CN112412507B - Roadway anchor rod grouting judgment and sectional implementation method - Google Patents
Roadway anchor rod grouting judgment and sectional implementation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112412507B CN112412507B CN202011182387.9A CN202011182387A CN112412507B CN 112412507 B CN112412507 B CN 112412507B CN 202011182387 A CN202011182387 A CN 202011182387A CN 112412507 B CN112412507 B CN 112412507B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000003044 Closed Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000002565 Open Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
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- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a roadway anchor rod grouting determination and segmentation implementation method, which comprises the steps of drilling a roadway surrounding rock, equally dividing the drilled hole into a plurality of sections, analyzing and obtaining the comprehensive width of cracks in each section of the drilled hole of the roadway surrounding rock after the roadway is supported by a common anchor rod by using a drilling imager, dividing the sections, establishing a roadway anchor rod grouting determination index, performing anchor rod grouting reinforcement on the roadway which needs grouting determination, and setting the number of grouting anchor rod body grout outlet holes based on the comprehensive width of the cracks in each section of the drilled hole of the roadway surrounding rock. The roadway anchor rod grouting judgment and segmented implementation method provided by the invention can visually judge and analyze whether the roadway surrounding rock needs grouting reinforcement or not through the drilling imager, can determine the number of the grout outlet holes of the grouting anchor rod body, improves the scientificity and reliability of anchor rod grouting reinforcement, and provides scientific basis for roadway surrounding rock control, particularly grouting reinforcement construction of the deep broken surrounding rock anchor rod.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of roadway and tunnel support, and particularly relates to a roadway anchor rod grouting determination and segment implementation method.
Background
Along with the increase of the investment of the country on the construction of traffic and water conservancy and hydropower engineering and the increase of the mining intensity and the mining depth of coal resources, more and more long and large deep-buried tunnels, roadways and large-section shield tunnels are adopted, and the problem of the stability of surrounding rocks of the roadways is more and more important. As a traditional reinforcing mode, the anchor rod grouting reinforcing technology can effectively fill surrounding rock cracks, improve the crushing state of surrounding rocks, improve the strength of the surrounding rocks behind peaks, enhance the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rocks, control the deformation and damage of the surrounding rocks, and provide a reliable foundation for roadway expansion and reinforcement in the later period of a roadway. However, any support system has a certain application range, the grouting reinforcement process is complex, more equipment is needed, the required time is long, under the condition that the roadway is kept stable by using the conventional common anchor bolt support, the use of the anchor bolt grouting support is uneconomical and impractical, even if unstable rock formations which cannot keep the roadway stable by using the conventional common anchor bolt support, such as strong-flow mudstone and fissures which do not develop, the anchor bolt grouting support is not suitable, and adverse effects can be possibly generated. Therefore, whether the roadway needs anchor rod grouting support or not is reasonably judged, and at present, in the aspect of whether the roadway needs anchor rod grouting or not, the method mainly depends on experience, and is not beneficial to controlling the stability of surrounding rocks of the roadway and the tunnel and applying the anchor rod grouting support.
In addition, the anchor rod grouting support belongs to hidden engineering, in the anchor rod grouting support process, the distribution of the cracks of the surrounding rock of the roadway is uneven, and slurry cannot be filled according to the distribution of the cracks after conventional anchor rod grouting, so that the filling degree of the cracks of the surrounding rock is low, and the grouting effect and the control on the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway are influenced. The roadway anchor rod grouting support needs to be improved in the aspects of roadway anchor rod grouting judgment and implementation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art method, the invention aims to provide a roadway anchor rod grouting judgment and sectional implementation method, which can judge whether the roadway needs anchor rod grouting support or not, reasonably distribute grouting slurry according to fracture distribution, and improve the filling degree of surrounding rock fractures, thereby saving the support cost, improving the support efficiency, and improving the roadway support quality and the grouting reinforcement effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dividing a specified range of roadway surrounding rock after conventional common anchor rod supporting into a plurality of sections from inside to outside in sequence, wherein each section is 0.3m long, and respectively selecting key parts which are easy to destabilize from a top plate and two sides in a section of roadway range to drill holes, wherein the drill holes penetrate through the specified range of the roadway surrounding rock;
step two: after drilling, detecting in the tunnel top plate and the two drill holes by using a drill hole imager to generate images;
step three: according to an image in the drill hole generated by a drill hole imager, roughly divided into 5 types of transverse closed cracks, longitudinal closed cracks, transverse opened cracks, longitudinal opened cracks and crushing areas according to crack types, and respectively counting the actual widths of different types of cracks of surrounding rocks of each section of the roadway in the ranges of the top plate and the two sides of the drill hole;
step four: based on the actual widths of different types of cracks of the surrounding rock of each section of the roadway in the drilling ranges of the top plate and the two sides, respectively determining the comprehensive widths of the surrounding rock cracks of each section of the roadway in the drilling ranges of the top plate and the two sides by using a weight analysis method, establishing an anchor rod grouting judgment index of the roadway, dividing the anchor rod grouting judgment grade, and judging whether the top plate or the two sides of the section of the roadway need to be subjected to anchor rod grouting reinforcement;
step five: according to the judgment result of the grouting of the anchor rod of the tunnel, performing segmented grouting reinforcement on the tunnel top plate or two sides of which the grouting reinforcement is required according to the judgment result, determining the grade according to the surrounding rock segmentation of the tunnel and the surrounding rock segmentation of the tunnel top plate or two sides of which the grouting anchor rod body is positioned, determining the number and distribution of grout outlet holes on the tunnel top plate or two sides of the grouting anchor rod body, and realizing the targeted grouting reinforcement based on the distribution condition of the drilling cracks of the surrounding rock of the tunnel;
step six: and after the judgment of whether the anchor rod grouting is needed in one section of the roadway and the implementation of the sectional anchor rod grouting are finished, repeating the steps from one step to five, and carrying out the judgment of the anchor rod grouting in the next section of the roadway and the implementation of the sectional anchor rod grouting until the judgment of the anchor rod grouting in the whole roadway and the implementation of the sectional anchor rod grouting are finished.
In the first step, the specified range of the surrounding rock of the roadway is obtained by theoretical calculation, and the theoretical calculation is specifically as follows:
L＝max{R,Lanchor1 formula 1
In the formula: r is the plastic zone radius; r is the radius of the roadway; p is the stress of the original rock; p is a radical ofiThe resistance is used for supporting;
the internal friction angle of the surrounding rock; c is cohesive force of surrounding rock; l isAnchorAnchoring depth of a common anchor rod of the roadway;
in the fourth step, the calculation formula of the comprehensive width of the surrounding rock fracture of each section of the roadway is as follows:
in the formula: sdThe comprehensive width of cracks in surrounding rocks of a dj section of the top plate or two sides of the roadway is 1, 2, 3, and n; dj is a function ofiThe actual width of the ith crack in the dj section of the drill hole is defined; wkThe weight corresponding to the type of the ith crack, k is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, W1～W5Respectively correspond to 5 cracks in a transverse closed crack, a longitudinal closed crack, a transverse opened crack, a longitudinal opened crack and a crushing area, and W is1+W2+W3+W4+W5＝1；
In the fourth step, the roadway anchor rod grouting judgment indexes are as follows:
in the formula: sgThe average value of the comprehensive widths of the surrounding rock fractures of the top plate or the two sides of each section of the roadway is obtained;
in the fourth step, the comprehensive width of the surrounding rock fractures of each section of the roadway is divided into A (in the step of determining the grouting grade of the anchor rod)<0.100m), B (0.100-0.199 m), C (0.200-0.299 m) and D (more than or equal to 0.300m), and when the average value S of the comprehensive width of the surrounding rock fractures of each section of roadway is larger than or equal togThe size is more than or equal to 0.100m, namely when the grouting judgment grade of the top plate or the two sides of the roadway is not A, the top plate or the two sides of the roadway is judged to need to be subjected to anchor rod grouting reinforcement;
in the fifth step, the number and the distribution of the grout outlet holes on the roof of the roadway or the two sides of the grouting anchor rod bodies are determined according to the grouting judgment grade of the roof of the roadway or the two sides of the anchor rod bodies, the A, B, C, D grouting judgment grades of the four anchor rods respectively correspond to the number of the grout outlet holes on the grouting anchor rod bodies in the surrounding rock of each section of the roadway, and the total width S of the cracks in the surrounding rock of each section of the roadway is determined according to the comprehensive width S of the cracks in the surrounding rock of each section of the roadwaydObtaining surrounding rocks of all sections of roadway in the anchor rod grouting judgment intervalThe number of grout outlet holes on the rod body of the inner grouting anchor rod.
Preferably, in the second step, the borehole imager may output a three-dimensional histogram or a planar expansion chart describing the borehole core or the wall surrounding rock for borehole detection data statistics, where the borehole detection data includes a surrounding rock fracture tendency, an inclination angle, and a width.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the grout outlet holes in the grouting anchor rod body are arranged in a staggered mode.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the length of the grouting anchor rod body is according to the comprehensive width S of the surrounding rock fracture of each section of roadwaydSetting, wherein the length of the grouting anchor rod body is greater than the length from the roadway to the outmost end S of the surrounding rockdThe distance of the surrounding rock section is more than or equal to 0.100 m.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
1) according to the invention, the drilling imaging technology is applied to the judgment of whether the roadway needs to be supported by the anchor rod grouting, the problem of blind grouting support is avoided, whether the roadway needs to be supported by the anchor rod grouting can be judged more intuitively, the method is novel, and the selection of the roadway support mode is more scientific;
2) by the comprehensive width of the surrounding rock cracks of the roadway, the supporting effect of the conventional common anchor rod of the roadway can be simply evaluated, and the problem of evaluation depending on experience is solved;
3) the invention adopts sectional grouting reinforcement, overcomes the defects of low accuracy and blindness grouting of crack filling of the traditional anchor rod grouting support, ensures that grouting slurry filling is more in line with crack distribution, has more comprehensiveness and rationality in the grouting process, and has better anchor rod grouting effect.
In addition, the invention also has the advantages of simple operation, convenient use and the like.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention for wall rock drilling arrangement and bolt grouting determination;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view taken at I of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view taken at II of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 4 is a sectional implementation schematic diagram of the anchor grouting of the invention.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the invention at III in FIG. 4;
in the figure: 1-roadway, 2-surrounding rock, 3-grouting anchor rod, d 1-d 7-roadway surrounding rock subsection, K1-K3-roadway top plate and two side surrounding rock drilling, Sd1～Sd7The comprehensive width of cracks in surrounding rocks from the d1 th section to the d7 th section of the left upper, Sg-average value of comprehensive widths of surrounding rock fractures of each section of the left wall, d21～d25Actual width of No. 1-5 fractures of D2 th surrounding rock section on the left upper side, W1-transverse closed fracture weight, W2-longitudinal closed fracture weight, W3-transverse open fracture weight, W4-longitudinal open fracture weight, W5-weight of a crushing area, and A-D-comprehensive width grade of the surrounding rock fractures.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
according to the method, based on technical research means such as drilling peering detection and the like, parameters such as development degrees of various cracks of the surrounding rock drill hole are respectively counted, whether the surrounding rock of the roadway needs anchor rod grouting is comprehensively analyzed through a weight analysis method, an anchor rod grouting judgment index is established, grouting slurry is reasonably distributed according to crack distribution, the filling degree of the cracks of the surrounding rock is improved, and the roadway supporting quality and the grouting reinforcement effect are improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention specifically explains the method for judging grouting of the roadway anchor rod and implementing the grouting by sections through the description of the roadway construction condition:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating to obtain the specified range of the surrounding rock of the roadway of 2.3m, sequentially dividing the specified range of the surrounding rock of the roadway after the conventional common anchor bolt support into 7 sections of d 1-d 7 from inside to outside, wherein each section is 0.3m long, and drilling holes K1-K3 are respectively and selectively arranged on the top plate and two sides in the range of one section of the roadway and penetrate through the specified range of the surrounding rock of the roadway, as shown in figure 1;
step two: after drilling, detecting in the tunnel top plate and the K1-K3 drill holes on two sides by using a drill hole imager to generate images;
step three: according to an image in the drill hole generated by a drill hole imager, roughly divided into 5 types of transverse closed cracks, longitudinal closed cracks, transverse opened cracks, longitudinal opened cracks and crushing areas according to crack types, and respectively counting the actual widths of different types of cracks of surrounding rocks of each section of the roadway in the ranges of the top plate and the two sides of the drill hole;
step four: taking K1 drilling as an example, respectively determining the comprehensive width of the surrounding rock cracks of each section of the roadway in the drilling range based on the actual width of the different types of cracks of the surrounding rock of each section of the roadway in the drilling range and multiplying the actual width of the cracks by the corresponding crack weight coefficient, wherein the comprehensive width of the D2 section is calculated as shown in figure 3, establishing a roadway anchor rod grouting judgment index, dividing anchor rod grouting judgment grades A-D, and judging whether the left upper side of the section of the roadway needs anchor rod grouting reinforcement or not as shown in figure 2;
step five: according to the judgment result of the grouting of the anchor rod of the roadway, performing segmented grouting reinforcement on the roadway top plate or two sides of the roadway where the anchor rod needs to be grouted and reinforced as shown in fig. 3, wherein taking the left side of the roadway where the K1 drilled hole is located as an example, determining the range from the grouting anchor rod body of the left side of the roadway to the surrounding rock of the d5 th section according to the surrounding rock segmentation judgment level where the surrounding rock segmentation and the grouting anchor rod body are located, and the number and distribution of grout outlet holes in the grouting anchor rod body are shown in fig. 5;
step six: and after the judgment of whether the anchor rod grouting is needed in one section of the roadway and the implementation of the sectional anchor rod grouting are finished, repeating the steps from one step to five, and carrying out the judgment of the anchor rod grouting in the next section of the roadway and the implementation of the sectional anchor rod grouting until the judgment of the anchor rod grouting in the whole roadway and the implementation of the sectional anchor rod grouting are finished.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Thus, the description is to be construed in all aspects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (4)
1. A roadway anchor rod grouting judgment and sectional implementation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dividing a specified range of roadway surrounding rock after conventional common anchor rod supporting into a plurality of sections from inside to outside in sequence, wherein each section is 0.3m long, and respectively selecting key parts which are easy to destabilize from a top plate and two sides in a section of roadway range to drill holes, wherein the drill holes penetrate through the specified range of the roadway surrounding rock; the theoretical calculation formula of the specified range of the surrounding rock of the roadway is as follows:
L＝max{R,Lanchor1 formula 1
In the formula: r is the plastic zone radius; r is the radius of the roadway; p is the stress of the original rock; p is a radical ofiThe resistance is used for supporting;
the internal friction angle of the surrounding rock; c is cohesive force of surrounding rock; l isAnchorAnchoring depth of a common anchor rod of the roadway;
step two: after drilling, detecting in the tunnel top plate and the two sides of the drill holes by using a drill hole imager to generate images;
step three: dividing the images into 5 types of transverse closed cracks, longitudinal closed cracks, transverse open cracks, longitudinal open cracks and crushing areas according to the images and the crack types, and respectively counting the actual widths of different types of cracks of the surrounding rock of each section of the roadway in the range of the top plate and the two sides of the drill hole;
step four: based on the actual widths of different types of cracks of the surrounding rock of each section of the roadway in the drilling ranges of the top plate and the two sides, respectively determining the comprehensive widths of the surrounding rock cracks of each section of the roadway in the drilling ranges of the top plate and the two sides by using a weight analysis method, establishing an anchor rod grouting judgment index of the roadway, dividing the anchor rod grouting judgment grade, and judging whether the top plate or the two sides of the section of the roadway need to be subjected to anchor rod grouting reinforcement; the calculation formula of the comprehensive width of the surrounding rock fracture of each section of roadway is as follows:
in the formula: sdThe comprehensive width of cracks in surrounding rocks of a dj section of the top plate or two sides of the roadway is 1, 2, 3, and n; dj is a function ofiThe actual width of the ith crack in the dj section of the drill hole is defined; wkThe weight corresponding to the type of the ith crack, k is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, W1～W5Respectively correspond to 5 cracks in a transverse closed crack, a longitudinal closed crack, a transverse opened crack, a longitudinal opened crack and a crushing area, and W is1+W2+W3+W4+W5＝1；
The calculation formula of the roadway anchor rod grouting judgment index is as follows:
in the formula: sgThe average value of the comprehensive widths of the surrounding rock fractures of the top plate or the two sides of each section of the roadway is obtained;
the anchor rod grouting judgment grade is that the comprehensive width of the surrounding rock fracture of each section of roadway is divided into A (A)<0.100m), B (0.100-0.199 m), C (0.200-0.299 m) and D (more than or equal to 0.300m), and when the average value S of the comprehensive width of the surrounding rock fractures of each section of roadway is larger than or equal togThe size is more than or equal to 0.100m, namely when the grouting judgment grade of the top plate or the two sides of the roadway is not A, the top plate or the two sides of the roadway is judged to need to be subjected to anchor rod grouting reinforcement;
step five: according to the judgment result of the roadway anchor rod grouting, segmented grouting reinforcement is carried out on the roadway top plate or two sides of which the anchor rod grouting reinforcement is required according to the judgment result, the number and the distribution of the grout outlet holes in the roadway top plate or two sides of the grouting anchor rod body are determined according to the segmentation of the roadway surrounding rock and the segmentation judgment grade of the surrounding rock where the roadway top plate or two sides of the grouting anchor rod body are located, A, B, C, D the number of the grout outlet holes in the roadway top plate or two sides of the grouting anchor rod body is 0, 2, 4 and 6, and the comprehensive width S of the crack in each section of the roadway surrounding rock is the comprehensive width SdThe number of grout outlet holes in the grouting anchor rod body in the surrounding rock of each section of the roadway is obtained in the anchor rod grouting judgment interval; based on the distribution condition of the drilling cracks of the surrounding rock of the roadwayNow, performing targeted grouting reinforcement;
step six: and after the judgment of whether the anchor rod grouting is needed in one section of the roadway and the implementation of the sectional anchor rod grouting are finished, repeating the steps from one step to five, and carrying out the judgment of the anchor rod grouting in the next section of the roadway and the implementation of the sectional anchor rod grouting until the judgment of the anchor rod grouting in the whole roadway and the implementation of the sectional anchor rod grouting are finished.
2. The roadway anchor grouting determination and segmentation implementation method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the borehole imager can output a three-dimensional histogram or a plane expansion chart describing a borehole core or a borehole wall surrounding rock for borehole detection data statistics, and the borehole detection data includes surrounding rock fracture tendency, inclination angle and width.
3. The roadway anchor rod grouting judgment and segment implementation method according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, grout outlet holes in the body of the grouting anchor rod are arranged in a staggered mode.
4. The roadway anchor rod grouting judgment and segment implementation method according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the length of the body of the grouting anchor rod is determined according to the comprehensive width S of the surrounding rock fracture of each segment of the roadwaydSetting, wherein the length of the grouting anchor rod body is greater than the length from the roadway to the outmost end S of the surrounding rockdThe distance of the surrounding rock section is more than or equal to 0.100 m.
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| CN104215748B (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2015-04-22 | 山东大学 | Comprehensive quantitative determination method for grouting reinforcement effect of underground engineering crushed surrounding rocks |
| CN208088301U (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-11-13 | 北京市市政工程研究院 | Geotechnical engineering multi-layer grouting pipeline and multilayer position osmotic grouting system |
| CN108843329B (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2021-08-20 | 西安智财全技术转移中心有限公司 | Tunnel excavation construction method based on regional surrounding rock fracture evolution analysis |
| CN209339986U (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-09-03 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | A kind of anchor pole for slip casting |
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