CN112432819A

CN112432819A - In-situ measuring device for degradation rate of pollutants and using method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112432819A
Application number: CN202011449795.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈瑞弘; 陈福容; 滕俊伟
Original assignee: Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Current assignee: China Three Gorges Group Co Ltd; Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Priority date: 2020-12-09
Filing date: 2020-12-09
Publication date: 2021-03-02

Abstract

The invention belongs to a device for measuring the degradation rate of pollutants in the field of environmental engineering and a using method thereof, and the technical scheme is as follows: the outer ring is a buoyancy outer ring, the inner ring is an upper support, the middle wave jumping prevention curtain is arranged, and the buoyancy outer ring is provided with an outer flow velocity probe; the upper support comprises an outer ring and an inner ring; an outer sleeve is fixed below the outer ring, and an inner sleeve is fixed below the inner ring; an annular cavity with an upper opening and a sealed bottom is formed between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve; a water pump is arranged on the central cover plate on the inner ring; the water pumps are respectively connected with flow speed accelerating pipelines; the flow speed accelerating pipeline extends into the annular cavity; an inner side flow velocity probe is arranged in the annular cavity body; the water pump is provided with a controller, and the annular cavity body is internally provided with a sampling tube. The method comprises the steps of preventing newly-added pollutants from entering through constructing a water body exchange isolation device, keeping comprehensive influence of various environmental factors on an isolated water body, and calculating the degradation rate of target pollutants through the change rule of the target pollutants in the isolated water body.

Description

In-situ measuring device for degradation rate of pollutants and using method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of environmental engineering, and particularly relates to a device for measuring the degradation rate of pollutants and a using method thereof.

Background

The evaluation of the self-purification capability of the environment is crucial in the comprehensive remediation work of the water environment, but COD (chemical oxygen demand)_Cr、NH₃Degradation of various pollutants such as-NThe capability is easily influenced by natural environment factors, and the upper and lower limit difference of the numerical range of the degradation capability is great. The ideal measurement result of the laboratory cannot effectively reflect the influence of a plurality of factors such as actual illumination of the water body, day and night temperature change, wind field, ecological change of algae digestion and the like, and is difficult to be applied to the self-purification capability evaluation work of the specific water body. The existing laboratory measurement results of the pollutant degradation rate can only be transferred semi-quantitatively, and are applied to target water body evaluation work through a large number of generalized parameters, so that the support force of the evaluation work is limited. The value of the degradation rate becomes an important factor for restricting the evaluation of the self-cleaning capability of the environment.

In order to better solve the problem of the degradation rate of various water pollutants and provide a pollutant degradation rate with strong pertinence for the evaluation of the self-cleaning capacity of the environment, an in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device is provided, the comprehensive influence of various natural factors on site is summed, and the comprehensive degradation rate of the water pollutants under different live conditions is measured.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device and a using method thereof.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device comprises an outer ring and an inner ring, wherein the outer ring is a buoyancy outer ring, the inner ring is an upper support, a wave jumping prevention curtain tightly attached to the water surface is arranged between the buoyancy outer ring and the upper support, and an outer-side flow velocity probe is arranged on the buoyancy outer ring.

The upper support comprises an outer ring, an inner ring and a connecting rod for connecting the outer ring and the inner ring; the outer ring is fixed on a plurality of upper support struts, and the upper support struts are vertical rods; an openable central cover plate is arranged on the inner ring; an outer sleeve is fixed below the outer ring, and an inner sleeve is fixed below the inner ring; the lower ends of the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are connected to a closed lower bottom lining; the lower bottom lining is annular; an annular cavity with an upper opening and a sealed bottom is formed between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve; the inner sleeve is a cylindrical structure with a central cover plate at the upper part and an opening at the lower part;

a water pump is arranged above the central cover plate; two ends of the water pump are respectively connected with a flow speed accelerating pipeline; the flow speed accelerating pipeline extends into the annular cavity; an inner side flow velocity probe is arranged in the annular cavity body; the water pump is provided with a controller, and the controller is connected with the outer side flow velocity probe and the inner side flow velocity probe through leads; a sampling tube is arranged in the annular cavity body.

The lower bottom lining is fixed on a plurality of vertically arranged lower bottom lining supporting rods; the lower bottom lining support rods are inserted into soil.

Based on the technical characteristics: the bottom mudguard is positioned below the lower bottom liner and fixed on the lower bottom liner supporting rod, and the bottom mudguard is flush with the mud surface.

Based on the technical characteristics: the outer sleeve is made of transparent soft waterproof material; the inner sleeve is made of transparent soft waterproof material.

Based on the technical characteristics: the number of the upper support struts is four, and the upper support struts are symmetrically and uniformly arranged.

Based on the technical characteristics: the lower bottom lining support rods are four and are symmetrically and uniformly arranged; the bottom mudguard is composed of four pieces with the same size, which are respectively fixed on four lower bottom lining support rods and are symmetrically and uniformly arranged.

Based on the technical characteristics: the buoyancy outer ring is made of foam plastics.

Based on the technical characteristics: the anti-wave jumping curtain is made of materials with air permeability and water permeability; preferably a textile fibre cloth.

Based on the technical characteristics: the inner sleeve, the outer sleeve and the lower bottom lining are detachable.

Based on the technical characteristics: the flow speed accelerating pipeline comprises a water inlet section and a water outlet section, and the water inlet section and the water outlet section are distributed in a rotational symmetry mode relative to the central axis of the inner sleeve.

The use method of the device for in-situ determination of the degradation rate of the pollutants is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: a component consisting of a bottom mudguard, a lower bottom lining support rod, an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, an upper support rod and a central cover plate is placed on a degradation rate determination water body, the component is in a floating state, water is taken from the determination water body and is slowly injected into an annular cavity between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, the component gradually sinks, and when the annular cavity is filled with water, the upper support is slightly higher than the water surface, and the central cover plate is covered.

Step two: a water pump, a fluid accelerating pipeline and a controller are sequentially arranged on the central cover plate, and an inner side flow velocity probe is arranged in an annular cavity between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve.

Step three: installing a buoyancy outer ring, installing an outer-side flow velocity probe below the buoyancy outer ring, and installing a wave jumping prevention curtain; the water inlet end of the sampling tube is inserted into the middle part of the annular cavity, and the sampling tube is fixed on the upper support and the buoyancy outer ring.

Step four: respectively connecting the outer flow velocity probe and the inner flow velocity probe to a controller, and connecting the controller with a water pump power supply; and (4) sampling a water quality sample through a sampling tube, and measuring the concentration change of the pollutants.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the device is arranged in the actual water body, and an annular cavity which is opened up and closed down is formed by the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, so that the change of natural factors of the actual water body is truly reflected, the inflow of exogenous pollutants can be prevented, the water quality in the annular cavity is ensured to only carry out degradation reaction, and the degradation reaction rate can represent the actual degradation condition of the pollutants in the target water body.

The device is provided with the wave jump preventing curtain and the buoyancy outer ring, so that the external water body caused by wave jump can be effectively prevented from entering an experimental water area. The outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are made of transparent soft impermeable materials, so that the influence of external water masses on the water quality in the annular cavity can be prevented while the light transmission and the heat transfer are realized, and the degradation rate determination of pollutants is interfered.

The device is provided with an outer flow velocity probe, an inner flow velocity probe, a controller, a water pump and a fluid acceleration pipeline, and can reflect the flowing state of the water body in the water area while isolating the contact with the external fluid.

The outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are of detachable structures, test water layers with different heights can be customized according to the requirements of different water bodies, and the degradation rate of pollutants in the whole water layer is calculated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of an in situ test apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a top view of the in situ measurement apparatus.

The reference numbers in the figures denote: 1. an upper bracket; 2. an upper bracket strut; 3. the upper bracket fixing nut; 4. an outer sleeve; 5. an inner sleeve; 6. a wave jumping prevention curtain; 7. a buoyant outer ring; 8. a lower bottom lining; 9. a lower bottom lining strut; 10. a lower bottom lining fixing nut; 11. a bottom fender; 12. a bottom mudguard fixing nut; 13. a sampling tube; 14. an outer flow rate probe; 15. an inboard flow rate probe; 16. a controller; 17. a water pump; 18. a fluid acceleration circuit; 19. a central cover plate.

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

As shown in figures 1 and 2, the in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device comprises an outer ring which is a buoyancy outer ring 7, and an inner ring which is an upper support 1. A wave jumping prevention curtain 6 tightly attached to the water surface is arranged between the buoyancy outer ring 7 and the upper support 1 and is respectively fixed on the buoyancy outer ring 7 and the upper support 1 through buckles; an outer flow rate probe 14 is arranged on the buoyant outer ring 7. The buoyancy outer ring 7 is made of buoyancy materials such as foamed plastics. The preferred material that adopts of preventing jumping wave curtain 6 is textile fabric cloth etc. has certain ventilative, water permeability. The wave jumping prevention curtain 6 is tightly attached to the water surface, the wave power of the water surface can be consumed to stabilize the water surface, and when waves cross the buoyancy outer ring 7 and enter the wave jumping prevention curtain 6, the water quantity can return to the water body through the wave jumping prevention curtain 6.

The upper support 1 is of a hollow structure and comprises an outer ring, an inner ring and a connecting rod between the inner ring and the outer ring. As shown in fig. 2, the number of the connecting rods can be 4, and the connecting rods are uniformly arranged in a cross shape.

The outer ring is fixed on four upper support struts 2 which are symmetrically distributed and vertically arranged through upper support fixing nuts 3, and an openable central cover plate 19 is arranged on the inner ring; a detachable outer sleeve 4 is fixed below the outer ring of the upper support 1 through a buckle, and the detachable outer sleeve 4 is made of transparent soft waterproof material; a detachable inner sleeve 5 is fixed below the inner ring of the upper bracket 1 through a buckle, and the inner sleeve 5 is made of transparent soft waterproof material; the lower ends of the outer sleeve 5 and the inner sleeve 4 are both arranged on a closed lower bottom lining 8, and the lower bottom lining 8 is of a detachable annular structure. In this way, an annular cavity is formed between the outer sleeve 4 and the inner sleeve 5, which cavity is open at the upper part and sealed at the bottom. The inner sleeve 5 is a cylindrical structure with a central cover plate 19 at the upper part and an opening at the lower part.

A water pump 17 is arranged above the central cover plate 19; two ends of the water pump 17 are respectively connected with a flow speed acceleration pipeline 18; the flow speed accelerating pipeline 18 is a bent pipe and extends into the annular cavity between the outer sleeve 4 and the inner sleeve 5; the flow rate acceleration pipeline 18 comprises a water inlet section and a water outlet section, the water inlet section and the water outlet section are rotationally and symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the inner sleeve 5, the lower ends of the water inlet section and the water outlet section are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet which are parallel to the horizontal plane, and the directions of the water inlet and the water outlet are centrosymmetrically distributed about the axis of the equipment.

An inner flow velocity probe 15 is arranged in the annular cavity body; the water pump 18 is provided with a controller 16, and the controller 16 is connected with the outer flow velocity probe 14 and the inner flow velocity probe 15 through leads. And controlling the water pump 17 to start and stop according to the difference of the inner and outer flow speeds. When the flow rate at the inner side is lower than that at the outer side, the pump is started to push the water flow in the flow rate acceleration pipeline 18 to flow, the water flow in the annular cavity between the outer sleeve 4 and the inner sleeve 5 is driven by the flow rate acceleration pipeline 18 through the water inlet to flow, and the physical environment in the annular cavity is kept completely consistent with the physical environment outside the annular cavity.

The lower bottom lining 8 is respectively fixed on the lower bottom lining support rods 9 through lower bottom lining fixing nuts 10; four lower liner supporting rods 9 can be uniformly arranged, the lower liner supporting rods 9 are inserted into soil, a bottom mudguard 11 is positioned below the lower liner 8 and fixed on the lower liner supporting rods 9 through bottom mudguard fixing nuts 12, and the bottom mudguard 11 is flush with the soil surface. As shown in fig. 1, the bottom fender 11 is formed in four pieces having the same size and fixed to four lower liner stays 9. The bottom mudguard 11 is matched with the lower bottom lining support rod 9 to further play a role in fixing and stabilizing the pollutant degradation rate measuring device.

A sampling pipe 13 is arranged in the annular cavity body, the sampling pipe 13 can be respectively fixed on the upper support 1 and the buoyancy outer ring 7, the water taking end extends into the annular cavity between the outer sleeve 4 and the inner sleeve 5, and the water outlet end extends to the shore.

Specific use methods of the in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device are as follows:

selecting a degradation rate determination water body, selecting four lower bottom liner support rods 9 with the thickness about 1.5 times as high as that of the sediment according to the thickness of the sediment, and fixing a bottom mud guard 11 at the sediment surface position through a bottom mud guard fixing nut 12. The lower liner 8 is secured to four lower liner struts 9 at about 5cm above the bottom fender 11 by lower liner retaining nuts 10. Measuring the water depth H, cutting an outer sleeve 4 and an inner sleeve 5 with the water depth, fixing the outer sleeve 4 to buckles at the outer ring edges of the upper support 1 and the lower bottom lining 8, and fixing the inner sleeve 5 to buckles in the plate surfaces of the inner ring of the upper support 1 and the lower bottom lining 8. The upper bracket 1 and the upper bracket strut 2 are fixed by the upper bracket fixing nut 3, and the supported upper bracket 1 sufficiently stretches the outer sleeve 4 and the inner sleeve 5.

And placing the installed component on water, wherein the component is in a floating state. Water is taken from the water body to be measured and slowly injected into the annular cavity between the outer sleeve 4 and the inner sleeve 5, the components gradually sink, and when the annular cavity is filled with water, the upper support 1 is slightly higher than the water surface. The central cover plate 19 is closed.

A water pump 17, a fluid acceleration pipe 18, and a controller 16 are sequentially installed on the central cover plate 19. The water pump 17 is fixed on the central cover plate 19, the fluid accelerating pipeline 18 comprises two bent pipes of a water inlet section and a water outlet section, the water inlet section and the water outlet section are respectively connected with a water inlet and a water outlet of the water pump 17, and a water inlet and a water outlet at the lower end of the water inlet section and a water inlet and a water outlet at the lower end of the water outlet section are both parallel to the horizontal plane and are distributed in central symmetry about the axis of the equipment. The inlet and outlet produce acting force along the tangential direction of the plane circle to drive the fluid to flow. An inside flow probe 15 is mounted in the annular cavity between the outer sleeve 4 and the inner sleeve 5.

The outer flow velocity probe 14 is installed below the buoyancy outer ring 7, the wave-jump-preventing curtain 6 is installed to the inner edge of the buoyancy outer ring 7 through a buckle, the buoyancy outer ring 7 is placed in water, and the wave-jump-preventing curtain 6 is installed to the outer edge of the upper support 1 through a buckle. The water inlet end of the sampling tube 13 is inserted into the middle part of the annular cavity, and the sampling tube 13 is fixed on the upper support 1 and the buoyancy outer ring 7.

The outer flow velocity probe 14 and the inner flow velocity probe 15 are respectively connected to the controller 16, and the controller 16 and the water pump 17 are powered on. A small amount of water quality samples in the annular cavity are taken through the sampling tube 13 every day, the concentration change of pollutants is measured day by day, and the degradation rate of the pollutants is calculated.

After the test is finished, the steps are reversed, and the outer flow velocity probe 14 and the inner flow velocity probe 15 are disassembled. Disassembling the buoyancy outer ring 7 and the wave jumping prevention curtain 6; a disassembly controller 16, a fluid acceleration circuit 18, and a water pump 17. The device is recovered to the shore after floating after draining, and residual parts are disassembled. And (5) sorting and recovering the components, and cleaning for later use.

In the above technical solution, a snap form is adopted as a detachable fixing manner, which is only an example. Other removable fastening means known in the art may also be used.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device is characterized in that: the device comprises an outer ring and an inner ring, wherein the outer ring is a buoyancy outer ring (7), the inner ring is an upper support (1), a wave jumping prevention curtain (6) tightly attached to the water surface is arranged between the buoyancy outer ring (7) and the upper support (1), and an outer flow velocity probe (14) is arranged on the buoyancy outer ring (7);

the upper support (1) comprises an outer ring, an inner ring and a connecting rod for connecting the inner ring and the outer ring; the outer ring is fixed on a plurality of upper support struts (2), and the upper support struts (2) are vertical rods; an openable central cover plate (19) is arranged on the inner ring; an outer sleeve (4) is fixed below the outer ring, and an inner sleeve (5) is fixed below the inner ring; the lower ends of the outer sleeve (4) and the inner sleeve (5) are connected to a sealed lower bottom lining (8), the lower bottom lining (8) is annular, an upper opening is formed between the outer sleeve (4) and the inner sleeve (5), and an annular cavity with a sealed bottom is formed; the inner sleeve (5) is internally provided with a cylindrical structure with the upper part provided with the central cover plate (19) and the lower part provided with an opening;

a water pump (17) is arranged above the central cover plate (19); two ends of the water pump (17) are respectively connected with a flow speed acceleration pipeline (18); the flow speed accelerating pipeline (18) is descended into the annular cavity; an inner flow velocity probe (15) is arranged in the annular cavity; a controller (16) is arranged on the water pump (18), and the controller (16) is connected with the outer side flow velocity probe (14) and the inner side flow velocity probe (15) through leads; a sampling tube (13) is arranged in the annular cavity body;

the lower bottom lining (8) is fixed on a plurality of lower bottom lining support rods (9); the lower bottom lining support rods (9) are inserted into soil.

2. The in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: and a bottom mudguard (11) is positioned below the lower bottom liner (8) and fixed on the lower bottom liner supporting rod (9), and the bottom mudguard (11) is flush with the mud surface.

3. The in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the outer sleeve (4) is made of transparent soft waterproof material; the inner sleeve (5) is made of transparent soft waterproof material.

4. The in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the upper support struts (2) is four, and the upper support struts are symmetrically and uniformly arranged.

5. The in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device according to claim 2, wherein: the four lower bottom lining support rods (9) are symmetrically and uniformly arranged; the bottom mudguard (11) is four pieces with the same size, which are respectively fixed on the four lower bottom lining support rods (9) and are symmetrically and uniformly arranged.

6. The in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the buoyancy outer ring (7) is made of foam plastic.

7. The in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the wave-jumping-preventing curtain (6) is made of a material with air permeability and water permeability.

8. The in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the inner sleeve (5), the outer sleeve (4) and the lower bottom lining (8) are detachable.

9. The in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the flow speed acceleration pipeline (18) comprises a water inlet section and a water outlet section, and the water inlet section and the water outlet section are distributed in a rotational symmetry mode around the central axis of the inner sleeve (5).

10. The use method of the in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the in-situ pollutant degradation rate measuring device comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: placing a component consisting of the bottom mudguard (11), the lower bottom lining (8), the lower bottom lining support rod (9), the outer sleeve (4), the inner sleeve (5), the upper support (1), the upper support rod (2) and the central cover plate (19) on a degradation rate determination water body, wherein the component is in a floating state, water is taken from the determination water body and slowly injected into the annular cavity between the outer sleeve (4) and the inner sleeve (5), the component gradually sinks, and when the annular cavity is filled with water, the upper support (1) is slightly higher than the water surface and covers the central cover plate (19);

step two: the water pump (17), the fluid accelerating pipeline (18) and the controller (16) are sequentially arranged on the central cover plate (19), and the inner side flow velocity probe (15) is arranged in the annular cavity between the outer sleeve (4) and the inner sleeve (5);

step three: mounting the outer flow velocity probe (14) below the buoyant outer ring (7), mounting the buoyant outer ring (7) and the jump curtain (6); the water inlet end of the sampling tube (13) is inserted into the middle of the annular cavity, and the sampling tube (13) is fixed on the upper support (1) and the buoyancy outer ring (7);

step four: the outer side flow velocity probe (14) and the inner side flow velocity probe (15) are respectively connected to the controller (16), and the controller (16) and the water pump (17) are powered on; and a water quality sample is taken through the sampling tube (13) to measure the change of the concentration of the pollutants.