CN112421054A - Ti4O7Preparation method of porous electrode and microbial fuel cell - Google Patents
Ti4O7Preparation method of porous electrode and microbial fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Ti4O7A preparation method of a porous electrode and a microbial fuel cell are used for recovering electric energy from sewage, and belong to the field of sewage treatment and recycling. Ti proposed by the invention4O7The porous electrode adopts Ti4O7The particles are used as raw materials and are prepared by a sodium chloride NaCl template method by utilizing a plasma sintering technology (SPS). The aperture of the electrode is 60-100 mu m, and the electrode is used as an MFC anode, so that compared with the traditional carbon cloth electrode, the power generation performance of the MFC can be improved, and the power density is improved by 2.4 times. The porous electrode with the pore diameter of 60-100 mu m has larger specific surface area, provides more active sites, can load more functional microorganisms, is beneficial to electron transfer between the microorganisms and an electrode interface, and has obvious effect on improving the electricity generation performance of the MFCThe method has obvious advantages. Ti of the invention4O7The preparation method of the porous electrode is simple and rapid, the power generation performance of the MFC is enhanced, and the practical application potential of the MFC technology is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sewage treatment and recycling technology, in particular to Ti4O7A preparation method of the porous electrode and application of the porous electrode as an anode of a microbial fuel cell for high-efficiency recovery of electric energy.
Background
The organic pollutants contained in the sewage contain abundant chemical energy which is 9-10 times of the energy required by the water treatment process. The realization of sewage treatment energy self-supply or energy production and the promotion of the development of water treatment to the direction of resource utilization and sustainability are important directions of the current water treatment technology innovation.
Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology converts chemical energy of organic matter in sewage into directly usable electric energy by using microbes as catalysts, has the advantages of wide substrate utilization range, small influence of temperature, high energy conversion rate and the like, and has recently received wide attention of domestic and foreign scholars. At present, the output current of the MFC is low, and the MFC belongs to the main problem that low-grade electric energy is difficult to directly utilize and is restricted in large-scale application. The essential of the MFC electricity generation is that microorganisms on the anode catalyze decomposition of organic matters and transfer of electrons to the electrode (anode) is realized, so the microbial load and the electron transfer rate are key problems influencing the electricity generation of the MFC. The anode material not only directly influences the attachment and growth of microbial cells on the electrode, determines the microbial load of the electrode, influences the formation and structure of an electrode biofilm, and further influences the direct/indirect transfer rate of electrons from the microbes to the electrode, so that the anode material is an extremely important factor for determining the electricity generation performance of the MFC.
The three-dimensional electrode pore structure can realize the growth and the propagation of microorganisms in the electrode, and effectively increase the microorganism load, thereby improving the output current of the MFC, so the pore structure is an important factor for the development and the optimization of the MFC anode material. However, no suitable range of electrode pore structures is currently contemplated in the present study. In addition, research shows that the novel ceramic material (Ti) with strong conductivity, high chemical stability and low cost is utilized4O7、Ti5O9Etc.) can be used as an MFC anode material to improve the electricity generation performance. Thus, titanium (Ti) suboxide is used4O7The porous electrodes with different pore structures are designed and prepared from the beginning, and Ti is optimized4O7The porous electrode pore structure enriches more functional microorganisms so as to improve the electricity generation performance of the MFC, and lays a foundation for promoting the practical application of the MFC technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims at the current wastewater resource treatment requirement, aims at the urgent need of MFC to improve the electric energy recovery efficiency and solves the restrictive problem of large-scale application of MFC anode materials, and provides Ti4O7The preparation method of the porous electrode applies the electrode to a multi-anode shared cathode MFC system, realizes the improvement of the power generation performance of the MFC, and lays a foundation for the practical application of the MFC technology in realizing the wastewater reclamation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a microbial fuel cell with multiple anodes and a shared cathode comprises 1 shared cathode and 4 anodes, wherein the shared cathode is positioned in the middle of a reactor, the 4 anodes surround the shared cathode, are bonded and are separated by an ion exchange membrane, and anode liquid is contained in the ion exchange membrane, and cathode liquid is contained outside the ion exchange membrane; the shared cathode is a carbon brush, and the anode is Ti4O7Porous electrode, Ti4O7The preparation method of the porous electrode comprises the following steps: (1) selecting Ti4O7The particles are used as raw materials; (2) NaCl particles with different particle sizes are obtained by taking the NaCl particles as a pore-forming agent and adopting a grinding methodScreening out particles of 60-100 mu m; (3) adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol to the mixture to obtain Ti4O7Uniformly mixing with NaCl particles by adopting a wet mixing method; (4) placing the mixed powder in an SPS tubular graphite die for plasma sintering, wherein the parameters of the plasma sintering process are as follows: the temperature program is 0-570 ℃ for 2.5 min; 570-600 ℃, 1 min, 600-700 ℃, 2 min, 700-770 ℃, 2.5 min, 770 ℃ and 13 min; the system pressure is kept at 20 MPa; (5) after sintering, preparing an electrode wafer with the diameter of 2cm and the thickness of 2 mm; putting the electrode wafer into boiling water to be heated for 5 hours to dissolve NaCl particles out, thereby preparing Ti with the pore size of 60-100 mu m4O7A porous electrode.
Ti4O7The preparation method of the porous electrode comprises the following steps: (1) selecting Ti4O7The particles are used as raw materials; (2) taking NaCl particles as a pore-forming agent, obtaining NaCl particles with different particle sizes by adopting a grinding method, and screening out particles with the particle size of 60-100 mu m; (3) adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol to the mixture to obtain Ti4O7Uniformly mixing with NaCl particles by adopting a wet mixing method; (4) placing the mixed powder in an SPS tubular graphite die for plasma sintering, wherein the parameters of the plasma sintering process are as follows: the temperature program is 0-570 ℃ for 2.5 min; 570-600 ℃, 1 min, 600-700 ℃, 2 min, 700-770 ℃, 2.5 min, 770 ℃ and 13 min; the system pressure is kept at 20 MPa; (5) after sintering, preparing an electrode wafer with the diameter of 2cm and the thickness of 2 mm; putting the electrode wafer into boiling water to be heated for 5 hours to dissolve NaCl particles out, thereby preparing Ti with the pore size of 60-100 mu m4O7A porous electrode.
Compared with the prior art, the anode material used in the invention is Ti4O7The conductive material has high conductivity and good biocompatibility, and is beneficial to the enrichment of microorganisms. Secondly, the invention regulates and controls the aperture of the electrode, obtains the influence of the aperture of the electrode on the recovery of the electric energy of the MFC, and provides a foundation for the preparation of porous electrode materials in the future. Thirdly, the plasma sintering used in the present inventionThe technology, which is characterized in that hot pressing and resistance heating are carried out simultaneously, is rapid, environment-friendly, energy-saving and simple to operate, can realize rapid manufacture of the required electrode, and further is Ti4O7The electrode lays a foundation for large-scale application of the MFC electrode. Fourthly, the multi-anode shared cathode MFC system avoids the influence of the cathode, and the performance of the electrode is more accurately and conveniently tested by utilizing the system.
The method has the specific other advantages that (1) NaCl particles are used as a pore-forming agent, and particles with the particle size of 60-100 mu m are ground and screened out; ti prepared by plasma sintering technology4O7The pore size of the porous electrode is 60-100 μm. The size of the electrode pore size is determined by the size of the NaCl particles, independent of the other components. And the method of the invention only retains NaCl and Ti during sintering4O7The granules have no other components, the absolute ethyl alcohol added in the wet mixing process is volatilized, the components are very simple and pure, no impurities exist, no binder exists, and no extrusion and injection molding processes are needed.
(2) The invention selects NaCl particles as pore-forming agent and excludes other pore-forming agent, based on the characteristics of NaCl particles: the NaCl particles are colorless and transparent cubic crystals, have a melting point of 801 ℃, are easy to deliquesce when containing impurities, are soluble in water or glycerol, are insoluble in ethanol and hydrochloric acid, and have neutral aqueous solution. The solubility of the NaCl particles in water may also increase slightly with increasing temperature. In addition, the NaCl particles are cheap and easy to obtain, so that the cost can be reduced by selecting the NaCl particles as the pore-forming agent. And the NaCl particles are neutral, non-toxic and harmless, and cannot cause environmental pollution.
The invention prepares Ti4O7The porous electrodes were all designed based on the characteristics of the NaCl particles, specifically: in the step (2), the NaCl particles with the size of 60-100 μm are selected, because the invention is compared with the NaCl particles with other sizes (10-30 μm, 40-60 μm, 300-500 μm) through experiments, and the conclusion is concluded that when the NaCl particles with the size of 60-100 μm are used for manufacturing the electrode with the aperture size of 60-100 μm, the electrode is used as the MFC anode, and the electricity generation performance is higher. Is embodied in the condition that other experimental conditions are unchangedCompared with the traditional carbon cloth electrode, the MFC has improved electricity generation performance and improved power density by 2.4 times. And, compared with other porous Ti having smaller pore diameters (10 to 30 μm, 40 to 60 μm) and larger pore diameters (300 to 500 μm)4O7An electrode of Ti with a pore diameter of 60 to 100 μm4O7The electrode is applied to an MFC system, the MFC of the scheme of the invention has the advantages of higher electricity generation performance, improved power density by more than 30 percent and fastest domestication starting time, thus the electrode belongs to the optimal choice.
(3) Furthermore, the characteristic that NaCl particles are soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol is utilized. In the step (2) of the present invention, anhydrous ethanol is used for the two materials (Ti)4O7Particles and NaCl particles) to avoid melting of the NaCl particles. And Ti is analyzed from the weight ratio of the material components4O7And NaCl particles were about 2: 1, because when the NaCl particle proportion is too much, the prepared porous electrode has poor adhesion and is easy to break (the adhesion refers to Ti4O7The particles themselves are produced after sintering and the entire process of the invention does not add any binder). When the NaCl particle proportion is too small, the prepared porous electrode has insufficient pores, the specific surface area is small, the supported multifunctional microorganism is limited, and the MFC electricity generation performance is not ideal. The absolute ethanol should not be used in larger or smaller quantities, since the wet mixing is less likely to occur, since too dry results in a non-uniform mixing of the two substances. More liquid is formed, so that the two substances are too dilute and the volatilization time is too long, and the subsequent loading and plasma sintering of the SPS tubular graphite mould are not facilitated.
(4) In addition, the step (4) of the present invention is to use a plasma sintering process, and it should be noted that not all systems composed of charged particles are plasmas, and only the charged particle systems having the plasma characteristics can be called plasmas. Plasmas are systems consisting of a large number of negatively and positively charged particles (sometimes with neutral particles), with quasi-electroneutrality on the volume and time scales, and dominated by the collective effect of particle motion and behavior under electromagnetic and other long-range forces. Plasma sintering (simple)Called SPS) is a rapid powder sintering method by applying ON-OFF DC pulse voltage of a dedicated power control device to Ti4O7The NaCl particles can be used to effectively utilize Ti in the initial stage of pulse discharge in addition to the sintering promoting action (discharge impact pressure and Joule heating) caused by the usual discharge machining4O7The spark discharge phenomenon (instantaneous high-temperature plasma generation) between the NaCl particle powder and the NaCl particle powder causes the sintering promotion effect to realize the rapid sintering of densification through instantaneous high-temperature sound. The plasma sintering process has the characteristics of uniform heating, high temperature rise speed, low sintering temperature, high density and the like. The whole sintering process can be finished in about 20 minutes, so that the efficiency is effectively improved, and the time is saved. Particularly, the invention can achieve the adhesion effect by directly adopting plasma sintering, does not need to add any binder in the material formula, and does not need any equipment such as an extruder, an injection molding machine and the like and related processes.
(5) In addition, the invention also controls the parameters of the plasma sintering process based on the characteristic that the melting point of NaCl particles is 801 ℃, and the parameters are set as follows: the temperature program is 0-570 ℃ for 2.5 min; 570-600 ℃, 1 min, 600-700 ℃, 2 min, 700-770 ℃, 2.5 min, 770 ℃ and 13 min; the system pressure is kept between 20 and 22 MPa. The highest sintering temperature cannot exceed the melting point of NaCl particles, the highest sintering temperature of the method is 770 ℃ and less than 801 ℃, and due to the fact that the temperature is too high, the NaCl particles are melted, the material collapses, and pores cannot be formed. And the plasma sintering process is carried out in a vacuum environment, the system pressure is controlled to be kept at 20-22 MPa, and when the pressure is too low (less than 10 MPa), the electrode plates obtained by sintering are loose and easy to crack and crush. When the pressure is too high (more than 30 MPa), the electrode sheet is directly crushed and cannot be molded.
(6) In addition, the electrode disk sintered in step (5) of the present invention has a diameter of 2cm and a thickness of 2 mm, and is not preferably too thin because the NaCl particles themselves have a certain size and thickness, and when the powder is too thin filled in the SPS tubular graphite mold, there is not enough thickness to support the NaCl particles, which may cause the electrode disk to be loose after the NaCl particles are dissolved out, and the molding fails. An excessively thick electrode disk may not allow the NaCl particles inside to be dissolved out.
The electrode wafer is put into boiling water to be heated for 5 hours, and the process for dissolving out the NaCl particles is based on that the solubility of the NaCl particles in the water can be slightly increased along with the rise of the temperature, the high-temperature boiling water can increase the activity of water molecules, the dissolving out of the NaCl particles can be accelerated, the NaCl particles are ensured to be dissolved out more completely, and only Ti is kept after 5 hours4O7A single component.
In combination with the above, the present invention provides Ti4O7The porous electrode adopts Ti4O7The method for preparing the particles by using the plasma sintering technology (SPS) through the NaCl template method, which is the raw material, not only has very simple and pure raw material selection, but also considers the least simple preparation steps and the least cost to achieve the optimal effect. The porous electrode prepared by the method is used as an anode of a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) to recover electric energy from sewage, and contributes to low-cost sewage treatment.
To more clearly illustrate the structural features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a multi-anode shared cathode MFC system constructed in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows Ti in a first embodiment of the present invention4O7And (4) a porous electrode object diagram.
FIG. 3 shows Ti in a first embodiment of the present invention4O7An electrode SEM with a porous electrode aperture of 60-100 μm.
FIG. 4 shows Ti in a second embodiment of the present invention4O7An electrode SEM with the aperture of the porous electrode being 300-500 μm.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a carbon cloth electrode in a comparative example of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the MFC start-up times for examples 1 and 2 of the present invention and for comparative examples.
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the power generation performance of MFCs applied in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention and comparative examples.
The attached drawings indicate the following:
10. shared cathode
20. Anode
30. An ion exchange membrane.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention relates to a multi-anode shared cathode microbial fuel cell, which comprises a structure comprising 1 shared cathode 10 and 4 anodes 20, wherein the shared cathode 10 is located in the middle of a reactor, and the 4 anodes 20 surround the shared cathode; the shared cathode 10 is a carbon brush, and the anode 20 is Ti4O7A porous electrode. The operating environment of the microbial fuel cell belongs to a micro-aerobic system, and the treated wastewater does not need to be kept in an anaerobic state. Simulated wastewater is used for acclimatization and starting of the microbial fuel cell, and the components of the simulated wastewater comprise 1 g/L sodium acetate, 11.55 g/L disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, 2.77 g/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, 0.31 g/L ammonia chloride, 0.13 g/L potassium chloride, 1 ml of trace elements and 1 ml of mineral elements.
The Ti4O7The preparation method of the porous electrode comprises the following steps: (1) selecting Ti4O7Particles as a raw material, Ti4O7The particle size of the particles is 2-5 μm or 200-500 nm, preferably 2-5 μm; (2) taking NaCl particles as a pore-forming agent, and obtaining NaCl particles with different particle sizes by a grinding method, wherein the NaCl particles have four grades of 10-30, 40-60, 60-100 and 300-500 mu m, and the preferable grade is 60-100 mu m; (3) taking 1 part of NaCl particles and 2 parts of Ti by weight4O7Particles, 0.2-0.5 part of absolute ethyl alcohol, and wet mixing the Ti4O7Mixing with NaCl grains; (4) placing the mixed powder in an SPS tubular graphite die for plasma sintering, wherein the parameters of the plasma sintering process are as follows:the temperature program is 0-570 ℃ for 2.5 min; 570-600 ℃, 1 min, 600-700 ℃, 2 min, 700-770 ℃, 2.5 min, 770 ℃ and 13 min; the system pressure is kept between 20 and 22 MPa; (5) after sintering, preparing an electrode wafer with the diameter of 2cm and the thickness of 2 mm; putting the electrode wafer into boiling water to be heated for 5 hours to dissolve out NaCl particles, thereby preparing Ti with the aperture sizes of four grades of 10-30, 40-60, 60-100 and 300-500 mu m4O7A porous electrode (see fig. 2).
Example 1
Grinding NaCl particles with the particle size of 300 mu m by adopting a grinding method, screening by using a screening device, and weighing 0.5 g of NaCl particles with the particle size of 60-100 mu m; weighing Ti with the particle size of 2-5 mu m4O71.0 g of particles, and wet mixing the two particles, wherein the wet mixing is to uniformly mix NaCl particles and Ti by adopting 0.25g of absolute ethyl alcohol4O7The particles, absolute ethanol, were then completely evaporated. A total of 1.5 g of the mixed powder was placed in an SPS graphite apparatus and sintered. The SPS sintering procedure is carried out at 0-570 ℃ for 2.5 min; 570-600 ℃, 1 min, 600-700 ℃, 2 min, 700-770 ℃, 2.5 min, 770 ℃ and 13 min; the system pressure is kept at 20 MPa, and the wafer with the diameter of 2cm and the thickness of 2 mm is sintered. Heating the wafer in the wastewater for 5 hours to dissolve NaCl in the wafer, thereby preparing Ti with the pore size of 60-100 mu m4O7A porous electrode (as shown in figure 3).
A multi-anode shared cathode MFC reaction system was prepared by centering a 5cm long, 2cm wide, and 5cm high plexiglass reactor, with 4 identical reactors bonded around it and separated by ion exchange membrane 30. Prepared Ti4O7The porous electrode is used as an MFC anode, the carbon brush is used as a cathode, the components of anolyte are 1 g/L sodium acetate, 11.55 g/L disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, 2.77 g/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, 0.31 g/L ammonia chloride, 0.13 g/L potassium chloride, 1 ml of trace elements and 1 ml of mineral elements, the catholyte is 0.1 mol/L potassium ferricyanide and 50 mmol/LPBS solution, the external resistance is 1000 omega, and the electrogenesis performance analysis is carried out.
Example 2
Same as the embodiment1, the difference lies in that NaCl particles with the particle size of 300 mu m are recrystallized and ground, 0.5 g of NaCl particles with the particle size of 300-500 mu m are weighed, 0.5 g of absolute ethyl alcohol is adopted during wet mixing, and Ti with the pore size of 300-500 mu m is prepared4O7A porous electrode (as shown in fig. 4) and was tested as the MFC anode for electrogenic performance.
Comparative example
A carbon cloth electrode (shown in FIG. 5) having a diameter (2 cm) similar to that of Ti indicated in examples 1 and 2 above was prepared by a conventional method4O7The porous electrodes are the same in size and are used as MFC anodes for electrogenesis performance tests.
Experimental studies on the power generation efficiency were performed using the electrodes prepared according to examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples, applied to a multi-anode shared cathode MFC reaction system.
As shown in FIG. 6, examples 1 and 2 were formed with Ti as compared to the carbon cloth electrode of the comparative example in terms of the time required for MFC start-up4O7The time required for starting the MFC with the porous electrode as the anode is short, the porous electrode with the pore diameter of 60-100 mu m in example 1 is started fastest, the peak value is reached in about 7 days, and the carbon cloth electrode with the pore diameter of 300-500 mu m in example 2 and the carbon cloth electrode in the comparative example are both reached in about 14 days. And after reaching the plateau, regardless of the pore size Ti4O7The porous electrodes all generate the same voltage.
As shown in FIG. 7, examples 1 and 2 have higher current densities than the carbon cloth electrode of the comparative example in view of current densities, and the highest current densities of examples 1 and 2 were calculated to be 77.0 mA cm-2While the current density of the comparative example was only 63.7 mA cm-2. In FIG. 6, the maximum power density of example 1 is 1.9. + -. 0.2 W.m-2Example 2 had a maximum power density of 1.4. + -. 0.2 W.m-2Compared with the control example (0.8 +/-0.02 W.m)-2) Respectively increased by 2.4 times and 1.8 times. The above description explains Ti prepared by the preparation method proposed by the present invention4O7The porous electrode used as the MFC anode has higher electrogenesis performance, and lays a foundation for promoting the practical application of the MFC technology.
Except thatIn addition, the present invention is directed to more precisely test Ti4O7The performance of the porous electrode also prepares Ti with smaller aperture (10-30, 40-60 mu m)4O7The electrode plate still has Ti with the aperture of 60-100 mu m in the comprehensive performance test4O7The electrode sheet is optimal.
In summary, the design focus of the present invention is the proposed Ti4O7The porous electrode adopts Ti4O7The particles are used as raw materials and are prepared by a sodium chloride NaCl template method by utilizing a plasma sintering technology (SPS). The aperture of the electrode is 60-100 mu m, and the electrode is used as an MFC anode, so that compared with the traditional carbon cloth electrode, the power generation performance of the MFC can be improved, and the power density is improved by 2.4 times. The porous electrode with the pore diameter of 60-100 mu m has larger specific surface area, provides more active sites, can load more functional microorganisms, is beneficial to electron transfer between the microorganisms and an electrode interface, and has obvious advantages in the aspect of improving the electricity generation performance of the MFC. Ti of the invention4O7The preparation method of the porous electrode is simple and rapid, the power generation performance of the MFC is enhanced, and the practical application potential of the MFC technology is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A multi-anode cathode-sharing microbial fuel cell, comprising: the reactor comprises 1 shared cathode and 4 anodes, wherein the shared cathode is positioned in the middle of the reactor, the 4 anodes surround the shared cathode to be bonded and are separated by an ion exchange membrane, and anolyte is arranged in the ion exchange membrane and catholyte is arranged outside the ion exchange membrane; the shared cathode is a carbon brush, and the anode is Ti4O7Porous electrode, Ti4O7The preparation method of the porous electrode comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting Ti4O7The particles are used as raw materials;
(2) taking NaCl particles as a pore-forming agent, obtaining NaCl particles with different particle sizes by adopting a grinding method, and screening out particles with the particle size of 60-100 mu m;
(3) taking 1 part of NaCl particles and 2 parts of Ti by weight4O7Particles, 0.2-0.5 part of absolute ethyl alcohol, and wet mixing the Ti4O7Mixing with NaCl grains;
(4) placing the mixed powder in an SPS tubular graphite die for plasma sintering, wherein the parameters of the plasma sintering process are as follows: the temperature program is 0-570 ℃ for 2.5 min; 570-600 ℃, 1 min, 600-700 ℃, 2 min, 700-770 ℃, 2.5 min, 770 ℃ and 13 min; the system pressure is kept between 20 and 22 MPa;
(5) after sintering, preparing an electrode wafer with the diameter of 2cm and the thickness of 2 mm; putting the electrode wafer into boiling water to be heated for 5 hours to dissolve NaCl particles out, thereby preparing Ti with the pore size of 60-100 mu m4O7A porous electrode.
2. The multi-anode shared-cathode microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the Ti4O7The particle size of the particles is 2-5 μm.
3. The multi-anode shared-cathode microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the operating environment of the microbial fuel cell belongs to a micro-aerobic system, and the treated wastewater does not need to be kept in an anaerobic state.
4. The multi-anode shared-cathode microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the microbial fuel cell domestication starting uses simulated wastewater, and the components of the simulated wastewater are 1 g/L sodium acetate, 11.55 g/L disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, 2.77 g/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, 0.31 g/L ammonia chloride, 0.13 g/L potassium chloride, 1 ml trace elements and 1 ml mineral elements.
5. Ti4O7The preparation method of the porous electrode is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises thatThe method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting Ti4O7The particles are used as raw materials;
(2) taking NaCl particles as a pore-forming agent, obtaining NaCl particles with different particle sizes by adopting a grinding method, and screening out particles with the particle size of 60-100 mu m;
(3) adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol to the mixture to obtain Ti4O7Uniformly mixing with NaCl particles by adopting a wet mixing method;
(4) placing the mixed powder in an SPS tubular graphite die for plasma sintering, wherein the parameters of the plasma sintering process are as follows: the temperature program is 0-570 ℃ for 2.5 min; 570-600 ℃, 1 min, 600-700 ℃, 2 min, 700-770 ℃, 2.5 min, 770 ℃ and 13 min; the system pressure is kept between 20 and 22 MPa;
(5) after sintering, preparing an electrode wafer with the diameter of 2cm and the thickness of 2 mm; putting the electrode wafer into boiling water to be heated for 5 hours to dissolve NaCl particles out, thereby preparing Ti with the pore size of 60-100 mu m4O7A porous electrode.
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| CN113292139A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-24 | 东莞理工学院 | Titanium oxide/MXene/Co3O4Composite electrode and preparation method thereof |
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