CN112411513B

CN112411513B - Soil layered settlement monitoring device and method

Info

Publication number: CN112411513B
Application number: CN202011154502.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于永堂; 郑建国; 黄晓维; 张继文; 刘争宏; 张龙; 黄鑫
Original assignee: China Jikan Research Institute Of Engineering Investigations And Design co ltd
Current assignee: China Jikan Research Institute Of Engineering Investigations And Design co ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-26
Filing date: 2020-10-26
Publication date: 2022-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-26
Also published as: CN112411513A

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for monitoring soil body layered settlement, wherein the device comprises a plurality of settlement monitoring mechanisms, each settlement monitoring mechanism comprises an anchoring mechanism, a displacement sensor and a displacement transmission rod, each anchoring mechanism comprises a sleeve, a piston, a compression spring reset mechanism and an anchoring part, a sealing cover and a bottom cover are arranged at the lower end of each sleeve, a top cover is arranged at the upper end of each sleeve, a hydraulic pipe part for supplying hydraulic oil to the piston is arranged on each bottom cover, and a hydraulic pump is arranged outside the top of a buried hole; the method comprises the following steps: firstly, drilling an embedding hole; secondly, temporarily assembling a settlement monitoring mechanism on the ground; thirdly, a lower crane of the settlement monitoring mechanism and an installation of the displacement sensor; fourthly, continuously hoisting the settlement monitoring mechanism and anchoring the anchoring mechanism; fifthly, backfilling the embedding hole; and sixthly, acquiring layered settlement monitoring data. The invention has reasonable design, realizes the settlement deformation monitoring of different depths of the soil body, and has high monitoring precision and high automation degree.

Description

Soil layered settlement monitoring device and method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering monitoring, and particularly relates to a device and a method for monitoring layered settlement of soil.

Background

In projects such as high fill foundations, high fill roadbeds, earth and rock dams and the like, the layered settlement of the interior of a soil body is often required to be monitored, the settlement amounts of different depths and different periods of the soil layer are mastered, and the method is used for predicting the settlement trend after the project is finished and judging the stable state of the project. At present, a deep-punctuation level method, an electromagnetic settlement meter method and the like are mainly adopted for monitoring soil mass layered settlement, wherein the deep-punctuation level method is to drill a hole at a preset position by a drilling machine, then a measuring rod with a settlement disk is put into the hole, the outside of the measuring rod is protected by a sleeve to lead the measuring rod out of the ground, then the manual leveling elevation measurement method is used for observation, usually one drilling hole can be only provided with one deep punctuation, the deep punctuation level is only suitable for the condition that measuring points are few, the measurement process is greatly influenced by weather conditions, when the distance between the monitoring point and a reference point is far, long-distance measurement needs to be carried out, and the measurement process is time-consuming and labor-consuming; the electromagnetic settlement gauge method is to vertically drill a hole in a soil body and embed a settlement pipe, a settlement magnetic ring is arranged in the axial direction of the settlement pipe according to a layered measurement interval, reed claws arranged outside the settlement magnetic ring extend into the hole wall soil, the settlement magnetic ring settles along with the hole wall soil body, an initial position and a settled position of the magnetic ring are measured by an electromagnetic measuring head, and the layered settlement amount of the soil layer can be calculated by comparing the initial position and the settled position.

Therefore, a soil body layered settlement monitoring device and a soil body layered settlement monitoring method are lacking at present, the design is reasonable, the cost is low, time and labor are saved, the installation is convenient, the settlement deformation monitoring of different depths of the soil body is realized, the monitoring precision is high, and the automation degree is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a soil body layered settlement monitoring device which is reasonable in design, low in cost, time-saving, labor-saving, convenient to install, capable of realizing settlement deformation monitoring of soil bodies at different depths, high in monitoring precision and high in automation degree, and aims to overcome the defects in the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a soil body layering settlement monitoring devices which characterized in that: the device comprises a plurality of settlement monitoring mechanisms distributed along the height direction of a buried hole, the structures of the settlement monitoring mechanisms are the same, and two adjacent settlement monitoring mechanisms are detachably connected;

the settlement monitoring mechanism comprises two anchoring mechanisms, a displacement sensor arranged between the two anchoring mechanisms and a displacement transmission rod arranged at the bottom of the displacement sensor, the settlement monitoring mechanism positioned at the bottommost part in the embedding hole is marked as a bottom settlement monitoring mechanism, and the anchoring mechanism at the bottom end in the bottom settlement monitoring mechanism is positioned in a stable stratum;

the anchoring mechanism comprises a sleeve, a piston arranged in the sleeve, a compression spring resetting mechanism which is arranged in the sleeve and pushes the piston to reset, and an anchoring part arranged on the sleeve, wherein the end part of the anchoring part extending into the sleeve is positioned between the piston and the compression spring resetting mechanism;

the telescopic lower extreme is provided with sealed lid and bottom, sealed lid is located the bottom, the bottom with telescopic lower extreme can be dismantled and be connected, telescopic upper end is provided with the top cap, the connection can be dismantled to top cap and telescopic upper end, be provided with the hydraulic pressure pipe part that provides hydraulic oil for the piston on the bottom cap, bury underground the hole top portion and be provided with the hydraulic pump outward, the hydraulic pump with hydraulic pressure pipe part is connected.

Foretell soil body layering settlement monitoring devices which characterized in that: the bottom cover is provided with an installation cavity, a through hole is formed in the center of the sealing cover, the hydraulic pipe part comprises a hydraulic pipe joint extending into the installation cavity, a first connecting joint connected with one end of the hydraulic pipe joint and a second connecting joint connected with the other end of the hydraulic pipe joint, hydraulic pipes are installed on the first connecting joint and the second connecting joint, the hydraulic pipe joint is a T-shaped joint, a T-shaped oil inlet channel is arranged in the hydraulic pipe joint, a first oil inlet channel is arranged in the first connecting joint, a second oil inlet channel is arranged in the second connecting joint, the first oil inlet channel, the T-shaped oil inlet channel and the second oil inlet channel are sequentially communicated, and the T-shaped oil inlet channel, the installation cavity and the through hole are sequentially communicated.

Foretell soil body layering settlement monitoring devices which characterized in that: a plurality of first sealing rings are arranged between the outer side wall of the piston and the inner side wall of the sleeve, and a second sealing ring is arranged between the outer side wall of the sealing cover and the inner side wall of the sleeve;

the bottom of the bottom cover, which is far away from the sleeve, is provided with a lower threaded joint, and the top of the top cover, which is far away from the sleeve, is provided with an upper threaded joint;

and a hanging ring is arranged on the outer side wall of the sleeve.

Foretell soil body layering settlement monitoring devices which characterized in that: the anchoring part comprises a supporting seat sleeved on the sleeve and three anchoring heads uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the supporting seat, the supporting seat is detachably connected with the sleeve, and the supporting seat comprises a sleeve ring part and three connecting seats uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the sleeve ring part;

the three anchor heads are identical in structure and comprise supporting rods connected with the connecting seats and anchor plates installed on the supporting rods, one ends of the supporting rods connected with the connecting seats stretch into the sleeves, and one ends of the supporting rods stretching into the sleeves are located between the pistons and the compression spring reset mechanisms.

Foretell soil body layering settlement monitoring devices which characterized in that: the connecting seats comprise two lug plates which are arranged in parallel, a gap for mounting one end of the supporting rod is arranged between the two lug plates, and an arc-shaped connecting plate is arranged between every two adjacent connecting seats;

the supporting seat comprises a first collar portion and a second collar portion integrally formed with the first collar portion, the inner diameters of the first collar portion and the second collar portion are the same, the outer diameter of the second collar portion is smaller than the outer diameter of the first collar portion, the second collar portion is multiple, the inner diameter defined by the arc-shaped connecting plate is larger than the inner diameter of the first collar portion, and the arc-shaped connecting plate is multiple, the outer diameter defined by the arc-shaped connecting plate is smaller than the outer diameter of the first collar portion.

Foretell soil body layering settlement monitoring devices which characterized in that: the bracing piece includes integrated into one piece's first supporting part, second supporting part and third supporting part, contained angle between first supporting part and the second supporting part is the obtuse angle, the tip that the second supporting part was kept away from to first supporting part is the arc, the tip that the second supporting part was kept away from to the third supporting part is provided with the engaging lug board that two symmetries were laid, the width of first supporting part and second supporting part is less than the width of third supporting part, two connecting lug board and anchor plate are connected.

Foretell soil body layering settlement monitoring devices which characterized in that: compression spring canceling release mechanical system is including setting up dabber and the cover in the sleeve establish the epaxial compression spring of dabber, the dabber include first shaft section and with first shaft section integrated into one piece's second shaft section, the length of second shaft section is greater than the length of first shaft section, the external diameter of first shaft section is greater than the external diameter of second shaft section, the lateral wall and the telescopic inside wall laminating of first shaft section, compression spring suit is on the second shaft section, be provided with the recess that supplies the dabber to stretch into in the top cap, the bottom of recess and dabber stretch into and be provided with the clearance between the tip of recess, compression spring's one end is supported on the first shaft section, compression spring's the other end supports on the top cap.

Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a soil body layered settlement monitoring method which has the advantages of simple method steps, reasonable design, convenient realization, high detection accuracy and good use effect, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, drilling an embedded hole:

step 101, drilling a soil body to be monitored by adopting a dry drilling method to form an embedding hole; wherein the aperture of the embedding hole is 10-20 mm smaller than the maximum expanding diameter d of the settlement monitoring mechanism;

102, sequentially arranging n settlement monitoring points along the inner side wall of the burying hole from bottom to top; wherein n is a positive integer and is not less than 3, the vertical spacing between two adjacent settlement monitoring points is not less than 1m, the 1 st settlement monitoring point is positioned in a stable stratum, and the spacing between the nth settlement monitoring point and the top end of the embedding hole is 1 m-2 m;

step two, temporary assembly of the ground settlement monitoring mechanism:

step 201, installing a hydraulic pipe joint on a bottom cover, and installing a first connecting joint on the hydraulic pipe joint to obtain a 1 st anchoring mechanism; the hydraulic pipe joint is an L-shaped joint, an L-shaped oil inlet channel is arranged in the hydraulic pipe joint, and a lower threaded joint is not arranged on the bottom cover;

step 202, mounting a hydraulic pipe joint on the bottom cover, connecting one end of the hydraulic pipe joint with a first connecting joint, and connecting the other end of the hydraulic pipe joint with a second connecting joint to obtain a 2 nd anchoring mechanism to an nth anchoring mechanism; the hydraulic pipe joint is a T-shaped joint, a T-shaped oil inlet channel is arranged in the hydraulic pipe joint, and a lower threaded joint is arranged on the bottom cover;

step 203, inserting a steel wire rope into the hanging ring from the hanging ring on the 1 st anchoring mechanism to the hanging ring on the nth anchoring mechanism, and fixedly connecting the steel wire rope and the hanging ring through a rope clamp;

step 204, installing a first hydraulic pipe between the lower ends of the hydraulic pipe joint in the 1 st anchoring mechanism and the hydraulic pipe joint in the 2 nd anchoring mechanism;

step 205, installing an ith hydraulic pipe between the upper end of the hydraulic pipe joint in the ith anchoring mechanism and the lower end of the hydraulic pipe joint in the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism; wherein i is a positive integer, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than n-1;

step 206, repeating the step 205 for multiple times until the n-1 st hydraulic pipe is installed between the upper end of the hydraulic pipe joint in the n-1 st anchoring mechanism and the lower end of the hydraulic pipe joint in the n-1 st anchoring mechanism; the system comprises a first hydraulic pipe, a second hydraulic pipe, a third hydraulic pipe, a fourth hydraulic pipe, a fifth hydraulic pipe, a sixth hydraulic pipe and a sixth hydraulic pipe, wherein the sixth hydraulic pipe are communicated in turn communicated in sequence;

step 207, installing a hydraulic connecting pipe at the upper end of the hydraulic pipe joint in the nth anchoring mechanism, wherein the hydraulic connecting pipe is connected with a hydraulic pump;

step 208, operating the hydraulic pump to work, wherein hydraulic oil provided by the hydraulic pump passes through the hydraulic connecting pipe, and the hydraulic oil output by the hydraulic connecting pipe enters the ith anchoring mechanism through the ith hydraulic pipe;

step 209, in the 1 st to nth anchoring mechanisms, the piston pushes one end of the support rod extending into the sleeve to move close to the compression spring reset mechanism, the other end of the support rod moves close to the sleeve, and the support rod drives the three anchoring heads to contract;

step 20A, hoisting the steel wire rope by using a crane, and ensuring that the vertical center lines of the 1 st anchoring mechanism and the ith anchoring mechanism are superposed with the vertical center line of the embedding hole; the length of the steel wire rope between two adjacent anchoring mechanisms is larger than the vertical distance between two adjacent settlement monitoring points;

step three, the lower lifting of the settlement monitoring mechanism and the installation of the displacement sensor:

step 301, the lower suspension of the first settlement monitoring mechanism and the installation of the 1 st displacement sensor, the specific process is as follows:

step 3011, installing a first displacement transmission rod in an upper thread installation groove on a top cover in the 1 st anchoring mechanism, and installing a lower telescopic corrugated pipe on an upper thread joint on the top cover in the 1 st anchoring mechanism; the first displacement transmission rod and the lower telescopic corrugated pipe are coaxially arranged, and the first displacement transmission rod is positioned in the lower telescopic corrugated pipe;

step 3012, installing a first full-thread lead screw on the top of the first displacement transmission rod;

step 3013, install the first displacement sensor in the lower whorl mounting groove on the bottom cover in the anchor mechanism of 2 nd, and install the flexible corrugated pipe on the lower whorl joint on the bottom cover in the anchor mechanism of 2 nd; the first displacement sensor is positioned inside the upper telescopic corrugated pipe, and the first displacement sensor and the upper telescopic corrugated pipe are coaxially arranged;

3014, connecting the upper end of the outer sleeve on the first displacement sensor with the upper telescopic bellows, and connecting the lower end of the outer sleeve on the first displacement sensor with the lower telescopic bellows;

3015, when the first displacement sensor is adjusted to be in the maximum stretching range, the first full-thread lead screw is screwed into the connector at the bottom of the first displacement sensor, and the length of the first full-thread lead screw screwed into the connector at the bottom of the first displacement sensor is adjusted, so that the vertical distance between the central point of the 1 st anchoring mechanism and the central point of the 2 nd anchoring mechanism meets the vertical distance between the 1 st settlement monitoring point and the 2 nd settlement monitoring point;

3016, using a crane to hoist the steel wire rope, and driving the 1 st anchoring mechanism and the 2 nd anchoring mechanism to be lowered down along the embedding hole by the steel wire rope hoisting until the top of the 2 nd anchoring mechanism is flush with the top of the embedding hole;

step 302, repeating the step 301 for multiple times until the hoisting of the ith settlement monitoring mechanism and the installation of the ith displacement sensor are completed, wherein the specific process is as follows:

step 3021, installing an ith displacement transmission rod in an upper thread installation groove on a top cover in the ith anchoring mechanism, and installing a lower telescopic corrugated pipe on an upper thread joint on the top cover in the ith anchoring mechanism; the ith displacement transmission rod is coaxially arranged with the lower telescopic corrugated pipe and is positioned in the lower telescopic corrugated pipe;

step 3022, mounting an ith full-thread screw rod on the top of the ith displacement transmission rod;

step 3023, installing an ith displacement sensor in a lower thread installation groove on the bottom cover of the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism, and installing an upper telescopic corrugated pipe on a lower thread joint on the bottom cover of the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism; the ith displacement sensor is positioned inside the upper telescopic corrugated pipe, and the ith displacement sensor and the upper telescopic corrugated pipe are coaxially arranged;

step 3024, connecting the upper end of an outer sleeve on the ith displacement sensor with an upper telescopic bellows, and connecting the lower end of the outer sleeve on the ith displacement sensor with a lower telescopic bellows;

step 3025, connecting the ith full-thread screw rod with the bottom of the ith displacement sensor; the ith displacement sensor is positioned in the maximum stretching range, and the vertical distance between the central point of the ith anchoring mechanism and the central point of the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism meets the vertical distance between the ith settlement monitoring point and the (i + 1) th settlement monitoring point;

step 3026, a hoisting machine is used for hoisting the steel wire rope downwards, and the steel wire rope is hoisted downwards to drive the ith anchoring mechanism and the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism to be lowered down along the embedding hole until the top of the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism is flush with the top of the embedding hole;

step 303, repeating step 302 for multiple times, completing the installation of the (n-1) th displacement sensor until the lower hanging of the nth settlement monitoring mechanism is flush with the top of the embedding hole, and installing an nth displacement transmission rod in an upper thread installation groove on a top cover in the nth anchoring mechanism;

step four, continuing to hoist the settlement monitoring mechanism and anchoring the anchoring mechanism:

step 401, a hoisting machine is adopted to hoist the steel wire rope downwards, and the steel wire rope hoisting belt moves each anchoring mechanism to lower along the embedding hole until the central positions of the n settlement monitoring mechanisms along the height direction are respectively positioned at the same height with the n settlement monitoring points;

step 402, operating the hydraulic pump to stop working, removing hydraulic oil in the ith hydraulic pipe, extending compression springs in the n anchoring structures to push one end of a supporting rod and a piston to move in a reverse direction, moving the other end of the supporting rod away from a sleeve, driving the three anchoring heads to expand by the supporting rod, and anchoring each anchoring structure at n settlement monitoring points;

step five, backfilling the embedding hole:

backfilling the embedding hole by adopting fine sand and bentonite;

step six, acquiring layered settlement monitoring data:

601, recording a soil layer between the ith settlement monitoring point and the (i + 1) th settlement monitoring point as an ith soil layer by the computer; wherein i is a positive integer, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than n;

step 602, collecting the displacement data tested by the n-1 displacement sensors to obtain the relative settlement of the n-1 soil layers.

The above method is characterized in that: in step 602, the displacement data tested by the n-1 displacement sensors are collected to obtain the relative settlement of n-1 soil layers, and the specific process is as follows:

step 6021, arranging a monitoring box at the top of the embedding hole, and arranging a data collector and a wireless communication module connected with the data collector in the monitoring box;

step 6022, connecting the n-1 displacement sensors with a data acquisition unit through an RS485 bus;

step 6023, the data acquisition unit acquires the displacement data tested by the n-1 displacement sensors according to the preset measuring time, acquires the displacement data tested by the n-1 displacement sensors at each measuring time, and records the displacement data tested by the ith displacement sensor at the jth measuring time as the relative settlement Delta S of the ith soil layer at the jth measuring time_i(j)。

Step 602 is followed by the following steps:

step 603, the data acquisition unit obtains the relative settlement delta S of the ith soil layer_i(j) By wireless communicationThe information module is sent to the computer, and the computer is according to the formula

Obtaining the absolute settlement S of the ith soil layer relative stable stratum at the jth measurement time_i(j) (ii) a Wherein i 'is a positive integer, and i' is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to i;

step 604, recording the absolute settlement of the relatively stable stratum of the ith soil layer obtained from J measurement times as S_i(1)，...，S_i(j)，...，S_i(J) Drawing and fitting to obtain a settlement change curve of the ith soil layer by taking the measurement time as an abscissa and taking the absolute settlement of the relatively stable stratum of the ith soil layer as an ordinate, and acquiring the settlement change rate of the ith soil layer; wherein the measuring time is 10 to 30 days; wherein J is a positive integer, and J is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to J;

and 605, repeating the step 603 and the step 604 for multiple times to obtain the sedimentation change rates of the n soil layers, and obtaining the soil layer corresponding to the maximum sedimentation change rate.

The above method is characterized in that: and fifthly, backfilling the embedding hole by using fine sand and bentonite, wherein the concrete process is as follows:

step 501, pouring fine sand into the embedding hole from the top of the embedding hole, and backfilling the embedding hole to form a first backfilling layer; wherein the distance between the top of the first backfill layer and the top of the embedding hole is 1-2 m;

502, pouring bentonite into the embedding hole from the top of the embedding hole, and backfilling the embedding hole to form a second backfill layer until the top of the second backfill layer is flush with the top of the embedding hole;

3011, a first bellows interface is arranged at a lower end of the lower telescopic bellows, the first bellows interface is connected to the upper threaded joint, a second bellows interface is arranged at an upper end of the lower telescopic bellows, the second bellows interface is connected to a lower end of an outer sleeve on the displacement sensor, a third bellows interface is arranged at a lower end of the upper telescopic bellows, a fourth bellows interface is arranged at an upper end of the upper telescopic bellows, the third bellows interface is connected to an upper end of the outer sleeve on the displacement sensor, and the fourth bellows interface is in threaded connection with the lower threaded joint.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the adopted soil body layered settlement monitoring device has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, simple and convenient installation and layout, lower investment cost, capability of monitoring settlement deformation of different depths on the same vertical line of a soil body in real time, and capability of avoiding the defects of difficult construction, time consumption, labor consumption, complex data processing and the like in the installation and test processes of the monitoring device.

2. The settlement monitoring mechanism adopted by the invention comprises two anchoring mechanisms and a displacement sensor arranged between the two anchoring mechanisms, and the anchoring mechanisms are arranged so that the anchoring mechanisms are in close contact with the soil body and are firmly anchored, the synchronous deformation of the anchoring mechanisms and the soil body of the buried hole wall can be ensured, and the monitoring reliability and accuracy are improved.

3. The settlement monitoring mechanism adopted by the invention comprises a displacement sensor arranged between the two anchoring mechanisms, the relative settlement of each soil layer and the absolute settlement of the relatively stable stratum of each soil layer are obtained through the displacement sensor, and the data detection is convenient.

4. The anchoring component is used for effectively anchoring in different depths of the soil body, is tightly contacted with the soil body on the side wall in the embedding hole and generates coordinated deformation, realizes synchronous settlement with the soil body layer and improves the accuracy of settlement; on the other hand, the contraction and expansion of the anchoring part are used for effectively adapting to the embedded hole, the installation is simple and convenient, and the adaptation range is improved.

5. The piston and the compression spring resetting mechanism are adopted in the invention, so that one end of the support rod extending into the sleeve is pushed by the piston to move close to the compression spring resetting mechanism, the other end of the support rod moves close to the sleeve, and the support rod drives the three anchoring heads to contract, so that the anchoring mechanism contracts, and the settlement monitoring mechanism is convenient to lower; the hydraulic oil provided by the hydraulic pipe part is unloaded, the compression spring extends to push one end of the supporting rod and the piston to move in the reverse direction, the other end of the supporting rod is far away from the sleeve to move, the supporting rod drives the three anchoring heads to expand, and then all the anchoring structures are anchored at the settlement monitoring point.

6. The anchoring mechanism adopted by the invention is internally provided with the piston and the bottom cover, the bottom cover is provided with the hydraulic pipe component for providing hydraulic oil for the piston, the hydraulic oil provided by the hydraulic pipe component pushes the piston to move, the piston is positioned in the sleeve, and the bottom cover is positioned at the bottom of the sleeve, so that the diameter of the anchoring mechanism is reduced, and the application range is improved.

7. The top cover is arranged in the anchoring mechanism adopted by the invention, so that the connection with the displacement transmission rod is facilitated; set up the bottom, be in addition for the convenience of displacement sensor's installation to connect displacement sensor and displacement transfer pole between two anchor mechanisms, it is convenient to install and dismantle.

8. According to the invention, a plurality of settlement monitoring mechanisms are distributed along the height direction of the embedding hole, and the multi-point, large-range and high-precision measurement of layered settlement of deep soil layers is met through the serial combined structure of the settlement monitoring mechanisms.

9. According to the invention, the lower telescopic corrugated pipe and the upper telescopic corrugated pipe are sleeved outside the displacement transmission rod and the displacement sensor, so that the influence of the surrounding soil body in the embedded hole on the displacement transmission rod and the displacement sensor is reduced, the working states of the displacement transmission rod and the displacement sensor are improved, and the test data is more reliable and accurate.

10. The method for monitoring the layered settlement of the soil body has simple steps and reasonable design, and comprises the steps of firstly drilling the buried hole, then temporarily assembling the settlement monitoring mechanism on the ground, then installing the lower lifting of the settlement monitoring mechanism and the displacement sensor, continuing the lower lifting of the settlement monitoring mechanism and the anchoring of the anchoring mechanism, then backfilling the buried hole by adopting fine sand and bentonite, and finally acquiring layered settlement monitoring data.

In conclusion, the invention has the advantages of reasonable design, low cost, time and labor saving, convenient installation, high monitoring precision and high automation degree, and realizes the monitoring of the settlement deformation of soil bodies at different depths.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the soil mass layered settlement monitoring device of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an anchoring mechanism of the soil mass layered settlement monitoring device of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the positions of the anchoring mechanism and the burying hole of the soil mass layered settlement monitoring device of the invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a supporting seat of the soil mass layered settlement monitoring device of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a left side view of fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a supporting rod of the soil mass layered settlement monitoring device.

Fig. 7 is a top view of fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a schematic circuit block diagram of the soil layered settlement monitoring device of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a flow chart of the soil mass layered settlement monitoring method of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1-an anchoring plate; 1-dentate projections;

2, supporting rods; 2-1 — a first support portion; 2-2 — a second support;

2-3-a third support; 2-4-connecting ear plate; 2-5-a second mounting hole;

2-6-third mounting hole; 2-7-inclined plane; 3, a support seat;

3-1-a first connection base; 3-1-otic placode; 3-1-2-a first mounting hole;

3-2-a second connecting seat; 3-a third connecting seat; 3-4-second collar portion;

3-5-arc connecting plate; 3-6-limiting groove; 3-7-a first collar portion;

4, sleeving a sleeve; 4-1-a first cylinder; 4-2-second cylinder;

4-2-1-rectangular hole; 5, a top cover; 5-1, mounting a threaded joint;

5-2-grooves; 5-3, mounting a thread mounting groove; 6-bottom cover;

6-1-lower thread joint; 6-2-installation cavity; 6-3-lower thread mounting groove;

7-a piston; 7-1-cylindrical recess; 8-a first sealing ring;

9-mandrel; 9-1 — a first shaft section; 9-2 — second shaft section;

10-sealing cover; 10-1-through hole; 11-compression spring;

12-hydraulic pipe joint; 12-1 — a first connection joint; 12-2 — a second connector tab;

12-3-T shape oil inlet channel; 13-hydraulic pipe; 14-a hydraulic pump;

14-1-hydraulic connecting pipe; 16-a displacement transmission rod; 16-1 — a first displacement transfer rod;

17-1 — a first full-thread lead screw; 18-a displacement sensor; 18-1 — a first displacement sensor;

19-embedding holes; 20-stabilizing the formation; 21-monitoring box;

22-a hoisting ring; 22-1 — a first bellows interface; 22-2 — a second bellows interface;

22-3 — a third bellows interface; 22-4-a fourth bellows interface; 23-1, a lower telescopic corrugated pipe;

23-2-upper bellows; 25-a steel wire rope; 30-a data collector;

31-a wireless communication module; 32-computer.

Detailed Description

The device for monitoring layered settlement of the soil body as shown in fig. 1 to 7 comprises a plurality of settlement monitoring mechanisms distributed along the height direction of a burying hole 19, wherein the plurality of settlement monitoring mechanisms have the same structure, and two adjacent settlement monitoring mechanisms are detachably connected;

the settlement monitoring mechanism comprises two anchoring mechanisms, a displacement sensor 18 arranged between the two anchoring mechanisms and a displacement transmission rod 16 arranged at the bottom of the displacement sensor 18, the settlement monitoring mechanism positioned at the bottommost part in the embedding hole 19 is marked as a bottom settlement monitoring mechanism, and the anchoring mechanism at the bottom end in the bottom settlement monitoring mechanism is positioned in a stable stratum;

the anchoring mechanism comprises a sleeve 4, a piston 7 arranged in the sleeve 4, a compression spring resetting mechanism which is arranged in the sleeve 4 and pushes the piston 7 to reset, and an anchoring part arranged on the sleeve 4, wherein the end part of the anchoring part extending into the sleeve 4 is positioned between the piston 7 and the compression spring resetting mechanism;

the lower extreme of sleeve 4 is provided with sealed lid 10 and bottom 6, sealed lid 10 is located bottom 6, bottom 6 with the connection can be dismantled to the lower extreme of sleeve 4, the upper end of sleeve 4 is provided with top cap 5, the connection can be dismantled to the upper end of top cap 5 and sleeve 4, be provided with the hydraulic pressure pipe part that provides hydraulic oil for piston 7 on the bottom 6, it is provided with hydraulic pump 14 to bury underground the hole 19 top outward, hydraulic pump 14 with the hydraulic pressure pipe part is connected.

In this embodiment, an installation cavity 6-2 is formed in the bottom cover 6, a through hole 10-1 is formed in the center of the sealing cover 10, the hydraulic pipe component includes a hydraulic pipe joint 12 extending into the installation cavity 6-2, a first connection joint 12-1 connected to one end of the hydraulic pipe joint 12, and a second connection joint 12-2 connected to the other end of the hydraulic pipe joint 12, a hydraulic pipe 13 is installed on the first connection joint 12-1 and the second connection joint 12-2, the hydraulic pipe joint 12 is a T-shaped joint, a T-shaped oil inlet channel 12-3 is formed in the hydraulic pipe joint 12, a first oil inlet channel is formed in the first connection joint 12-1, a second oil inlet channel is formed in the second connection joint 12-2, and the first oil inlet channel and the T-shaped oil inlet channel 12-3 are formed in the first connection joint 12-1, The second oil inlet channels are communicated in sequence, and the T-shaped oil inlet channel 12-3, the mounting cavity 6-2 and the through hole 10-1 are communicated in sequence.

In this embodiment, a plurality of first sealing rings 8 are arranged between the outer side wall of the piston 7 and the inner side wall of the sleeve 4, and a second sealing ring is arranged between the outer side wall of the sealing cover 10 and the inner side wall of the sleeve 4;

the bottom cover 6 is provided with a lower threaded joint 6-1 at the bottom part far away from the sleeve 4, and the top cover 5 is provided with an upper threaded joint 5-1 at the top part far away from the sleeve 4;

the outer side wall of the sleeve 4 is provided with a hanging ring 22.

In this embodiment, the anchoring part comprises a supporting seat 3 sleeved on a sleeve 4 and three anchoring heads uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the supporting seat 3, the supporting seat 3 is detachably connected with the sleeve 4, and the supporting seat 3 comprises a sleeve part and three connecting seats uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the sleeve part;

the structure of the anchor head is the same, the anchor head comprises a support rod 2 connected with the connecting seat and an anchor plate 1 installed on the support rod 2, the support rod 2 and one end connected with the connecting seat extend into the sleeve 4, and one end of the support rod 2 extending into the sleeve 4 is located between the piston 7 and the compression spring reset mechanism.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in this embodiment, the connecting base includes two ear plates 3-1-1 arranged in parallel, a gap for mounting one end of the supporting rod 2 is provided between the two ear plates 3-1-1, and an arc-shaped connecting plate 3-5 is provided between two adjacent connecting bases;

the supporting seat 3 comprises a first collar portion 3-7 and a second collar portion 3-4 integrally formed with the first collar portion 3-7, the inner diameters of the first collar portion 3-7 and the second collar portion 3-4 are the same, the outer diameter of the second collar portion 3-4 is smaller than the outer diameter of the first collar portion 3-7, the inner diameter surrounded by a plurality of arc-shaped connecting plates 3-5 is larger than the inner diameter of the first collar portion 3-7, and the outer diameter surrounded by a plurality of arc-shaped connecting plates 3-5 is smaller than the outer diameter of the first collar portion 3-7.

As shown in fig. 6 and 7, in this embodiment, the supporting rod 2 includes a first supporting portion 2-1, a second supporting portion 2-2, and a third supporting portion 2-3, which are integrally formed, an included angle between the first supporting portion 2-1 and the second supporting portion 2-2 is an obtuse angle, an end portion of the first supporting portion 2-1, which is far away from the second supporting portion 2-2, is an arc, an end portion of the third supporting portion 2-3, which is far away from the second supporting portion 2-2, is provided with two symmetrically-arranged connecting ear plates 2-4, widths of the first supporting portion 2-1 and the second supporting portion 2-2 are smaller than a width of the third supporting portion 2-3, and the two connecting ear plates 2-4 are connected with the anchoring plate 1.

In this embodiment, the compression spring return mechanism includes a mandrel 9 disposed in the sleeve 4 and a compression spring 11 sleeved on the mandrel 9, the mandrel 9 includes a first shaft section 9-1 and a second shaft section 9-2 integrally formed with the first shaft section 9-1, the length of the second shaft section 9-2 is greater than that of the first shaft section 9-1, the outer diameter of the first shaft section 9-1 is greater than that of the second shaft section 9-2, the outer side wall of the first shaft section 9-1 is attached to the inner side wall of the sleeve 4, the compression spring 11 is sleeved on the second shaft section 9-2, a groove 5-2 into which the mandrel 9 extends is disposed in the top cover 5, a gap is disposed between the bottom of the groove 5-2 and the end of the mandrel 9 extending into the groove 5-2, and one end of the compression spring 11 is abutted to the first shaft section 9-1, the other end of the compression spring 11 abuts against the top cover 5.

In this embodiment, the side surface of the third supporting portion 2-3 close to the ear plate 2-4 is an inclined surface 2-1, so as to facilitate the contraction or expansion of the anchoring plate 1.

In this embodiment, the three anchoring heads are respectively a first anchoring head, a second anchoring head and a third anchoring head, the three installation bases are respectively a first connection base 3-1 for installing the first anchoring head, a second connection base 3-2 for installing the second anchoring head and a third connection base 3-3 for installing the third anchoring head, the first connection base 3-1, the second connection base 3-2 and the third connection base 3-3 comprise two ear plates 3-1-1 arranged in parallel, and a gap is arranged between the two ear plates 3-1-1.

In this embodiment, the end of the support rod 2 extending into the sleeve 4 is located between the piston 7 and the first shaft section 9-1.

In this embodiment, the first supporting portion 2-1 extends into the sleeve 4 through the sleeve 4, the second supporting portion 2-2 is connected with the two ear plates 3-1-1, first mounting holes 3-1-2 are formed in the two ear plates 3-1-1, second mounting holes 2-5 are formed in the second supporting portion 2-2, and first hinge members are arranged in the second mounting holes 2-5 and the first mounting holes 3-1-2 in a penetrating manner;

third mounting holes 2-6 are formed in the two connecting ear plates 2-4, fourth mounting holes 1-2 are formed in the anchoring plate 1, and second hinged parts penetrate through the third mounting holes 2-6 and the fourth mounting holes 1-2.

In this embodiment, the outer side surface of the anchoring plate 1 is provided with a plurality of tooth-shaped protrusions 1-1.

In this embodiment, the anchor plate 1 is an arc-shaped rigid plate that is adapted to the inner wall of the embedding hole 19 in actual use.

In this embodiment, in practical use, the first collar portion 3-7 and the second collar portion 3-4 are cylinders with internal threads.

In this embodiment, in actual use, the first collar portion 3-7 is provided with a limiting groove 3-6 for limiting the end of the first supporting portion 2-1, and the bottom of the limiting groove 3-6 is obliquely arranged.

In this embodiment, in practical use, the inner side wall of the support seat 3 is in threaded connection with the outer side wall of the sleeve 4.

In this embodiment, in actual use, the sleeve 4 is a rigid cylinder, the sleeve 4 includes a first cylinder 4-1 and a second cylinder 4-2 in threaded connection with the first cylinder 4-1, the inner diameters of the first cylinder 4-1 and the second cylinder 4-2 are the same, the outer diameter of the first cylinder 4-1 is smaller than the outer diameter of the second cylinder 4-2, the support seat 3 is installed at one end of the second cylinder 4-2 close to the first cylinder 4-1, three rectangular holes 4-2-1 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction on the second cylinder 4-2, and the first support part 2-1 penetrates through the rectangular holes 4-2-1 and extends into the sleeve 4.

In this embodiment, in practical use, a lower thread mounting groove 6-3 for mounting the displacement sensor 18 is provided in the lower threaded joint 6-1.

In this embodiment, in actual use, the end portion of the top cover 5 close to the sleeve 4 is provided with an internal thread matched with the second cylinder 4-2 in the sleeve 4, and the inside of the upper threaded joint 5-1 is provided with an upper threaded mounting groove 5-3 for mounting the displacement transmission rod 16.

In this embodiment, in actual use, the end of the bottom cover 6 close to the sleeve 4 is provided with an internal thread matching with the first cylinder 4-1 in the sleeve 4, and the side of the bottom cover 6 is provided with an internal thread hole for installing the hydraulic pipe joint 12.

In this embodiment, during practical use, the piston 7 is a solid cylinder, two annular grooves are arranged on the outer side wall of the piston 7 close to the bottom cover 6, the first seal ring 8 is installed in the annular grooves, and a cylindrical groove 7-1 is arranged at the end part of the piston 7 close to the bottom cover 6, so that hydraulic oil can be stored conveniently.

In this embodiment, in actual use, the first seal ring 8 and the second seal ring are both o-shaped seal rings.

In this embodiment, in actual use, the core shaft is a T-shaped solid cylinder, the first shaft section 9-1 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve 4, and the second shaft section 9-2 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the compression spring 11.

In this embodiment, in actual use, the compression spring 11 is a compression spring with a square cross section and an equal pitch. When the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil is applied to the piston 7 to move close to the compression spring 11, the compression spring 11 stores the deformation energy, and when the oil pressure is removed, the compression spring 11 pushes the piston 7 to move in the reverse direction along the sleeve 4.

In this embodiment, in actual use, the hydraulic pipe joint 12 in the anchoring mechanism in the stable ground is an L-shaped joint, and only the first connection joint 12-1 is provided on the hydraulic pipe joint 12.

In this embodiment, in actual use, the hydraulic pipe 13 is a high-pressure hose, the high-pressure hose has a three-layer structure, the inner layer and the outer layer are made of resin materials, and the middle layer is a mesh-shaped chemical fiber thread.

In this embodiment, in actual use, the hydraulic pump 14 is a manual hydraulic pump, and the hydraulic pump is provided with a pressure gauge.

In this embodiment, in practical use, the hydraulic pump 14 may further be a SYB-2A manual pump.

In this embodiment, in practical use, the displacement transmission rod 16 is a glass fiber rod or a metal tube, and two ends of the displacement transmission rod 16 are provided with external threads.

In this embodiment, the displacement transmission rod 16 may be connected and extended by a joint with an internal thread.

In this embodiment, in practical use, the displacement transmission rod 16 is a glass fiber rod, and has the characteristics of high rigidity, light weight, low linear expansion coefficient, and the like.

In this embodiment, in actual use, further, the lower telescopic bellows 23-1 and the upper telescopic bellows 23-2 are both metal telescopic bellows, can freely extend and retract along the longitudinal direction, and are sleeved outside the displacement transmission rod and the displacement sensor 18, so that the influence of the surrounding soil on the displacement transmission rod and the displacement sensor 18 can be reduced.

In this embodiment, in practical use, the displacement sensor 18 is an inductance frequency modulation type displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor in the device and the method for monitoring the layered settlement of the filled soil disclosed in the chinese patent application No. 201510655013.7, which is filed on the date of 2015, 10 months and 10 days, is adopted.

The method for monitoring the layered settlement of the soil body as shown in fig. 8 and 9 comprises the following steps:

step one, drilling an embedded hole:

step 101, drilling a soil body to be monitored by adopting a dry drilling method to form an embedding hole 19; wherein the aperture of the embedding hole 19 is 10 mm-20 mm smaller than the maximum expanding diameter d of the settlement monitoring mechanism;

102, sequentially arranging n settlement monitoring points along the inner side wall of the burying hole 19 from bottom to top; wherein n is a positive integer and is not less than 3, the vertical spacing between two adjacent settlement monitoring points is not less than 1m, the 1 st settlement monitoring point is positioned in the stable stratum 20, and the spacing between the nth settlement monitoring point and the top end of the embedding hole 19 is 1 m-2 m;

step two, temporary assembly of the ground settlement monitoring mechanism:

step 201, installing a hydraulic pipe joint 12 on the bottom cover 6, and installing a first connecting joint 12-1 on the hydraulic pipe joint 12 to obtain a 1 st anchoring mechanism; the hydraulic pipe joint 12 is an L-shaped joint, an L-shaped oil inlet channel is arranged in the hydraulic pipe joint 12, and the bottom cover 6 is not provided with a lower threaded joint 6-1;

step 202, installing a hydraulic pipe joint 12 on the bottom cover 6, connecting one end of the hydraulic pipe joint 12 with a first connecting joint 12-1, and connecting the other end of the hydraulic pipe joint 12 with a second connecting joint 12-2 to obtain a 2 nd anchoring mechanism to an nth anchoring mechanism; the hydraulic pipe joint 12 is a T-shaped joint, a T-shaped oil inlet channel is arranged in the hydraulic pipe joint 12, and the bottom cover 6 is provided with a lower threaded joint 6-1;

step 203, a steel wire rope 25 penetrates through the lifting rings 22 on the 1 st anchoring mechanism to the lifting rings 22 on the nth anchoring mechanism, and the steel wire rope 25 is fixedly connected with the lifting rings 22 through rope clamps;

step 204, installing a first hydraulic pipe between the lower ends of the hydraulic pipe joint 12 in the 1 st anchoring mechanism and the hydraulic pipe joint 12 in the 2 nd anchoring mechanism;

step 205, installing an ith hydraulic pipe between the upper end of the hydraulic pipe joint 12 in the ith anchoring mechanism and the lower end of the hydraulic pipe joint 12 in the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism; wherein i is a positive integer, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than n-1;

step 206, repeating the step 205 for multiple times until the installation of the (n-1) th hydraulic pipe between the upper end of the hydraulic pipe joint 12 in the (n-1) th anchoring mechanism and the lower end of the hydraulic pipe joint 12 in the n-1 th anchoring mechanism is completed; the system comprises a first hydraulic pipe, a second hydraulic pipe, a third hydraulic pipe, a fourth hydraulic pipe, a fifth hydraulic pipe, a sixth hydraulic pipe and a sixth hydraulic pipe, wherein the sixth hydraulic pipe are communicated in turn communicated in sequence;

step 207, installing a hydraulic connecting pipe 14-1 at the upper end of the hydraulic pipe joint 12 in the nth anchoring mechanism, and connecting the hydraulic connecting pipe 14-1 with the hydraulic pump 14;

step 208, operating the hydraulic pump 14 to work, wherein the hydraulic oil provided by the hydraulic pump 14 passes through the hydraulic connecting pipe 14-1, and the hydraulic oil output by the hydraulic connecting pipe 14-1 enters the ith anchoring mechanism through the ith hydraulic pipe;

step 209, in the 1 st to nth anchoring mechanisms, the piston 7 pushes one end of the support rod 2 extending into the sleeve 4 to move close to the compression spring resetting mechanism, the other end of the support rod 2 moves close to the sleeve 4, and the support rod 2 drives the three anchoring heads to contract;

step 20A, hoisting the steel wire rope 25 by using a crane, and ensuring that the vertical center lines of the 1 st anchoring mechanism and the ith anchoring mechanism are superposed with the vertical center line of the embedding hole 19; the length of the steel wire rope between two adjacent anchoring mechanisms is larger than the vertical distance between two adjacent settlement monitoring points;

step 3011, installing a first displacement transmission rod 16-1 in an upper thread installation groove 5-3 on a top cover 5 in the 1 st anchoring mechanism, and installing a lower telescopic bellows 23-1 on an upper thread joint 5-1 on the top cover 5 in the 1 st anchoring mechanism; the first displacement transmission rod 16-1 and the lower telescopic corrugated pipe 23-1 are coaxially arranged, and the first displacement transmission rod 16-1 is positioned in the lower telescopic corrugated pipe 23-1;

step 3012, installing a first full-thread screw rod 17-1 on the top of the first displacement transmission rod 16-1;

step 3013, install the first displacement sensor 18-1 in the lower whorl mounting groove 6-3 on the bottom cover 6 in the 2 nd anchor mechanism, and install the flexible corrugated pipe 23-2 on the lower whorl joint 6-1 on the bottom cover 6 in the 2 nd anchor mechanism; the first displacement sensor 18-1 is positioned inside the upper telescopic corrugated pipe 23-2, and the first displacement sensor 18-1 and the upper telescopic corrugated pipe 23-2 are coaxially arranged;

3014, connecting the upper end of the outer sleeve on the first displacement sensor 18-1 with the upper telescopic bellows 23-2, and connecting the lower end of the outer sleeve on the first displacement sensor 18-1 with the lower telescopic bellows 23-1;

3015, when the first displacement sensor 18-1 is adjusted to be in the maximum stretching range, the first full-thread screw rod 17-1 is screwed into the joint at the bottom of the first displacement sensor 18-1, and the length of the joint at the bottom of the first full-thread screw rod 17-1 is adjusted, so that the vertical distance between the central point of the 1 st anchoring mechanism and the central point of the 2 nd anchoring mechanism meets the vertical distance between the 1 st settlement monitoring point and the 2 nd settlement monitoring point;

step 3016, a hoisting machine is used to hoist the steel wire rope 25 downwards, the steel wire rope 25 is hoisted downwards to move the 1 st anchoring mechanism and the 2 nd anchoring mechanism to be lowered down along the embedding hole 19 until the top of the 2 nd anchoring mechanism is flush with the top of the embedding hole 19;

step 3021, installing an ith displacement transmission rod in an upper thread installation groove 5-3 of a top cover 5 in the ith anchoring mechanism, and installing a lower telescopic corrugated pipe on an upper thread joint 5-1 of the top cover 5 in the ith anchoring mechanism; the ith displacement transmission rod is coaxially arranged with the lower telescopic corrugated pipe and is positioned in the lower telescopic corrugated pipe;

step 3023, installing an ith displacement sensor in a lower thread installation groove 6-3 on the bottom cover 6 in the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism, and installing an upper telescopic corrugated pipe on a lower thread joint 6-1 on the bottom cover 6 in the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism; the ith displacement sensor is positioned inside the upper telescopic corrugated pipe, and the ith displacement sensor and the upper telescopic corrugated pipe are coaxially arranged;

step 3026, hoisting the steel wire rope 25 by using a crane, and moving the ith anchoring mechanism and the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism to be lowered down along the embedding hole 19 by hoisting the steel wire rope 25 by using a hoisting machine until the top of the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism is flush with the top of the embedding hole 19;

step 303, repeating step 302 for multiple times, completing the installation of the nth-1 displacement sensor until the lower hanging of the nth settlement monitoring mechanism is flush with the top of the embedding hole 19, and installing an nth displacement transmission rod in an upper thread installation groove 5-3 on the top cover 5 in the nth anchoring mechanism;

step 401, a hoisting machine is adopted to hoist the steel wire rope 25 downwards, the steel wire rope 25 is hoisted downwards to move each anchoring mechanism downwards along the embedding hole 19 until the central positions of the n settlement monitoring mechanisms along the height direction are respectively positioned at the same height with the n settlement monitoring points;

step 402, operating the hydraulic pump 14 to stop working, unloading hydraulic oil in the ith hydraulic pipe, extending compression springs 11 in n anchoring structures to push one end of a supporting rod 2 and a piston 7 to move in a reverse direction, moving the other end of the supporting rod 2 away from a sleeve 4, driving three anchoring heads to expand by the supporting rod 2, and anchoring each anchoring structure at n settlement monitoring points;

step five, backfilling the embedding hole:

backfilling the embedding hole 19 by using fine sand and bentonite;

step six, acquiring layered settlement monitoring data:

601, recording a soil layer between the ith settlement monitoring point and the (i + 1) th settlement monitoring point as an ith soil layer by the computer 32; wherein i is a positive integer, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than n;

In this embodiment, in step 602, the displacement data measured by the n-1 displacement sensors is collected to obtain the relative settlement of n-1 soil layers, and the specific process is as follows:

step 6021, arranging a monitoring box 21 at the top of the embedding hole 19, and arranging a data acquisition unit 30 and a wireless communication module 31 connected with the data acquisition unit 30 in the monitoring box 21;

step 6022, connecting the n-1 displacement sensors with the data acquisition unit 30 through the RS485 bus;

step 6023, the data collector 30 collects the displacement data tested by the n-1 displacement sensors according to the preset measuring time, obtains the displacement data tested by the n-1 displacement sensors at each measuring time, and records the displacement data tested by the ith displacement sensor at the jth measuring time as the relative settlement Delta S of the ith soil layer at the jth measuring time_i(j)。

Step 602 is followed by the following steps:

step 603, the data acquisition unit 30 calculates the relative settlement Delta S of the ith soil layer_i(j) Sent to the computer 32 through the wireless communication module 31, and the computer 32 is according to the formula

Obtaining the absolute settlement S of the ith soil layer relatively stable stratum 20 at the jth measurement time_i(j) (ii) a Wherein i 'is a positive integer, and i' is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to i;

step 604, recording the absolute settlement of the i-th soil layer relatively stable stratum 20 obtained from J measurement times as S_i(1)，...，S_i(j)，...，S_i(J) Drawing and fitting to obtain a settlement change curve of the ith soil layer by taking the measurement time as an abscissa and the absolute settlement of the ith soil layer relative to the stable stratum 20 as an ordinate, and obtaining the settlement change rate of the ith soil layer; wherein the measuring time is 10 to 30 days; wherein J is a positive integer, J is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to J, and S_i(1) Represents the absolute settlement of the i-th soil layer relative stable ground layer 20 at the 1 st measurement time, S_i(J) Represents the absolute settlement of the ith soil layer relative stable formation 20 at the jth measurement time;

and 605, repeating the 603 and 604 for multiple times to obtain the sedimentation change rates of n-1 soil layers, and acquiring the soil layer corresponding to the maximum sedimentation change rate.

In this embodiment, in the fifth step, the burying hole 19 is backfilled with fine sand and bentonite, and the concrete process is as follows:

step 501, pouring fine sand into the embedding hole 19 from the top of the embedding hole 19, and backfilling the embedding hole 19 to form a first backfilling layer; wherein the distance between the top of the first backfill layer and the top of the embedding hole 19 is 1-2 m;

step 502, pouring bentonite into the embedding hole 19 from the top of the embedding hole 19, and backfilling the embedding hole 19 to form a second backfill layer until the top of the second backfill layer is flush with the top of the embedding hole 19;

in step 3011, a first bellows interface 22-1 is provided at the lower end of the lower bellows 23-1, the first bellows interface 22-1 is connected to the upper threaded joint 5-1, a second bellows interface 22-2 is provided at the upper end of the lower bellows 23-1, the second bellows interface 22-2 is connected to the lower end of the outer sleeve on the displacement sensor, a third bellows interface 22-3 is provided at the lower end of the upper bellows 23-2, a fourth bellows interface 22-4 is provided at the upper end of the upper bellows 23-2, the third bellows interface 22-3 is connected to the upper end of the outer sleeve on the displacement sensor, and the fourth bellows interface 22-4 is connected to the lower threaded joint 6-1 by a thread.

In this embodiment, in actual use, the data collector 30 may adopt a single chip, a DSP microcontroller or an ARM microcontroller.

In this embodiment, in practical use, the wireless communication module 31 may adopt an ethernet communication module.

In the embodiment, the fine sand refers to particles with a particle size of more than 0.075mm, and in practical use, dry fine sand is further adopted to facilitate uniform filling and smashing.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a soil body layering settlement monitoring devices which characterized in that: the system comprises a plurality of settlement monitoring mechanisms distributed along the height direction of a buried hole (19), the structures of the settlement monitoring mechanisms are the same, and two adjacent settlement monitoring mechanisms are detachably connected;

the settlement monitoring mechanism comprises two anchoring mechanisms, a displacement sensor (18) arranged between the two anchoring mechanisms and a displacement transmission rod (16) arranged at the bottom of the displacement sensor (18), the settlement monitoring mechanism positioned at the bottommost part in the embedding hole (19) is marked as a bottom settlement monitoring mechanism, and the anchoring mechanism at the bottom end in the bottom settlement monitoring mechanism is positioned in a stable stratum;

the anchoring mechanism comprises a sleeve (4), a piston (7) arranged in the sleeve (4), a compression spring resetting mechanism which is arranged in the sleeve (4) and pushes the piston (7) to reset, and an anchoring part arranged on the sleeve (4), wherein the end part of the anchoring part extending into the sleeve (4) is positioned between the piston (7) and the compression spring resetting mechanism;

the lower extreme of sleeve (4) is provided with sealed lid (10) and bottom (6), sealed lid (10) are located bottom (6), bottom (6) with the connection can be dismantled to the lower extreme of sleeve (4), the upper end of sleeve (4) is provided with top cap (5), the connection can be dismantled to the upper end of top cap (5) and sleeve (4), be provided with the hydraulic pressure pipe part that provides hydraulic oil for piston (7) on bottom (6), bury hole (19) top and be provided with hydraulic pump (14) outward underground, hydraulic pump (14) with the hydraulic pressure pipe part is connected.

2. A soil layered settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom cover (6) is internally provided with a mounting cavity (6-2), a through hole (10-1) is formed in the center of the sealing cover (10), the hydraulic pipe part comprises a hydraulic pipe joint (12) extending into the mounting cavity (6-2), a first connecting joint (12-1) connected with one end of the hydraulic pipe joint (12) and a second connecting joint (12-2) connected with the other end of the hydraulic pipe joint (12), hydraulic pipes (13) are arranged on the first connecting joint (12-1) and the second connecting joint (12-2), the hydraulic pipe joint (12) is a T-shaped joint, a T-shaped oil inlet channel (12-3) is arranged in the hydraulic pipe joint (12), a first oil inlet channel is arranged in the first connecting joint (12-1), and a second oil inlet channel is arranged in the second connecting joint (12-2), the first oil inlet channel, the T-shaped oil inlet channel (12-3) and the second oil inlet channel are sequentially communicated, and the T-shaped oil inlet channel (12-3), the mounting cavity (6-2) and the through hole (10-1) are sequentially communicated.

3. A soil layered settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of first sealing rings (8) are arranged between the outer side wall of the piston (7) and the inner side wall of the sleeve (4), and a second sealing ring is arranged between the outer side wall of the sealing cover (10) and the inner side wall of the sleeve (4);

a lower threaded joint (6-1) is arranged at the bottom of the bottom cover (6) far away from the sleeve (4), and an upper threaded joint (5-1) is arranged at the top of the top cover (5) far away from the sleeve (4);

and a hanging ring (22) is arranged on the outer side wall of the sleeve (4).

4. A soil layered settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: the anchoring part comprises a supporting seat (3) sleeved on the sleeve (4) and three anchoring heads uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the supporting seat (3), the supporting seat (3) is detachably connected with the sleeve (4), and the supporting seat (3) comprises a sleeve ring part and three connecting seats uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the sleeve ring part;

the structure of anchor head is all the same, and is three the anchor head all include with bracing piece (2) that the connecting seat is connected and install anchor board (1) on bracing piece (2), bracing piece (2) with the one end that the connecting seat is connected stretches into in sleeve (4), the one end that bracing piece (2) stretched into in sleeve (4) is located piston (7) with between the compression spring canceling release mechanical system.

5. A soil layered settlement monitoring device according to claim 4, wherein: the connecting seats comprise two lug plates (3-1-1) which are arranged in parallel, a gap for mounting one end of the supporting rod (2) is arranged between the two lug plates (3-1-1), and an arc-shaped connecting plate (3-5) is arranged between every two adjacent connecting seats;

the supporting seat (3) comprises a first collar portion (3-7) and a second collar portion (3-4) integrally formed with the first collar portion (3-7), the inner diameters of the first collar portion (3-7) and the second collar portion (3-4) are the same, the outer diameter of the second collar portion (3-4) is smaller than the outer diameter of the first collar portion (3-7), the inner diameter surrounded by a plurality of arc-shaped connecting plates (3-5) is larger than the inner diameter of the first collar portion (3-7), and the outer diameter surrounded by a plurality of arc-shaped connecting plates (3-5) is smaller than the outer diameter of the first collar portion (3-7).

6. A soil layered settlement monitoring device according to claim 4, wherein: the bracing piece (2) includes integrated into one piece's first supporting part (2-1), second supporting part (2-2) and third supporting part (2-3), contained angle between first supporting part (2-1) and second supporting part (2-2) is the obtuse angle, the tip that second supporting part (2-2) were kept away from in first supporting part (2-1) is the arc, the tip that second supporting part (2-2) were kept away from in third supporting part (2-3) is provided with connection otic placode (2-4) that two symmetries were laid, the width of first supporting part (2-1) and second supporting part (2-2) is less than the width of third supporting part (2-3), two connect otic placode (2-4) and anchor plate (1) and connect.

7. A soil layered settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: compression spring reset mechanism is including setting up dabber (9) in sleeve (4) and cover compression spring (11) of establishing on dabber (9), dabber (9) include first shaft segment (9-1) and with first shaft segment (9-1) integrated into one piece second shaft segment (9-2), the length of second shaft segment (9-2) is greater than the length of first shaft segment (9-1), the external diameter of first shaft segment (9-1) is greater than the external diameter of second shaft segment (9-2), the lateral wall of first shaft segment (9-1) and the inside wall laminating of sleeve (4), compression spring (11) suit is on second shaft segment (9-2), be provided with recess (5-2) that supply dabber (9) to stretch into in top cap (5), be provided with between the bottom of recess (5-2) and the tip that dabber (9) stretched into recess (5-2) One end of the compression spring (11) abuts against the first shaft section (9-1), and the other end of the compression spring (11) abuts against the top cover (5).

8. A method of monitoring the stratified settlement of a body of earth using the apparatus of claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:

step one, drilling an embedded hole:

step 101, drilling a soil body to be monitored by adopting a dry drilling method to form a buried hole (19);

102, sequentially arranging n settlement monitoring points along the inner side wall of the burying hole (19) from bottom to top; wherein n is a positive integer and is more than or equal to 3, and the 1 st settlement monitoring point is positioned in the stable stratum (20);

step two, temporary assembly of the ground settlement monitoring mechanism:

step 201, installing a hydraulic pipe joint (12) on a bottom cover (6), and installing a first connecting joint (12-1) on the hydraulic pipe joint (12) to obtain a 1 st anchoring mechanism; the hydraulic pipe joint (12) is an L-shaped joint, an L-shaped oil inlet channel is arranged in the hydraulic pipe joint (12), and the bottom cover (6) is not provided with a lower threaded joint (6-1);

step 202, installing a hydraulic pipe joint (12) on the bottom cover (6), connecting a first connecting joint (12-1) at one end of the hydraulic pipe joint (12), and connecting a second connecting joint (12-2) at the other end of the hydraulic pipe joint (12) to obtain a 2 nd anchoring mechanism to an nth anchoring mechanism; the hydraulic pipe joint (12) is a T-shaped joint, a T-shaped oil inlet channel is arranged in the hydraulic pipe joint (12), and a lower threaded joint (6-1) is arranged on the bottom cover (6);

203, penetrating a steel wire rope (25) into the lifting rings (22) on the 1 st anchoring mechanism to the lifting rings (22) on the nth anchoring mechanism, and fixedly connecting the steel wire rope (25) with the lifting rings (22) through rope clamps;

step 204, installing a first hydraulic pipe between the lower end of the hydraulic pipe joint (12) in the 1 st anchoring mechanism and the lower end of the hydraulic pipe joint (12) in the 2 nd anchoring mechanism;

step 205, installing an ith hydraulic pipe between the upper end of the hydraulic pipe joint (12) in the ith anchoring mechanism and the lower end of the hydraulic pipe joint (12) in the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism; wherein i is a positive integer, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than n-1;

step 206, repeating the step 205 for multiple times until the installation of the (n-1) th hydraulic pipe between the upper end of the hydraulic pipe joint (12) in the (n-1) th anchoring mechanism and the lower end of the hydraulic pipe joint (12) in the n-1 th anchoring mechanism is completed; the system comprises a first hydraulic pipe, a second hydraulic pipe, a third hydraulic pipe, a fourth hydraulic pipe, a fifth hydraulic pipe, a sixth hydraulic pipe and a sixth hydraulic pipe, wherein the sixth hydraulic pipe are communicated in turn communicated in sequence;

step 207, installing a hydraulic connecting pipe (14-1) at the upper end of the hydraulic pipe joint (12) in the nth anchoring mechanism, and connecting the hydraulic connecting pipe (14-1) with the hydraulic pump (14);

step 208, operating the hydraulic pump (14) to work, wherein hydraulic oil provided by the hydraulic pump (14) passes through the hydraulic connecting pipe (14-1), and hydraulic oil output by the hydraulic connecting pipe (14-1) enters an ith anchoring mechanism through an ith hydraulic pipe;

step 209, in the 1 st anchoring mechanism to the nth anchoring mechanism, the piston (7) pushes one end of the supporting rod (2) extending into the sleeve (4) to move close to the compression spring resetting mechanism, the other end of the supporting rod (2) moves close to the sleeve (4), and the supporting rod (2) drives the three anchoring heads to contract;

step 20A, hoisting a steel wire rope (25) by using a crane, and ensuring that the vertical center lines of the 1 st anchoring mechanism and the ith anchoring mechanism are superposed with the vertical center line of the embedding hole (19);

step 3011, installing a first displacement transmission rod (16-1) in an upper thread installation groove (5-3) on a top cover (5) in the 1 st anchoring mechanism, and installing a lower telescopic corrugated pipe (23-1) on an upper thread joint (5-1) on the top cover (5) in the 1 st anchoring mechanism; the first displacement transmission rod (16-1) and the lower telescopic corrugated pipe (23-1) are coaxially arranged, and the first displacement transmission rod (16-1) is positioned inside the lower telescopic corrugated pipe (23-1);

step 3012, installing a first full-thread screw rod (17-1) on the top of the first displacement transmission rod (16-1);

step 3013, installing a first displacement sensor (18-1) in a lower thread installation groove (6-3) on the bottom cover (6) in the 2 nd anchoring mechanism, and installing an upper telescopic corrugated pipe (23-2) on a lower thread joint (6-1) on the bottom cover (6) in the 2 nd anchoring mechanism; the first displacement sensor (18-1) is positioned in the upper telescopic corrugated pipe (23-2), and the first displacement sensor (18-1) and the upper telescopic corrugated pipe (23-2) are coaxially arranged;

3014, connecting the upper end of the outer sleeve on the first displacement sensor (18-1) with the upper telescopic corrugated pipe (23-2), and connecting the lower end of the outer sleeve on the first displacement sensor (18-1) with the lower telescopic corrugated pipe (23-1);

3015, when the first displacement sensor (18-1) is adjusted to be in the maximum stretching range, the first full-thread screw rod (17-1) is screwed into a joint at the bottom of the first displacement sensor (18-1), and the length of the first full-thread screw rod (17-1) screwed into the joint at the bottom of the first displacement sensor (18-1) is adjusted, so that the vertical distance between the central point of the 1 st anchoring mechanism and the central point of the 2 nd anchoring mechanism meets the vertical distance between the 1 st settlement monitoring point and the 2 nd settlement monitoring point;

step 3016, a hoisting machine is used for hoisting the steel wire rope (25) downwards, the steel wire rope (25) is hoisted to move the 1 st anchoring mechanism and the 2 nd anchoring mechanism to be lowered down along the embedding hole (19) until the top of the 2 nd anchoring mechanism is flush with the top of the embedding hole (19);

step 3021, installing an ith displacement transmission rod in an upper thread installation groove (5-3) on a top cover (5) in the ith anchoring mechanism, and installing a lower telescopic corrugated pipe on an upper thread joint (5-1) on the top cover (5) in the ith anchoring mechanism; the ith displacement transmission rod is coaxially arranged with the lower telescopic corrugated pipe and is positioned in the lower telescopic corrugated pipe;

step 3023, installing an ith displacement sensor in a lower thread installation groove (6-3) on the bottom cover (6) in the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism, and installing a telescopic corrugated pipe on a lower thread joint (6-1) on the bottom cover (6) in the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism; the ith displacement sensor is positioned inside the upper telescopic corrugated pipe, and the ith displacement sensor and the upper telescopic corrugated pipe are coaxially arranged;

step 3026, a hoisting machine is adopted to hoist the steel wire rope (25) downwards, the steel wire rope (25) is hoisted to move the ith anchoring mechanism and the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism downwards along the embedding hole (19) until the top of the (i + 1) th anchoring mechanism is flush with the top of the embedding hole (19);

step 303, repeating step 302 for multiple times, completing the installation of the nth-1 displacement sensor until the lower hanging of the nth settlement monitoring mechanism is flush with the top of the embedding hole (19), and installing an nth displacement transmission rod in an upper thread installation groove (5-3) on a top cover (5) in the nth anchoring mechanism;

step 401, a hoisting machine is adopted to hoist the steel wire rope (25) downwards, the steel wire rope (25) is hoisted to move each anchoring mechanism downwards along the embedding hole (19) until the central positions of the n settlement monitoring mechanisms along the height direction are respectively positioned at the same height as the n settlement monitoring points;

step 402, operating a hydraulic pump (14) to stop working, unloading hydraulic oil in an ith hydraulic pipe, extending compression springs (11) in n anchoring structures to push one end of a supporting rod (2) and a piston (7) to move in a reverse direction, moving the other end of the supporting rod (2) away from a sleeve (4), driving three anchoring heads to expand by the supporting rod (2), and anchoring each anchoring structure at n settlement monitoring points;

step five, backfilling the embedding hole:

backfilling the embedding hole (19) by adopting fine sand and bentonite;

step six, acquiring layered settlement monitoring data:

601, recording a soil layer between the ith settlement monitoring point and the (i + 1) th settlement monitoring point as an ith soil layer by the computer (32); wherein i is a positive integer, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than n-1;

9. The method of claim 8, wherein: in step 602, the displacement data tested by the n-1 displacement sensors are collected to obtain the relative settlement of n-1 soil layers, and the specific process is as follows:

step 6021, arranging a monitoring box (21) at the top of the embedding hole (19), and arranging a data collector (30) and a wireless communication module (31) connected with the data collector (30) in the monitoring box (21);

step 6022, connecting the n-1 displacement sensors with a data acquisition unit (30) through an RS485 bus;

step 6023, the data acquisition unit (30) acquires the displacement data tested by the n-1 displacement sensors according to the preset measuring time, obtains the displacement data tested by the n-1 displacement sensors at each measuring time, and records the displacement data tested by the ith displacement sensor at the jth measuring time as the relative settlement Delta S of the ith soil layer at the jth measuring time_i(j) (ii) a Wherein j is a positive integer;

step 602 is followed by the following steps:

step 603, the data acquisition unit (30) enables the relative settlement delta S of the ith soil layer_i(j) Sent to the computer (32) through the wireless communication module (31), and the computer (32) is according to the formula

Obtaining the absolute settlement S of the ith soil layer relative stable stratum (20) at the jth measurement time_i(j) (ii) a Wherein i 'is a positive integer, and i' is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to i;

step 604, recording the absolute settlement amount of the i-th soil layer relative stable stratum (20) obtained in J measurement times as S_i(1)，...，S_i(j)，...，S_i(J) Drawing and fitting to obtain a settlement change curve of the ith soil layer by taking the measurement time as an abscissa and taking the absolute settlement of the relatively stable stratum of the ith soil layer as an ordinate, and acquiring the settlement change rate of the ith soil layer; wherein J is a positive integerJ is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to J;

10. The method of claim 8, wherein: and step five, adopting fine sand and bentonite to backfill the embedding hole (19), wherein the concrete process is as follows:

step 501, pouring fine sand into the embedding hole (19) from the top of the embedding hole (19), and backfilling the embedding hole (19) to form a first backfilling layer; wherein the distance between the top of the first backfill layer and the top of the embedding hole (19) is 1-2 m;

502, pouring bentonite into the embedding hole (19) from the top of the embedding hole (19), and backfilling the embedding hole (19) to form a second backfill layer until the top of the second backfill layer is flush with the top of the embedding hole (19);

in step 3011, the lower end of the lower telescopic corrugated pipe (23-1) is provided with a first corrugated pipe interface (22-1), the first corrugated pipe interface (22-1) is connected with the upper threaded joint (5-1), the upper end of the lower telescopic corrugated pipe (23-1) is provided with a second corrugated pipe interface (22-2), the second corrugated pipe interface (22-2) is connected with the lower end of an outer sleeve on the displacement sensor, the lower end of the upper telescopic corrugated pipe (23-2) is provided with a third corrugated pipe interface (22-3), the upper end of the upper telescopic corrugated pipe (23-2) is provided with a fourth corrugated pipe interface (22-4), the third corrugated pipe interface (22-3) is connected with the upper end of an outer sleeve on the displacement sensor, and the fourth corrugated pipe interface (22-4) is in threaded connection with the lower threaded joint (6-1).