CN112432874A - Tool and method for simulating internal heating of composite insulator - Google Patents

Tool and method for simulating internal heating of composite insulator Download PDF

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CN112432874A
CN112432874A CN202011259116.9A CN202011259116A CN112432874A CN 112432874 A CN112432874 A CN 112432874A CN 202011259116 A CN202011259116 A CN 202011259116A CN 112432874 A CN112432874 A CN 112432874A
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composite insulator
sheath
core rod
defect
heating
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CN112432874B (en
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张洋
刘辉
刘嵘
周超
贾然
沈庆河
漆照
孙晓斌
黄振宁
刘传彬
沈浩
张皓
段玉兵
李思毛
张思远
杨军
贾明亮
马国庆
冯璨
张付东
赵金辉
郭伟红
邵帅
杨杰
裴秀高
金阿龙
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/60—Investigating resistance of materials, e.g. refractory materials, to rapid heat changes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
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    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/27—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing element responsive to radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/6447—Method of operation or details of the microwave heating apparatus related to the use of detectors or sensors
    • H05B6/645—Method of operation or details of the microwave heating apparatus related to the use of detectors or sensors using temperature sensors
    • H05B6/6455—Method of operation or details of the microwave heating apparatus related to the use of detectors or sensors using temperature sensors the sensors being infrared detectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/66—Circuits
    • H05B6/68—Circuits for monitoring or control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
    • H05B6/806—Apparatus for specific applications for laboratory use
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    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
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Abstract

In order to simulate the heating phenomenon of the composite insulator on site as much as possible, further research the influence of high temperature on the composite insulator, and provide a mechanism for causing the composite insulator to be brittle, rotten and broken by the high temperature, so as to find an effective measure for preventing the composite insulator from being brittle, rotten and broken, the invention provides a tool and a method for simulating the internal heating of the composite insulator, wherein the tool and the method comprise an outer silicone rubber sheath and a glass steel column-shaped core rod wrapped by the sheath, and the critical positions of the sheath and the core rod are provided with tiny simulation defects which form the composite insulator with defects together with the sheath and the core rod; a semi-ellipsoidal air gap is formed between the simulated defect and the sheath, and the length of the simulated defect is far smaller than that of the core rod; the simulation defect is a high dielectric loss or conductive material, and the sheath and the core rod are insulating materials; and (3) carrying out microwave heating on the simulated composite insulator sample to obtain a simulated sample with the composite insulator broken due to high temperature.

Description

Tool and method for simulating internal heating of composite insulator
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power system safety, in particular to a tool and a method for simulating internal heating of a composite insulator.
Background
The composite insulator is widely applied due to the advantages of excellent hydrophobic property, light weight, convenience in transportation and installation and the like, and plays a role in protecting power systems and equipment. However, in recent years, the composite insulator in operation has an abnormal fracture phenomenon of decay and fracture, and extremely severe power grid safety accidents are caused. The composite insulator which is found to be rotten and broken through site survey has the following characteristics: 1) the core rod is seriously degraded (the macroscopic section of the core rod is not smooth, the texture of the core rod is crisp, the core rod is shaped like withered wood, the core rod is pulverized, the glass fiber and the epoxy resin matrix are mutually separated, and the like); 2) the interface between the silicon rubber sheath and the glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod near the core rod fracture part fails; 3) the interface failure area between the silicon rubber sheath and the glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod is mostly connected with the high-pressure end through a carbonization channel; 4) a plurality of transverse electric erosion holes which are developed from inside to outside appear on the sheath; 5) the broken insulator has abnormal temperature rise phenomenon before being broken. The academic community has no clear conclusion about the cause of the composite insulator decay and fracture, but preliminary experimental studies show that high temperature is a key factor for causing the composite insulator decay and fracture.
The abnormal heating phenomenon of the composite insulator is generated at the interface of the glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod and the insulating sheath, and is usually positioned at a certain part of the first umbrella skirts of the high-voltage end. The conventional heating method is to heat an insulator (including an insulating sheath), heat transfer develops from the surface of the sheath to the inside or heat a core rod, the influence of the insulating sheath is not considered any more, various heat aging simulation experiments are often to heat a complete sample and do not accord with the characteristic of local heating of a composite insulator on site, the simulated insulator with the decay degradation morphology and the decay and fracture on site has larger difference, the heat aging process of the insulator is difficult to reproduce in a laboratory, and the further research on the mechanism of the decay, decay and fracture causes obstacles.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, simulate the heating phenomenon of the composite insulator on site as much as possible, further study the influence of high temperature on the composite insulator, and provide a mechanism for causing the composite insulator to decay and break under the high temperature, so as to find an effective measure for preventing the composite insulator from decay and break, the invention provides the following technical scheme.
A tool for simulating internal heating of a composite insulator comprises an outer silicone rubber sheath and a glass steel columnar core rod wrapped by the sheath, wherein a tiny simulation defect is placed at the critical position of the sheath and the core rod, and the sheath and the core rod form the composite insulator with the defect; a semi-ellipsoidal air gap is formed between the simulated defect and the sheath, and the length of the simulated defect is far smaller than that of the core rod; the simulated defects are high dielectric loss or conductive materials, and the sheath and the core rod are insulating materials.
Preferably, the simulated defect is a gold-plated tungsten needle.
Preferably, the length is at least 50mm, the thickness of the sheath is 6-9mm, the diameter of the core rod is 24-30mm, the curvature radius of the gold-plated tungsten needle is 1 μm, the major diameter of the semi-ellipsoidal air gap is 10-15mm, and the minor diameter is 2-3 mm.
In addition, a method for simulating internal heating of the composite insulator based on any one of the appliances is provided, which comprises the following steps:
taking a plurality of composite insulator samples with defects and the lengths of 50-200 mm;
and (3) heating the sample by using microwaves, wherein the microwave power is 400-1000W, and the heating time is 10-60s, so as to obtain the simulated heating composite insulator.
Preferably, the microwave power is 600W, and the heating time is preferably 10 s.
Compared with other laboratory heating means, the microwave heating method has many advantages in the aspect of simulating abnormal heating of the composite insulator. The invention realizes the local heating on the interface of the glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod and the silicon rubber sheath based on the propagation characteristics of microwaves in different media, rather than the traditional insulator integral heating. The maximum temperature rise and the microwave power are controlled by the temperature sensor, and the heating time is adjusted, so that the artificially preset defective insulator is consistent with the characteristics of the on-site rotten and broken insulator through a thermal aging experiment. The temperature distribution in the insulator can be observed through the thermal infrared imager, so that the defect position can be accurately positioned.
The invention can be used for the multi-disc simulation analysis of the composite insulator which is damaged by heating, can also be used for the factory detection of the insulator, eliminates the composite insulator with defects, is matched with devices such as an unmanned aerial vehicle and the like for the on-line monitoring of the insulator, timely replaces the insulator which is aged under the action of various stresses, and has important significance for avoiding the composite insulator from being rotted and broken and maintaining the safety of a power grid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a composite insulator with defects according to example 1;
wherein, 1-sheath, 2-core rod, 3-gold-plated tungsten needle, and 4-air gap;
FIG. 2 is a line graph of the temperature of the composite insulator with defects according to the microwave power variation in example 2;
figure 3 is a line graph of the temperature of the composite insulator with defects according to the microwave treatment time in example 2.
Detailed Description
Example 1
According to the propagation rule of electromagnetic waves in a medium, the transmission, scattering and reflection processes of microwaves occur when the microwaves vertically enter the medium. In the free-space passive region, the wave equation of the electromagnetic field may become the homogeneous helmholtz vector equation:
Figure BDA0002774045900000031
where k0 is the free space wavenumber, E is the electric field component of the uniform planar electromagnetic wave,
Figure BDA0002774045900000032
equation (1) is satisfied for the components Ex, Ey, Ez of the vector E in the three directions in the rectangular coordinate system. For a uniform plane wave propagating in the + z direction, the phasor of the electric field strength is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002774045900000041
wherein E0Is a constant vector.
Next, the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric are analyzed, respectively. To facilitate the discussion of the propagation law of electromagnetic waves, a propagation constant γ is defined, namely:
Figure BDA0002774045900000042
γ is a complex number, which can be further written as:
Figure BDA0002774045900000043
where α and β are the real and imaginary parts of γ. For a lossless medium, σ -0, α -0,
Figure BDA0002774045900000044
for the Helmholtz equation of equation (1), it can be changed to:
Figure BDA0002774045900000045
the equation is solved as:
E(z)＝E0e-αze-βz (7)
in the above equation, the first factor e-αzDecreases with increasing z, and is thus the attenuation factor, and α is the attenuation constant in neper per meter (NP/m). The attenuation constant represents that the amplitude is attenuated to the previous e for every forward propagation of the electromagnetic wave by one meter-αAnd (4) doubling. Second factor e-jβzIs the phase factor, beta is called the phase constant, and the unit is radians per meter. The phase constant represents the amount of phase shift that results from a wave traveling a distance of one meter. The expressions α and β in the different materials are analyzed below.
For a material with high dielectric loss or conductivity,
Figure BDA0002774045900000046
under this condition, formula (5) can be written as:
Figure BDA0002774045900000047
or another form:
Figure BDA0002774045900000051
as for the conductive material, there are:
Figure BDA0002774045900000052
(10) the formula indicates that the attenuation constant of high-frequency electromagnetic waves such as microwaves is large in a high dielectric loss or conductive material. Such as f-1 (THz), in copper,
Figure BDA0002774045900000053
when electromagnetic waves propagate
Figure BDA0002774045900000054
While its amplitude is reduced to the original e-1，
Figure BDA0002774045900000055
Referred to as the skin depth of the conductor.
Figure BDA0002774045900000056
For a good conductor, the skin depth can be written as:
Figure BDA0002774045900000057
for microwaves, the penetration depth in the conductive material is only in the order of microns, and most of the energy is absorbed by the highly dielectric or conductive material.
Low loss dielectrics are ideal insulating materials with low dielectric loss and low electrical conductivity. For a desired insulating material to be used in the present invention,
Figure BDA0002774045900000058
in this case, equation (5) can be written as:
Figure BDA0002774045900000059
wherein, the obtained attenuation constant and phase constant are respectively:
Figure BDA00027740459000000510
Figure BDA00027740459000000511
in this case, for a commonly used insulating medium, taking silicone rubber commonly used for a composite insulator sheath as an example, the attenuation constants corresponding to the silicone rubber are as follows:
Figure BDA00027740459000000512
the attenuation constant of microwave propagation in an insulating medium is small compared to the propagation of microwaves in a good conductor, which indicates that the majority of microwaves propagating in an insulating medium can pass through the insulating medium without being absorbed. Therefore, objects such as composite insulators are heated by microwaves, the sheaths and the core rods of the composite insulators are made of insulating materials, obvious temperature rise is avoided, the conductive defects manually embedded inside absorb most energy of the microwaves to generate heat, and the microwave heating has good selectivity. By changing the position and size of the preset defect (capable of absorbing microwave) in the composite insulator, the local heating position and area of the composite insulator can be flexibly controlled, and therefore the effect of simulating the field abnormal heating composite insulator is achieved.
Firstly, a composite insulator sample with artificial defects at the interface of a glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod and a silicon rubber sheath is manufactured, and simulated defects of polar substances are added at the interface of the silicon rubber sheath and the glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod, wherein the manufacturing steps are as follows:
(1) processing a silicon rubber sheath on a glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod which is not polished and coated with a coupling agent; (2) stripping the silicon rubber sheath from the core rod, and attaching a gold-plated tungsten needle with the curvature radius of 1 mu m to the surface of the core rod; (3) manufacturing an air gap of a semi-ellipsoid surface with the major diameter of 10mm and the minor diameter of 2mm at the position close to the needle point on the silicon rubber sheath; (4) and re-wrapping the stripped silicon rubber sheath on the core rod.
The length of the manufactured composite insulator with the defects is 50mm, the diameter of the core rod is 24mm, and the thickness of the sheath is 6 mm. The needle point is 20mm away from the outermost layer of the sheath, and the sample is shown in fig. 1, and it should be noted that the composite insulator containing the artificial simulation defect has no difference from the normal composite insulator in appearance.
The outermost layer of the composite insulator with the defects is a silicon rubber sheath, an interface, the defects (mainly steel needles) and a glass fiber reinforced plastic core rod are arranged inwards in sequence, the silicon rubber and the glass fiber reinforced plastic are both ideal insulating materials and have the characteristics of low dielectric loss and low conductivity, when microwaves pass through the silicon rubber and the glass fiber reinforced plastic, the attenuation is small, namely most energy can pass through, and a small part of energy is absorbed by the materials and converted into internal energy, so that the temperature of the two parts is not greatly influenced by the microwaves; the gold-plated tungsten needle is a conductive material, has high conductivity, and has larger polarization loss (the attenuation coefficient of microwave propagating in the copper needle is 18 orders of magnitude different from that of the silicon rubber) under the action of an external alternating electric field, so that most energy can be absorbed by the steel needle when the microwave passes through an artificial defect, the temperature of the defect is obviously increased, and an environment with local heating of an interface is created, which is very similar to the temperature distribution characteristic of an actual rotten and broken composite insulator, and further experiments can be carried out by utilizing the artificially simulated composite insulator with the defect.
Example 2
2 samples containing interface defects are intercepted from the composite insulator heated at high temperature on site and named as No. 1 and No. 2 respectively, and the lengths of the samples are about 200 mm. And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the sample by using microwaves, changing the microwave power and treatment time acting on the insulator by adjusting the working gear and the working time of a microwave oven, and recording the highest temperature of the surface of the insulator sample after the test. The microwave output powers are controlled to be 400W, 800W, 1200W, 1600W and 2000W respectively, the microwave action times are controlled to be 10s, 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s respectively, and the heating conditions of normal insulator samples and samples 1# and 2# containing interface defects under different influence factors are observed by using a thermal infrared imager and are shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.
Along with the increase of microwave power and the increase of heating time, the surface temperature of the short sample containing the defect insulator rises faster, the surface temperature of the normal insulator rises slower, and when the heating time reaches 10s, the temperature rise of the defect insulator is obviously higher than that of the normal insulator. Therefore, when the method is used for detecting the internal defects of the insulator on site, the method only needs ten seconds, and the microwave power is not suitable to exceed 600W, so the specific parameters of the method are preferably as follows: microwave power 600W, heating time 10 s.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A tool for simulating internal heating of a composite insulator comprises an outer-layer silicone rubber sheath and a glass steel columnar core rod wrapped by the sheath, and is characterized in that a tiny simulation defect is placed at the critical position of the sheath and the core rod, and the simulation defect, the sheath and the core rod form the composite insulator with the defect; a semi-ellipsoidal air gap is formed between the simulated defect and the sheath, and the length of the simulated defect is far smaller than that of the core rod; the simulation defect is a high dielectric loss or conductive material, and the sheath and the core rod are insulating materials.
2. The device for simulating internal heating of a composite insulator according to claim 1, wherein the simulated defect is a gold-plated tungsten pin.
3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the length is at least 50mm, the thickness of the sheath is 6-9mm, the diameter of the core rod is 24-30mm, the radius of curvature of the gold-plated tungsten needle is 1 μm, the major diameter of the semi-ellipsoidal air gap is 10-15mm, and the minor diameter is 2-3 mm.
4. A method of simulating internal heating in a composite insulator based on the apparatus of any of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of:
taking at least one composite insulator sample with defects and the length of 50-200 mm;
and (3) heating the sample by using microwaves, wherein the microwave power is 400-1000W, and the heating time is 10-60s, so as to obtain the simulated heating composite insulator.
5. Method for simulating internal heating of a composite insulator according to claim 4, characterised in that the microwave power is preferably 600W and the heating time is preferably 10 s.
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CN113257500A (en) * 2021-04-23 2021-08-13 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Method for manufacturing composite insulator with overhead line core rod shortness defect
CN113257500B (en) * 2021-04-23 2022-07-05 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Method for manufacturing composite insulator with overhead line core rod shortness defect

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