CN110239161B - Nb-TiAl layered composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nb-TiAl layered composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110239161B CN110239161B CN201910636779.9A CN201910636779A CN110239161B CN 110239161 B CN110239161 B CN 110239161B CN 201910636779 A CN201910636779 A CN 201910636779A CN 110239161 B CN110239161 B CN 110239161B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/017—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy, another layer being formed of an alloy based on a non ferrous metal other than aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/42—Alternating layers, e.g. ABAB(C), AABBAABB(C)
Abstract
An Nb-TiAl layered composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of alloy preparation. The invention aims to solve the problems of intrinsic brittleness, low room-temperature ductility and toughness and difficult processing and forming of TiAl alloy. A Nb-TiAl layered composite material is composed of a periodic Nb/high Nb-TiAl alloy structure. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, cleaning the surfaces of Ti foil, Al foil and Nb foil; secondly, laminating the washed Ti foil, Al foil and Nb foil to prepare a prefabricated part; thirdly, low-temperature heat treatment; fourthly, medium temperature annealing; fifthly, high-temperature densification is carried out to obtain the high-performance high-density optical fiber. The method is used for preparing the Nb-TiAl laminated composite material, and can be used for forming plates and other Nb-TiAl laminated composite materials with complex shapes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a Nb-TiAl layered composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The TiAl alloy has excellent high-temperature performance and better oxidation resistance, has the characteristics of high specific strength, high specific modulus and the like, and has wide application prospects in the fields of automobile manufacturing, aerospace and the like. However, the TiAl alloy has intrinsic brittleness, and has the disadvantages of low damage tolerance, room temperature shaping, low toughness and the like, which make the formation of the TiAl alloy difficult, and it is difficult to prepare a structural member having a complicated shape, and the processing of the high Nb-TiAl alloy by isothermal forging, hot rolling and the like is complicated in process and high in cost. Based on the above, how to improve the room temperature ductility and toughness of the TiAl alloy and also to form a sheet or other structural members with complex shapes is a problem that needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that a plate or a structural part with a complex shape cannot be prepared by near-forming while the room-temperature ductility and toughness of a TiAl alloy are improved at present, and provides an Nb-TiAl layered composite material and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the Nb-TiAl laminated composite material is prepared with periodical Nb/Ti3Al-TiAl/Nb structure, Nb is pure Nb, Ti is alternately arranged between the upper and lower pure Nb layers3Al layer and TiAl layer, and forming a periodic laminated structure.
A preparation method of the Nb-TiAl layered composite material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: sequentially using alcohol and acetone to respectively ultrasonically clean the Ti foil, the Al foil and the Nb foil for 5-10 min to remove oil stains on the surfaces, then respectively cleaning the surfaces of the Ti foil, the Nb foil and the Al foil by using 5-15 vol.% of HF, 100 vol.% of HF and 5-15 vol.% of NaOH solution to remove oxide skins on the surfaces, finally ultrasonically cleaning the surfaces by using alcohol for 2-5 min, and blow-drying the surfaces for later use;
step two: laminating the Ti foil, the Al foil and the Nb foil washed in the step one, in order to ensure that the sections of all the foils are the same when the sample is loaded and hot pressed, coating the laminated material by using graphite paper, and fixing the laminated layer by using a steel wire to obtain a Nb/high Nb-TiAl laminated composite material prefabricated member; the lamination is that Nb foils are respectively placed on the upper layer and the lower layer of each period lamination structure, and then Ti foils and Al foils are alternately laminated between the upper Nb foil and the lower Nb foil; the thickness of the final material can be controlled by adjusting the number of laminations from 1 periodic lamination to a plurality of periodic laminations;
step three: putting the prefabricated part prepared in the step two into a graphite mould, then putting the graphite mould into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, and vacuumizing to 1 multiplied by 10-3Hot pressing at 520-550 ℃ for 10-30 min under Pa, and applying pressure of 40-80 MPa; then heating to 600-660 ℃, preserving heat for 2-8 h, applying 10-30 MPa pressure for low-temperature annealing to obtain the alloy consisting of Nb, Ti and TiAl3A composite of phases;
step four: the Nb, Ti and TiAl obtained in the third step3Heating the composite material consisting of the phases to 800-880 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-30 h, and applying 30-50 MPa pressure to obtain the composite material with the periodic structure of Nb-Ti3A layered composite of Al-TiAl-Nb;
step five: and (4) heating the layered composite material obtained in the fourth step to 1150-1250 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-60 min, and applying 50-80 MPa pressure to obtain the Nb-TiAl layered composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, preparing Nb-Ti by adopting a foil metallurgy mode3The Al-TiAl-Nb laminated composite material can be used for forming plates and other structural members with complex shapes by utilizing the characteristics of good room temperature deformation and formability of the foil, and avoids the subsequent forming processing of the material;
II, preparing Nb-Ti3The Al-TiAl-Nb laminated composite material has simple process and does not need special equipment.
And thirdly, regulating and controlling the thickness of the tissue layer by adopting a multi-step annealing heat treatment mode, and easily obtaining the composite material with the best performance matching.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a laminate material;
FIG. 2 is a micro-topography after heat treatment at 550 ℃/30min/50MPa +860 ℃/3h/30 MPa;
FIG. 3 is a micro-topography after heat treatment at 550 ℃/30min/50MPa +860 ℃/20h/30 MPa.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment describes a Nb-TiAl layered composite material composed of periodic Nb/Ti3Al-TiAl/Nb structure, Nb is pure Nb, Ti is alternately arranged between the upper and lower pure Nb layers3Al layer and TiAl layer, and forming a periodic laminated structure.
The second embodiment is as follows: in the Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to the first embodiment, the thickness of the single pure Nb layer is 20 to 50 μm, and the single pure Nb layer is mainly used as a ductile layer of the composite material and has good high temperature resistance.
The third concrete implementation mode: in the Nb-TiAl layered composite material, the Ti3The thickness ratio of the Al layer to the TiAl layer is 1: 1-2, the thickness ratio of the raw materials of the Ti foil and the Al foil can be adjusted in the preparation process or regulated and controlled by controlling the heat preservation time at 1150-1250 ℃.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: in the Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to the first embodiment, the thickness of the pure Nb layer is equal to the thickness of the TiAl layer and Ti is added3The thickness ratio of the sum of the Al layer thicknesses is 1: 3.5-5, and finally Nb, TiAl and Ti can be controlled by controlling the original thickness ratio of the Nb foil, the Ti foil and the Al foil of the toughness layer in the preparation process3The thickness ratio of Al regulates and controls the density and the plastic toughness of the laminated composite material to obtain the Nb-TiAl laminated composite material with the best comprehensive performance.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: a method for preparing Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to any one of the first to fourth embodiments, the method comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: sequentially using alcohol and acetone to respectively ultrasonically clean the Ti foil, the Al foil and the Nb foil for 5-10 min (with power of 2000W), removing oil stains on the surfaces, respectively cleaning the surfaces of the Ti foil, the Nb foil and the Al foil by using 5-15 vol.% of HF, 100 vol.% of HF and 5-15 vol.% of NaOH solution, removing oxide skins on the surfaces, finally ultrasonically cleaning the surfaces for 2-5 min by using alcohol (with power of 2000W), and blow-drying the surfaces for later use by using a blower;
step two: laminating the Ti foil, the Al foil and the Nb foil washed in the first step, in order to ensure that the cross sections of all the foils are the same when loading and hot pressing, coating the laminated material by using graphite paper, and fixing the lamination by using a steel wire with the diameter of 0.1-0.2 mm to obtain a Nb/high Nb-TiAl laminated composite material prefabricated member; the lamination is that Nb foils are respectively placed on the upper layer and the lower layer of each period lamination structure, and then Ti foils and Al foils are alternately laminated between the upper Nb foil and the lower Nb foil; the thickness of the final material can be controlled by adjusting the number of laminations from 1 periodic lamination to a plurality of periodic laminations;
step three: putting the prefabricated part prepared in the step two into a graphite mould, then putting the graphite mould into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, and vacuumizing to 1 multiplied by 10-3Hot pressing at 520-550 ℃ for 10-30 min under Pa, and applying pressure of 40-80 MPa; then heating to 600-660 ℃, preserving heat for 2-8 h, applying 10-30 MPa pressure for low-temperature annealing to obtain the alloy consisting of Nb, Ti and TiAl3A composite of phases; the graphite mould can be in a cuboid (square) shape or other complex shapes, so that the aim of forming a plate or a complex structural part is fulfilled;
step four: the Nb, Ti and TiAl obtained in the third step3Heating the composite material consisting of the phases to 800-880 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-30 h, and applying 30-50 MPa pressure to obtain the composite material with the periodic structure of Nb-Ti3A layered composite of Al-TiAl-Nb;
step five: and (4) heating the layered composite material obtained in the fourth step to 1150-1250 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-60 min, and applying 50-80 MPa pressure to obtain the compact Nb-TiAl layered composite material without defects.
The hot pressing in the invention is divided into three stages, namely a first stage: 520-550 ℃/10-30 min + 600-660 ℃/2-8 h, so that the Al foil is completely converted into TiAl3The Al liquid is prevented from flowing out at high temperature; and a second stage: annealing at 800-880 ℃ to ensure TiAl compound2、TiAl3、Ti2Al5、Ti3Al, gamma-TiAl, etc. are substantially converted to alpha2-Ti3Al and gamma-TiAl compounds, and simultaneously controlling the reaction of the Nb layer; and a third stage: and heating to 1150-1250 for heat treatment, eliminating the defects of holes and the like in medium-temperature annealing, performing densification treatment on the material, and simultaneously regulating and controlling the thickness of each phase layer of the material.
Nb-Ti prepared by in-situ autogenous method in the invention3Al-TiAl-Nb laminated composite material, Nb layer is positioned in Nb-Ti3The outermost two layers of the Al-TiAl-Nb periodic structure are Nb layer and Ti layer3The thickness of Al and TiAl layers is controllable, the interface is straight and the connection is good; the TiAl layer has high-temperature strength and Ti3The Al layer has higher hardness, Ti3The Al layer can further strengthen the performance of TiAl, and the multilayer structure of Nb and the material with better ductility and toughness can further improve the ductility and toughness of the material to obtain the material with best matching of the ductility and toughness; the required tissue structure is obtained at medium temperature, and the diffusion of Nb can be effectively controlled by a high-temperature annealing densification mode, so that the thickness of Nb is controllable.
The material formed by the invention has clear and flat interface, compact material and no defect. The preparation process has no pollution and obvious technological advantages.
The sixth specific implementation mode: in the preparation method of the Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to the fifth embodiment, in the first step, the Ti foil is TC4Or TA1 and the like, and the single-layer thickness is 20-50 mu m; the Al foil is pure Al foil, and the thickness of a single layer is 10-50 mu m.
The seventh embodiment: in the first step, a Nb film or a Nb alloy film is magnetron sputtered on the surface of the dried Ti foil and Al foil, the single surface is coated with a film with a thickness of 0 to 4 μm, and the coated foil is used to prepare Nb/Ti composite material3Al-TiAl/Nb layered composite material, in this case Ti3The Al and TiAl layers can realize Nb alloying and further improve Ti3Mechanical properties of Al and TiAl layers.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the preparation method of the Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to the fifth embodiment comprises the following stepsIn the third step, the method specifically comprises the following steps: putting the prefabricated part prepared in the step two into a graphite mould, then putting the graphite mould into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, and vacuumizing to 1 multiplied by 10-3Hot pressing at 540-550 ℃ for 10-20 min under Pa, and applying pressure of 50-60 MPa; then heating to 630-645 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 h, applying pressure of 10-15 MPa for low-temperature annealing to obtain the alloy consisting of Nb, Ti and TiAl3A composite material consisting of phases.
The specific implementation method nine: the method for preparing the Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to the fifth embodiment specifically includes the following steps: the Nb, Ti and TiAl obtained in the third step3Heating the composite material consisting of the phases to 850-880 ℃, preserving the heat for 18-24 hours, and applying 30-40 MPa pressure to obtain the composite material with the periodic structure of Nb-Ti3Al-TiAl-Nb layer structure material.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the method for preparing the Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to the fifth embodiment specifically includes, in the fifth step: and heating the layered composite material obtained in the fourth step to 1200-1250 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-30 min, and applying 50-60 MPa pressure to obtain the compact Nb-TiAl layered composite material.
Example 1:
firstly, respectively carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on a Ti foil, an Al foil and an Nb foil by using alcohol and acetone for 5min, removing oil stains on the surface, then respectively carrying out surface cleaning on the Ti foil, the Nb foil and the Al foil by using 10 vol.% of HF, 100 vol.% of HF and 10 vol.% of NaOH solution, removing an oxide skin on the surface, finally carrying out ultrasonic cleaning by using alcohol for 5min, and drying by using a blower for later use; wherein the thickness of the Ti foil is 20 μm, the thickness of the Al foil is 17 μm, and the thickness of the Nb foil is 25 μm;
secondly, laminating the Ti foil, the Al foil and the Nb foil washed in the step one, wherein the laminating sequence is that the Nb foil is respectively laminated at the uppermost end and the lowermost end of a period, and the middle layer is the alternate Ti foil and Al foil; in order to ensure that all foils are always in one plane when the sample is loaded and hot pressed, graphite coating is carried out on the stacked materials, and a steel wire with the diameter of 0.15mm is used for fixing the stacked layers to prepare the Nb/high Nb-TiAl laminated composite material prefabricated member;
thirdly, the prefabricated part prepared in the second step is filled inPutting the graphite mould into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, and vacuumizing to 1 multiplied by 10-3Hot pressing at 550 deg.C for 15min under Pa, and applying 50MPa pressure; then heating to 640 ℃, preserving heat for 4h, applying pressure of 15MPa to carry out low-temperature annealing to obtain the alloy consisting of Nb, Ti and TiAl3A low-temperature annealed structure composed of phases;
fourthly, the Nb, Ti and TiAl which are obtained in the third step3Low-temperature annealing structure composed of phases, heating to 865 ℃, preserving heat for 20h, applying 40MPa pressure to obtain a periodic structure of Nb-Ti3Al-TiAl-Nb layer structure material;
fifthly, heating the layered composite material with the periodic structure of Nb-Ti3Al-TiAl-Nb, which is obtained in the fourth step, to 1200 ℃, preserving the temperature for 30min, and applying 60MPa pressure to obtain the compact Nb-TiAl layered composite material without defects.
The structure of the preform in step four of this example is shown in FIG. 1, from which it can be seen that Nb-Ti3The laminating sequence of one period layer of the Al-TiAl-Nb laminated composite material and the fixation of the foil by the steel wire after the graphite paper is adopted for coating. In the fourth step of FIG. 2, the SEM-BSE structure of the composite material after 10h of heat preservation at 865 ℃ is shown, and the material is mainly formed by Nb, gamma-TiAl and Ti3Al、TiAl3、TiAl2And the like; FIG. 3 shows the SEM-BSE structure of the composite material after 20h of incubation at 865 ℃ in the fourth step, and it can be seen from the figure that the material is formed by Nb and Ti after 20h of reaction3Al and gamma-TiAl.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of Nb-TiAl layered composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the Nb-TiAl layered composite material is composed of a periodic Nb/Ti3Al-TiAl/Nb structure, Nb is pure Nb, and a Ti3Al layer and a TiAl layer are alternately arranged between an upper pure Nb layer and a lower pure Nb layer to form a periodic laminated structure; the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: sequentially using alcohol and acetone to respectively ultrasonically clean the Ti foil, the Al foil and the Nb foil for 5-10 min to remove oil stains on the surfaces, then respectively cleaning the surfaces of the Ti foil, the Nb foil and the Al foil by using 5-15 vol.% of HF, 100 vol.% of HF and 5-15 vol.% of NaOH solution to remove oxide skins on the surfaces, finally ultrasonically cleaning the surfaces by using alcohol for 2-5 min, and blow-drying the surfaces for later use;
step two: laminating the Ti foil, the Al foil and the Nb foil washed in the step one, in order to ensure that the sections of all the foils are the same when the sample is loaded and hot pressed, coating the laminated material by using graphite paper, and fixing the laminated layer by using a steel wire to obtain a Nb/high Nb-TiAl laminated composite material prefabricated member; the lamination is that Nb foils are respectively placed on the upper layer and the lower layer of each period lamination structure, and then Ti foils and Al foils are alternately laminated between the upper Nb foil and the lower Nb foil;
step three: putting the prefabricated part prepared in the step two into a graphite mould, then putting the graphite mould into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, and vacuumizing to 1 multiplied by 10-3Hot pressing at 520-550 ℃ for 10-30 min under Pa, and applying pressure of 40-80 MPa; then heating to 600-660 ℃, preserving heat for 2-8 h, and applying 10-30 MPa pressure for low-temperature annealing to obtain a composite material consisting of Nb, Ti and TiAl3 phases;
step four: heating the composite material composed of Nb, Ti and TiAl3 phases obtained in the third step to 800-880 ℃, preserving heat for 10-30 h, and applying pressure of 30-50 MPa to obtain a layered composite material with a periodic structure of Nb-Ti3 Al-TiAl-Nb;
step five: and (4) heating the layered composite material obtained in the fourth step to 1150-1250 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-60 min, and applying 50-80 MPa pressure to obtain the Nb-TiAl layered composite material.
2. The method for preparing the Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the pure Nb layer is 20-50 mu m.
3. The method for preparing the Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickness ratio of the Ti3Al layer to the TiAl layer is 1: 1 to 2.
4. The method for preparing the Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickness ratio of the pure Nb layer thickness to the sum of the TiAl layer thickness and the Ti3Al layer thickness is 1: 3.5 to 5.
5. The method for preparing the Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the Ti foil is TC4 or TA1, and the single-layer thickness is 20-50 mu m; the Al foil is pure Al foil, and the thickness of a single layer is 10-50 mu m.
6. The method for preparing the Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, a Nb film or a Nb alloy film is subjected to magnetron sputtering on the surfaces of the dried Ti foil and the dried Al foil, and a film is coated on one side, wherein the thickness is 0-4 microns.
7. The method for preparing the Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the third step is specifically as follows: putting the prefabricated part prepared in the step two into a graphite mould, then putting the graphite mould into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, and vacuumizing to 1 multiplied by 10-3Hot pressing at 540-550 ℃ for 10-20 min under Pa, and applying pressure of 50-60 MPa; and then heating to 630-645 ℃, preserving the heat for 4-6 h, and applying 10-15 MPa pressure to perform low-temperature annealing to obtain the composite material consisting of Nb, Ti and TiAl3 phases.
8. The method for preparing the Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fourth step is specifically as follows: and (3) heating the composite material consisting of Nb, Ti and TiAl3 phases obtained in the step three to 850-880 ℃, preserving the heat for 18-24 h, and applying pressure of 30-40 MPa to obtain the layered structure material with the periodic structure of Nb-Ti3 Al-TiAl-Nb.
9. The method for preparing the Nb-TiAl layered composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step five, specifically comprising: and heating the layered composite material obtained in the fourth step to 1200-1250 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-30 min, and applying 50-60 MPa pressure to obtain the Nb-TiAl layered composite material.
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| CN115319268A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-11 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | For TiAl alloys/Ti 2 AlNb alloy or Ti 3 Intermediate layer for Al-based alloy connection and diffusion welding method |
| CN115319261A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-11 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Ti/Al + X composite intermediate layer for TiAl/nickel-based superalloy connection and diffusion welding method |
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