CN112414773A - System for monitoring nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss of field soil and working method thereof - Google Patents
System for monitoring nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss of field soil and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112414773A CN112414773A CN202011123993.3A CN202011123993A CN112414773A CN 112414773 A CN112414773 A CN 112414773A CN 202011123993 A CN202011123993 A CN 202011123993A CN 112414773 A CN112414773 A CN 112414773A
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- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- sampling
- hollow
- field soil
- phosphorus
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/14—Suction devices, e.g. pumps; Ejector devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/01—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements
- B01D29/05—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements supported
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring depth
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a field soil nitrogen and phosphorus eluviation loss monitoring system which comprises a hollow pipe, a sampling pipe, a vacuum pump, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, wherein through pores are carved on the side surface and the bottom surface of the hollow pipe, the hollow pipe is vertically installed in field soil, the sampling pipe is vertically arranged in the hollow pipe, a piston sleeve is sleeved at the lower end of the sampling pipe, the side surface of the piston sleeve is tightly attached to the inner wall of the hollow pipe, the sampling pipe and the piston sleeve can move up and down in the hollow pipe, the upper end of the sampling pipe is connected with the water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is connected with the vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is also connected with the water outlet pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of eluviation monitoring systems, in particular to a field soil nitrogen and phosphorus eluviation loss monitoring system and a working method thereof.
Background
Nitrogen and phosphorus eluviation refers to the process of making the nitrogen and phosphorus components in the surface layer of the soil enter water and be taken away with water by the action of dissolution, hydration, hydrolysis, carbonation and the like of underground water, and the soil is gradually acidified along with the proceeding of the eluviation. For example, in the upper part of the soil profile of a humid area, water is leached from the surface to the lower part for a long time, so that soluble substances and fine soil particles in an upper soil layer are leached, and a soil layer, namely a leaching layer, is gradually formed, wherein the soil color is light, the texture is thick, the acidity is increased, and the fertility is reduced, the leaching layer is also called an A layer, and the bad characters of the soil layer can be improved by means of measures such as cultivation and fertilization, particularly organic fertilizer and clay soil fertilizer increase.
The nitrogen, phosphorus and pesticide in farmland are migrated and lost along with water flow, and the water flow direction of farmland can be divided into two conditions of transverse flow along the earth surface and longitudinal flow towards the underground. In the first agricultural source general survey of the national pollution general survey, nitrogen, phosphorus and pesticide quantities lost along the surface transverse water flow path are uniformly defined as surface runoff loss, and nitrogen, phosphorus and pesticide quantities lost along the underground longitudinal water flow path are defined as underground eluviation loss, so that nitrogen and phosphorus eluviation loss monitoring is particularly important, and the monitoring result has remarkable significance for the research of improving soil quality. For monitoring the leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil, the selection of the soil needs to be representative, the depth below the soil needs to be unified for monitoring, and the monitoring result needs to be more accurate, so that the obtained sample needs to be further ensured not to be polluted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a leaching loss detection system which can ensure that a sample is not polluted, can unify underground depths and obtain an accurate monitoring result.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a field soil nitrogen and phosphorus eluviation loss monitoring system comprises a hollow pipe, a sampling pipe, a vacuum pump, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe;
through pores are carved on the side surface and the bottom surface of the hollowed-out pipe, and the hollowed-out pipe is vertically installed in the field soil;
the sampling tube is vertically arranged in the hollow tube, a piston sleeve is sleeved at the lower end of the sampling tube, the side surface of the piston sleeve is tightly attached to the inner wall of the hollow tube, and the sampling tube and the piston sleeve can move up and down in the hollow tube;
the sampling tube upper end is connected the inlet tube, advance water piping connection the evacuation pump, the evacuation pump still connects the outlet pipe.
Furthermore, above the piston sleeve, the sampling tube is provided with scales.
Furthermore, the upper end of the sampling tube is also provided with a lifting support for lifting the sampling tube.
Furthermore, the inner wall of the hollow pipe is fixedly attached with filter cloth.
Further, a ball valve is mounted on the water outlet pipe.
Preferably, the vacuum pump is a piston pump, and a one-way valve is arranged on a piston of the piston pump.
Further, the pipe diameter size of fretwork pipe can be changed according to detecting the field size, simultaneously sampling tube and piston sleeve size also can be changed.
Preferably, the pipe diameter of the hollow pipe is 20mm-50 mm.
The invention also comprises a field soil nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss monitoring system, which comprises the following steps:
selecting hollow pipes and sampling pipes with proper pipe diameters according to the size of a monitored field block, uniformly burying a plurality of hollow pipes in field soil, installing the sampling pipes and a vacuum pump, and connecting the sampling pipes and the vacuum pump;
adjusting the scales on the sampling tubes to 0 scale mark, adjusting the insertion depth of each sampling tube by lifting the support, and reading the insertion depth through the scales on each sampling tube to obtain the sampling depth;
and step three, starting the vacuum pump, enabling liquid in the soil to enter the hollow pipe through the fine holes, and sampling and testing the liquid when the liquid flows out of the water outlet pipe.
Furthermore, the insertion depth of each sampling tube in the second step can be the same or different.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the monitoring method has the advantages that the plurality of identical hollow pipes are arranged on the surface of field soil, the positions of the hollow pipes are uniformly distributed, and the monitoring result is more referential and representative due to the position layout; the surface of the hollow pipe is provided with the pores, and the inner wall of the hollow pipe is fixedly attached with the filter cloth, so that the fine particles are effectively prevented from entering the hollow pipe to pollute a sample; through the setting of sampling tube and piston cover, made things convenient for the sampling process to the surface of sampling tube is provided with the scale, makes can unify the degree of depth position of all sampling points according to the scale in the sample, can make the monitoring result carry out horizontal, fore-and-aft contrast, and makes the monitoring error less, and the result is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the interior of the field soil with the hollow pipes embedded therein according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the hollow tube of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the invention with hollow tubes;
in the figure: the soil sampler comprises 1 hollow-out pipe, 2 field soil, 3 pores, 4 filter cloth, 5 sampling pipes, 501 scales, 6 piston sleeves, 7 flange plates, 8 water inlet pipes, 9 vacuum pumps, 10 water outlet pipes, 11 fixed supports, 12 ball valves, 13 sampling ports and 14 lifting supports.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a field soil nitrogen and phosphorus eluviation loss monitoring system comprises a hollow pipe 1, a sampling pipe 5, a vacuum pump 9, a water inlet pipe 8 and a water outlet pipe 10.
The hollow pipe 1 is preferably a cylindrical pipe, the side surface and the ground surface of the hollow pipe are smooth, the side surface and the bottom surface of the hollow pipe are carved with through fine holes 3, and the fine holes are uniformly and densely distributed on the side surface and the ground surface of the hollow pipe 1, so that liquid in field soil can flow into the hollow pipe 1. The hollow pipe 1 is vertically installed in the field soil, and preferably, the upper surface of the hollow pipe 1 is flush with the surface of the field soil. The pipe diameter size of the hollow pipe 1 can be changed according to the size of a detected field, meanwhile, the size of the sampling pipe 5 and the size of the piston sleeve 6 can also be changed, and preferably, the pipe diameter of the hollow pipe 1 is 20mm-50 mm.
The sampling tube 5 is preferably a cylindrical tube, two ends of the sampling tube are open, the sampling tube is vertically arranged inside the hollow tube 1, the length of the sampling tube is greater than or equal to that of the hollow tube 1, a piston sleeve 6 is fixedly sleeved at the lower end of the sampling tube, and when the lower end of the sampling tube 5 is completely inserted into the hollow tube 1 and is in contact with the bottom surface inside the hollow tube 1, the piston sleeve 6 is simultaneously in contact with the bottom surface inside the hollow tube 1. The side surface of the piston sleeve 6 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the hollow tube 1, and the sampling tube 5 and the piston sleeve 6 can move up and down in the hollow tube 1. Piston cover 6 top, be provided with scale 501 on the sampling tube 5, preferably, 0 scale on the scale is located sampling tube 5 upper end, inserts at sampling tube 50 scale and field soil upper surface parallel and level when fretwork pipe 1, sampling tube 5 lower extreme and piston cover 6 and the inside bottom surface contact of fretwork pipe 1.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the inner wall of the hollow tube 1 is fixedly attached with a filter cloth 4, the filter cloth 4 covers the inner wall of the whole hollow tube 1 and comprises a side surface and a bottom surface, and the filter cloth 4 can filter fine particle impurities in soil and prevent the fine particle impurities from entering the hollow tube 1 and entering the sampling tube 5 to pollute a sample. A certain friction force is formed between the piston sleeve 6 and the filter cloth 4, so that the sampling tube 5 can stop at any position inside the hollow tube 1. The upper end of the sampling tube 5 is also provided with a lifting support 14 for lifting the sampling tube 5, the sampling tube 5 is lifted manually or mechanically to enable the sampling tube 5 and the piston sleeve 6 to move up and down in the hollow tube 1, and the sampling depth can be determined while the insertion depth of the sampling tube 5 is determined through the scales 501 on the sampling tube 5.
Referring to fig. 1 again, the upper end of the sampling tube 5 is connected with the water inlet tube 8, preferably, the water inlet tube 8 is a hose, and can select corrugated pipes, plastic pipes and other pipelines which are convenient to bend, the water inlet tube 8 is connected with the vacuum pumping pump 9, the vacuum pumping pump 9 is further connected with the water outlet pipe 10, the water outlet pipe 10 is provided with a ball valve 12, and the opening of the water outlet pipe 10 is provided with a sampling port 13. Preferably, the vacuum pumping pump 9 is a piston pump, a one-way valve is arranged on a piston of the piston pump, the piston pump reciprocates through a driving piston, when the piston moves towards the inlet direction of the pump, the one-way valve on the piston is opened, at the moment, air overflows through the one-way valve, when the piston moves towards the outlet direction of the pump, suction is generated in the hollow pipe 1 at the moment, because the hollow pipe 1 is buried in soil, because the pressure of the soil does not exist in the hollow pipe, the hollow pipe 1 can be vacuumized to a certain degree through the piston pump.
The invention also comprises a field soil nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss monitoring system, which comprises the following steps:
selecting hollow pipes 1 and sampling pipes 5 with proper pipe diameters according to the size of a monitored field block, uniformly burying a plurality of hollow pipes 1 in field soil, installing the sampling pipes 5 and a vacuum pump 9, and connecting the sampling pipes 5 and the vacuum pump 9;
step two, the scale 501 to 0 scale mark on each sampling tube is adjusted, the insertion depth of each sampling tube 5 is adjusted through the lifting support 14, the insertion depth of the sampling tubes 5 can be the same or different, the eluviation conditions of the same depth can be monitored simultaneously when the sampling tubes are the same, the eluviation conditions of different depths can be monitored simultaneously, the insertion depth is read through the scale on each sampling tube 5, and then the sampling depth is known.
And step three, starting a vacuum pump 9, vacuumizing the hollow pipe 1 at the lower part of the piston sleeve 6 by the vacuum pump through a water inlet pipe 8 and a sampling pipe 5, enabling liquid in the soil to enter the hollow pipe 1 through a pore 3 and filter cloth 4 on the hollow pipe 1 in the vacuumizing process, enabling the liquid to flow out through the sampling pipe 5, the water inlet pipe 8 and the vacuum pump 9, and sampling and testing the liquid when the water outlet pipe 10 has the liquid to flow out.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a field soil nitrogen phosphorus eluviation loss monitoring system which characterized in that: comprises a hollow pipe, a sampling pipe, a vacuum pump, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe;
through pores are carved on the side surface and the bottom surface of the hollowed-out pipe, and the hollowed-out pipe is vertically installed in the field soil;
the sampling tube is vertically arranged in the hollow tube, a piston sleeve is sleeved at the lower end of the sampling tube, the side surface of the piston sleeve is tightly attached to the inner wall of the hollow tube, and the sampling tube and the piston sleeve can move up and down in the hollow tube;
the sampling tube upper end is connected the inlet tube, advance water piping connection the evacuation pump, the evacuation pump still connects the outlet pipe.
2. The field soil nitrogen and phosphorus elusion loss monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: above the piston sleeve, the sampling tube is provided with scales.
3. The field soil nitrogen and phosphorus elusion loss monitoring system of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the upper end of the sampling tube is also provided with a lifting support for lifting the sampling tube.
4. The field soil nitrogen and phosphorus elusion loss monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: and filter cloth is attached and fixed to the inner wall of the hollow pipe.
5. The field soil nitrogen and phosphorus elusion loss monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the water outlet pipe is provided with a ball valve.
6. The field soil nitrogen and phosphorus elusion loss monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the piston of the vacuum pump is provided with a one-way valve.
7. The field soil nitrogen and phosphorus elusion loss monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pipe diameter size of fretwork pipe can be changed according to detecting field piece size, simultaneously sampling tube and piston sleeve size also can be changed.
8. The field soil nitrogen and phosphorus elusion loss monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pipe diameter of the hollow pipe is 20mm-50 mm.
9. A method of operating a field soil nitrogen phosphorus leaching loss monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
selecting hollow pipes and sampling pipes with proper pipe diameters according to the size of a monitored field block, uniformly burying a plurality of hollow pipes in field soil, installing the sampling pipes and a vacuum pump, and connecting the sampling pipes and the vacuum pump;
adjusting the scales on the sampling tubes to 0 scale mark, adjusting the insertion depth of each sampling tube by lifting the support, and reading the insertion depth through the scales on each sampling tube to obtain the sampling depth;
and step three, starting the vacuum pump, enabling liquid in the soil to enter the hollow pipe through the fine holes, and sampling and testing the liquid when the liquid flows out of the water outlet pipe.
10. The working method of the field soil nitrogen and phosphorus elusion loss monitoring system according to claim 9, characterized in that: in the second step, the insertion depth of each sampling tube can be the same or different.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011123993.3A CN112414773A (en) | 2020-10-20 | 2020-10-20 | System for monitoring nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss of field soil and working method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011123993.3A CN112414773A (en) | 2020-10-20 | 2020-10-20 | System for monitoring nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss of field soil and working method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112414773A true CN112414773A (en) | 2021-02-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011123993.3A Pending CN112414773A (en) | 2020-10-20 | 2020-10-20 | System for monitoring nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss of field soil and working method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112285310A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-29 | 武汉大学 | Nitrogen and phosphorus nutritive salt monitoring system for irrigation and drainage |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101261201A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-09-10 | 北京市农林科学院 | Natural state soil leachate collecting method |
| CN106370475A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Device for sampling currents in soil |
| CN210665734U (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-06-02 | 扬州市职业大学(扬州市广播电视大学) | Experimental field soil leaching in-situ layered collection device |
| CN111426512A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-17 | 中科鼎实环境工程有限公司 | Integrated device for sampling soil gas and underground water at fixed depth |
-
2020
- 2020-10-20 CN CN202011123993.3A patent/CN112414773A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101261201A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-09-10 | 北京市农林科学院 | Natural state soil leachate collecting method |
| CN106370475A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Device for sampling currents in soil |
| CN210665734U (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-06-02 | 扬州市职业大学(扬州市广播电视大学) | Experimental field soil leaching in-situ layered collection device |
| CN111426512A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-17 | 中科鼎实环境工程有限公司 | Integrated device for sampling soil gas and underground water at fixed depth |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112285310A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-29 | 武汉大学 | Nitrogen and phosphorus nutritive salt monitoring system for irrigation and drainage |
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Application publication date: 20210226 |
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