CN112415948B - Surface type machining method based on numerical control machine tool with coordinate detection function - Google Patents
Surface type machining method based on numerical control machine tool with coordinate detection function Download PDFInfo
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- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
Abstract
The invention discloses a surface type processing method based on a numerical control machine tool with a coordinate detection function, wherein the numerical control machine tool comprises a machine body, a workpiece bearing platform and a processing head, the workpiece bearing platform is arranged on the machine body in a mode of being capable of adjusting displacement at least in the X direction through a first driving device, the processing head is arranged on the machine body in a mode of being capable of independently adjusting displacement at least in the Y direction and the Z direction through a second driving device, and a coordinate measuring head for detecting the coordinate of a workpiece is arranged on the second driving device or the processing head; the surface type machining method includes the steps of mounting a workpiece, detecting coordinates of a plurality of points and calculating to obtain center position coordinates of the workpiece, determining a machining coordinate system from the center position coordinates, and machining based on the machining coordinate system. The invention can reduce the labor intensity of workers, improve the workpiece mounting efficiency and the overall processing efficiency, simultaneously avoid the problem that the manual positioning is easy to generate errors, and is beneficial to improving the polishing processing precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface shape processing, in particular to a surface shape processing method based on a numerical control machine tool with a coordinate detection function.
Background
When a numerical control machine tool is used for processing a surface of a workpiece, the common processing head comprises a polishing disk, a polishing wheel, a grinding wheel, an ion source, a turning tool and the like. When a workpiece is polished and machined by an existing numerical control machine tool, the workpiece needs to be installed and positioned on a workpiece bearing platform at a preset coordinate position to be accurately machined, the workpiece is manually adjusted at present so as to be located at the preset coordinate position, the position of the workpiece needs to be corrected and adjusted manually and repeatedly in the process, the problems of high manual labor intensity and low efficiency exist, errors still exist in manual adjustment, and the precision and the efficiency of follow-up machining are also influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provide a surface type processing method based on a numerical control machine tool with a coordinate detection function, so that the labor intensity of workers is reduced, the workpiece installation efficiency and the overall processing efficiency are improved, meanwhile, the problem that errors are easily generated in manual positioning is avoided, and the polishing processing precision is favorably improved.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a surface type processing method based on a numerical control machine tool with a coordinate detection function comprises a machine body, a workpiece bearing platform and a processing head, wherein the workpiece bearing platform is installed on the machine body in a mode of being capable of adjusting displacement at least in the X direction through a first driving device, the processing head is installed on the machine body in a mode of being capable of independently adjusting displacement at least in the Y direction and the Z direction through a second driving device, and a coordinate measuring head for detecting the coordinate of a workpiece is installed on the second driving device or the processing head;
the processing method of the surface type comprises the following steps:
(S1) mounting a workpiece on a workpiece bearing platform;
(S2) detecting the coordinates of a plurality of points on the surface of the workpiece by using a coordinate measuring head, and calculating and obtaining the coordinates of the central position of the workpiece based on the coordinates of the points;
(S3) determining a machining coordinate system according to the central position coordinates;
and (S4) processing the surface of the workpiece by controlling the relative motion of the workpiece bearing platform and the processing head based on the processing coordinate system.
In the above surface type machining method, preferably, when the workpiece to be machined is a circular workpiece, the specific method of obtaining the coordinates of the center position of the workpiece in step (S2) is to detect the coordinates of three points on the peripheral edge of the circular workpiece by using a coordinate measuring head, and to use the coordinates of the center of a circle defined by the three points as the coordinates of the center position.
In the above surface-type machining method, preferably, when the machined workpiece is a rectangular or square workpiece, the specific method for obtaining the center position coordinates of the workpiece in step (S2) is to detect the coordinates of one point on each of the four sides of the workpiece by using a coordinate measuring head, and use the center coordinates of the rectangle or square determined by the points on the four sides as the center position coordinates.
In the above surface processing method, preferably, the step (S2) of obtaining the coordinates of the center position of the workpiece is specifically to preset a first preset point and a second preset point on the surface or the edge of the workpiece, and the workpiece coordinates of the first preset point are
The workpiece coordinates of the second preset point are
Mounting the workpiece on a workpiece bearing platform for useThe coordinate measuring head detects and obtains the machine tool coordinate of the first preset point as (x) 1 ,y 1 ) The machine tool coordinate of the second preset point is (x) 2 ,y 2 ) The machine coordinate (x) of the center position is calculated and obtained according to the following formula (1) 0 ,y 0 ) And workpiece direction θ:
where θ is the workpiece direction, i =1 or 2.
In the above surface type processing method, preferably, the first driving device is further capable of adjusting a rotation angle of the workpiece support platform around the Z direction, and the surface type processing method further includes a step of obtaining a workpiece direction and correcting the workpiece direction by using a coordinate measuring head detection before processing a surface of the workpiece, wherein the step is specifically that after the workpiece is mounted on the workpiece support platform, coordinates of two points on the workpiece are obtained by using the coordinate measuring head detection, and the coordinates are (x) respectively 1 ，y 1 )、(x 2 ，y 2 ) The connecting line of the two points is parallel to the preset workpiece direction, and the included angle theta of the connecting line of the two points relative to the preset direction is calculated and obtained through the following formula (2):
and then adjusting the workpiece bearing platform to correspondingly rotate by an angle theta, so that the connecting line direction of the two points is parallel to the preset direction, and finishing the correction of the workpiece direction.
In the above surface processing method, preferably, the predetermined direction is a direction parallel to the X direction or a direction parallel to the Y direction.
Preferably, the surface processing method further includes a step of determining a position and a slope of the surface of the workpiece to be processed, and the step is to assume that a coordinate of a center position of the surface of the workpiece to be processed is (x) 0 ,y 0 ) The height of the center position of the surface shape to be processed of the workpiece is z 0 The slope of the surface of the workpiece to be processed along the x direction is k x Workpiece to be addedThe slope of the work surface along the y direction is k y (ii) a Detecting and acquiring coordinates of five points on the surface to be processed of the workpiece by using a coordinate measuring head, and marking as (x) i ,y i ,z i ) Where i =1,2,3,4,5, the equation is established for each point as in equation (3) below:
z i ＝f(x i -x 0 ,y i -y 0 )+k x (x i -x 0 )+k y (y i -y 0 )+z 0 (3)
solving the equations of the five points jointly to obtain (x) 0 ,y 0 ,z 0 ,k x ,k y ) And finally determining the position and the slope of the surface type to be processed of the workpiece.
The surface type processing method preferably further comprises a step of determining the position and the slope of the surface type to be processed of the workpiece, and the step specifically includes detecting and acquiring coordinates of a plurality of points on the surface type to be processed of the workpiece by using a coordinate measuring head, and solving the position and the slope of the surface type by using a least square method.
In the above surface type processing method, preferably, the processing head is one of a polishing disk, a polishing wheel, a grinding wheel, a balloon, an air bag, an ion source and a turning tool.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention relates to a surface type processing method based on a numerical control machine tool with a coordinate detection function, wherein a coordinate measuring head is arranged on a second driving device or a processing head of the numerical control machine tool, after a workpiece is arranged on a workpiece bearing platform, the coordinate measuring head can be used for detecting and obtaining and establishing the central position coordinate of the workpiece, then the processing coordinate of the workpiece is established according to the central position coordinate, and the subsequent surface type processing is carried out based on a processing coordinate system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of processing a dough form.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a numerically controlled machine tool.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. a body; 2. a workpiece support table; 3. a machining head; 4. a first driving device; 5. a second driving device; 6. and a coordinate measuring head.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
A surface type processing method based on a numerically controlled machine tool with a coordinate detecting function of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, includes a machine body 1, a workpiece support 2 and a processing head 3, the workpiece support 2 is mounted on the machine body 1 by a first driving device 4 in a manner of being capable of adjusting displacement at least in an X direction, the processing head 3 is mounted on the machine body 1 by a second driving device 5 in a manner of being capable of adjusting displacement independently at least in a Y direction and a Z direction, and a coordinate measuring head 6 for detecting coordinates of a workpiece is mounted on the second driving device 5 or the processing head 3;
as shown in fig. 1, the surface processing method includes the following steps:
(S1) mounting a workpiece on a workpiece bearing platform 2;
(S2) detecting the coordinates of a plurality of points on the surface of the workpiece by using the coordinate measuring head 6, and calculating to obtain the central position coordinates of the workpiece based on the coordinates of the plurality of points;
(S3) determining a machining coordinate system according to the central position coordinates;
and (S4) processing the surface of the workpiece by controlling the relative motion of the workpiece bearing platform 2 and the processing head 3 based on the processing coordinate system.
According to the surface type machining method based on the numerical control machine tool with the coordinate detection function, the coordinate measuring head 6 is installed on the second driving device 5 or the machining head 3 of the numerical control machine tool, after a workpiece is installed on the workpiece bearing platform 2, the coordinate measuring head 6 can be used for detecting and obtaining and establishing the central position coordinate of the workpiece, then the machining coordinate of the workpiece is established according to the central position coordinate, and then subsequent surface type machining is carried out based on the machining coordinate system.
In the present embodiment, when the workpiece to be machined is a circular workpiece, a specific method for obtaining the coordinates of the center position of the workpiece in step (S2) is to detect the coordinates of three points on the peripheral edge of the circular workpiece by using the coordinate probe 6, and to use the coordinates of the center of the circle defined by the three points as the coordinates of the center position. The method for determining the center position coordinate of the circular workpiece is based on the principle that three points determine a circle, the center position coordinate can be calculated and obtained only by detecting the coordinates of three points on the edge of the periphery of the circular workpiece, and the method has the advantages of high efficiency, low operation difficulty and high accuracy.
In another embodiment, when the workpiece to be processed is a rectangular or square workpiece, the specific method for obtaining the coordinates of the center position of the workpiece in step (S2) is to detect the coordinates of one point on each of the four side edges of the workpiece by using the coordinate measuring head 6, and to use the coordinates of the center of the rectangle or square determined by the points on the four side edges as the coordinates of the center position. The method for determining the coordinates of the central position of the rectangular or square workpiece only needs to detect the edges of the rectangular or square workpiece and only needs to detect the coordinates of four points, and has the advantages of high efficiency, low operation difficulty and high accuracy.
In another embodiment, the specific method for obtaining the coordinates of the center position of the workpiece in step (S2) may further comprise the step of presetting a first preset point and a second preset point on the surface or the edge of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece coordinates of the first preset point are
The workpiece coordinates of the second preset point are
After a workpiece is arranged on the workpiece bearing platform 2, a coordinate measuring head 6 is utilized to detect and obtain the machine tool coordinate (x) of a first preset point 1 ,y 1 ) The machine tool coordinate of the second preset point is (x) 2 ,y 2 ) The machine coordinate (x) of the center position is calculated and obtained according to the following formula (1) 0 ,y 0 )：
Where θ is the workpiece direction, i =1 or 2.
The method can quickly obtain the center position coordinates of workpieces in any shapes, and particularly has the advantages of high efficiency, low operation difficulty and high accuracy when the method is used for obtaining the center position coordinates of workpieces in shapes other than circular, rectangular and square.
In another embodiment, when there is a requirement for the workpiece direction, the first driving device 4 may be further configured to adjust the rotation angle of the workpiece support 2 in the Z direction, and the surface type machining method may further include a step of obtaining the workpiece direction by detecting the coordinate measuring head 6 and correcting the workpiece direction before machining the surface of the workpiece, specifically, after the workpiece is mounted on the workpiece support 2, obtaining the coordinates of two points on the workpiece by detecting the coordinate measuring head 6, where the coordinates are (x) respectively 1 ，y 1 )、(x 2 ，y 2 ) The connecting line of the two points is parallel to the preset workpiece direction, and the included angle theta of the connecting line of the two points relative to the preset direction is calculated and obtained through the following formula (2):
and then adjusting the workpiece bearing platform 2 to correspondingly rotate by an angle theta to enable the connecting line direction of the two points to be parallel to the preset direction, and finishing the correction of the workpiece direction. The step of obtaining the direction of the workpiece and correcting the direction of the workpiece does not need to determine coordinate values of two points in advance, and is quick, convenient and easy to implement and operate.
The preset direction is a direction required by the workpiece on the workpiece support platform 2, and is preferably a direction parallel to the X direction or a direction parallel to the Y direction, so as to facilitate calculation and processing.
The first preset point and the second preset point can be respectively used as the two points, and finally, the center position coordinate and the direction of the workpiece are obtained simultaneously.
In the case where the workpiece direction coincides with the preset direction after the workpiece is mounted on the workpiece support 2, the above-described step of correcting the workpiece direction may be omitted. In the case where there is no requirement for the workpiece direction, the step of correcting the workpiece direction may be omitted.
In other embodiments, when the position and the slope of the workpiece surface to be processed need to be determined, the surface processing method further includes a step of determining the position and the slope of the workpiece surface to be processed, where the step is specifically to assume that the coordinate of the center position of the workpiece surface to be processed is (x) 0 ,y 0 ) The height of the center position of the surface shape to be processed of the workpiece is z 0 The slope of the surface of the workpiece to be processed along the x direction is k x The slope of the surface profile of the workpiece to be processed along the y direction is k y (ii) a Detecting and acquiring coordinates of five points on the surface type to be processed of the workpiece by using the coordinate measuring head 6, and marking as (x) i ,y i ,z i ) Where i =1,2,3,4,5, the equation is established for each point according to equation (3) below:
z i ＝f(x i -x 0 ,y i -y 0 )+k x (x i -x 0 )+k y (y i -y 0 )+z 0 (3)
solving the equations of the five points jointly to obtain (x) 0 ,y 0 ,z 0 ,k x ,k y ) Finally determining the position and the slope of the surface shape to be processed of the workpiece, namely determining the coordinate (x) of the central position of the surface shape to be processed of the workpiece 0 ,y 0 ) Height z of center position of surface to be processed of workpiece 0 The slope k of the surface of the workpiece to be machined along the x direction x Slope k of the workpiece surface profile along the y-direction y . The slope may also be said to be a pose, or a position and a pose, sometimes also referred to as a "pose" for short.
In another embodiment, when the position and the slope of the surface to be processed of the workpiece need to be determined, the step of determining the position and the slope of the surface to be processed of the workpiece may further include detecting and acquiring coordinates of a plurality of points on the surface to be processed of the workpiece by using the coordinate measuring head 6, and solving the position and the slope of the surface by using a least square method.
Specifically, the following formula is used to solve:
wherein the coordinate of the central position of the surface shape to be processed of the workpiece is (x) 0 ,y 0 ) The height of the center of the surface of the workpiece to be machined is z 0 The slope of the surface of the workpiece to be processed along the x direction is k x The slope of the surface of the workpiece to be machined along the y direction is k y ，i＝1,2,3,4,5。
If the surface type of the workpiece to be processed is a plane, the formula is simplified as follows:
if the surface type of the workpiece to be processed is a spherical surface, the above formula can be simplified as follows:
the position and the slope of the surface type to be processed of the workpiece are solved by adopting a least square method, so that the error can be reduced.
When the numerical control machine tool has the function of automatically adapting to the surface type, the step of determining the position and the slope of the surface type to be processed of the workpiece can be omitted.
In this embodiment, the processing head 3 is a polishing wheel, and the numerical control machine is correspondingly a numerical control magnetorheological polishing machine. In other embodiments, the processing head 3 may also be one of a polishing disk, a grinding wheel, a balloon, a bladder, an ion source, and a turning tool.
In the present embodiment, the coordinate measuring head 6 is detachably attached to the second drive device 5 or the machining head 3, the coordinate measuring head 6 is attached to the second drive device 5 or the machining head 3 when the detection is required, and the coordinate measuring head 6 is detached during the machining. In other embodiments, the coordinate measuring head 6 may also be fixedly mounted on the second driving device 5 or the processing head 3, or may be mounted on the second driving device 5 or the processing head 3 in a manner of being capable of adjusting the position through a movement mechanism, as long as the requirement that normal processing of the processing head 3 is not disturbed during processing is met, and normal detection is also possible when detection is needed.
In the present embodiment, the first driving device 4 includes an X-direction moving unit, and the second driving device 5 includes a YZ-direction combined moving unit configured by combining a Y-direction moving unit and a Z-direction moving unit. When the first driving device 4 can adjust the rotation angle of the workpiece support table 2 about the Z-direction, the workpiece support table 2 is mounted on the X-direction moving unit via a Z-direction rotating unit that can rotate about the Z-axis. The X-direction moving unit, the Y-direction moving unit and the Z-direction moving unit are all in the prior art, for example, a combination of a motor and a sliding mechanism is adopted, and the Z-direction rotating unit is also in the prior art, for example, a combination of a motor and a rotating mechanism is adopted, which are not described herein again.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Modifications and variations that may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A surface type machining method based on a numerical control machine tool with a coordinate detection function is characterized in that the numerical control machine tool comprises a machine body (1), a workpiece bearing platform (2) and a machining head (3), the workpiece bearing platform (2) is arranged on the machine body (1) through a first driving device (4) in a mode of adjusting displacement at least in the X direction, the machining head (3) is arranged on the machine body (1) through a second driving device (5) in a mode of independently adjusting displacement at least in the Y direction and the Z direction, and a coordinate measuring head (6) used for detecting the coordinate of a workpiece is arranged on the second driving device (5) or the machining head (3);
the processing method of the flour comprises the following steps:
(S1) mounting a workpiece on a workpiece bearing platform (2);
(S2) detecting the coordinates of a plurality of points on the surface of the workpiece by using a coordinate measuring head (6), and calculating and obtaining the coordinates of the central position of the workpiece based on the coordinates of the points;
(S3) determining a machining coordinate system according to the central position coordinates;
(S4) based on the machining coordinate system, machining the surface of the workpiece by controlling the relative motion of the workpiece bearing platform (2) and the machining head (3);
the specific method for obtaining the center position coordinates of the workpiece in the step (S2) is to preset a first preset point and a second preset point on the surface or the edge of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece coordinates of the first preset point are
The workpiece coordinates of the second preset point are
After a workpiece is arranged on a workpiece bearing platform (2), a coordinate measuring head (6) is used for detecting to obtain the machine tool coordinate (x) of a first preset point 1 ,y 1 ) The machine tool coordinate of the second preset point is (x) 2 ,y 2 ) The machine coordinate (x) of the center position of the workpiece is calculated and obtained according to the following formula (1) 0 ,y 0 ) And workpiece direction θ:
where θ is the workpiece direction, i =1 or 2.
2. The surface processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the processed workpiece is a circular workpiece, the specific method for obtaining the center position coordinates of the workpiece in the step (S2) is to detect the coordinates of three points on the edge of the periphery of the circular workpiece by using the coordinate measuring head (6), and to use the center coordinates of a circle determined by the three points as the center position coordinates.
3. The surface processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the workpiece to be machined is a rectangular or square workpiece, the specific method for obtaining the center position coordinates of the workpiece in the step (S2) is to detect the coordinates of one point on each of the four side edges of the workpiece by using the coordinate measuring head (6), and to use the center coordinates of the rectangle or square determined by the points on the four side edges as the center position coordinates.
4. The surface processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first driving device (4) can also adjust the rotation angle of the workpiece bearing platform (2) around the Z direction, the surface type machining method further comprises the step of utilizing a coordinate measuring head (6) to detect and obtain the direction of the workpiece and correct the direction of the workpiece before machining the surface of the workpiece, and the step is specifically that after the workpiece is installed on the workpiece bearing platform (2), the coordinate measuring head (6) is utilized to detect and obtain the coordinates of two points on the workpiece, namely the coordinates of the two points are respectively (x) 1 ，y 1 )、(x 2 ，y 2 ) The connecting line of the two points is parallel to the preset workpiece direction, and the included angle theta of the connecting line of the two points relative to the preset direction is calculated and obtained through the following formula (2):
and then adjusting the workpiece bearing platform (2) to correspondingly rotate by an angle theta to enable the connecting line direction of the two points to be parallel to the preset direction, and finishing the correction of the workpiece direction.
5. The surface processing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the preset direction is parallel to the X direction or the Y direction.
6. The surface processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method also comprises a step of determining the position and the slope of the surface shape to be processed of the workpiece, wherein the step is to assume that the coordinate of the central position of the surface shape to be processed of the workpiece is (x) 0 ,y 0 ) The height of the center position of the surface shape to be processed of the workpiece is z 0 The slope of the surface of the workpiece to be processed along the x direction is k x The slope of the surface profile of the workpiece to be processed along the y direction is k y (ii) a Detecting the surface shape of the workpiece to be processed by using a coordinate measuring head (6)Coordinates of five points are obtained and are marked as (x) i ,y i ,z i ) Where i =1,2,3,4,5, the equation is established for each point according to equation (3) below:
z i ＝f(x i -x 0 ,y i -y 0 )+k x (x i -x 0 )+k y (y i -y 0 )+z 0 (3)
solving the equations of the five points jointly to obtain (x) 0 ,y 0 ,z 0 ,k x ,k y ) And finally determining the position and the slope of the surface type to be processed of the workpiece.
7. The surface processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of determining the position and the slope of the surface of the workpiece to be processed, specifically, detecting and acquiring the coordinates of a plurality of points on the surface of the workpiece to be processed by using a coordinate measuring head (6), and solving the position and the slope of the surface by using a least square method.
8. The surface processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the processing head (3) is one of a polishing disk, a polishing wheel, a grinding wheel, a balloon, an air bag, an ion source and a turning tool.
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| JP2002331443A (en) * | 2001-05-07 | 2002-11-19 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Array shape machining method and array-shaped workpiece |
| JP4276270B2 (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2009-06-10 | ファナック株式会社 | Machine tool with workpiece reference position setting function by contact detection |
| CN102207731B (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2013-09-04 | 发那科株式会社 | Machine tool having function of setting measurement reference point of workpiece |
| CN102126163A (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2011-07-20 | 孟宪章 | Contact type coordinate locator with annular luminous display |
| CN103722449B (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2016-06-29 | 西门子股份有限公司 | Toolroom machine processing positioning method and device thereof |
| CN104440384B (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-11-30 | 中航飞机股份有限公司西安飞机分公司 | A kind of method setting up workpiece numerical-controlled Cutter coordinate system |
| CN105149634B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-10-13 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | The boring method that a kind of Double end digital control is bored |
| CN109531262B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-09-11 | 深圳创源航天科技有限公司 | Contact feedback type automatic measurement method and system for numerical control machine tool and storage medium |
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