CN112422003A - Permanent magnet synchronous motor, control method, protection system and storage medium - Google Patents

Permanent magnet synchronous motor, control method, protection system and storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112422003A
CN112422003A CN202011176992.5A CN202011176992A CN112422003A CN 112422003 A CN112422003 A CN 112422003A CN 202011176992 A CN202011176992 A CN 202011176992A CN 112422003 A CN112422003 A CN 112422003A
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China
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
flux linkage
fault
motor
loss
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CN202011176992.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
殷童欢
张岩
郭清风
宋晓玥
翟志伟
李亚巍
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Priority to CN202011176992.5A priority Critical patent/CN112422003A/en
Publication of CN112422003A publication Critical patent/CN112422003A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/0085Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed
    • H02P21/0089Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed using field weakening
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/14Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
    • H02P21/18Estimation of position or speed

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of motor vector control, and discloses a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a control method, a protection system and a storage medium, wherein a flux linkage is reconstructed and estimated in real time according to a loss-of-field fault monitoring unit; the rotation speed is estimated through the rotation speed self-adaptive rate, and the fault-tolerant control of the flux-weakening control system is realized; and judging whether the motor loses magnetism or not by estimating the value of the flux linkage, and processing the motor loss magnetism fault. By adopting the fault-tolerant control system, the observer is used for estimating the flux linkage in real time, the self-adaptive rate is used for estimating the rotating speed in real time, and the loss-of-field fault judging unit is used for judging the loss-of-field fault, so that whether the motor has the loss-of-field fault or not can be known, the control performance of the weak magnetic control system is prevented from being reduced due to the loss-of-field fault of the motor and inaccurate estimation of the rotating speed, and the fault-tolerant control of the weak magnetic control system is realized.

Description

Permanent magnet synchronous motor, control method, protection system and storage medium
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motor vector control, and particularly relates to a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a control method, a protection system and a storage medium.
Background
At present, the permanent magnet synchronous motor has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency, high power factor and excellent speed regulation performance, and is widely applied to the fields of air conditioners, locomotives and the like. Due to the complexity of time and the running environment of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the flux linkage of the permanent magnet changes, and the loss of magnetism is caused. Different voltage and current vector tracks can be generated due to different motor flux linkages, so that the field loss of the permanent magnet can cause the wrong adjustment of exciting current when the motor controls speed expansion by utilizing field weakening, and the control effect of the whole motor field weakening control system is influenced. The mechanical speed sensor is also easily influenced by the external environment to cause the reduction of speed measuring performance, so that the reliability of a motor weak magnetic control system is reduced, and the high-precision control of the motor is finally influenced. Therefore, it is necessary to perform flux linkage estimation and velocity estimation without a velocity sensor in real time.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) reduced performance of control system due to motor loss of field fault
(2) The motor speed sensorless control realized by the prior art does not consider the loss of field fault.
Disclosure of Invention
The observer is used for estimating the flux linkage of the permanent magnet in real time, so that the performance reduction of a control system caused by the loss of field fault of the motor is avoided; and an observer is utilized to obtain an estimated value of the rotating speed on line, so that the speed-sensor-free control of the motor is realized. The invention provides a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a control method, a protection system and a storage medium.
The invention is realized in such a way that a permanent magnet synchronous motor control method is applied to a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor control method comprises the following steps:
the magnetic flux linkage is reconstructed and estimated in real time by the loss of magnetism fault monitoring unit; obtaining a rotation speed self-adaptive rate;
estimating the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the obtained rotating speed self-adaptive rate, and carrying out fault-tolerant control on the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor;
and meanwhile, judging whether the permanent magnet synchronous motor loses magnetism or not according to the reconstructed and estimated flux linkage value, and carrying out loss magnetism fault processing on the lost permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Further, when the permanent magnet synchronous motor is in a loss-of-field allowable range, inputting a flux linkage estimation value and a rotating speed estimation value obtained by estimation into a fault-tolerant flux-weakening control calculation unit;
and the fault-tolerant flux-weakening control calculation unit calculates a real-time dq-axis current expected value required during flux-weakening speed expansion according to a real-time flux linkage estimated value and a rotating speed estimated value, and stably controls the motor through a vector control system of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Further, the method for judging whether the permanent magnet synchronous motor loses magnetism through reconstructing the estimated flux linkage value comprises the following steps:
step one, comparing a flux linkage estimation value with a flux linkage rated value;
step two, judging whether the motor is demagnetized;
step three, if the motor has a loss of field fault, the judging unit warns the system;
step four, comparing the real-time flux linkage estimation value with a loss-of-magnetization threshold value;
and fifthly, judging whether the flux linkage is smaller than a loss-of-magnetization threshold value.
Further, in the second step, if the permanent magnet synchronous motor has no loss of field fault, the control system is used for normally controlling the motor, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor normally controls the operation.
Further, in the fourth step, the flux linkage estimation value is obtained by sampling a three-phase current and a bus voltage of a motor in the motor control system, after the sampled data enter a control chip, obtaining a voltage and a current of a two-phase rotating coordinate system of the motor through vector coordinate transformation by a control program, then calculating according to a Terminal sliding mode adaptive observer algorithm, and inputting the obtained flux linkage real-time estimation value to the loss of excitation fault degree judgment unit.
Further, in the fifth step, if the real-time flux linkage estimation value is smaller than the loss-of-magnetization threshold value, the judging unit directly controls the motor to stop running;
and if the real-time flux linkage estimation value is larger than the loss-of-field threshold value, the motor enters a fault-tolerant flux-weakening control operation state.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a protection system for implementing the method for controlling a permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is applied to a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the protection system includes a loss of excitation fault monitoring unit, where the loss of excitation fault monitoring unit includes:
the Terminal sliding mode self-adaptive algorithm calculating unit estimates the flux linkage of the motor by using an equivalent control principle, estimates the rotating speed by using the self-adaptive rate of the rotating speed obtained by the algorithm, and obtains the actual value of the three-phase current and the actual value of the bus voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous motor through a sampling resistor and a chip;
and the demagnetization fault degree judgment unit is connected with the Terminal sliding mode self-adaptive algorithm calculation unit and compares and judges the flux linkage obtained by estimation with a flux linkage rated value and a demagnetization threshold value, so that the system knows the demagnetization degree of the motor.
Further, the Terminal sliding mode adaptive algorithm calculating unit obtains dq axis current and dq axis voltage through a coordinate transformation calculating unit and other related calculating units by utilizing three-phase current and bus voltage, the dq axis current and the dq axis voltage enter a magnetic loss fault detecting unit, and a real-time flux linkage estimated value and a real-time rotating speed estimated value are obtained by utilizing a Terminal sliding mode adaptive observer algorithm.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet synchronous motor having the protection system mounted thereon.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a computer readable storage medium, storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to carry out the steps of
Performing real-time reconstruction estimation on the flux linkage; obtaining a rotation speed self-adaptive rate;
estimating the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the obtained rotating speed self-adaptive rate, and carrying out fault-tolerant control on the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor;
and meanwhile, judging whether the permanent magnet synchronous motor loses magnetism or not according to the reconstructed and estimated flux linkage value, and carrying out loss magnetism fault processing on the lost permanent magnet synchronous motor.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
by adopting the fault-tolerant control system, the observer is used for estimating the flux linkage in real time, the self-adaptive rate is used for estimating the rotating speed in real time, and the loss-of-field fault judging unit is used for judging the loss-of-field fault, so that whether the motor has the loss-of-field fault or not can be known, the control performance of the weak magnetic control system is prevented from being reduced due to the loss-of-field fault of the motor and inaccurate estimation of the rotating speed, and the fault-tolerant control of the weak magnetic control system is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a control block diagram of a PMSM system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the control of the motor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of magnetic loss fault determination provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a control method, a protection system and a storage medium, and the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
According to the method, the flux linkage is reconstructed and estimated in real time according to a Terminal sliding mode self-adaptive observer, and the rotating speed is estimated through the rotating speed self-adaptive rate, so that the fault-tolerant control of the weak magnetic control system is realized. The invention judges whether the motor loses magnetism or not by estimating the value of the flux linkage, and processes the motor loss magnetism fault.
As shown in fig. 1, a PMSM system provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes:
and the magnetic loss fault monitoring unit comprises a Terminal sliding mode self-adaptive algorithm calculating unit and a magnetic loss fault degree judging unit.
The Terminal sliding mode adaptive algorithm computing unit estimates the flux linkage of the motor by using an equivalent control principle, and estimates the rotating speed by using the adaptive rate of the rotating speed obtained by the algorithm, and the flow chart is illustrated as fig. 2.
The loss-of-field fault degree judging unit compares and judges the flux linkage obtained by estimation with a flux linkage rated value and a loss-of-field threshold value, so that a system knows the loss-of-field degree of the motor, and the judging process is illustrated as fig. 3.
When the motor is in a loss-of-field allowable range, the motor inputs a flux linkage estimated value and a rotating speed estimated value obtained through estimation into a fault-tolerant flux-weakening control calculation unit, the fault-tolerant flux-weakening control calculation unit calculates a real-time dq-axis current expected value required during flux-weakening speed expansion according to the real-time flux linkage estimated value and the rotating speed estimated value, and then the motor is stably controlled through a vector control system of the motor.
As shown in fig. 2, the actual values of the three-phase current and the actual values of the bus voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are obtained through the sampling resistor and the chip.
And acquiring dq-axis current and dq-axis voltage by using the three-phase current and the bus voltage through a coordinate transformation calculation unit and other related calculation units, entering a demagnetization fault detection unit, and acquiring a real-time flux linkage estimation value and a real-time rotation speed estimation value by using a Terminal sliding mode adaptive observer algorithm.
And the motor control system performs speed sensorless and fault-tolerant flux weakening control through the motor vector control system according to the flux linkage and the rotating speed obtained by estimation.
As shown in fig. 3, the demagnetization fault degree determination unit determines the demagnetization fault of the motor by using the real-time flux linkage estimation value. The flux linkage estimation value is obtained according to a Terminal sliding mode adaptive observer algorithm, specifically, three-phase current and bus voltage of a motor in a motor control system are sampled, the sampled data enter a control chip, voltage and current of a two-phase rotating coordinate system of the motor are obtained through vector coordinate transformation of a control program, then calculation is carried out according to the Terminal sliding mode adaptive observer algorithm, and the obtained flux linkage real-time estimation value is input to a demagnetization fault degree judgment unit.
And comparing the flux linkage estimated value with a flux linkage rated value to judge whether the motor loses magnetism. When the motor is not operated, flux linkage is generated by a permanent magnet in the motor, and the rated value of the flux linkage is stated when the permanent magnet synchronous motor leaves a factory or is measured and calculated in a laboratory, the rated value is set in a judging unit, and the rated values of the flux linkage of different permanent magnet synchronous motors are set differently.
By comparing the estimated flux linkage value with the rated flux linkage value, whether the motor has a loss of field fault or not can be known. And if the flux linkage estimated value of the motor is equal to the rated value of the flux linkage, indicating that no loss of field fault occurs in the motor, normally controlling the motor by using the control system, and normally controlling the motor to operate.
If the flux linkage estimation value of the motor is smaller than the rated value of the flux linkage, indicating that the motor has a loss of excitation fault, the judging unit warns the system and compares the real-time flux linkage estimation value with a loss of excitation threshold value. The threshold value of the loss of field should be obtained by measurement and calculation in a laboratory, and will be set in the loss of field fault degree judgment unit, and the threshold values of different permanent magnet synchronous motors will be set differently. The threshold value of the loss of magnetism indicates that slight loss of magnetism does not influence the operation of a motor control system when the motor loses magnetism to a certain degree, namely, the loss of magnetism is smaller than the threshold value, and the parameters of the flux linkage enter a fault-tolerant weak magnetism control calculation unit, so that the operation of the motor control system is seriously influenced, and the instability of motor control is caused.
And comparing the real-time flux linkage estimation value with a loss-of-field threshold value, and if the real-time flux linkage estimation value is smaller than the loss-of-field threshold value, indicating that the loss-of-field degree of the motor exceeds the fault-tolerant control capability of the control system, and at the moment, directly controlling the motor to stop running by the judgment unit and reporting a loss-of-field fault.
And comparing the real-time flux linkage estimation value with a loss-of-field threshold value, wherein if the real-time flux linkage estimation value is larger than the loss-of-field threshold value and because the flux linkage estimation value is smaller than the rated value, the loss-of-field degree of the motor is still within the tolerable range of fault-tolerant control of a control system, and at the moment, the motor enters a fault-tolerant flux-weakening control running state.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A permanent magnet synchronous motor control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the magnetic flux linkage is reconstructed and estimated in real time by the loss of magnetism fault monitoring unit; obtaining a rotation speed self-adaptive rate;
estimating the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the obtained rotating speed self-adaptive rate, and carrying out fault-tolerant control on the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor;
and meanwhile, judging whether the permanent magnet synchronous motor loses magnetism or not according to the reconstructed and estimated flux linkage value, and carrying out loss magnetism fault processing on the lost permanent magnet synchronous motor.
2. The permanent magnet synchronous motor control method according to claim 1, wherein when the permanent magnet synchronous motor is within a loss-of-field allowable range, the estimated flux linkage value and the estimated rotation speed value are input to a fault-tolerant flux-weakening control calculation unit;
and the fault-tolerant flux-weakening control calculation unit calculates a real-time dq-axis current expected value required during flux-weakening speed expansion according to a real-time flux linkage estimated value and a rotating speed estimated value, and stably controls the motor through a vector control system of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
3. The method for controlling a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the method for determining whether the permanent magnet synchronous motor loses magnetism by reconstructing the estimated value of the flux linkage comprises:
step one, comparing a flux linkage estimation value with a flux linkage rated value;
step two, judging whether the motor is demagnetized;
step three, if the motor has a loss of field fault, the judging unit warns the system;
step four, comparing the real-time flux linkage estimation value with a loss-of-magnetization threshold value;
and fifthly, judging whether the flux linkage is smaller than a loss-of-magnetization threshold value.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the second step, if the PMSM has no loss of field fault, the PMSM is normally controlled by the control system and operates normally.
5. The permanent magnet synchronous motor control method according to claim 3, wherein in the fourth step, the flux linkage estimation value is obtained by sampling three-phase current and bus voltage of a motor in the motor control system, and after the sampled data enters a control chip, the voltage and current of a two-phase rotating coordinate system of the motor are obtained through vector coordinate transformation by a control program; and then, calculating according to a Terminal sliding mode adaptive observer algorithm to obtain an obtained real-time flux linkage estimation value, and inputting the obtained real-time flux linkage estimation value into a loss of excitation fault degree judgment unit.
6. The control method of the permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 3, wherein in the fifth step, if the real-time flux linkage estimation value is smaller than the loss-of-field threshold value, the judgment unit directly controls the motor to stop running;
and if the real-time flux linkage estimation value is larger than the loss-of-field threshold value, the motor enters a fault-tolerant flux-weakening control operation state.
7. A protection system for implementing the method for controlling a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the protection system comprises a loss of excitation fault monitoring unit, and the loss of excitation fault monitoring unit comprises:
the Terminal sliding mode self-adaptive algorithm calculating unit estimates the flux linkage of the motor by using an equivalent control principle, estimates the rotating speed by using the self-adaptive rate of the rotating speed obtained by the algorithm, and obtains the actual value of the three-phase current and the actual value of the bus voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous motor through a sampling resistor and a chip;
and the demagnetization fault degree judgment unit is connected with the Terminal sliding mode self-adaptive algorithm calculation unit and compares and judges the flux linkage obtained by estimation with a flux linkage rated value and a demagnetization threshold value, so that the system knows the demagnetization degree of the motor.
8. The protection system of claim 7, wherein the Terminal sliding mode adaptive algorithm calculation unit obtains dq-axis current and dq-axis voltage through a coordinate transformation calculation unit and other related calculation units by using three-phase current and bus voltage, enters the demagnetization fault detection unit, and obtains a real-time flux linkage estimation value and a real-time rotation speed estimation value by using a Terminal sliding mode adaptive observer algorithm.
9. A permanent magnet synchronous motor incorporating the protection system according to any one of claims 7 to 8.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of
Performing real-time reconstruction estimation on the flux linkage; obtaining a rotation speed self-adaptive rate;
estimating the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the obtained rotating speed self-adaptive rate, and carrying out fault-tolerant control on the rotating speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor;
and meanwhile, judging whether the permanent magnet synchronous motor loses magnetism or not according to the reconstructed and estimated flux linkage value, and carrying out loss magnetism fault processing on the lost permanent magnet synchronous motor.
CN202011176992.5A 2020-10-28 2020-10-28 Permanent magnet synchronous motor, control method, protection system and storage medium Pending CN112422003A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140160602A1 (en) * 2012-12-07 2014-06-12 Korea Electronics Technology Institute Method and system for detecting fault of serial coil type permanent magnet motor
CN104716887A (en) * 2015-04-13 2015-06-17 南车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 Field loss protection method and system of permanent magnet synchronous motor
CN109167542A (en) * 2018-09-05 2019-01-08 上海拓为汽车技术有限公司 A kind of brushless motor field weakening control method based on electronic brake system,electronic antiskid system
CN110907821A (en) * 2019-10-21 2020-03-24 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Permanent magnet synchronous motor fault detection method, computer readable storage medium and air conditioner

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140160602A1 (en) * 2012-12-07 2014-06-12 Korea Electronics Technology Institute Method and system for detecting fault of serial coil type permanent magnet motor
CN104716887A (en) * 2015-04-13 2015-06-17 南车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 Field loss protection method and system of permanent magnet synchronous motor
CN109167542A (en) * 2018-09-05 2019-01-08 上海拓为汽车技术有限公司 A kind of brushless motor field weakening control method based on electronic brake system,electronic antiskid system
CN110907821A (en) * 2019-10-21 2020-03-24 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Permanent magnet synchronous motor fault detection method, computer readable storage medium and air conditioner

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Application publication date: 20210226