CN111313153A - Antenna unit, antenna and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Antenna unit, antenna and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111313153A CN111313153A CN202010131472.6A CN202010131472A CN111313153A CN 111313153 A CN111313153 A CN 111313153A CN 202010131472 A CN202010131472 A CN 202010131472A CN 111313153 A CN111313153 A CN 111313153A
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
- H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
Abstract
The invention provides an antenna unit, an antenna and electronic equipment, wherein the antenna unit comprises at least one radiator, each radiator is respectively provided with at least one first feed structure for generating mutually orthogonal first horizontal polarization and first vertical polarization, each radiator is respectively provided with at least one second feed structure for generating mutually orthogonal second horizontal polarization and second vertical polarization, the direction of the first horizontal polarization is different from that of the second horizontal polarization, and the direction of the first vertical polarization is different from that of the second vertical polarization. The antenna unit can generate radiation beams of various orthogonal polarization modes, an antenna array formed by the antenna unit can also provide the radiation beams of various orthogonal polarization modes, the maximum scanning of beam gain and scanning amplitude can be realized in multiple directions, the spatial beam coverage rate of the millimeter wave antenna array is improved, the signal intensity of the antenna is increased, and the communication quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to an antenna unit, an antenna and electronic equipment.
Background
The fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G) can provide higher communication speed, lower latency, and a larger number of simultaneous connections than the previous generation technologies. Millimeter wave communication technology with frequency band above 20GHz is one of the key technologies in 5G technology because of its very wide communication bandwidth. Since the millimeter wave band is divided into 5G bands in many countries and regions in the world, various electronic products, particularly mobile communication terminals such as mobile phones, equipped with millimeter wave antenna modules will be increasing in the future.
Because the propagation loss and the reflection loss of millimeter waves in space are large, the millimeter wave communication technical standard in the 5G technology stipulates that a millimeter wave antenna should have gain more than a certain degree to make up for various losses in a space link, so that the millimeter wave antenna is required to be in an antenna array form, phased array beam forming is realized by controlling phase difference among sub-antennas in the array, and a synthesized beam has high gain.
The existing millimeter wave antenna unit can only provide two orthogonal polarizations, namely horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, as shown in fig. 1, H represents horizontal polarization, and V represents vertical polarization. The antenna elements can only provide two mutually orthogonal polarizations after forming the array, and the beam formed into the edge-emitting array can only scan with the largest gain and the largest scanning amplitude in the direction parallel to the array element arrangement direction, for example, the 2x2 array can only scan in two directions parallel to the array element arrangement direction, as shown in fig. 2.
In an actual space environment, when an electromagnetic wave transmitted by a base station propagates to a terminal, the main polarization of the electromagnetic wave is not necessarily matched with the polarization direction of a millimeter wave antenna of the terminal, so that the strength of a signal received by the antenna is reduced, and the communication quality is influenced; in addition, the limitation of beam scanning after the millimeter wave antenna units form an array enables one millimeter wave array to scan with maximum gain and maximum scanning amplitude only in two mutually orthogonal directions at most, which causes that the spatial beam coverage of the millimeter wave antenna array is not high enough, and the communication quality is also affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides an antenna unit, an antenna and an electronic device, so as to solve the problems that the existing millimeter wave array can only perform scanning with maximum gain and maximum scanning amplitude in two mutually orthogonal directions at most, the spatial beam coverage of the millimeter wave antenna array is not high, the intensity of a signal received by the antenna is not high, and the communication quality is affected.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
the antenna comprises at least one radiator, wherein each radiator is provided with at least one first feed structure used for generating mutually orthogonal first horizontal polarization and first vertical polarization, each radiator is provided with at least one second feed structure used for generating mutually orthogonal second horizontal polarization and second vertical polarization, the direction of the first horizontal polarization is different from that of the second horizontal polarization, and the direction of the first vertical polarization is different from that of the second vertical polarization.
Wherein each of the first feeding structures is provided with a first feeding point for generating the first horizontal polarization, and each of the second feeding structures is provided with a third feeding point for generating the second horizontal polarization, and the antenna unit further includes:
a first feeding port for inputting or outputting a horizontally polarized feeding signal;
at least one first switch, a first end of each first switch is connected to the first feeding port, a second end of each first switch is connected to the corresponding first feeding point on the first feeding structure, a third end of each first switch is connected to the corresponding third feeding point on the second feeding structure, and when the first switch is in a first state, the first feeding port is conducted to the first feeding point; when the first selector switch is in a second state, the first feeding port is conducted with the third feeding point;
the first state is that the first end of the first switch is conducted with the second end of the first switch, and the second state is that the first end of the first switch is conducted with the third end of the first switch.
Wherein the antenna unit further comprises:
a first phase shifter, a first end of the first phase shifter is connected to the first feeding port, a second end of the first phase shifter is connected to the first end of each first switch, and the first phase shifter is configured to transmit a horizontally polarized feeding signal and control the first switches to switch between the first state and the second state.
Wherein the antenna unit further comprises:
a first horizontal phase shifter for transmitting a horizontally polarized feeding signal, a first end of the first horizontal phase shifter being connected to a second end of the first switch, a second end of the first horizontal phase shifter being connected to the first feeding point on each of the first feeding structures, respectively;
a second horizontal phase shifter for transmitting a horizontally polarized feeding signal, a first end of the second horizontal phase shifter being connected to a third end of the first switch, and a second end of the second horizontal phase shifter being connected to the third feeding point on each of the second feeding structures, respectively;
when the first switch is in the first state, the first feeding port is conducted with the first feeding point;
when the first switch is in the second state, the first feeding port is conducted with the third feeding point.
Wherein each of the first feeding structures is provided with a second feeding point for generating the first vertical polarization, and each of the second feeding structures is provided with a fourth feeding point for generating the second vertical polarization, respectively, and the antenna unit further includes:
a second feeding port for inputting or outputting a vertically polarized feeding signal;
at least one second switch, a first end of each second switch is connected to the second feeding port, a second end of each second switch is connected to the corresponding second feeding point on the first feeding structure, a third end of each second switch is connected to the corresponding fourth feeding point on the second feeding structure, and when the second switch is in a third state, the second feeding port is conducted to the second feeding point; when the second change-over switch is in a fourth state, the second feeding port is conducted with the fourth feeding point;
the third state is that the first end of the second switch is conducted with the second end of the second switch, and the fourth state is that the first end of the second switch is conducted with the third end of the second switch.
Wherein the antenna unit further comprises:
and a second phase shifter, a first end of which is connected to the second feeding port, a second end of which is connected to the first end of each second switch, respectively, and the second phase shifter is configured to transmit a vertically polarized feeding signal and control the second switches to switch between the third state and the fourth state.
Wherein the antenna unit further comprises:
a first vertical phase shifter for transmitting a vertically polarized feeding signal, a first end of the first vertical phase shifter being connected to a second end of the second switch, a second end of the first vertical phase shifter being connected to the second feeding point on each of the first feeding structures, respectively;
a second vertical phase shifter for transmitting a vertically polarized feeding signal, a first end of the second vertical phase shifter being connected to a third end of the second switch, and a second end of the second vertical phase shifter being connected to the fourth feeding point on each of the second feeding structures, respectively;
when the second selector switch is in the third state, the second feeding port is conducted with the second feeding point;
when the second switch is in the fourth state, the second feeding port is conducted with the fourth feeding point.
The antenna unit comprises a plurality of radiators which are arranged in an array.
In a second aspect, an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the antenna unit of the above-described embodiment.
In a third aspect, an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the antenna unit of the above-described embodiment.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present invention, each of the radiators is respectively provided with at least one first feeding structure for generating a first horizontal polarization and a first vertical polarization which are orthogonal to each other, each of the radiators is respectively provided with at least one second feeding structure for generating a second horizontal polarization and a second vertical polarization which are orthogonal to each other, a direction of the first horizontal polarization is different from a direction of the second horizontal polarization, and a direction of the first vertical polarization is different from a direction of the second vertical polarization. The antenna unit can generate radiation beams of various orthogonal polarization modes, an antenna array formed by the antenna unit can also provide the radiation beams of various orthogonal polarization modes, the maximum scanning of beam gain and scanning amplitude can be realized in multiple directions, the spatial beam coverage rate of the millimeter wave antenna array is improved, the signal intensity of the antenna is increased, and the communication quality is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a polarization direction of a conventional antenna unit;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of another polarization direction of a conventional antenna unit;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a polarization direction of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of another polarization direction of the antenna unit according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5a is a schematic diagram of the positions of a first feeding point and a second feeding point in an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5b is a schematic diagram of the positions of the third feeding point and the fourth feeding point in the antenna unit according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5c is a schematic diagram of a position of a feeding point on a radiator in an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of another polarization direction of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of another polarization direction of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a connection of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9a is a schematic diagram illustrating another position of a feeding point on a radiator in an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9b is a schematic diagram of another position of the feeding point on the radiator in the antenna unit according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is another schematic connection diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a further schematic diagram of a connection of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of an array of multiple radiators;
fig. 13a is a schematic diagram illustrating a beam scanning effect of the antenna in different directions according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13b is a schematic diagram illustrating another beam scanning effect of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention in different directions;
fig. 13c is a schematic diagram illustrating another beam scanning effect of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention in different directions;
fig. 13d is a schematic diagram of another beam scanning effect of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention in different directions.
Reference numerals
A radiator 10;
a first feeding point 11; a second feeding point 12; a third feeding point 13; a fourth feeding point 14;
a first feeding port 21; a first switch 22; a first phase shifter 23;
a first horizontal phase shifter 24; a first vertical phase shifter 25;
a second feeding port 31; a second changeover switch 32; a second phase shifter 33;
a second horizontal phase shifter 34; a second vertical phase shifter 35.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
An antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 3 to 13d of the drawings.
An antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: each radiator 10 is provided with at least one first feed structure for generating a first horizontal polarization and a first vertical polarization which are orthogonal to each other, each radiator 10 is provided with at least one second feed structure for generating a second horizontal polarization and a second vertical polarization which are orthogonal to each other, a direction of the first horizontal polarization is different from a direction of the second horizontal polarization, and a direction of the first vertical polarization is different from a direction of the second vertical polarization.
That is, the antenna unit is mainly composed of at least one radiator 10, and may have one or more radiators 10, for example, four radiators, wherein at least one first feeding structure may be respectively disposed on each radiator 10, the first feeding structure may have one or more first feeding structures, the first feeding structure may be configured to generate a first horizontal polarization (which may be shown as a in fig. 3 and 4) and a first vertical polarization (which may be shown as b in fig. 3 and 4) which are orthogonal to each other, at least one second feeding structure may be respectively disposed on each radiator 10, the second feeding structure may have one or more second feeding structures, the second feeding structure may be configured to generate a second horizontal polarization (which may be shown as c in fig. 3 and 4) and a second vertical polarization (which may be shown as d in fig. 3 and 4) which are orthogonal to each other, a direction of the first horizontal polarization is different from a direction of the second horizontal polarization, the angle between the direction of the first horizontal polarization and the direction of the second horizontal polarization may be an acute angle, for example, 45 degrees, and the direction of the first vertical polarization is different from the direction of the second vertical polarization. As shown in fig. 6, the included angle between the first horizontally polarized direction and the second horizontally polarized direction can also be selected as other angles according to needs. Through the first feed structure and the second feed structure, radiation beams in various orthogonal polarization directions can be generated, an antenna array formed by the antenna units can also provide radiation beams in various orthogonal polarization directions, the maximum scanning of beam gain and scanning amplitude can be realized in various directions, the spatial beam coverage rate of the millimeter wave antenna array is improved, the signal intensity of the antenna is increased, and the communication quality is improved.
In order to make the resonant frequencies of the four polarized feeds coincide during application, the radiator 10 may be a circle (as shown in fig. 6) or a regular polygon, which may be a regular polygon having the number of equal sides of a regular octagon (as shown in fig. 7), a regular hexadecimal shape, and a regular thirty-two polygon shape, which is a multiple of 8. The antenna element having the radiator 10 may be applied to a microstrip patch antenna, the circular radiator 10 may be applied to a circular microstrip patch antenna, and the right polygonal radiator 10 may be applied to a right polygonal microstrip patch antenna.
In some embodiments of the present invention, each of the first feeding structures may be respectively provided with a first feeding point 11 for generating a first horizontal polarization, through which the first horizontal polarization signal may be generated, and each of the second feeding structures may be respectively provided with a third feeding point 13 for generating a second horizontal polarization, through which the third feeding point 13 may be generated, and the distribution arrangement of the first feeding point 11 and the third feeding point 13 may be as shown in fig. 5a and 5 c.
As shown in fig. 8, the antenna unit further includes a first feeding port 21 through which a horizontally polarized feeding signal can be input or output, and at least one first switch 22; a first terminal of each first switch 22 is connected to the first feeding port 21, a second terminal of each first switch 22 can be connected to the first feeding point 11 on the corresponding first feeding structure, a third terminal of each first switch 22 is connected to the third feeding point 13 on the corresponding second feeding structure, and the first switch 22 can be switched between a first state and a second state, wherein the first state is that the first terminal of the first switch 22 is conducted with the second terminal of the first switch 22, and the second state is that the first terminal of the first switch 22 is conducted with the third terminal of the first switch 22; when the first switch 22 is in the first state, the first feeding port 21 is conducted with the first feeding point 11, and a first horizontally polarized signal can be transmitted between the first feeding port 21 and the first feeding point 11; when the first switch 22 is in the second state, the first feeding port 21 and the third feeding point 13 are conducted, and a second horizontally polarized signal can be transmitted between the first feeding port 21 and the third feeding point 13. By switching the first switch 22 between the first state and the second state, the first feeding port 21 and the first feeding point 11 can be selectively conducted to generate or transmit the first horizontally polarized signal, or the first feeding port 21 and the third feeding point 13 can be conducted to generate or transmit the second horizontally polarized signal, so as to select different polarization direction signals according to actual needs.
As shown in fig. 8, the antenna unit may further include a second feeding port 31 and at least one second switch 32, wherein the second feeding port 31 may be used for inputting or outputting a vertically polarized feeding signal; a first terminal of each second switch 32 is connected to the second feeding port 31, a second terminal of each second switch 32 is connected to the second feeding point 12 on the corresponding first feeding structure, a third terminal of each second switch 32 is connected to the fourth feeding point 14 on the corresponding second feeding structure, and the second switches 32 can be switched between a third state and a fourth state, wherein the third state is that the first terminal of the second switch 32 is conducted with the second terminal of the second switch 32, and the fourth state is that the first terminal of the second switch 32 is conducted with the third terminal of the second switch 32; when the second switch 32 is in the third state, the second feeding port 31 is connected to the second feeding point 12, and the second feeding point 12 can generate the first vertical polarization signal; when the second switch 32 is in the fourth state, the second feeding port 31 is connected to the fourth feeding point 14, and the fourth feeding point 14 can generate a second vertically polarized signal. By switching the second switch 32, the second feeding port 31 and the second feeding point 12 can be selectively conducted to transmit or generate the first vertically polarized signal, and the second feeding port 31 and the fourth feeding point 14 can be selectively conducted to transmit or generate the second vertically polarized signal, so as to select different polarization direction signals according to actual needs. In addition, the positions of the first feeding point 11 and the third feeding point 13 and the positions of the second feeding point 12 and the fourth feeding point 14 in fig. 8 can also be as shown in fig. 9a and 9b, and can be selected as needed.
In other embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 10, the antenna unit may further include a first phase shifter 23, a first end of the first phase shifter 23 is connected to the first feeding port 21, a second end of the first phase shifter 23 may be connected to a first end of each first switch 22, respectively, the first phase shifter 23 may be configured to transmit a horizontally polarized feeding signal, and the first switch 22 may be controlled to switch between a first state and a second state by the first phase shifter 23, so that signals with different polarization directions may be controlled to be generated or transmitted.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 10, the antenna unit may further include a second phase shifter 33, a first end of the second phase shifter 33 is connected to the second feeding port 31, a second end of the second phase shifter 33 is respectively connected to the first end of each second switch 32, the second phase shifter 33 may be configured to transmit a vertical polarization feeding signal, and the second switch 32 may be controlled by the second phase shifter 33 to switch between the third state and the fourth state, so as to control generation or transmission of signals in different vertical polarization directions as needed. There may be a plurality of radiators 10, for example, four radiators 10, there may be four first switches 22 and four second switches 32, each radiator 10 corresponds to one first switch 22 and one second switch 32, and the first switches 22 and the second switches 32 may be controlled simultaneously or independently as needed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 11, the antenna unit further includes a first horizontal phase shifter 24 and a second horizontal phase shifter 34, wherein the first horizontal phase shifter 24 may be used for transmitting horizontally polarized feeding signals, a first end of the first horizontal phase shifter 24 is connected to a second end of the first switch 22, and the second end of the first horizontal phase shifter 24 is respectively connected to the first feeding point 11 on each first feeding structure; a second horizontal phase shifter 34 may be used for transmitting horizontally polarized feed signals, a first terminal of the second horizontal phase shifter 34 being connected to a third terminal of the first switch 22, and a second terminal of the second horizontal phase shifter 34 being connected to a third feeding point 13 on each of said second feeding structures, respectively. When the first switch 22 is in the first state, the first feeding port 21 is conducted to the first feeding point 11, a signal in a first horizontal polarization direction can be transmitted between the first feeding port 21 and the first feeding point 11, and the first feeding point 11 can generate a first horizontal polarization; when the first switch 22 is in the second state, the first feeding port 21 and the third feeding point 13 are conducted, a second horizontally polarized signal can be transmitted between the first feeding port 21 and the third feeding point 13, and the third feeding point 13 can generate a second horizontal polarization.
In some embodiments of the present invention, each of the first feeding structures may be respectively provided with a second feeding point 12 for generating a first vertical polarization, through which the first vertical polarization signal can be generated, and each of the second feeding structures may be respectively provided with a fourth feeding point 14 for generating a second vertical polarization, through which the second vertical polarization signal can be generated, and the specific distribution positions of the second feeding point 12 and the fourth feeding point 14 may be as shown in fig. 5b and 5 c. On the same radiator, the feeding points may be distributed as shown in fig. 5c, or as shown in fig. 9a and 9b, a first horizontal polarization and a first vertical polarization can be simultaneously excited by the first feeding point 11 and the second feeding point 12 on the first feeding structure, and a second horizontal polarization and a second vertical polarization can be simultaneously excited by the third feeding point 13 and the fourth feeding point 14 on the second feeding structure. When a microstrip patch antenna is used as a millimeter wave antenna unit, in order to excite a first horizontal polarization and a first vertical polarization simultaneously, a first feeding point 11 and a second feeding point 12 can be arranged at appropriate positions of a group of mutually orthogonal patch center lines, and the first feeding point 11 and the second feeding point 12 can work simultaneously to excite and generate a group of mutually orthogonal radiation electromagnetic waves with two polarization directions; meanwhile, a third feeding point 13 and a fourth feeding point 14 can be additionally arranged at suitable positions of the middle lines of another group of mutually orthogonal patches of the microstrip patch antenna, so that a group of mutually orthogonal second horizontal polarization and second vertical polarization can be excited, the third feeding point 13 and the fourth feeding point 14 can work simultaneously to excite another group of mutually orthogonal radiation electromagnetic waves in two polarization directions, and radiation beams in multiple orthogonal polarization directions can be generated. In practical application, the first feeding point 11 and the second feeding point 12 can be selected to operate in a time-sharing manner, or the third feeding point 13 and the fourth feeding point 14 can operate, and two groups of dual-polarized radiation electromagnetic waves with different polarization directions can be respectively excited.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 11, the antenna unit further includes a first vertical phase shifter 25 and a second vertical phase shifter 35, the first vertical phase shifter 25 may be configured to transmit a vertically polarized feeding signal, the antenna unit may have a plurality of radiators 10, for example, four radiators 10, a first end of the first vertical phase shifter 25 is connected to a second end of the second switch 32, and a second end of the first vertical phase shifter 25 is connected to the second feeding point 12 on each first feeding structure. A second vertical phase shifter 35 may be used for transmitting vertically polarized feeding signals, a first terminal of the second vertical phase shifter 35 being connected to a third terminal of the second switch 32, and a second terminal of the second vertical phase shifter 35 being connected to the fourth feeding point 14 on each second feeding structure, respectively. When the second switch 32 is in the third state, the second feeding port 31 is connected to the second feeding point 12, and the second feeding point 12 can generate the first vertical polarization; when the second switch 32 is in the fourth state, the second feeding port 31 is connected to the fourth feeding point 14, and the fourth feeding point 14 can generate the second vertical polarization.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the antenna unit may include one or more radiators 10, and when the antenna unit includes a plurality of radiators 10, the plurality of radiators 10 may be disposed in an array, for example, the antenna unit may include four radiators 10, and the four radiators 10 may be disposed in an array of two rows and two columns, specifically, as shown in fig. 12, or disposed in an array of N rows and N columns, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 3. The antenna unit array with multiple radiators can generate polarization in multiple directions, and can provide radiation beams in multiple orthogonal polarization directions, as shown in fig. 13a to 13d, the radiator 10 array in two rows and two columns can realize maximum scanning of beam gain and scanning amplitude in multiple directions, thereby improving the spatial beam coverage of the millimeter wave antenna array and increasing the signal intensity of the antenna.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an antenna, where the antenna includes the antenna unit in the above embodiment, and the antenna with the antenna unit can provide radiation beams in multiple orthogonal polarization directions, and can implement maximum scanning of beam gain and scanning amplitude in multiple directions, improve spatial beam coverage of a millimeter wave antenna array, increase signal strength of the antenna, and improve communication quality.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes the antenna unit described in the above embodiment. The electronic device may include a plurality of antenna units, and the plurality of antenna units may be arranged in an array of rows and columns, for example, four antenna units may be in an array of two rows and two columns, and the electronic device having the antenna units may improve the spatial beam coverage of the millimeter wave antenna array, increase the signal strength of the antenna, and improve the communication quality.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships are changed accordingly.
While the foregoing is directed to alternative embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and it is intended that such changes and modifications be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An antenna unit, comprising:
the antenna comprises at least one radiator, wherein each radiator is provided with at least one first feed structure used for generating mutually orthogonal first horizontal polarization and first vertical polarization, each radiator is provided with at least one second feed structure used for generating mutually orthogonal second horizontal polarization and second vertical polarization, the direction of the first horizontal polarization is different from that of the second horizontal polarization, and the direction of the first vertical polarization is different from that of the second vertical polarization.
2. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein each of the first feeding structures is provided with a first feeding point for generating the first horizontal polarization, and each of the second feeding structures is provided with a third feeding point for generating the second horizontal polarization, the antenna element further comprising:
a first feeding port for inputting or outputting a horizontally polarized feeding signal;
at least one first switch, a first end of each first switch is connected to the first feeding port, a second end of each first switch is connected to the corresponding first feeding point on the first feeding structure, a third end of each first switch is connected to the corresponding third feeding point on the second feeding structure, and when the first switch is in a first state, the first feeding port is conducted to the first feeding point; when the first selector switch is in a second state, the first feeding port is conducted with the third feeding point;
the first state is that the first end of the first switch is conducted with the second end of the first switch, and the second state is that the first end of the first switch is conducted with the third end of the first switch.
3. The antenna unit of claim 2, further comprising:
a first phase shifter, a first end of the first phase shifter is connected to the first feeding port, a second end of the first phase shifter is connected to the first end of each first switch, and the first phase shifter is configured to transmit a horizontally polarized feeding signal and control the first switches to switch between the first state and the second state.
4. The antenna unit of claim 2, further comprising:
a first horizontal phase shifter for transmitting a horizontally polarized feeding signal, a first end of the first horizontal phase shifter being connected to a second end of the first switch, a second end of the first horizontal phase shifter being connected to the first feeding point on each of the first feeding structures, respectively;
a second horizontal phase shifter for transmitting a horizontally polarized feeding signal, a first end of the second horizontal phase shifter being connected to a third end of the first switch, and a second end of the second horizontal phase shifter being connected to the third feeding point on each of the second feeding structures, respectively;
when the first switch is in the first state, the first feeding port is conducted with the first feeding point;
when the first switch is in the second state, the first feeding port is conducted with the third feeding point.
5. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein each of the first feeding structures is provided with a second feeding point for generating the first vertical polarization, and each of the second feeding structures is provided with a fourth feeding point for generating the second vertical polarization, the antenna element further comprising:
a second feeding port for inputting or outputting a vertically polarized feeding signal;
at least one second switch, a first end of each second switch is connected to the second feeding port, a second end of each second switch is connected to the corresponding second feeding point on the first feeding structure, a third end of each second switch is connected to the corresponding fourth feeding point on the second feeding structure, and when the second switch is in a third state, the second feeding port is conducted to the second feeding point; when the second change-over switch is in a fourth state, the second feeding port is conducted with the fourth feeding point;
the third state is that the first end of the second switch is conducted with the second end of the second switch, and the fourth state is that the first end of the second switch is conducted with the third end of the second switch.
6. The antenna unit of claim 5, further comprising:
and a second phase shifter, a first end of which is connected to the second feeding port, a second end of which is connected to the first end of each second switch, respectively, and the second phase shifter is configured to transmit a vertically polarized feeding signal and control the second switches to switch between the third state and the fourth state.
7. The antenna unit of claim 5, further comprising:
a first vertical phase shifter for transmitting a vertically polarized feeding signal, a first end of the first vertical phase shifter being connected to a second end of the second switch, a second end of the first vertical phase shifter being connected to the second feeding point on each of the first feeding structures, respectively;
a second vertical phase shifter for transmitting a vertically polarized feeding signal, a first end of the second vertical phase shifter being connected to a third end of the second switch, and a second end of the second vertical phase shifter being connected to the fourth feeding point on each of the second feeding structures, respectively;
when the second selector switch is in the third state, the second feeding port is conducted with the second feeding point;
when the second switch is in the fourth state, the second feeding port is conducted with the fourth feeding point.
8. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the antenna unit comprises a plurality of the radiators arranged in an array.
9. An antenna comprising an antenna unit according to any of claims 1-8.
10. An electronic device, characterized in that it comprises an antenna unit according to any of claims 1-8.
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| CN202010131472.6A CN111313153A (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-02-28 | Antenna unit, antenna and electronic equipment |
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| CN202010131472.6A CN111313153A (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-02-28 | Antenna unit, antenna and electronic equipment |
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| EP4164061A4 (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2023-11-15 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Dual polarization antenna and electronic device including same |
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