CN112427893A - Manufacturing method of large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
- B23K9/044—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces
- B23K9/046—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces on surfaces of revolution
- B23K9/048—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces on surfaces of revolution on cylindrical surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder, which comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a titanium alloy cylinder blank by adopting an electric arc additive manufacturing method; secondly, performing stress relief annealing on the titanium alloy cylinder blank and then performing air cooling; thirdly, machining the titanium alloy cylinder blank to obtain a titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank; fourthly, performing multi-pass powerful hot spinning on the titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank; and fifthly, obtaining the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder through heat treatment. According to the invention, the titanium alloy cylinder blank is manufactured by adopting the electric arc additive manufacturing method, so that the manufacturing material is effectively saved, the manufacturing process is simplified, the deformation resistance is reduced by combining multi-pass strong hot spinning, the deformation of the titanium alloy which is difficult to deform is realized, the rotatability and the limiting thinning rate of the large-caliber thin-wall titanium alloy cylinder are improved, the process flow is reduced, the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder is finally obtained, and the defects of complex process and low efficiency of the traditional large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder manufacturing are overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy section bar preparation, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing a large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder.
Background
Titanium alloy has excellent properties such as high specific strength, low elastic modulus, good corrosion resistance and the like, is an important structural material, and is widely applied to various fields, particularly pipeline systems. However, the titanium alloy seamless tube has the disadvantages of high production difficulty, complex equipment, long period, low yield and high cost, and has a restriction on the application of the titanium alloy tube, especially for the tubes with special requirements such as thin-wall tubes and ultrahigh-strength tubes. The titanium alloy seamless pipe is manufactured by the methods of drilling extrusion, cross rolling perforation, rolling, drawing, spinning, machining and the like. The titanium alloy has low heat conductivity, poor metal fluidity, high activity, easy pollution and large deformation resistance, and requires a large tonnage of an extruder, so that the development of the titanium alloy extrusion technology is slow. The inclined roll perforation is easy to form surface defects, the surface quality of the manufactured pipe is difficult to ensure, and the method is suitable for forming the pipe with medium wall thickness and is not suitable for thin-wall pipes. At present, the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder is mainly manufactured by forging a rod, machining and hot spinning, and when the diameter of the cylinder exceeds 400mm, the processes of punching, forging into a ring piece, rolling a ring and the like are required to be added. The large-diameter thin-wall titanium alloy cylinder is complex in manufacturing process, low in material utilization rate and high in cost. At present, the development of titanium alloy seamless pipes is continuously developing towards high performance, low cost and functionalization, and innovative titanium alloy pipe manufacturing methods are continuously explored to simplify the process and reduce the cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a large-diameter thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder, aiming at the defects of the prior art. The method adopts the electric arc additive manufacturing method to manufacture the titanium alloy cylinder blank, effectively saves manufacturing materials, simplifies manufacturing procedures, combines multi-pass strong hot spinning, reduces deformation resistance, realizes the deformation of the titanium alloy which is difficult to deform, improves the rotatability and the limiting thinning rate of the large-caliber thin-wall titanium alloy cylinder body, reduces process flows, finally obtains the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body, and solves the defects of complex process and low efficiency of the traditional large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body manufacturing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a manufacturing method of a large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, additive manufacturing: preparing a titanium alloy cylinder blank on a substrate by adopting an electric arc additive manufacturing method;
step two, annealing: performing stress relief annealing on the titanium alloy barrel blank obtained in the step one and the substrate, and then air-cooling;
step three, machining: taking the titanium alloy cylinder blank subjected to air cooling in the step two off the substrate, machining the inner surface and the outer surface, and machining a chamfer for spinning at the head part to obtain a titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank;
step four, spinning: carrying out multi-pass powerful hot spinning on the titanium alloy spinning barrel blank obtained in the third step by adopting spinning equipment to obtain a semi-finished product of the titanium alloy barrel;
step five, subsequent treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the titanium alloy cylinder semi-finished product obtained in the fourth step, and carrying out surface cleaning after air cooling to obtain a large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder; the length of the large-caliber thin-wall titanium alloy cylinder body is 250 mm-500 mm, the inner diameter is 200 mm-500 mm, and the wall thickness is 2 mm-5 mm.
The invention adopts the electric arc additive manufacturing method to manufacture the titanium alloy cylinder blank, thereby effectively saving manufacturing materials, simplifying manufacturing procedures and reducing manufacturing cost, after annealing and machining, the titanium alloy cylinder blank is subjected to multi-pass powerful hot spinning, the characteristic of point-by-point local deformation of the powerful spinning is utilized, the thick electric arc additive manufacturing structure in the titanium alloy cylinder blank is effectively broken, the deformation resistance is reduced, the deformation of the titanium alloy which is difficult to deform is realized, meanwhile, the compaction welding is carried out on the residual internal defects in the obtained titanium alloy semi-finished product, the rotatability and the limiting thinning rate of the titanium alloy cylinder blank are improved, the process flow is reduced, the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body is finally obtained, and the defects of complex process and low efficiency in the manufacturing of the traditional large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body are solved.
The manufacturing method of the large-diameter thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder is characterized in that the welding wire adopted in the electric arc additive manufacturing method in the step one is a titanium alloy wire with the diameter of 1.2-1.6 mm, the welding speed is 3-8 mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 20-40 mm/s, the current is 100-180A, and the welding is carried out under the argon protective atmosphere. The optimized welding wire and the corresponding process parameters ensure the complete melting of the welding wire, improve the welding efficiency, effectively reduce the heat input on the basis of ensuring the forming of the titanium alloy cylinder blank, and improve the quality and the performance of the titanium alloy cylinder blank.
The manufacturing method of the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder is characterized in that the temperature of the stress relief annealing in the second step is 500-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-1 h. The optimized stress relief annealing temperature and the heat preservation time effectively eliminate the residual stress in the titanium alloy tube blank manufactured by the electric arc additive manufacturing, and avoid the subsequent machining deformation.
The manufacturing method of the large-diameter thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder is characterized in that the wire feeding angle adjusting device adopted in the electric arc additive manufacturing method in the step one is a spring with the wire diameter of 1mm, and the wire feeding angle is 15 degrees +/-2 degrees. The wire diameter of the spring is preferably selected, so that the wire feeding angle is automatically adjusted within a small range when the wire feeding angle is stressed, the slight fluctuation of the welding height caused by uneven formed welding beads in the electric arc additive manufacturing process is adapted, the welding wire is ensured to form a bridge with the welding beads to enter a molten pool all the time in the melting process, and the forming quality of the titanium alloy barrel blank is improved.
The manufacturing method of the large-diameter thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder is characterized in that the total deformation rate of the multi-pass powerful hot spinning in the fourth step is 40-60%, wherein the spinning temperature of the first pass powerful hot spinning is 500-600 ℃, the spinning temperature of the middle pass is 400-500 ℃, and the spinning temperature of the final pass is 200-300 ℃. The optimized total deformation rate ensures that crystal grains in the titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank are fully crushed after multi-pass strong hot spinning, and the performance of a semi-finished product of the titanium alloy cylinder body is improved; meanwhile, as the titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank is gradually thinned along with the proceeding of the powerful hot spinning pass, the pass deformation is generally reduced, the optimized spinning temperature is in a reduction trend, the surface oxidation of the titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank after the powerful hot spinning is favorably reduced, and the heating cost is saved.
The manufacturing method of the large-diameter thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder is characterized in that the pass reduction rate of the multi-pass strong hot spinning in the fourth step is 10% -20%, and the total deformation rate is 40% -60%. The optimized technological parameters ensure the smooth thinning and forming process of the titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank.
The manufacturing method of the large-diameter thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder is characterized in that the spinning equipment in the fourth step is a horizontal powerful spinning machine, the spinning is carried out in a double-wheel reverse spinning or forward spinning mode, and the spinning wheel is a double-cone spinning wheel. The optimized spinning equipment has stable and reliable operation and high efficiency, and the titanium alloy cylinder semi-finished product obtained after spinning has high surface smoothness and is not deformed.
The manufacturing method of the large-diameter thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder is characterized in that molybdenum disulfide, FR2 paint or graphite emulsion is used as a lubricant in the multi-pass strong hot spinning process in the fourth step. The preferred lubricants have good high temperature adhesion, low coefficient of friction, and good release properties.
The manufacturing method of the large-diameter thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder is characterized in that in the fifth step, the temperature of the heat treatment is 500-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-1 h. The optimized heat treatment process parameters effectively eliminate the residual stress generated by spinning, and simultaneously reduce the surface oxidation degree and performance reduction of the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body by shorter heat preservation time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the titanium alloy cylinder blank is manufactured by adopting the electric arc additive manufacturing method, so that the manufacturing material is effectively saved, the manufacturing process is simplified, the manufacturing cost is effectively reduced, the deformation resistance is reduced by combining multi-pass powerful hot spinning, the deformation of the titanium alloy which is difficult to deform is realized, the rotatability and the limiting thinning rate of the large-caliber thin-wall titanium alloy cylinder body are improved, the process flow is reduced, the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body is finally obtained, and the defects of complex process and low efficiency in the manufacturing process of the traditional large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body are solved.
2. Compared with the traditional titanium alloy tube blank, the tube blank manufactured by adopting the electric arc additive manufacturing method can save more than 60% of materials and greatly reduce the cost of raw materials.
3. The manufacturing method is simple and flexible, and various titanium alloy thin-wall cylinders with different sizes and meeting technical requirements can be manufactured.
4. The invention has the advantages of short production process flow, high yield, low cost and obvious economic effect.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a manufacturing process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention of an arc additive manufacturing method for manufacturing a titanium alloy cylinder blank.
Fig. 3a is a schematic diagram of the reverse spinning principle of the horizontal power spinning machine used in embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of the forward spinning principle of the horizontal power spinning machine used in embodiments 4 to 5 of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a welding robot; 2-a positioner; 3-a substrate; 4, a workpiece;
5-tungsten electrode; 6-a spring; 7, feeding a filament head; 8-titanium alloy wire;
9-argon arc welding machine; 10-a discharge ring; 11-spinning the cylinder blank; 12-a heating gun;
13-spinning wheel; 14-spinning mould; 15-tail ejector rod; 16-tail top block.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the manufacturing process of the present invention is: firstly, a titanium alloy cylinder blank is manufactured by adopting an electric arc material increase manufacturing method, machining is carried out after stress relief annealing, then spinning is carried out, and subsequent treatment is carried out to obtain the large-caliber thin-wall titanium alloy cylinder.
As shown in fig. 2, the principle of manufacturing the titanium alloy tube blank by the arc additive manufacturing method of the present invention is as follows: the negative pole of the argon arc welding machine 9 is connected with a welding gun 5, the positive pole is connected with a position changer 2, a substrate 3 is horizontally fixed on the position changer 2, the welding gun 5 is fixed at the front end of a mechanical arm of a welding robot 1, the welding gun 5 is connected with a wire feeding frame of a wire feeding device, one end of the wire feeding frame is connected with a wire feeding head 7 through an adjustable connecting frame, a titanium alloy wire 8 filled in the wire feeding head 7 is hung in front of a muzzle of the welding gun 5, and a spring 6 is arranged at the connecting part of the wire feeding frame and the adjustable connecting frame; in the electric arc additive manufacturing process, an argon arc welding machine 9 is controlled to enable a welding gun 5 to be in an arc striking state and generate electric arcs at a muzzle of the welding gun 5, a wire feeding head 7 drives a titanium alloy wire 8 to be fed into the electric arcs and melted, the melted titanium alloy wire 8 is controlled to enter a molten pool in a bridging mode through a spring 6 and to be solidified and deposited on a substrate 3, meanwhile, a position changer 2 is started to rotate, so that the substrate 3 is driven to rotate, and the titanium alloy wire 8 is continuously deposited and solidified on the surface of the rotating substrate 3 after being melted to form a single-layer deposition body; and then, a welding gun 5 is driven to automatically lift by controlling a mechanical arm of the welding robot 1, melting and deposition are continuously carried out to form a single-layer deposition body, continuous forming without arc stopping is realized, and the single-layer deposition body is stacked to obtain a workpiece 4, namely a titanium alloy cylinder blank.
The welding Robot 1 adopted in the invention is of a FANUC Robot M10iA type, the argon arc welding machine 9 is of an OTC DT315P type, and the positioner 2 is of a HD-100 type.
As shown in fig. 3a, the reverse spinning working principle of the horizontal power spinning machine used in embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention is as follows: uniformly coating a lubricant on the outer surface of a spinning die 14 of a horizontal powerful spinning machine and the inner surface of a spinning cylinder blank 11, sleeving the spinning cylinder blank 11 with the lubricant coated on the inner surface on the spinning die 14 with the lubricant coated on the outer surface, contacting one end of the spinning cylinder blank 11 with a discharge ring 10, tightly pushing a tail ejector rod 15, setting the distance between a spinning wheel 13 and the spinning die 14, the rotating speed of a main shaft of the horizontal powerful spinning machine and the advancing speed of the spinning wheel 13, starting a heating gun 12 to heat the spinning cylinder blank 11, starting the horizontal powerful spinning machine to spin, and taking the spun spinning cylinder blank 11 off from the spinning die 14 after spinning.
As shown in fig. 3b, the forward spinning working principle of the horizontal power spinning machine used in embodiments 4 to 5 of the present invention is as follows: uniformly coating a lubricant on the outer surface of a spinning die 14 of a horizontal powerful spinning machine and the inner surface of a spinning cylinder blank 11, then sleeving the spinning cylinder blank 11 with the lubricant coated on the inner surface on the spinning die 14 with the lubricant coated on the outer surface, tightly pushing a tail jacking block 16, setting the distance between a spinning wheel 13 and the spinning die 14, the rotating speed of a main shaft of the horizontal powerful spinning machine and the advancing speed of the spinning wheel 13, starting a heating gun 12 to heat the spinning cylinder blank 11, starting the horizontal powerful spinning machine to spin, and taking the spun spinning cylinder blank 11 off from the spinning die 14 after spinning is finished.
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, additive manufacturing: preparing a titanium alloy cylinder blank on a substrate by adopting an electric arc additive manufacturing method; the specific process of the electric arc additive manufacturing method is as follows: adopting a TC4 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 15mm as a substrate, adopting a TC4 titanium alloy wire with the diameter of 1.2mm as a welding wire, wherein the welding wire is always in the right front of the welding direction, adopting a wire feeding angle adjusting device which adopts a spring with the wire diameter of 1mm, the wire feeding angle is 15 degrees +/-2 degrees, the welding distance between a welding tungsten electrode and a welding bead is 3-5 mm, the manufacturing process is carried out under the argon protective atmosphere, the welding speed is 5mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 30mm/s, the welding current adopted by electric arc additive manufacturing is 100A, controlling the time of rotating a position changer for one circle to be consistent with the lifting interval of a welding gun, automatically lifting the welding gun after printing one circle, realizing continuous arc continuous forming, and obtaining a linear titanium alloy barrel blank with the inner diameter of 198mm, the wall thickness of 5.5mm and the length;
step two, annealing: placing the titanium alloy barrel blank obtained in the step one and the substrate in an electric heating furnace, performing stress relief annealing, and then air-cooling; the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5 h;
step three, machining: taking the titanium alloy cylinder blank subjected to air cooling in the step two off the substrate, machining the inner surface and the outer surface, machining a chamfer angle for spinning at the head part, and obtaining the titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank with the inner diameter of 200mm and the wall thickness of 3.5 mm;
step four, spinning: carrying out three times of powerful hot spinning on the titanium alloy spinning barrel blank obtained in the third step by adopting spinning equipment to obtain a semi-finished product of the titanium alloy barrel; the spinning equipment is a horizontal powerful spinning machine, double wheels are adopted for spinning in a reverse spinning mode, and the spinning wheel is a double-conical spinning wheel; the three-pass powerful hot spinning process comprises the following specific steps: FR2 coating is coated on the outer surface of a spinning die of a horizontal powerful spinning machine and the inner surface of a titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank, the rotating speed n of a main shaft of the horizontal powerful spinning machine is regulated to be 30r/min, the feeding ratio is 4.5mm/r, the spinning temperature is controlled by adjusting the flame of a heating gun in the spinning process, the first spinning temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃, the second spinning temperature is 400 +/-10 ℃, the third spinning temperature is 200 +/-10 ℃, the reduction rate of each pass is 17 percent, and the accumulated total deformation rate is 43 percent;
step five, subsequent treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the titanium alloy cylinder semi-finished product obtained in the fourth step, and carrying out surface cleaning after air cooling to obtain a large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder; the temperature of the heat treatment is 500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5h, the length of the large-caliber thin-wall titanium alloy cylinder body is 250mm, the inner diameter is 200mm, and the wall thickness is 2 mm.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, additive manufacturing: preparing a titanium alloy cylinder blank on a substrate by adopting an electric arc additive manufacturing method; the specific process of the electric arc additive manufacturing method is as follows: adopting a TC4 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 15mm as a substrate, adopting a TC4 titanium alloy wire with the diameter of 1.5mm as a welding wire, wherein the welding wire is always in the right front of the welding direction, adopting a wire feeding angle adjusting device which adopts a spring with the wire diameter of 1mm, the wire feeding angle is 15 degrees +/-2 degrees, the welding distance between a welding tungsten electrode and a welding bead is 3-5 mm, the manufacturing process is carried out under the argon protective atmosphere, the welding speed is 4mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 20mm/s, the welding current adopted by electric arc additive manufacturing is 120A, controlling the time of rotating a shifter for one circle to be consistent with the lifting interval of a welding gun, automatically lifting the welding gun after printing one circle, realizing continuous arc continuous forming, and obtaining a linear titanium alloy barrel blank with the inner diameter of 298mm, the wall thickness of 8mm and the length of;
step two, annealing: placing the titanium alloy barrel blank obtained in the step one and the substrate in an electric heating furnace, performing stress relief annealing, and then air-cooling; the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 550 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h;
step three, machining: taking the titanium alloy cylinder blank subjected to air cooling in the step two off the substrate, machining the inner surface and the outer surface, machining a chamfer for spinning at the head part, and obtaining the titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank with the inner diameter of 300mm and the wall thickness of 6 mm;
step four, spinning: carrying out three times of powerful hot spinning on the titanium alloy spinning barrel blank obtained in the third step by adopting spinning equipment to obtain a semi-finished product of the titanium alloy barrel; the spinning equipment is a horizontal powerful spinning machine, double wheels are adopted for spinning in a reverse spinning mode, and the spinning wheel is a double-conical spinning wheel; the three-pass powerful hot spinning process comprises the following specific steps: FR2 coating is coated on the outer surface of a spinning die of a horizontal powerful spinning machine and the inner surface of a titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank, the rotating speed n of a main shaft of the horizontal powerful spinning machine is adjusted to be 25 r/min-30 r/min, the feeding ratio is 4mm/r, the spinning temperature is controlled by adjusting the flame of a heating gun in the spinning process, the first spinning temperature is 550 +/-10 ℃, the second spinning temperature is 450 +/-10 ℃, the third spinning temperature is 250 +/-10 ℃, the reduction rate of each pass is 20%, and the accumulated total deformation rate is 50%;
step five, subsequent treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the titanium alloy cylinder semi-finished product obtained in the fourth step, and carrying out surface cleaning after air cooling to obtain a large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder; the temperature of the heat treatment is 500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5h, the length of the large-caliber thin-wall titanium alloy cylinder is 500mm, the inner diameter is 300mm, and the wall thickness is 3 mm.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, additive manufacturing: preparing a titanium alloy cylinder blank on a substrate by adopting an electric arc additive manufacturing method; the specific process of the electric arc additive manufacturing method is as follows: adopting a TC4 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 20mm as a substrate, adopting a TC4 titanium alloy wire with the diameter of 1.5mm as a welding wire, wherein the welding wire is always in the right front of the welding direction, adopting a wire feeding angle adjusting device which adopts a spring with the wire diameter of 1mm, the wire feeding angle is 15 degrees +/-2 degrees, the welding distance between a welding tungsten electrode and a welding bead is 3-5 mm, the manufacturing process is carried out under the argon protection atmosphere, the welding speed is 4mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 30mm/s, the welding current adopted by electric arc additive manufacturing is 140A, the time of controlling a position changer to rotate for one circle is consistent with the lifting interval of a welding gun, the welding gun is automatically lifted after printing for one circle, the continuous arc continuous forming is realized, and the linear titanium alloy barrel blank with the inner diameter of 498mm, the wall thickness of 10 mm;
step two, annealing: placing the titanium alloy barrel blank obtained in the step one and the substrate in an electric heating furnace, performing stress relief annealing, and then air-cooling; the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h;
step three, machining: taking the titanium alloy cylinder blank subjected to air cooling in the step two off the substrate, machining the inner surface and the outer surface, machining a chamfer for spinning at the head part, and obtaining the titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank with the inner diameter of 500mm and the wall thickness of 8 mm;
step four, spinning: carrying out four-pass powerful hot spinning on the titanium alloy spinning barrel blank obtained in the third step by adopting spinning equipment to obtain a semi-finished product of the titanium alloy barrel; the spinning equipment is a horizontal powerful spinning machine, double wheels are adopted for spinning in a reverse spinning mode, and the spinning wheel is a double-conical spinning wheel; the four-pass powerful hot spinning process comprises the following specific steps: FR2 coating is coated on the outer surface of a spinning die of a horizontal powerful spinning machine and the inner surface of a titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank, the rotating speed n of a main shaft of the horizontal powerful spinning machine is adjusted to be 25r/min, the feeding ratio is 3.5mm/r, the spinning temperature is controlled by adjusting the flame of a heating gun in the spinning process, the first spinning temperature is 600 +/-10 ℃, the second and third spinning temperatures are both 500 +/-10 ℃, the fourth spinning temperature is 300 +/-10 ℃, the reduction rate of each pass is 15%, and the accumulated total deformation rate is 50%;
step five, subsequent treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the titanium alloy cylinder semi-finished product obtained in the fourth step, and carrying out surface cleaning after air cooling to obtain a large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder; the temperature of the heat treatment is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1h, the length of the large-caliber thin-wall titanium alloy cylinder body is 300mm, the inner diameter is 500mm, and the wall thickness is 4 mm.
Example 4
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, additive manufacturing: preparing a titanium alloy cylinder blank on a substrate by adopting an electric arc additive manufacturing method; the specific process of the electric arc additive manufacturing method is as follows: adopting a TC4 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 15mm as a base plate, adopting a TC4 titanium alloy wire with the diameter of 1.6mm as a welding wire, wherein the welding wire is always in the right front of the welding direction, adopting a wire feeding angle adjusting device which adopts a spring with the wire diameter of 1mm, the wire feeding angle is 15 degrees +/-2 degrees, the welding tungsten electrode is 3 mm-5 mm away from a welding bead, the manufacturing process is carried out under the argon protection atmosphere, the welding speed is 8mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 20mm/s, the welding current adopted by electric arc additive manufacturing is 160A, controlling the time of rotating a shifter for one circle to be consistent with the lifting interval of a welding gun, automatically lifting the welding gun after printing one circle, realizing continuous arc continuous forming, and obtaining a linear titanium alloy barrel blank with the inner diameter of 398mm, the wall thickness of 7mm and the length of 120 mm;
step two, annealing: placing the titanium alloy barrel blank obtained in the step one and the substrate in an electric heating furnace, performing stress relief annealing, and then air-cooling; the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 550 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h;
step three, machining: taking the titanium alloy cylinder blank subjected to air cooling in the step two off the substrate, machining the inner surface and the outer surface, machining a chamfer for spinning at the head part, and obtaining the titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank with the inner diameter of 400mm and the wall thickness of 5 mm;
step four, spinning: carrying out four-pass powerful hot spinning on the titanium alloy spinning barrel blank obtained in the third step by adopting spinning equipment to obtain a semi-finished product of the titanium alloy barrel; the spinning equipment is a horizontal powerful spinning machine, two wheels are adopted to carry out spinning in a forward spinning mode, and the spinning wheel is a double-conical spinning wheel; the four-pass powerful hot spinning process comprises the following specific steps: coating graphite emulsion on the outer surface of a spinning die of a horizontal powerful spinning machine and the inner surface of a titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank, adjusting the rotating speed n of a main shaft of the horizontal powerful spinning machine to be 30r/min, and the feeding ratio to be 4mm/r, controlling the spinning temperature by adjusting the flame of a heating gun in the spinning process, wherein the first spinning temperature is 600 +/-10 ℃, the second spinning temperature and the third spinning temperature are both 450 +/-10 ℃, the fourth spinning temperature is 250 +/-10 ℃, the reduction rate of each pass is 20%, and the accumulated total deformation rate is 60%;
step five, subsequent treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the titanium alloy cylinder semi-finished product obtained in the fourth step, and carrying out surface cleaning after air cooling to obtain a large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder; the temperature of the heat treatment is 500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5h, the length of the large-caliber thin-wall titanium alloy cylinder body is 300mm, the inner diameter is 400mm, and the wall thickness is 2 mm.
Example 5
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, additive manufacturing: preparing a titanium alloy cylinder blank on a substrate by adopting an electric arc additive manufacturing method; the specific process of the electric arc additive manufacturing method is as follows: adopting a TC4 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 20mm as a base plate, adopting a TC4 titanium alloy wire with the diameter of 1.6mm as a welding wire, wherein the welding wire is always in the right front of the welding direction, adopting a wire feeding angle adjusting device which adopts a spring with the wire diameter of 1mm, the wire feeding angle is 15 degrees +/-2 degrees, the welding tungsten electrode distance from a welding bead is 3 mm-5 mm, the manufacturing process is carried out under the argon protection atmosphere, the welding speed is 3mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 40mm/s, the welding current adopted by electric arc additive manufacturing is 180A, controlling the time of rotating a shifter for one circle to be consistent with the lifting interval of a welding gun, automatically lifting the welding gun after printing one circle, realizing continuous arc continuous forming, and obtaining a linear titanium alloy barrel blank with the inner diameter of mm, the wall thickness of 10mm and the length of 150 mm;
step two, annealing: placing the titanium alloy barrel blank obtained in the step one and the substrate in an electric heating furnace, performing stress relief annealing, and then air-cooling; the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h;
step three, machining: taking the titanium alloy cylinder blank subjected to air cooling in the step two off the substrate, machining the inner surface and the outer surface, machining a chamfer angle for spinning at the head part, and obtaining the titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank with the inner diameter of 400mm and the wall thickness of 8.3 mm;
step four, spinning: carrying out four-pass powerful hot spinning on the titanium alloy spinning barrel blank obtained in the third step by adopting spinning equipment to obtain a semi-finished product of the titanium alloy barrel; the spinning equipment is a horizontal powerful spinning machine, two wheels are adopted to carry out spinning in a forward spinning mode, and the spinning wheel is a double-conical spinning wheel; the four-pass powerful hot spinning process comprises the following specific steps: coating molybdenum disulfide on the outer surface of a spinning die of a horizontal powerful spinning machine and the inner surface of a titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank, adjusting the rotating speed n of a main shaft of the horizontal powerful spinning machine to be 25r/min, wherein the feeding ratio is 3.5mm/r, the spinning temperature is controlled by adjusting the flame of a heating gun in the spinning process, the first-pass spinning temperature is 600 +/-10 ℃, the first-pass reduction rate is 14%, the second-pass spinning temperature is 500 +/-10 ℃, the second-pass reduction rate is 14%, the third-pass spinning temperature is 400 +/-10 ℃, the third-pass reduction rate is 10%, the fourth-pass spinning temperature is 250 +/-10 ℃, the fourth-pass reduction rate is 10%, and the cumulative total deformation rate is 40%;
step five, subsequent treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the titanium alloy cylinder semi-finished product obtained in the fourth step, and carrying out surface cleaning after air cooling to obtain a large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder; the temperature of the heat treatment is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5h, the length of the large-caliber thin-wall titanium alloy cylinder body is 250mm, the inner diameter is 400mm, and the wall thickness is 5 mm.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A manufacturing method of a large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, additive manufacturing: preparing a titanium alloy cylinder blank on a substrate by adopting an electric arc additive manufacturing method;
step two, annealing: performing stress relief annealing on the titanium alloy barrel blank obtained in the step one and the substrate, and then air-cooling;
step three, machining: taking the titanium alloy cylinder blank subjected to air cooling in the step two off the substrate, machining the inner surface and the outer surface, and machining a chamfer for spinning at the head part to obtain a titanium alloy spinning cylinder blank;
step four, spinning: carrying out multi-pass powerful hot spinning on the titanium alloy spinning barrel blank obtained in the third step by adopting spinning equipment to obtain a semi-finished product of the titanium alloy barrel;
step five, subsequent treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the titanium alloy cylinder semi-finished product obtained in the fourth step, and carrying out surface cleaning after air cooling to obtain a large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder; the length of the large-caliber thin-wall titanium alloy cylinder body is 250 mm-500 mm, the inner diameter is 200 mm-500 mm, and the wall thickness is 2 mm-5 mm.
2. The manufacturing method of the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the welding wire adopted in the electric arc additive manufacturing method in the step one is a titanium alloy wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm-1.6 mm, the welding speed is 3 mm/s-8 mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 20 mm/s-40 mm/s, and the current is 100A-180A, and the welding is carried out under the argon protection atmosphere.
3. The manufacturing method of the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the stress relief annealing in the second step is 500-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-1 h.
4. The manufacturing method of a large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the wire feeding angle adjusting device adopted in the electric arc additive manufacturing method in the first step is a spring with a wire diameter of 1mm, and the wire feeding angle is 15 ° ± 2 °.
5. The manufacturing method of the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body according to claim 1, wherein the total deformation rate of the multi-pass high-power hot spinning in the fourth step is 40-60%, wherein the spinning temperature of the first pass high-power hot spinning is 500-600 ℃, the spinning temperature of the middle pass is 400-500 ℃, and the spinning temperature of the final pass is 200-300 ℃.
6. The method for manufacturing the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body according to claim 1, wherein the pass reduction rate of the multi-pass high-strength hot spinning in the fourth step is 10-20%, and the total deformation rate is 40-60%.
7. The method for manufacturing the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body according to claim 1, wherein the spinning equipment in the fourth step is a horizontal powerful spinning machine, and the spinning is carried out in a double-wheel reverse spinning or forward spinning mode, wherein the spinning wheel is a double-cone spinning wheel.
8. The method for manufacturing the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body according to claim 1, wherein molybdenum disulfide, FR2 paint or graphite emulsion is used as a lubricant in the multi-pass high-power hot spinning process in the fourth step.
9. The manufacturing method of the large-caliber thin-wall seamless titanium alloy cylinder body according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heat treatment in the fifth step is 500-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-1 h.
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