CN112421240B - Single-channel beam scanning device and method based on Faraday rotation - Google Patents
Single-channel beam scanning device and method based on Faraday rotation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112421240B CN112421240B CN202011239088.4A CN202011239088A CN112421240B CN 112421240 B CN112421240 B CN 112421240B CN 202011239088 A CN202011239088 A CN 202011239088A CN 112421240 B CN112421240 B CN 112421240B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-channel beam scanning device and method based on Faraday rotation, which comprises a baseband processing module, a single radio frequency channel, an active feed network and an antenna array which are connected in sequence; a baseband processing module: realizing modulation and demodulation processing of baseband information, and transmitting the processed baseband information out through a single radio frequency channel; single radio frequency channel: transmitting the baseband information transmitted by the baseband processing module to an active feed network; active feed network: the device comprises a Faraday polarization rotator, a single radio frequency channel, a single antenna array and a power distribution unit, wherein the Faraday polarization rotator is used for receiving baseband information transmitted by the single radio frequency channel, distributing the power of the baseband information and transmitting the baseband information to antenna units in the antenna array; antenna array: the active feed network comprises a plurality of antenna units, and each antenna unit receives baseband information transmitted by a Faraday rotator in the active feed network. The invention can select between array beam scanning scheme and single antenna beam scanning scheme; therefore, the invention has the advantages of both multi-antenna array scanning and single-antenna scanning schemes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wireless communication technology, in particular to a single-channel beam scanning device and method based on Faraday rotation.
Background
In recent years, millimeter waves are increasingly used in the field of 5G and satellite communication, but in order to compensate for the high transmission loss of a high-frequency transmission path, a high-gain antenna is generally adopted to realize long-distance wireless communication. In a common high-gain antenna, the antenna Beam is narrow, and Beam Forming technology is required to be used for user alignment and tracking.
The Beam Forming technology is realized by two major types, namely electrical scanning and mechanical scanning;
mechanical scanning is a type of technique that changes the direction of beam scanning by mechanically rotating the antenna. Although the scanning range of mechanical scanning is large, the scanning speed is slow and the reliability is not high.
The electric scanning is a technology for changing the beam scanning direction by changing the synthesis mode of the beams emitted by the antenna surface array. The currently used electronic scanning methods include changing the frequency or changing the amplitude and phase to realize the synthesized beam direction scanning. The electric scanning technology is mature, has excellent performance and is mainly applied to military products. However, the number of channels is large, the cost is high, the power consumption is too large, and the like, so that the method is greatly limited in practical application and is difficult to be applied to commercial products in a large scale. Taking a 5G base station product as an example, the problem of the multiplied increase of the size and power consumption of the device caused by the adoption of the electric scanning technology has become a key problem which hinders the 5G large-scale production at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of multiplied increase of equipment size and power consumption brought by an electric scanning technology, the invention provides a single-channel beam scanning device and method based on Faraday rotation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a single-channel beam scanning device based on Faraday rotation comprises a baseband processing module, a single radio frequency channel, an active feed network and an antenna array which are sequentially connected; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a baseband processing module: realizing modulation and demodulation processing of baseband information, and transmitting the processed baseband information out through a single radio frequency channel;
single radio frequency channel: transmitting the baseband information transmitted by the baseband processing module to an active feed network;
active feed network: the system comprises at least one Faraday polarization rotator, a signal receiving unit and a signal processing unit, wherein the Faraday polarization rotator is used for receiving baseband information transmitted by a single radio frequency channel, distributing power of the baseband information and transmitting the baseband information to antenna units in an antenna array;
antenna array: the active feed network comprises a plurality of antenna units, and each antenna unit receives baseband information transmitted by a Faraday rotator in the active feed network to realize beam scanning.
The signal polarization direction of the Faraday polarization rotator can be divided into a vertical vector and a horizontal vector, and the output ports of the polarizer are a vertical port and a horizontal port. When the polarization direction is 0 degrees, all signal energy is output through the horizontal port; when the polarization direction is 90 degrees, all signal energy is output through the vertical port; when the polarization direction is between 0 and 90 degrees, the two ports of the signal, which are vertical and horizontal, have energy output, and the energy distribution proportion of the two ports is controlled by the degree of the actual polarization direction.
On the basis of the scheme, the method further comprises the following steps:
the Faraday polarization rotator is a ferrite Faraday polarization rotator.
When a linearly polarized wave propagates in a longitudinally magnetized ferrite medium, the ferrite medium can decompose the linearly polarized wave into a right-handed circularly polarized wave and a left-handed circularly polarized wave, the two circularly polarized waves have different propagation speeds, and after the linearly polarized wave is transmitted for a certain distance, a vector of a linearly polarized wave field synthesized by the two circularly polarized waves rotates by a certain angle. The current in the ferrite magnetic circuit is controlled, the external magnetic field of the ferrite material is changed, and the change of the polarization direction of the linear polarized wave can be realized.
On the basis of the scheme, the method further comprises the following steps:
the baseband processing module is electrically connected with the active feed network and transmits a control signal to the active feed network to carry out beam scanning control.
On the basis of the scheme, the method further comprises the following steps:
active feed network: the device comprises a plurality of stages of Faraday polarization rotators, wherein each upper stage of Faraday polarization rotator corresponds to two lower stages of Faraday polarization rotators;
the baseband information transmitted by the single radio frequency channel is transmitted through the first-stage Faraday rotator, the baseband information after power distribution is transmitted to the antenna units in the antenna array through the n k-stage Faraday rotators, wherein k is 1+ log2 n，n≥1；
Antenna array: the active feed network comprises 2n antenna units, wherein every two antenna units correspond to one k-level Faraday rotator, and baseband information output by each k-level Faraday rotator in the active feed network is respectively transmitted into two antennas to realize beam scanning.
On the basis of the scheme, the method further comprises the following steps:
the baseband processing module is electrically connected with all Faraday rotators in the active feed network, and transmits specific control signals to the corresponding Faraday rotators to carry out beam scanning control.
A single-channel beam scanning method based on Faraday rotation is applied to the single-channel beam scanning device based on Faraday rotation and comprises the following steps:
s1: the baseband processing unit transmits the processed baseband information to an active feed network through a single radio frequency channel;
s2: according to the energy distribution scheme from a first antenna to a 2n antenna in the antenna array, the baseband processing unit transmits a control signal to the active feed network;
s3: the active feed network respectively adjusts the polarization directions of the Faraday rotators according to the received control signals, so that the power distribution proportion of the baseband information is changed;
s4: each antenna in the antenna array receives the allocated baseband information output by the corresponding k-stage Faraday rotator respectively, so that beam scanning is realized.
The polarization direction of the signal is changed by utilizing the Faraday effect, the signal polarization rotation direction of a Faraday rotator in the feed network is controlled, the signal power distribution of each antenna in the antenna array is changed, and beam synthesis scanning of the antenna array is achieved.
On the basis of the scheme, the method further comprises the following steps:
in step S2, the energy distribution scheme of the antenna array is to radiate 100% of baseband information to a certain antenna;
s3: the active feed network respectively adjusts the polarization directions of the Faraday rotators according to the received control signals, so that 100% of power of baseband information is distributed to a certain k-level Faraday rotator;
s4: outputting 100% of baseband information to a specified antenna by setting a polarization direction corresponding to the k-stage Faraday rotator to realize beam scanning; no other antenna receives the information.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the traditional phased array beam scanning adopts a multistage power divider and a VVA attenuator, signal energy is lost after signals of corresponding channels are attenuated, and beam scanning is realized through a passive feed network and an antenna array. Compared with the traditional electric scanning mode, the invention has higher signal radiation efficiency, the Faraday rotator is essentially transparent energy distribution, and the signal energy is completely transmitted to the later stage.
2. The device of the invention adopts a single radio frequency channel structure, only one radio frequency channel is needed in the whole system, and compared with the traditional large channel number of electrical scanning, the cost is reduced.
3. Because the insertion loss of the ferrite Faraday polarization rotator is lower than that of a switch in a high-frequency working environment, compared with the traditional scheme of switching beams by the switch, the transmission power is higher, and the communication distance is longer.
4. The invention can select between array beam scanning scheme and single antenna beam scanning scheme; the coverage range of the beam scanned by the single antenna beam is higher, and coarse scanning can be performed; the scanning capability of the array beam scanning scheme is stronger, and fine scanning can be performed after coarse scanning; therefore, the invention has the advantages of both multi-antenna array scanning and single-antenna scanning schemes.
Drawings
A further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention may be obtained from the following claims of the invention and the following description of the preferred embodiments when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Individual features of the different embodiments shown in the figures may be combined in any desired manner in this case without going beyond the scope of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an apparatus according to embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a scheme application device of embodiment 2 and embodiment 3.
The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a single-channel beam scanning apparatus based on faraday rotation includes a baseband processing module, a single radio frequency channel, an active feed network, and an antenna array, which are connected in sequence; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a baseband processing module: realizing modulation and demodulation processing of baseband information, and transmitting the processed baseband information out through a single radio frequency channel;
the baseband processing module is electrically connected with the active feed network and transmits a control signal to the active feed network to carry out beam scanning control.
Single radio frequency channel: and transmitting the baseband information transmitted by the baseband processing module to the active feed network.
Active feed network: the device comprises a plurality of stages of Faraday polarization rotators, wherein each upper stage of Faraday polarization rotator corresponds to two lower stages of Faraday polarization rotators;
the baseband information transmitted by the single radio frequency channel is transmitted through the first-stage Faraday rotator, the baseband information after power distribution is transmitted to the antenna units in the antenna array through the n k-stage Faraday rotators, wherein k is 1+ log2 n，n≥1；
Antenna array: the active feed network comprises 2n antenna units, wherein every two antenna units correspond to one k-level Faraday rotator, and baseband information output by each k-level Faraday rotator in the active feed network is respectively transmitted into two antennas to realize beam scanning.
In order to further achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention also proposes a second embodiment.
Example 2:
a faraday rotation-based single-channel array beam scanning method is applied to the faraday rotation-based single-channel beam scanning apparatus in embodiment 1, where n is 2 and k is 2, that is:
active feed network: the device comprises a primary Faraday polarization rotator, a secondary Faraday rotator and a secondary Faraday rotator, wherein the input ends of the secondary Faraday rotator and the secondary Faraday rotator are respectively connected with the output end of the primary Faraday polarization rotator;
antenna array: the antenna comprises 4 antennas, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna are connected with the output end of the second-stage first Faraday rotator, and the third antenna and the fourth antenna are connected with the output end of the second-stage second Faraday rotator.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the baseband processing unit transmits the processed baseband information to an active feed network through a single radio frequency channel;
s2: according to the energy distribution scheme from the first antenna to the fourth antenna in the antenna array, the baseband processing unit transmits a control signal to the active feed network;
s3: the active feed network respectively adjusts the polarization directions of the Faraday rotators according to the received control signals, so that the power distribution proportion of the baseband information is changed;
s4: each antenna in the antenna array receives the allocated baseband information output by the corresponding two-stage first Faraday rotator and the two-stage second Faraday rotator respectively, so that array beam scanning is realized.
To further achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention also proposes a third embodiment.
Example 3:
a single-channel single-antenna beam scanning method based on faraday rotation is applied to the single-channel beam scanning apparatus based on faraday rotation in embodiment 1, where n is 2 and k is 2, that is:
active feed network: the device comprises a primary Faraday polarization rotator, a secondary Faraday rotator and a secondary Faraday rotator, wherein the input ends of the secondary Faraday rotator and the secondary Faraday rotator are respectively connected with the output end of the primary Faraday polarization rotator;
antenna array: the antenna comprises 4 antennas, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna are connected with the output end of the second-stage first Faraday rotator, and the third antenna and the fourth antenna are connected with the output end of the second-stage second Faraday rotator.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the baseband processing unit transmits the processed baseband information to an active feed network through a single radio frequency channel;
s2: according to the scheme of energy distribution for radiating 100% of baseband information to the first antenna, the baseband processing unit transmits a control signal to the active feed network;
s3: the active feed network respectively adjusts the polarization directions of the Faraday rotators according to the received control signals, so that 100% of power of baseband information is distributed to the second-stage Faraday rotators;
s4: the second-stage first Faraday rotator outputs 100% of baseband information to the first antenna by setting the polarization direction to realize beam scanning; none of the other antennas are turned on.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes that are changed from the content of the present specification and the drawings, or are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A single-channel beam scanning device based on Faraday rotation is characterized by comprising a baseband processing module, a single radio frequency channel, an active feed network and an antenna array which are sequentially connected; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a baseband processing module: realizing modulation and demodulation processing of baseband information, and transmitting the processed baseband information out through a single radio frequency channel;
single radio frequency channel: transmitting the baseband information transmitted by the baseband processing module to an active feed network;
active feed network: the system comprises at least one Faraday polarization rotator, a signal receiving unit and a signal processing unit, wherein the Faraday polarization rotator is used for receiving baseband information transmitted by a single radio frequency channel, distributing power of the baseband information and transmitting the baseband information to antenna units in an antenna array;
antenna array: the active feed network comprises a plurality of antenna units, wherein each antenna unit respectively receives baseband information transmitted by a Faraday rotator in the active feed network to realize beam scanning;
active feed network: the device comprises a plurality of stages of Faraday polarization rotators, wherein each upper stage of Faraday polarization rotator corresponds to two lower stages of Faraday polarization rotators;
the baseband information transmitted by the single radio frequency channel is transmitted through the first-stage Faraday rotator, the baseband information after power distribution is transmitted to the antenna units in the antenna array through the n k-stage Faraday rotators, wherein k is 1+ log2n，n≥1；
Antenna array: the active feed network comprises 2n antenna units, wherein every two antenna units correspond to one k-level Faraday rotator, and baseband information output by each k-level Faraday rotator in the active feed network is respectively transmitted into two antennas to realize beam scanning.
2. A single channel beam scanning apparatus based on Faraday rotation according to claim 1, wherein the Faraday polarization rotator is a ferrite Faraday polarization rotator.
3. The faraday rotation-based single channel beam scanning apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the baseband processing module is electrically connected to the active feed network, and the baseband processing module transmits control signals to the active feed network to perform beam scanning control.
4. The single-channel beam scanning device based on faraday rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the baseband processing module is electrically connected to all faraday rotators in the active feeding network, and the baseband processing module transmits specific control signal to corresponding faraday rotator to perform beam scanning control.
5. A single-channel beam scanning method based on Faraday rotation is applied to the single-channel beam scanning device based on Faraday rotation of claim 4, and comprises the following steps:
s1: the baseband processing unit transmits the processed baseband information to an active feed network through a single radio frequency channel;
s2: according to the energy distribution scheme from a first antenna to a 2n antenna in the antenna array, the baseband processing unit transmits a control signal to the active feed network;
s3: the active feed network respectively adjusts the polarization directions of the Faraday rotators according to the received control signals, so that the power distribution proportion of the baseband information is changed;
s4: each antenna in the antenna array receives the allocated baseband information output by the corresponding k-stage Faraday rotator respectively, so that beam scanning is realized.
6. A Faraday rotation-based single channel beam scanning method according to claim 5,
in step S2, the energy distribution scheme of the antenna array is to radiate 100% of baseband information to a certain antenna;
s3: the active feed network respectively adjusts the polarization directions of the Faraday rotators according to the received control signals, so that 100% of power of baseband information is distributed to a certain k-level Faraday rotator;
s4: outputting 100% of baseband information to a specified antenna by setting a polarization direction corresponding to the k-stage Faraday rotator to realize beam scanning; no other antenna receives the information.
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