CN112432874B - Tool and method for simulating internal heating of composite insulator - Google Patents

Tool and method for simulating internal heating of composite insulator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112432874B
CN112432874B CN202011259116.9A CN202011259116A CN112432874B CN 112432874 B CN112432874 B CN 112432874B CN 202011259116 A CN202011259116 A CN 202011259116A CN 112432874 B CN112432874 B CN 112432874B
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composite insulator
sheath
core rod
heating
defects
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CN112432874A (en
Inventor
张洋
刘辉
刘嵘
周超
贾然
沈庆河
漆照
孙晓斌
黄振宁
刘传彬
沈浩
张皓
段玉兵
李思毛
张思远
杨军
贾明亮
马国庆
冯璨
张付东
赵金辉
郭伟红
邵帅
杨杰
裴秀高
金阿龙
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/60—Investigating resistance of materials, e.g. refractory materials, to rapid heat changes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/27—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing element responsive to radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/6447—Method of operation or details of the microwave heating apparatus related to the use of detectors or sensors
    • H05B6/645—Method of operation or details of the microwave heating apparatus related to the use of detectors or sensors using temperature sensors
    • H05B6/6455—Method of operation or details of the microwave heating apparatus related to the use of detectors or sensors using temperature sensors the sensors being infrared detectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/66—Circuits
    • H05B6/68—Circuits for monitoring or control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
    • H05B6/806—Apparatus for specific applications for laboratory use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
    • G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0222—Temperature
    • G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
    • G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0694—Temperature

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract

In order to simulate the heating phenomenon of a composite insulator on site as far as possible, further researching the influence of high temperature on the cracking of the composite insulator, and providing a mechanism of the cracking of the composite insulator caused by the high temperature so as to find out effective measures for preventing the cracking of the composite insulator, the invention provides a tool and a method for simulating the heating inside the composite insulator, wherein the tool comprises an outer silicon rubber sheath and a glass fiber reinforced plastic column-shaped core rod wrapped by the sheath, tiny simulation defects are placed at critical positions of the sheath and the core rod, and the sheath and the core rod form the composite insulator with the defects; a semi-ellipsoidal air gap is formed between the simulated defect and the sheath, and the length of the simulated defect is far smaller than that of the core rod; the simulation defect is high dielectric loss or conductive material, and the sheath and the core rod are insulating materials; and carrying out microwave heating on the simulated composite insulator sample to obtain a simulated sample which is broken by the composite insulator due to the high temperature.

Description

Tool and method for simulating internal heating of composite insulator
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power system safety, in particular to an appliance and a method for simulating internal heating of a composite insulator.
Background
The composite insulator has the advantages of excellent hydrophobic property, light weight, convenient transportation and installation and the like, and is widely applied to play a role in protecting power systems and equipment. But in recent years, the composite insulator in operation has abnormal fracture phenomenon of decay fracture, and extremely severe power grid safety accidents are caused. The composite insulator with the decay fracture is found by site survey to have the following characteristics: 1) The core rod is seriously degraded (the macroscopic section of the core rod is not smooth, the texture of the core rod becomes crisp, the core rod is shaped like decayed wood, the core rod is pulverized, glass fiber and epoxy resin matrix are mutually separated, etc.); 2) The interface between the silicon rubber sheath and the glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod near the breaking position of the core rod is invalid; 3) The interface failure area between the silicon rubber sheath and the glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod is connected with the high-pressure end through a carbonization channel; 4) A plurality of transverse electric etching holes which are developed from inside to outside appear on the sheath; 5) The broken insulator has abnormal temperature rise phenomenon before breaking. For the reason of composite insulator decay fracture, the academic community has no clear conclusion yet, but preliminary experimental research shows that high temperature is a key factor causing composite insulator decay fracture.
The abnormal heating phenomenon of the composite insulator occurs at the interface of the glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod and the insulating sheath and is usually positioned at a certain part of the first umbrella skirts of the high-voltage end. The existing laboratory heating means are difficult to simulate the heating at the interface, the traditional method is to heat the insulator (comprising the insulating sheath), the heat transfer is gradually developed inwards from the surface of the sheath, or the core rod is heated, the influence of the insulating sheath is not considered any more, various thermal ageing simulation experiments are often to heat complete samples, the characteristics of local heating of the on-site composite insulator are not met, the simulated decay appearance is greatly different from the on-site decay broken insulator, the insulator thermal ageing process is difficult to reproduce in the laboratory, and the further research on the mechanism of the decay breakage is hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the heating phenomenon of the on-site composite insulator is simulated as much as possible, the influence of high temperature on the composite insulator decay fracture is further researched, a mechanism of the composite insulator decay fracture caused by high temperature is provided, so that effective measures for preventing the composite insulator decay fracture are found.
The utility model provides a utensil of simulating inside heating of composite insulator, includes the silicon rubber sheath of skin and the glass steel column core rod of being wrapped up by the sheath, and sheath and core rod critical department place tiny simulation defect, form the composite insulator with defect with sheath and core rod; a semi-ellipsoidal air gap is formed between the simulated defect and the sheath, and the length of the simulated defect is far smaller than that of the core rod; the simulation defect is high dielectric loss or conductive material, and the sheath and the core rod are insulating materials.
Preferably, the simulated defect is a gold-plated tungsten needle.
Preferably, the length is at least 50mm, the thickness of the sheath is 6-9mm, the diameter of the core rod is 24-30mm, the curvature radius of the gold-plated tungsten needle is 1 mu m, the long diameter of the semi-ellipsoidal air gap is 10-15mm, and the short diameter is 2-3mm.
In addition, a method for simulating internal heating of the composite insulator based on any one of the above devices is provided, which comprises the following steps:
taking a plurality of composite insulator samples with defects and 50-200mm long;
and heating the sample by using microwaves with the microwave power of 400-1000W and the heating time of 10-60s to obtain the simulated heating composite insulator.
Preferably, the microwave power is preferably 600W and the heating time period is preferably 10s.
Compared with other laboratory heating means, the microwave heating has a plurality of advantages in the aspect of simulating abnormal heating of the composite insulator. Based on the propagation characteristics of microwaves in different media, the invention realizes the local heating on the interface of the glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod and the silicon rubber sheath, but not the integral heating of the traditional insulator. The maximum temperature rise and the microwave power are controlled through the temperature sensor, and the heating time is adjusted, so that the characteristics of the artificially preset defect insulator are consistent with those of the field decay fracture insulator through a thermal ageing experiment. The temperature distribution inside the insulator can be observed through the thermal infrared imager, so that the defect position can be accurately positioned.
The invention can be used for complex disc simulation analysis of the composite insulator damaged by heating, factory detection of the insulator, elimination of the composite insulator with defects, cooperation with devices such as unmanned aerial vehicle and the like for on-line monitoring of the insulator, timely replacement of the aged insulator under the action of various stresses, and has important significance in avoiding the composite insulator from being broken and maintaining the safety of a power grid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a defective composite insulator according to example 1;
wherein, the sheath is 1-sheath, the core rod is 2-core rod, the gilded tungsten needle is 3-and the air gap is 4-;
FIG. 2 is a plot of temperature versus microwave power for the composite insulator with defects of example 2;
FIG. 3 is a plot of temperature versus time for a composite insulator with defects according to example 2.
Detailed Description
Example 1
According to the propagation rule of electromagnetic waves in a medium, the transmission, scattering and reflection processes of the microwaves occur when the microwaves vertically enter the medium. In the free space passive region, the wave equation of the electromagnetic field may become homogeneous in terms of the helmholtz vector equation:
where k0 is the free space wavenumber, E is the electric field component of the uniform planar electromagnetic wave,
equation (1) is satisfied for the components Ex, ey, ez of the vector E in three directions in the rectangular coordinate system. For a uniform plane wave propagating in the +z direction, the phasor of the electric field strength is expressed as:
wherein E is 0 Is a constant vector.
The propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in a dielectric medium are analyzed separately. To facilitate discussion of the propagation law of electromagnetic waves, a propagation constant γ is defined, namely:
gamma is a complex number, which can be further written as:
where α and β are the real and imaginary parts of γ. For a lossless medium, σ=0, α=0,
for the Helmholtz equation of equation (1), it may become:
the equation is solved as:
E(z)＝E 0 e -αz e -βz (7)
in the above formula, the first factor e -αz Decreasing with increasing z, which is therefore the attenuation factor, α is the attenuation constant in units of nepenthes per meter (NP/m). The attenuation constant represents the amplitude attenuation of e before the electromagnetic wave propagates every one meter -α Multiple times. Second factor e -jβz Is a phase factor, beta is called a phase constant, and the unit is radian per meter. The phase constant represents the amount of phase shift produced by the wave traveling one meter distance. The following analysis analyzes the expressions of α and β in different materials.
For high dielectric loss or conductive materials,under this condition, formula (5) can be written as:
or another form:
as the conductive material, there are:
(10) The equation indicates that the attenuation constant of high-frequency electromagnetic waves such as microwaves is large in a high dielectric loss or conductive material. If f=1 (THz), in copper,
when electromagnetic wave propagatesWhen the amplitude is reduced to the original e -1 ，/>Known as the skin depth of the conductor.
For good conductors, since the skin depth can be written as:
for microwaves, the penetration depth in the conductive material is only in the order of microns, and most of their energy is absorbed by the highly dielectric or conductive material.
Low loss dielectrics are ideal insulating materials with low dielectric loss and low conductivity. For an ideal insulating material,at this time, the formula (5) can be written as:
wherein, the attenuation constant and the phase constant are respectively:
at this time, for the commonly used insulating medium, taking the commonly used silicone rubber of the composite insulator sheath as an example, the corresponding damping constants are as follows:
the attenuation constant value of the propagation of microwaves in an insulating medium is small compared to the propagation of microwaves in a good conductor, which means that a substantial part of the microwaves can pass through the insulating medium without being absorbed when propagating in the insulating medium. Therefore, the microwave heating device is used for heating objects, such as a composite insulator, the sheath and the core rod of the composite insulator are made of insulating materials, no obvious temperature rise exists, and the conductive defect artificially buried in the microwave heating device absorbs most of energy of the microwave to generate heat, so that the microwave heating device has good selectivity. The position and the size of the preset defect (capable of absorbing microwaves) in the composite insulator are changed, so that the local heating position and the area of the composite insulator can be flexibly controlled, and the effect of simulating the abnormal heating composite insulator on site is achieved.
In the invention, firstly, a composite insulator sample containing artificial defects at the interface of a glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod and a silicon rubber sheath is manufactured, and the simulation defects of polar substances are added at the interface of the silicon rubber sheath and the glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod, and the manufacturing steps are as follows:
(1) Processing a silicone rubber sheath on a glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod which is not polished and coated with a coupling agent; (2) Stripping the silicon rubber sheath from the core rod, and attaching a gold-plated tungsten needle with a radius of curvature of 1 mu m to the surface of the core rod; (3) Manufacturing a semi-ellipsoidal air gap with the length of 10mm and the short diameter of 2mm on the silicon rubber sheath at the position close to the needle point; (4) re-wrapping the stripped silicone rubber sheath on the core rod.
The length of the manufactured composite insulator with the defects is 50mm, the diameter of the core rod is 24mm, and the thickness of the sheath is 6mm. The tip of the needle was 20mm from the outermost layer of the sheath, and the sample is shown in FIG. 1, which shows that the composite insulator containing the artificial simulation defect is indistinguishable from the normal composite insulator in appearance.
The outermost layer of the composite insulator with the defects is a silicon rubber sheath, and is internally provided with an interface, defects (mainly steel needles) and a glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod in sequence, wherein the silicon rubber and the glass fiber reinforced plastic are ideal insulating materials and are characterized by low dielectric loss and low conductivity, and when microwaves pass through the silicon rubber and the glass fiber reinforced plastic materials, attenuation is reduced, namely most of energy can pass through, and a small part of energy is absorbed by the materials and converted into internal energy, so that the influence of the microwaves on the temperatures of the two parts is not great; the gold-plated tungsten needle is a conductive material, has high conductivity, and has larger polarization loss (the attenuation coefficient of microwave propagation in the copper needle is different from the attenuation coefficient of microwave propagation in the silicon rubber by 18 orders of magnitude) under the action of an externally-applied alternating electric field, so that most of energy can be absorbed by the steel needle when the microwave passes through an artificial defect, and the temperature of the defect is obviously increased, thereby creating an environment with locally heated interface, and the environment is very similar to the temperature distribution characteristics of an actual composite insulator with the defect, so that the next experiment can be carried out by using the artificially-simulated composite insulator with the defect.
Example 2
The sample 2 pieces containing interface defects are respectively named as No. 1 and No. 2 from the composite insulator heated at high temperature on site, and the lengths are about 200 mm. And carrying out heat treatment on the sample by using microwaves, changing the microwave power and the treatment time acted on the insulator by adjusting the working gear and the working time of a microwave oven, and recording the highest temperature of the surface of the insulator sample after the test. The output power of the microwaves is controlled to be 400W, 800W, 1200W, 1600W and 2000W respectively, the microwave action time is 10s, 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s respectively, and the heating conditions observed by using the thermal infrared imager of the normal insulator sample and the samples 1# and 2# containing interface defects under different influence factors are shown in the figure 2 and the figure 3.
Along with the increase of microwave power and the increase of heating time, the surface temperature of a short sample containing the defect insulator rises faster, the surface temperature of a normal insulator rises slower, and when the heating time reaches 10s, the temperature rise of the defect insulator is obviously higher than that of the normal insulator. Therefore, when the method is used for detecting the internal defects of the insulator on site, the method only needs tens of seconds, and the microwave power is not more than 600W, so the specific parameters of the method are preferably as follows: the microwave power is 600W, and the heating time is 10s.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Modifications of the embodiments described in the foregoing will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The method for simulating the internal heating of the composite insulator is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
taking at least one composite insulator sample with defects and 50-200mm long;
heating a sample by using microwaves with the microwave power of 400-1000W and the heating time of 10-60s to obtain a simulated heating composite insulator;
the composite insulator sample with the defects comprises a silicon rubber sheath and a glass fiber reinforced plastic column-shaped core rod wrapped by the sheath, wherein tiny simulation defects are placed at critical positions of the sheath and the core rod, and the sheath and the core rod form the composite insulator with the defects; a semi-ellipsoidal air gap is formed between the simulated defect and the sheath, and the length of the simulated defect is far smaller than that of the core rod; the simulation defect is a high dielectric loss or conductive material, and the sheath and the core rod are insulating materials.
2. The method of simulating internal heating of a composite insulator of claim 1, wherein the simulated defect is a gold-plated tungsten needle.
3. The method for simulating heat generation inside a composite insulator according to claim 2, wherein the length of the sample of the composite insulator with defects is at least 50mm, the thickness of the sheath is 6-9mm, the diameter of the core rod is 24-30mm, the curvature radius of the gold-plated tungsten needle is 1 μm, the long diameter of the semi-ellipsoidal air gap is 10-15mm, and the short diameter is 2-3mm.
4. The method for simulating heat generation inside a composite insulator according to claim 1, wherein the microwave power is 600W and the heating time period is 10s.
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CN113257500B (en) * 2021-04-23 2022-07-05 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Method for manufacturing composite insulator with overhead line core rod shortness defect

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