CN112427557B - Forming and shape-preserving heat treatment method for aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component - Google Patents
Forming and shape-preserving heat treatment method for aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component Download PDFInfo
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- CN112427557B CN112427557B CN202011261428.3A CN202011261428A CN112427557B CN 112427557 B CN112427557 B CN 112427557B CN 202011261428 A CN202011261428 A CN 202011261428A CN 112427557 B CN112427557 B CN 112427557B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
- B21D39/02—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of sheet metal by folding, e.g. connecting edges of a sheet to form a cylinder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
The invention relates to a forming and conformal heat treatment method of an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component, which comprises the following steps: respectively coating solder resist on two end faces of the first tool, the second tool and the third tool, and then sequentially stacking the two end faces in a die for first heating and pressurizing treatment to obtain a heat treatment tool of the first tool and a heat treatment tool of the third tool; placing the superplastic plate made of the aluminum-based composite material and the punched third tool into a die for secondary heating and pressurizing treatment to obtain an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component; stacking the first tool, the third tool and the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component in a set sequence to form a three-layer structure; and cooling after the three-layer structure is subjected to heat treatment to obtain the target aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component. The forming and conformal heat treatment method of the aluminum-based alloy complex structure thin-wall component aims to solve the problem that the aluminum-based alloy complex structure thin-wall component is easy to deform in the heat treatment process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field, in particular to a forming and shape-preserving heat treatment method for an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component.
Background
Aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy, aluminum matrix composite material and the like have the advantages of small specific gravity, high strength, good processing performance and the like, and are widely applied to the aerospace industry, civil transportation tools and the like. The complex thin-wall component is softened in the high-temperature heat treatment process, and a large amount of deformation is generated in the tapping cooling process, especially the quenching process, so that the accurate size and shape precision is difficult to maintain.
At present, the heat treatment method of the complex thin-wall component made of aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy and aluminum matrix composite material generally adopts a process route of firstly heat treating a plate and then forming, or adopts a process route of firstly forming and then heat treating, and then carries out sectional shape correction and tool dimension shape maintenance on the deformed component. In addition, a high molecular polymer quenching medium is used as a quenching agent instead of water to reduce the deformation of parts. At present, most of the heat treatment methods in the literature stay in the test piece level research in a laboratory, and the research aiming at engineering application of large-size thin-wall components is less. Therefore, it is a challenge to control the deformation of the complex-shaped surface thin-wall member in the heat treatment and improve the mechanical properties of the material.
In order to realize the heat treatment of the complex-shaped thin-wall components made of materials such as aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy, aluminum-based composite material and the like, and obtain better mechanical properties while ensuring that the structure is not deformed, the prior art methods have defects. If a process route of firstly heat treating the plate and then forming is adopted, the deformation problem of the component in the heat treatment process can be effectively improved, but the mechanical property of the heat treated plate is improved, the superplastic property is influenced, and the forming difficulty is greatly increased; in addition, the mechanical property of the material is reduced in the superplastic deformation process, and the mechanical property of the initial plate after heat treatment is difficult to maintain, so that the heat treatment mode is not suitable for superplastic formed components. In the other part of research, after forming and reheating treatment, a method for heating and correcting deformed parts in sections and then maintaining the shape by a tool is adopted to ensure that a complex thin-wall component has difference in deformation conditions, the shape correcting process is complex, the processing time is long, residual stress is generated in the shape correcting process, and the advantages of the superplastic forming process are lost. In addition, part of the parts adopt high molecular polymer quenching media to replace water quenching to reduce part deformation, but the cooling capacity of the parts is poorer than that of water, the quenching efficiency is reduced, and the parts are difficult to obtain the optimal mechanical properties.
Therefore, the inventor provides a forming and conformal heat treatment method for the aluminum-based alloy thin-wall component with the complex structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides a forming and shape-preserving heat treatment method of an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component, which is characterized in that three layers of high-temperature-resistant material plates such as titanium alloy, duplex stainless steel or high-temperature alloy and the like are formed by a superplastic forming process, an upper layer and a lower layer are taken as heat treatment tools, a lower layer tool is taken as an inner layer of a lower die, the complex-structure component of the aluminum alloy, the aluminum-lithium alloy or the aluminum-based composite material is prepared by a superplastic forming method, and the formed alloy component is placed between the two layers of heat treatment tools, so that the technical problem that the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component is easy to deform in the heat treatment process is solved.
(II) technical scheme
The embodiment of the invention provides a forming and conformal heat treatment method of an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively coating solder resist on two end faces of a first tool, a second tool and a third tool, then sequentially stacking the two end faces in a mold for first heating and pressurizing treatment to obtain a heat treatment tool of the first tool and a heat treatment tool of the third tool, wherein the three tools are all made of superplastic alloy plates;
(2) Taking out the cooled first tool, the cooled second tool and the cooled third tool, and putting the aluminum-based composite superplastic plate and the perforated third tool into the mold for secondary heating and pressurizing treatment to obtain an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component;
(3) Stacking the first tool, the third tool and the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component in a set sequence to form a three-layer structure;
(4) And cooling after heat treatment of the three-layer structure to obtain the target aluminum-based alloy thin-wall component with the complex structure.
Further, in step (1), the first tool, the second tool and the third tool are sequentially stacked in the mold for first heating and pressurizing treatment, specifically:
and heating the first tool, the second tool and the third tool to a first set temperature, keeping the temperature for a first set time, then starting pressurizing to a first set pressure, and keeping the pressure for a second set time.
Further, the first set temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the first set time is 10-30 min, the first set pressure is 0-2MPa, and the second set time is 15-60 min.
Further, in step (2), the aluminum matrix composite superplastic plate and the punched third tool are placed into the die to be heated and pressurized for the second time, specifically:
and heating the aluminum-based composite superplastic plate and the punched third tool to a second set temperature, keeping the temperature for a third set time, then starting pressurizing to a second set pressure, and keeping the pressure for a fourth set time.
Further, the second set temperature is 450-550 ℃, the third set time is 10-30 min, the second set pressure is 0-2MPa, and the fourth set time is 15-60 min.
And further, solder resist is coated on the aluminum-based composite material superplastic plate and the two end faces of the third tool after the hole is punched.
Further, in step (3), the stacking the first tool, the third tool and the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component in a set order specifically includes:
and stacking the first tool, the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component and the third tool from top to bottom in sequence.
Further, in the step (3), heat conduction materials are coated on the two end faces of the first tool, the third tool and the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component.
Further, before step (1), the method further comprises:
and determining the set parameters of the die according to the structural surface of the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component.
Further, in the step (4), cooling is performed after the heat treatment of the three-layer structure, specifically:
and carrying out heat preservation and post-cooling treatment according to the solid solution temperature and the target solid solution time of the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component in a fifth set time.
(III) advantageous effects
In summary, the invention forms three layers of high temperature resistant material plates such as titanium alloy, duplex stainless steel or high temperature alloy by the superplastic forming process, takes the upper layer and the lower layer as heat treatment tools, takes the lower layer as the inner layer of the lower die, prepares the complex structural member of aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy or aluminum matrix composite by the superplastic forming method, and places the formed alloy member between the two layers of heat treatment tools, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency compared with the common heat treatment tools, effectively preventing the deformation of the member in the heat treatment process and realizing the precise control of the complex surface.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a forming and conformal heat treatment method for an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component before being formed by a heat treatment tool in a forming and conformal heat treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat treatment tool after forming in a forming and conformal heat treatment method for an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component before forming in a forming and conformal heat treatment method for the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component after being formed in a forming and conformal heat treatment method for the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat treatment tool assembly with a three-layer structure in a forming and conformal heat treatment method for an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a heat treatment tool and a heating process of a component in a heating furnace in a forming and conformal heat treatment method for an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a water quenching process of a heat treatment tool and a member in a forming and conformal heat treatment method for an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum-based alloy complex-structured thin-walled component in a forming and conformal heat treatment method for the aluminum-based alloy complex-structured thin-walled component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
101-a first tool; 102-a second tool; 103-a third tool; 201-upper mould; 202-lower mould; 301-inlet ports; 302-vent hole; 4-graphite; 5-heat treatment furnace; 6-three-layer structure; 7-a quenching agent; 8-aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall components; 9-aluminum-based composite superplastic plate.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a forming and conformal heat treatment method for an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall member before being formed by a heat treatment tool in a forming and conformal heat treatment method, as shown in fig. 2, step S1 includes coating solder resist on both end surfaces of a first tool 101, a second tool 102, and a third tool 103, respectively, and then sequentially stacking the two end surfaces in a mold for first heating and pressurizing treatment, so as to obtain a heat treatment tool of the first tool 101 and a heat treatment tool of the third tool 103, where all three tools are made of superplastic alloy plates.
In this step, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat treatment tool after being formed in a forming and conformal heat treatment method for an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the die includes an upper die 201 and a lower die 202, the upper die 201 is buckled on the lower die 202 to form the die, meanwhile, an air inlet 301 is disposed on the upper die 201, an air outlet 302 is disposed on the lower die 202, a use temperature of a tool material is higher than a temperature of the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component, a titanium alloy, a duplex stainless steel, a high temperature alloy, or the like can be selected, a plate thickness is between 1 mm and 5mm, it is avoided that a heat transfer effect is affected due to insufficient rigidity or too thick because the thickness is too thin, a thickness of the second tool 102 is consistent with a thickness of a structural member plate, and solder resists are coated on two sides of each plate to prevent diffusion connection. The temperature is raised to the optimum superplastic forming temperature of the heat treatment tool material, and the temperature is generally in the range of 800-1000 ℃. And (3) keeping the temperature for 10-30 min, then starting pressurization, controlling the pressurization speed to be less than 0.04MPa/min and the pressure to be 0-2MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 15-60 min to obtain the two-layer heat treatment tool of the first tool 101 and the third tool 103.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall member before forming in a forming and conformal heat treatment method for an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall member according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall member after forming in a forming and conformal heat treatment method for an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall member according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown in fig. 4 and 5, step S2, taking out the cooled first tool 101, second tool 102 and third tool 103, and putting the aluminum-based composite superplastic plate 9 and the perforated third tool 103 into a mold for second heating and pressurization to obtain the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component 8.
In the step, after cooling, opening the furnace and taking out three layers of tool components, punching a third tool 103 at the position of an air outlet hole of the mold, putting the third tool back into the mold, putting an aluminum alloy, an aluminum lithium alloy or an aluminum-based composite material superplastic plate 9 into the mold, coating solder resist on two sides of each layer of plate to prevent the plates from being mutually diffused and connected at high temperature, heating to the superplastic forming optimal temperature of the selected material, keeping the temperature for 10-30 min at 450-550 ℃, then starting pressurizing, controlling the pressurizing speed to be lower than 0.04MPa/min, keeping the pressure at 0-2MPa, maintaining the pressure for 15-60 min, completing the superplastic forming of the aluminum-based alloy complex structure thin-wall component 8, and taking out the aluminum-based alloy complex structure thin-wall component 8 and the third tool 103 after cooling.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the assembly of the heat treatment tool with a three-layer structure in the forming and conformal heat treatment method for the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6, step S3 is to stack the first tool 101, the third tool 103, and the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component 8 in a set order to form the three-layer structure 6.
In the step, the tool and the components are stacked from top to bottom according to the sequence of the first tool 101, the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component 8 and the third tool 103, the two sides of each layer of the components are coated with heat conducting materials, particularly graphite 4 can be selected, the generation of gaps caused by the difference of thermal expansion coefficients is prevented, the heat transfer efficiency is reduced, plates can be prevented from being mutually diffusion-connected at high temperature, and the plates are fixed by screws.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a heat treatment tool and a heating process of a member in a heating furnace in a forming and shape-preserving heat treatment method for an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall member according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a water quenching process of a heat treatment tool and a member in a forming and shape-preserving heat treatment method for an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall member according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall member in a forming and shape-preserving heat treatment method for an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall member according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 7-9, step S4 is to perform cooling after heat treatment of a three-layer structure, and a target aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall member is obtained.
In the step, the three-layer structure 6 is placed into a heat treatment furnace 5 for heat treatment, heat preservation is carried out according to the solid solution temperature and the optimal solid solution time of the component material, the three-layer structure 6 is taken out after a certain time, cooling in different modes such as water cooling, oil cooling, air cooling or furnace cooling is carried out according to performance requirements, the three-layer structure 6 is placed into a quenching agent 7 together for quenching or cooling in the air, screws are taken down to separate the three-layer structure 6, the thin-wall component 8 with the aluminum-based alloy complex structure is obtained, and the heat treatment tool on the upper layer and the lower layer can be recycled.
If the subsequent aging treatment is needed, the three-layer structure 6 can be placed into a heat treatment furnace, the whole structure is taken out after heat preservation is carried out for a certain time, and then the three-layer structure 6 is separated by taking down the screws after air cooling is carried out to the room temperature.
As a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the first tool 101, the second tool 102, and the third tool 103 are sequentially stacked in the mold for the first heating and pressing treatment, specifically:
and heating the first tool 101, the second tool 102 and the third tool 103 to a first set temperature, keeping the temperature for a first set time, then starting pressurizing to a first set pressure, and keeping the pressure for a second set time.
As a preferred embodiment, the first set temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the first set time is 10-30 min, the first set pressure is 0-2MPa, and the second set time is 15-60 min.
In a preferred embodiment, solder resist is coated on both end surfaces of the first tool 101, the second tool 102, and the third tool 103.
As a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the aluminum matrix composite superplastic plate and the perforated third tool 103 are placed in a mold for a second heating and pressing treatment, specifically:
and heating the superplastic plate 9 made of the aluminum matrix composite and the punched third tool 103 to a second set temperature, keeping the temperature for a third set time, then starting pressurizing to a second set pressure, and keeping the pressure for a fourth set time.
As a preferred embodiment, the second set temperature is 450-550 ℃, the third set time is 10-30 min, the second set pressure is 0-2MPa, and the fourth set time is 15-60 min.
In a preferred embodiment, solder resist is coated on both end surfaces of the aluminum matrix composite superplastic plate 9 and the perforated third tool 103.
As a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the first tool 101, the third tool 103 and the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall member 8 are stacked in a set order, specifically:
the first tool 101, the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component 8 and the third tool 103 are sequentially stacked from top to bottom.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, heat conducting materials are coated on both end surfaces of the first tool 101, the third tool 103 and the aluminum-based alloy complex structure thin-walled component.
As a preferred embodiment, before step S1, the method further includes:
and determining the set parameters of the die according to the structural surface of the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component.
As a preferred embodiment, in step S4, after heat treating the three-layer structure 6, cooling is performed, specifically:
and carrying out heat preservation and post-cooling treatment according to the solid solution temperature and the target solid solution time of the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component in a fifth set time.
Compared with the heat treatment method of the complex structure thin-wall component of the aluminum-based alloy at present, the invention has the following steps:
1. the invention designs a novel sandwich structure heat treatment tool of 'tool-component-tool', which improves the heat transfer efficiency compared with the common heat treatment tool, can effectively prevent the deformation of the component in the heat treatment process and realize the accurate control of the complex surface;
2. the preparation of the heat treatment tool and the forming component is respectively completed by adopting a superplastic forming method and utilizing the same set of superplastic forming die, so that the cost is saved, and the forming precision of the complex component tool is ensured;
3. the heat treatment tool structure is suitable for various heat treatment modes such as annealing, solid solution, aging, quenching and the like, and can enable the component to obtain corresponding mechanical properties according to process requirements.
The preparation is illustrated below with reference to two specific examples:
example 1
(1) Designing and manufacturing a superplastic forming die according to the structural surface of the thin-wall member, selecting a TC4 plate with the thickness of 2.5mm as a heat treatment tool material, calculating the thickness of the formed plate, matching the superposed size of the die and the heat treatment tool with the size of the member, and ensuring the size precision of a formed member;
(2) Coating solder resists on two sides of three TC4 titanium alloy plates with the thickness of 2.5mm, stacking the plates in a die, respectively naming the plates as a tool 1#, a tool 2#, and a tool 3#, heating the plates, keeping the temperature for 10min and then pressurizing after the final forming temperature is 950 ℃, wherein the pressurizing rate is 0.02MPa/min, pressurizing to 1.2MPa-2.0MPa according to the structural size, and maintaining the pressure for 30min to finish the preparation of the heat treatment tool;
(3) Opening the furnace after cooling, taking out the three layers of components, punching a small hole with the diameter of 2mm at the position of the exhaust hole of the die by the tool 3#, putting the small hole back into the die, and putting the other two layers aside for standby;
(4) 7050/TiB 2.5mm thick 2 Coating solder resists on two sides of the aluminum-based composite material plate, placing the aluminum-based composite material plate into a superplastic forming die, heating to the forming temperature of 450 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min, then starting pressurizing, controlling the pressurizing speed to be 0.01MPa/min, keeping the pressure for 30min after reaching 1.2MPa, completing the superplastic forming of a target member, and cooling and then taking out the aluminum-based composite material member and a tool # 3;
(5) Stacking the TC4 tool and the aluminum-based composite material component in the sequence of tool 1# -component-tool 3#, coating graphite on two sides of the component, and fixing by using screws;
(6) Putting the three-layer structure into a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment, heating to 475 ℃, then preserving heat for 1h, taking out the whole structure, quickly transferring the three-layer structure into a water tank for quenching, cooling and wiping surface water;
(7) Placing the three-layer structure into a heat treatment furnace for aging heat treatment, keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for 20 hours, taking out the whole structure, and cooling the whole structure to room temperature in air;
(8) Taking down the screw to separate the three-layer structure, and finally obtaining the T6 state aluminum matrix composite thin-wall component. The upper and lower layer heat treatment tools can be repeatedly used.
Example 2
(1) Designing and manufacturing a superplastic forming die according to the structural surface of the thin-wall component, selecting a duplex stainless steel plate with the thickness of 2mm as a heat treatment tool material, calculating the thickness of the formed plate, matching the superposition size of the die and the heat treatment tool with the size of the component, and ensuring the size precision of a formed part;
(2) Coating solder resists on two sides of three 2 mm-thick duplex stainless steel plates, stacking the plates in a die, respectively naming the plates as a tool 1#, a tool 2# and a tool 3#, heating the plates, keeping the temperature for 15min and then pressurizing after the final forming temperature is 900 ℃, keeping the pressure at the rate of 0.02MPa/min, pressurizing to 1.2-2.0 MPa according to the structural size, and keeping the pressure for 30min to finish the preparation of a heat treatment tool;
(3) Opening the furnace after cooling, taking out the upper three layers of plate members, punching small holes with the diameter of 2mm at the positions of the exhaust holes of the die on the lowest two-layer stainless steel member, then placing the two-layer stainless steel member back into the die, and placing the other two layers aside for standby;
(4) Coating solder resists on two sides of a 1420 aluminum lithium alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm and good superplasticity, putting the 1420 aluminum lithium alloy plate into a superplastic forming die, heating to the forming temperature of 500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 15min, then starting pressurizing, controlling the pressurizing speed to be 0.02MPa/min, keeping the pressure for 30min after reaching 1MPa, completing the superplastic forming of a target component, and cooling and then taking out the 1420 aluminum lithium alloy component and a tool 3#;
(5) Stacking the duplex stainless steel tool and the 1420 aluminum lithium alloy component according to the sequence of the tool 1# -the component-the tool 3#, coating graphite on two sides of the component, and fixing by using screws;
(6) Putting the three-layer structure into a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment, heating to 450 ℃, then preserving heat for 30min, taking out the whole structure, putting the three-layer structure into a gas quenching furnace, and cooling to room temperature;
(7) Placing the three-layer structure into a heat treatment furnace for aging heat treatment, keeping the temperature at 160 ℃ for 12 hours, taking out the whole structure, and cooling the whole structure to room temperature in air;
(8) Removing the screw to separate the three-layer structure, and finally obtaining the 1420 aluminum lithium alloy thin-wall component. The upper and lower layer heat treatment tools can be repeatedly used.
It should be clear that the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known process techniques is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Numerous modifications and variations could be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A forming and conformal heat treatment method of an aluminum-based alloy complex structure thin-wall component is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Respectively coating solder resist on two end faces of a first tool, a second tool and a third tool, then sequentially stacking the two end faces in a mold for first heating and pressurizing treatment to obtain a heat treatment tool of the first tool and a heat treatment tool of the third tool, wherein the three tools are all made of superplastic alloy plates;
(2) Taking out the cooled first tool, the cooled second tool and the cooled third tool, and putting the aluminum-based composite superplastic plate and the perforated third tool into the mold for secondary heating and pressurizing treatment to obtain an aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component;
(3) Stacking the first tool, the third tool and the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component in a set sequence to form a three-layer structure;
(4) Cooling after heat treatment of the three-layer structure to obtain a target aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component;
in step (1), after the solder resist is coated on both end faces of the first tool, the second tool and the third tool, respectively, the two end faces are sequentially stacked in a die for first heating and pressurizing treatment, specifically:
heating the first tool, the second tool and the third tool to a first set temperature, keeping the temperature for a first set time, then starting pressurizing to a first set pressure, and keeping the pressure for a second set time;
the first set temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the first set time is 10-30 min, the first set pressure is 0-2MPa, and the second set time is 15-60 min;
in step (2), putting the aluminum matrix composite superplastic plate and the punched third tool into the die for second heating and pressurizing treatment, specifically:
heating the aluminum-based composite superplastic plate and the punched third tool to a second set temperature, keeping the temperature for a third set time, then starting pressurizing to a second set pressure, and keeping the pressure for a fourth set time;
the second set temperature is 450-550 ℃, the third set time is 10-30 min, the second set pressure is 0-2MPa, and the fourth set time is 15-60 min.
2. The forming and conformal heat treatment method of the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component as claimed in claim 1, wherein solder resist is coated on both end surfaces of the aluminum-based composite material superplastic plate and the third tool after punching.
3. The forming and conformal heat treatment method of the aluminum-based alloy complex structure thin-walled component as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the first tool, the third tool and the aluminum-based alloy complex structure thin-walled component are stacked in a set order, specifically:
and stacking the first tool, the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component and the third tool from top to bottom in sequence.
4. The forming and conformal heat treatment method of the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), heat conduction materials are coated on two end faces of the first tool, the third tool and the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component.
5. The method for forming and conformally heat treating an aluminum-based alloy complex-structured thin-walled component according to claim 1, further comprising, before step (1):
and determining the set parameters of the die according to the structural surface of the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component.
6. The forming and conformal heat treatment method of the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-walled component according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the three-layer structure is cooled after heat treatment, specifically:
and carrying out heat preservation and post-cooling treatment according to the solid solution temperature and the target solid solution time of the aluminum-based alloy complex-structure thin-wall component in a fifth set time.
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