CN112410782A - Heat treatment method for laser cladding coating material - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for laser cladding coating material Download PDFInfo
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- CN112410782A CN112410782A CN202011293346.7A CN202011293346A CN112410782A CN 112410782 A CN112410782 A CN 112410782A CN 202011293346 A CN202011293346 A CN 202011293346A CN 112410782 A CN112410782 A CN 112410782A
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- laser cladding
- heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment method of a laser cladding coating material, which comprises the following steps: (1) coating FeCrMnCo1.5Ni high-entropy alloy powder obtained by a gas atomization method on the surface of the pretreated matrix alloy, and cutting the coated alloy material into cuboid blocks by using a wire-cut electrical discharge machine; (2) degreasing and rust-proof treatment are carried out on the laser cladding material, and drying is carried out; (3) placing a laser cladding alloy cuboid block sample which is cut in advance into a box type furnace, and slowly heating to an annealing temperature; (4) keeping the sample at the annealing temperature for 2-2.5 hours; (5) slowly cooling for 3-4 hours along with furnace cooling; (6) the sample was taken out and air-cooled. Compared with the prior art, the annealing heat treatment process for improving the wear resistance of the laser cladding surface strengthening layer provided by the invention has the advantages of simple method, convenience in operation, reduction in heat treatment time, fine and uniform crystal grains of the obtained surface strengthening layer, compact tissue structure, good high-temperature stability and high wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat treatment technical method of a coating material, in particular to a heat treatment method of a laser cladding coating material, belonging to the field of metal heat treatment.
Background
The laser cladding process has the characteristics of rapid heating and cooling, the alloy coating prepared by the technology has good metallurgical bonding property with a substrate, the compactness is high, the bonding force is larger, the surface performance of the substrate can be effectively improved, and relatively few researches on preparing the high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of the traditional alloy material by using the laser cladding technology are carried out.
When the coating is prepared by laser cladding with a powder pre-setting method, the matrix has a great dilution effect on the coating, and the change of the components of the high-entropy alloy can be caused. The heat treatment refers to a metal hot working process for changing the chemical compositions and structures on the surface and in the material by heating, heat preservation and cooling the metal material in a solid state so as to obtain the required performance. Annealing is the most common hot working process of metals, and refers to a process in which a metal is slowly heated to a certain temperature and held for a sufficient time, and then slowly cooled at a suitable cooling rate. The main functions of the method are to reduce the hardness of the material, eliminate the residual stress in the material, stabilize the size of the component, reduce the deformation and crack tendency, refine the grain size, improve the structure and achieve the purpose of eliminating the structure defect.
Laser cladding is a new technology in the technical field of surface engineering, has the advantages of metallurgical bonding of interfaces, extremely fine structure, controllable thickness, small thermal distortion and the like, and is a more active research field. It is very important how to eliminate the tensile stress generated by the substrate and the preset layer in the rapid heating and cooling and melting and solidifying processes in the laser cladding process through a heat treatment process, improve the structure of the alloy, optimize the mechanical property of the alloy and reduce the crack sensitivity of the alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a heat treatment method for laser cladding coating materials so as to achieve the purposes of improving the mechanical property of the coating materials and reducing the crack sensitivity of the coating.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a heat treatment method for laser cladding coating materials comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of cladding FeCrMnCo1.5Ni high-entropy alloy powder obtained by a gas atomization method on the surface of a pretreated matrix alloy to form a surface strengthening layer, wherein the content and the proportion of each component element in the surface strengthening layer are as follows: the alloy material is cut into cuboid blocks by a wire-cut electric discharge machine, wherein the alloy material comprises 28.50% of Co28, 16.73% of Cr, 18.03% of FeFe, 18.99% of Ni and 17.75% of MnFeCrMnCo1.5Ni high-entropy alloy powder, and the average particle size of the FeCrMnCo1.5Ni high-entropy alloy powder is 55-105 mu m;
(2) carrying out deoiling and rust preventing treatment on the laser cladding material by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine and using acetone, and drying the laser cladding material by using a vacuum drying oven;
(3) placing a laser cladding alloy cuboid block sample which is cut in advance into a box type furnace, and slowly heating at the speed of 8-10 ℃/min until the annealing temperature is 850 +/-5 ℃;
(4) maintaining the atmosphere pressure in the furnace, and keeping the sample at the annealing temperature for 2-2.5 hours;
(5) continuously maintaining the pressure in the furnace, and slowly cooling the pattern for 3-4 hours along with furnace cooling;
(6) after furnace cooling, the sample was taken out for air cooling.
Preferably, the drying temperature in the step (2) is 60-80 ℃ and the time is 4-5 hours.
Preferably, the time for raising the temperature to the annealing temperature in the step (3) is controlled within 1.5-2 hours.
Preferably, in steps (4) and (5), inert gas is introduced into the furnace to ensure the pressure of the atmosphere in the furnace.
Compared with the prior art, the annealing heat treatment process for improving the wear resistance of the laser cladding surface strengthening layer provided by the invention has the advantages of simple method, convenience in operation, reduction in heat treatment time, fine and uniform crystal grains of the obtained surface strengthening layer, compact tissue structure, good high-temperature stability and high wear resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an alloy having a surface strengthening layer made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional microstructure distribution diagram of the alloy surface strengthening layer before and after heat treatment;
FIG. 3 is a friction coefficient chart of the alloy surface strengthening layer before and after heat treatment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A heat treatment method for laser cladding coating materials comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of cladding FeCrMnCo1.5Ni high-entropy alloy powder obtained by a gas atomization method on the surface of a pretreated matrix alloy to form a surface strengthening layer, wherein the content and the proportion of each component element in the surface strengthening layer are as follows: the alloy material which is clad is cut into cuboid blocks by a wire-cut electric discharge machine, wherein the alloy material comprises 28.50% of Co28, 16.73% of Cr, 18.03% of FeFe, 18.99% of Ni and 17.75% of MnFeCrMnCo1.5Ni high-entropy alloy powder, and the average particle size of the FeCrMnCo1.5Ni high-entropy alloy powder is 55-105 mu m.
(2) The laser cladding material is subjected to deoiling and rust prevention treatment by using an ultrasonic cleaner and is dried by using a vacuum drying oven, the most preferable scheme is that the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, the drying time is 4-5 hours, so that the coating material is completely dried, oxygen, hydrogen, water vapor and the like are completely removed, and the quality of the coating material is directly influenced by the existence of the gases.
(3) Placing a laser cladding alloy cuboid block sample which is cut in advance into a box type furnace, slowly heating at the speed of 8-10 ℃/min until the annealing temperature is 850 +/-5 ℃, controlling the time of heating to the annealing temperature within 1.5-2 h, ensuring that the coating material is uniformly heated and completely heated, ensuring that the whole material is heated to about 850 ℃ by enough heating time, having too high heating speed, increasing the tendency of deformation and cracking of a cladding layer, having insufficient heat preservation time and insufficient tissue transformation.
(4) Maintaining the atmosphere pressure in the furnace, and keeping the sample at the annealing temperature for 2-2.5 hours;
(5) and continuously maintaining the pressure in the furnace, slowly cooling the pattern for 3-4 hours along with furnace cooling, and preferably introducing inert gas into the furnace to maintain the components clean, so as to avoid impurity gases generated by spontaneous reactions of water vapor or oxygen, hydrogen and the like, and ensure the quality of the coating material and the safety of the annealing furnace. (ii) a
(6) After the furnace cooling, the sample was taken out and air-cooled to produce a base material having a surface strengthened layer of the coating material on the surface thereof, as shown in FIG. 1.
The microstructure distribution diagram of the cross section of the cladding layer (surface strengthening layer) prepared in example 1 before and after heat treatment is shown in fig. 2, it can be seen from fig. 2 (a) that the solidification structure of the cladding state of the coating is a typical dendrite and interdendritic structure morphology, and the coating still maintains the FCC phase structure after being annealed at 850 ℃ for 2h according to the analysis result of XRD, and the interdendritic structure of the coating becomes dense and fine. This is because the alloy has a high mixing entropy (13.25 kJ/mol), and at a high temperature, the high mixing entropy accelerates the diffusion of the alloy elements, and actually, the alloy elements gradually tend to be homogenized, so that the alloy coating morphology after cladding and annealing changes. Obvious cracks and pores are not seen in the macroscopic metallographic morphology picture, which indicates that the compatibility between the surface strengthening layer and the matrix is better.
The samples of the cladding layer prepared in example 1 before and after the heat treatment were each used for a frictional wear test, as shown in fig. 3. Wherein the test parameters are as follows: the test force is 10N, the reciprocating frequency is 5 Hz, the test time is 60 min, and the temperature is set to be room temperature. The abrasion loss of the heat-treated surface reinforcing layer in example 1 was 10.16 mg, the friction coefficient of the annealed coating was 0.7957, and fig. 3 shows the relationship between the abrasion time and the friction coefficient, which tends to be stable with the change in abrasion time. The wear width of the annealed specimens was wider than that of the specimens before annealing, and the wear traces of the annealed specimens were relatively rough and the scratches were heavier. The surface strengthening layer obtained after laser cladding shows better wear resistance, the wear resistance is slightly reduced after heat treatment, and the surface strengthening layer shows better high-temperature softening resistance integrally.
Through annealing heat treatment, the surface strength of the coating material is successfully optimized, the residual stress in the material is eliminated, the size of the part is stabilized, the deformation and crack tendency is reduced, the grain size is refined, the structure is improved, and the purpose of eliminating the structure defect is achieved.
Claims (4)
1. A heat treatment method for laser cladding coating material is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) FeCrMnCo obtained by gas atomization method1.5The Ni high-entropy alloy powder is coated on the surface of the pretreated matrix alloy in a melting way to form a surface strengthening layer, and the content and the proportion of each component element in the surface strengthening layer are as follows: contains Co28.50%, Cr 16.73%, Fe18.03%, Ni18.99%, Mn17.75%, and FeCrMnCo1.5The average particle size of the Ni high-entropy alloy powder is 55-105 mu m, and the clad alloy material is cut into cuboid blocks by a wire-cut electric discharge machine;
(2) carrying out deoiling and rust preventing treatment on the laser cladding material by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine and using acetone, and drying the laser cladding material by using a vacuum drying oven;
(3) placing a laser cladding alloy cuboid block sample which is cut in advance into a box type furnace, and slowly heating at the speed of 8-10 ℃/min until the annealing temperature is 850 +/-5 ℃;
(4) maintaining the atmosphere pressure in the furnace, and keeping the sample at the annealing temperature for 2-2.5 hours;
(5) continuously maintaining the pressure in the furnace, and slowly cooling the pattern for 3-4 hours along with furnace cooling;
(6) after furnace cooling, the sample was taken out for air cooling.
2. The heat treatment method for laser cladding coating material according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in step (2) is 60-80 ℃ for 4-5 hours.
3. The heat treatment method of the laser cladding coating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) controlling the time for heating to the annealing temperature in the step (3) within 1.5-2 hours.
4. The heat treatment method of the laser cladding coating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) in the step (5), introducing inert gas into the furnace to ensure the pressure of the atmosphere in the furnace.
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| CN202011293346.7A CN112410782A (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Heat treatment method for laser cladding coating material |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114774751A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-07-22 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | Laser cladding high-red-hardness powder and hot stamping die cladding method |
| CN114875410A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-09 | 焦作市广成液压机械制造有限公司 | Laser cladding product defect repairing method |
| CN116586635A (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-08-15 | 成都科宁达科技有限公司 | Method for improving bonding performance of TC4 titanium alloy gold porcelain through selective laser cladding |
Citations (2)
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| CN103290404A (en) * | 2013-05-06 | 2013-09-11 | 浙江工业大学 | Laser-cladding high-entropy alloy powder and preparation method of high-entropy alloy coating |
| CN111188034A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-22 | 上海交通大学 | Preparation method of corrosion-resistant medium-entropy alloy laser cladding coating with good low-temperature performance |
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2020
- 2020-11-18 CN CN202011293346.7A patent/CN112410782A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103290404A (en) * | 2013-05-06 | 2013-09-11 | 浙江工业大学 | Laser-cladding high-entropy alloy powder and preparation method of high-entropy alloy coating |
| CN111188034A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-22 | 上海交通大学 | Preparation method of corrosion-resistant medium-entropy alloy laser cladding coating with good low-temperature performance |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 翁子清等: ""退火对激光熔覆制备FeCrNiCoMn高熵合金涂层组织与性能的影响"", 《电加工与模具》 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114774751A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-07-22 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | Laser cladding high-red-hardness powder and hot stamping die cladding method |
| CN114875410A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-09 | 焦作市广成液压机械制造有限公司 | Laser cladding product defect repairing method |
| CN114875410B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-11-28 | 焦作市广成液压机械制造有限公司 | Defect repairing method for laser cladding product |
| CN116586635A (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-08-15 | 成都科宁达科技有限公司 | Method for improving bonding performance of TC4 titanium alloy gold porcelain through selective laser cladding |
| CN116586635B (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2024-01-19 | 成都科宁达科技有限公司 | Method for improving bonding performance of TC4 titanium alloy gold porcelain through selective laser cladding |
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Inventor after: Zhang Lijun Inventor after: Ren Lihong Inventor after: Wen Tieli Inventor after: Wang Qun Inventor after: Ma Lan Inventor after: Shi Xiumei Inventor after: Kang Jingjie Inventor after: Sun Yuandong Inventor after: Wang Ruolan Inventor after: Li Yan Inventor after: Li Shengjie Inventor before: Zhang Lichun Inventor before: Ren Lihong Inventor before: Wen Tieli Inventor before: Wang Qun Inventor before: Ma Lan Inventor before: Shi Xiumei Inventor before: Kang Jingjie Inventor before: Sun Yuandong Inventor before: Wang Ruolan Inventor before: Li Yan Inventor before: Li Shengjie |