CN112420235A - Combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device - Google Patents
Combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112420235A CN112420235A CN202011154145.9A CN202011154145A CN112420235A CN 112420235 A CN112420235 A CN 112420235A CN 202011154145 A CN202011154145 A CN 202011154145A CN 112420235 A CN112420235 A CN 112420235A
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- beryllium
- neutron
- sleeve
- amo
- americium
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- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- GABXYUQCUHMHDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N americium dioxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[Am+4] GABXYUQCUHMHDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052695 Americium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LXQXZNRPTYVCNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N americium atom Chemical compound [Am] LXQXZNRPTYVCNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
- G21G4/00—Radioactive sources
- G21G4/02—Neutron sources
Abstract
The invention provides a combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device which comprises a neutron emission system and a vacuum system, wherein the neutron emission system comprises a basic unit sleeve and a plurality of groups of americium-beryllium neutron emission basic units, each americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit comprises a metal sleeve, the top end inside the metal sleeve is provided with a beryllium layer base and a beryllium sheet, and the bottom inside the metal sleeve is provided with AmO2Coated base and AmO2The vacuum system is communicated with each metal sleeve, and the vacuum degree in the metal sleeve can be controlled through the vacuum system; beryllium sheet and AmO2The distance between the plating layers is not less than 34 mm. The invention realizes the generation and disappearance of neutrons by controlling the vacuum degree between two nuclides required in the (alpha, n) nuclear reaction, achieves the purpose of controllability, realizes the control of the yield of neutrons by controlling the number of neutron emission basic units, and can improve the safety of the device; the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit is small in size, and can be used in a more abundant and freely combined mode, so that the requirements of different application fields can be better met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear, and particularly relates to a combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device.
Background
With the development of neutron research and the expansion of neutron application fields, the requirements and requirements for neutron sources are continuously improved. The neutron source commonly used at present comprises an accelerator neutron source,A reactor neutron source and an isotope neutron source. Most of the traditional isotope neutron sources utilize the (alpha, n) nuclear reaction generated after the mixing of two nuclides to generate neutrons or images252The fission of the nuclear species itself is utilized to generate neutrons, as is the case with Cf spontaneous fission sources. However, such a conventional isotope neutron source is uncontrollable, and therefore, a corresponding shielding structure needs to be added around the conventional isotope neutron source to ensure the safety of surrounding personnel, so that the volume of the conventional isotope neutron source is increased, and inconvenience is brought to the use and the movement of the conventional isotope neutron source. It is therefore necessary to design a controllable isotope neutron source to avoid such events. Based on the technical scheme, the invention provides the combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device, which can effectively improve the safety performance, and can effectively reduce the volume of the isotope neutron source, so that the isotope neutron source is more convenient to use and transport, and the applicable field is widened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the controllability of an isotope neutron source is realized by vacuumizing, so that the safety of the isotope neutron source is improved.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a combined controllable Am-Be neutron source device comprises a neutron emission system and a vacuum system, wherein the neutron emission system comprises a basic unit sleeve and a plurality of groups of americium-beryllium neutron emission basic units, and the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic units are arranged in the basic unit sleeve; the vacuum system is communicated with each americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit, and the vacuum degree in the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic units can be controlled through the vacuum system, so that the aim of controlling neutron flux is fulfilled.
Further, the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit comprises a metal sleeve, and the metal sleeve is of a closed structure; metal sleeveA beryllium layer base is arranged at the top end of the interior, and a beryllium sheet is fixed on the lower surface of the beryllium layer base; AmO is arranged at the inner bottom of the metal sleeve2Coating base, AmO2AmO is plated on the plating base2Plating; and a vacuumizing flange is arranged at the bottom of the metal sleeve and is connected with a vacuum system.
Further, the beryllium piece is AmO2The distance between the coatings is not less than 34mm to ensure that the beryllium sheet surface does not emit neutrons when the vacuum system stops working.
Furthermore, the vacuum system comprises a vacuumizing device and a plurality of groups of vacuumizing pipelines, wherein the vacuumizing pipelines are communicated with the metal sleeve on one hand and connected with the vacuumizing device on the other hand.
Further, the americium-beryllium neutron emitting basic unit is semi-wrapped in a basic unit sleeve; the length of the basic unit sleeve is 290-450mm, the width is 290-450mm, the outer height is 70mm, and the inner height is 50 mm.
Furthermore, the metal sleeve is cylindrical, the outer height is 65-70mm, the inner height is 55-65mm, the outer diameter is 60-100mm, and the inner diameter is 50-90 mm.
Further, the AmO2The radius of the base of the plating layer is 20mm, and the thickness is 10 mm; the AmO2The thickness of the plating layer is not more than 5 μm.
Further, the beryllium sheet is welded and fixed with the beryllium layer base; the radius of the beryllium sheet is 20-40mm, and the thickness is 200-500 μm; the radius of the beryllium layer base is 20-40mm, and the thickness is 10 mm.
Furthermore, the metal sleeve comprises a first sleeve and a second sleeve which are distributed up and down, and the first sleeve and the second sleeve are fixedly connected; the beryllium layer base and the beryllium sheet are fixed at the top in the first sleeve AmO2Coated base and AmO2The plating layer is fixed at the bottom in the second sleeve.
Furthermore, the number of americium beryllium neutron emitting elementary units can be set according to the actual neutron flux requirement; the shape and the size of the basic unit sleeve can be set according to actual requirements.
Further, the metal sleeve is made of stainless steel; amO2The plating base is made of copper.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the vacuum system is connected with the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit, and the vacuum degree in the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit is controlled by the vacuum system, so that the purpose of controlling the isotope neutron source is realized, and the safety of the device can be improved; when the vacuum system fails and stops working, air can automatically flow back to the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit through the vacuum-pumping pipeline to block the (alpha, n) reaction, so that the controllable Am-Be neutron source is automatically closed, and the self-safety function of the device is realized;
(2) the combined application of the plurality of americium-beryllium neutron emission basic units can set the number of americium-beryllium neutron emission basic units according to the actual neutron flux requirements, so as to meet the requirements of different neutron fluxes;
(3) the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit is small in size, so that convenience in transportation and use is improved to a great extent, and free combination and use forms of the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit can be richer, and the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit can better meet requirements of different application fields; the invention has the advantages of reasonable design, simple structure, convenient operation, strong practicability, great significance for improving the safety of the isotope neutron source and wide popularization prospect.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an americium-beryllium neutron-emitting basic unit of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first sleeve process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the drawings are: 1. a base unit sleeve; 2. americium beryllium neutron-emitting elementary units; 3. a vacuum pipeline is pumped; 4. a vacuum pumping device; 5. a beryllium sheet; 6. a beryllium layer base; 7. a metal sleeve; 7-1, a first sleeve; 7-2, a second sleeve; 8. AmO2A plating base; 9. vacuumizing the flange; 10. AmO2And (7) plating.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the invention provides a combinable and controllable Am-Be neutron source device, which comprises a neutron emission system and a vacuum system, wherein the neutron emission system comprises a basic unit sleeve 1 and a plurality of groups of americium-beryllium neutron emission basic units 2, and the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic units 2 are half wrapped in the basic unit sleeve 1; the vacuum system is communicated with each americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit 2, and the vacuum degree in the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit 2 can be controlled through the vacuum system, so that the aim of controlling neutron flux is fulfilled.
In the invention, the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit 2 comprises a metal sleeve 7, wherein the metal sleeve 7 is of a closed structure and is made of stainless steel; a beryllium layer base 6 is arranged at the top end inside the metal sleeve 7, and a beryllium sheet 5 is fixed on the lower surface of the beryllium layer base 6; AmO is arranged at the bottom in the metal sleeve 72 Coating base 8, AmO2AmO is plated on the plating base 82A plating layer 10; the bottom of the metal sleeve 7 is provided with a vacuumizing flange 9, and the vacuumizing flange 9 is connected with a vacuum system; AmO2The plating base 8 is made of copper. Note that the beryllium pieces 5 and AmO2The distance between the coatings 10 is 34mm, which is the minimum safe distance to ensure that no neutrons are emitted from the surface of the beryllium sheet 5 when the vacuum extractor 4 is not in operation.
In the embodiment of the invention, the vacuum system comprises a vacuumizing device 4 and a plurality of groups of vacuumizing pipelines 3, wherein the vacuumizing pipelines 3 are communicated with a metal sleeve 7 on one hand and connected with the vacuumizing device 4 on the other hand.
In the embodiment of the invention, the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit 2 is semi-wrapped in a basic unit sleeve 1; the length of the basic unit sleeve 1 is 290-450mm, the width is 290-450mm, the outer height is 70mm, and the inner height is 50 mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the metal sleeve 7 is cylindrical, the outer height is 65-70mm, the inner height is 55-65mm, the outer diameter is 60-100mm, and the inner diameter is 50-90 mm; the AmO2The radius of the plating base 8 is 20mm, and the thickness is 10 mm; the AmO2The thickness of the plating layer 10 is not more than 5 μm; the beryllium sheet 5 and the beryllium layer base 6 are welded and fixed; the radius of the beryllium sheet 5 is 20-40mm, and the thickness is 200-500 μm; the radius of the beryllium layer base 6 is 20-40mm, and the thickness is 10 mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the metal sleeve 7 comprises a first sleeve 7-1 and a second sleeve 7-2 which are distributed vertically and have the same height, and the first sleeve 7-1 and the second sleeve 7-2 are fixedly connected; the beryllium layer base 6 and the beryllium sheet 5 are fixed at the inner top of the first sleeve 7-1, AmO2 Plating bases 8 and AmO2The plating layer 10 is fixed at the bottom in the second sleeve 7-2.
The number of the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic units 2 can be set according to the actual neutron flux requirement; the shape and the size of the basic unit sleeve 1 can be customized according to the actual neutron flux requirement, so that the application flexibility of the isotope neutron source is greatly increased.
When the device is assembled, the beryllium layer base 6 is welded at the inner top of the first sleeve 7-1, the central point of the beryllium layer base 6 and the central point of the first sleeve 7-1 are on the same straight line, and then the beryllium sheet 5 is welded on the beryllium layer base 6; similarly, AmO will be2The plated base 8 is welded to the bottom of the second sleeve 7-2 and ensures that the center points of the two structures are in the same line, which is then AmO2AmO is plated on the plating base 82 A plating layer 10; and finally, welding the first sleeve 7-1 and the second sleeve 7-2 to obtain the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit 2.
In actual use, the number of americium-beryllium neutron emission basic units 2 can be increased or reduced according to actual neutron flux requirements, the shape and the size of the basic unit sleeve 1 can be changed according to actual application site requirements, and the neutron flux can be adjusted by adjusting the vacuum degree.
When the device is used, the vacuumizing device 4 is opened, air in the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit 2 is pumped out, the device is in a working state, the neutron yield of one americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit 2 can reach 4/million alpha particles, and the neutron yield is about 2.99 multiplied by 104s-1. When the vacuum extractor 4 is closed, alpha particles cannot reach the beryllium sheet 5 due to the existence of air to react with the beryllium sheet 5, and the controllable Am-Be neutron source is closed. And when the vacuumizing device 4 breaks down and stops working, air can automatically flow back to the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit 2 through the vacuumizing pipeline 3 to block the reaction of alpha and n, so that the controllable Am-Be neutron source is automatically closed, and the self-safety function of the device is realized.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device is characterized by comprising a neutron emission system and a vacuum system, wherein the neutron emission system comprises a basic unit sleeve (1) and a plurality of groups of americium-beryllium neutron emission basic units (2), and the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic units (2) are arranged in the basic unit sleeve (1); the vacuum system is communicated with each americium-beryllium neutron emission basic unit (2), and the vacuum degree in the americium-beryllium neutron emission basic units (2) can be controlled through the vacuum system, so that the aim of controlling neutron flux is fulfilled.
2. A combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device according to claim 1, characterized in that said americium-beryllium neutron emitting elementary unit (2) comprises a metal sleeve (7), said metal sleeve (7) being a closed structure; the top end inside the metal sleeve (7) is provided withA beryllium sheet (5) is fixed on the lower surface of the beryllium layer base (6); AmO is arranged at the bottom in the metal sleeve (7)2Coating base (8), AmO2AmO is plated on the plating base (8)2A plating layer (10); the bottom of the metal sleeve (7) is provided with a vacuumizing flange (9), and the vacuumizing flange (9) is connected with a vacuum system.
3. A combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device according to claim 2, wherein said beryllium sheets (5) and AmO2The distance between the coating layers (10) is not less than 34mm so as to ensure that the surface of the beryllium sheet (5) does not emit neutrons when the vacuum system stops working.
4. A combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device according to claim 2, characterized in that the vacuum system comprises a vacuum device (4) and several sets of vacuum pipes (3), the vacuum pipes (3) being in communication with the metal sleeve (7) on the one hand and being connected to the vacuum device (4) on the other hand.
5. A combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device according to claim 2, wherein the americium-beryllium neutron emitting basic unit (2) is half-wrapped in a basic unit sleeve (1); the length of the basic unit sleeve (1) is 290-450mm, the width is 290-450mm, the outer height is 70mm, and the inner height is 50 mm.
6. A combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device according to claim 2, wherein the metal sleeve (7) is cylindrical with an outer height of 65-70mm, an inner height of 55-65mm, an outer diameter of 60-100mm and an inner diameter of 50-90 mm.
7. A combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device according to claim 2, wherein said AmO is2The radius of the plating layer base (8) is 20mm, and the thickness is 10 mm; the AmO2The thickness of the plating layer (10) is not more than 5 μm.
8. The combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device according to claim 2, wherein the beryllium sheet (5) is welded and fixed with a beryllium layer base (6); the radius of the beryllium sheet (5) is 20-40mm, and the thickness is 200-500 μm; the radius of the beryllium layer base (6) is 20-40mm, and the thickness is 10 mm.
9. A combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device according to claim 2, wherein the metal sleeve (7) comprises a first sleeve (7-1) and a second sleeve (7-2) which are distributed up and down, and the first sleeve (7-1) and the second sleeve (7-2) are fixedly connected; the beryllium layer base (6) and the beryllium sheet (5) are fixed at the top in the first sleeve (7-1), AmO2Coating bases (8) and AmO2The plating layer (10) is fixed at the bottom in the second sleeve (7-2).
10. A combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of said americium beryllium neutron emitting elementary units (2) can Be set according to the actual neutron flux requirements; the shape and the size of the basic unit sleeve (1) can be set according to actual requirements.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011154145.9A CN112420235A (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011154145.9A CN112420235A (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device |
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| CN202011154145.9A Pending CN112420235A (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device |
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