CN112404917B - Precise manufacturing method of stainless steel thin-wall evaporator shell with fine internal threads - Google Patents
Precise manufacturing method of stainless steel thin-wall evaporator shell with fine internal threads Download PDFInfo
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- CN112404917B CN112404917B CN202011092820.XA CN202011092820A CN112404917B CN 112404917 B CN112404917 B CN 112404917B CN 202011092820 A CN202011092820 A CN 202011092820A CN 112404917 B CN112404917 B CN 112404917B
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- thin
- inner hole
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- shell part
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/26—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass heat exchangers or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
Abstract
The invention provides a precise manufacturing method of a stainless steel thin-wall shell with a fine internal thread, which comprises the following steps: a process allowance of 0.8-1.2 mm is reserved from the excircle to the unilateral edge of the excircle of the thin-wall shell part; processing an inner hole of the thin-wall shell part, and reserving a process allowance of 0.4-0.6 mm to the single side of the inner hole; boring an inner hole of the thin-wall shell part until a single edge of the inner hole is reserved with 0.1-0.2 mm of process allowance; a double-top turning method is adopted to process a process margin of 0.4-0.6 mm from the excircle to the single edge of the excircle of the thin-wall shell part; processing the inner hole of the thin-wall shell part to the required size of the part by using a reamer; processing the internal thread of the thin-wall shell part by adopting a thread cutter with a triangular-tooth-shaped turning tool blade; and after the internal thread is machined, machining the outer circle of the part in a double-top turning mode at two ends of the thin-wall shell part. The invention solves the problem of thermal deformation in conventional processing by adopting a method of repeatedly mutually referencing inside and outside, finely boring a reference bottom hole for multiple times, and cutting and forming a single edge of an internal thread.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precision mechanical cutting processing, and particularly relates to a precision manufacturing method of a stainless steel thin-wall shell with a micro internal thread in a thermal control key single machine.
Background
The loop heat pipe is a novel heat transfer tool which drives two-phase fluid circulation by means of capillary force of a vapor-liquid interface during vaporization of a working medium, and is mainly used for heat control of a high-power effective load of a spacecraft. The evaporator is a core unit for absorbing heat through evaporation and providing a circulating driving force for a loop, and is formed by assembling an evaporator shell and a nickel powder capillary core through precise interference, a steam channel is formed between the evaporator shell and the nickel powder capillary core, a liquid guide pipe is assembled in a central hole of the capillary core and used for supplementing a liquid working medium from a liquid reservoir into the capillary core, and the structure of the evaporator is shown in figure 1.
In order to ensure the heat control function and the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator, the evaporator shell is designed into a shell structure with a thin wall with a fine thread in an inner hole and a large length-diameter ratio, the depth of the fine inner thread is 0.1-0.3 mm, the width of the thread is 0.2-0.4 mm, the pitch is 0.3-0.7 mm, the wall thickness is 0.8-1.5 mm, and the length-diameter ratio is 10-15. As shown in the evaporator shell of figure 2, the depth of the fine internal thread is 0.12mm, the width of the thread is 0.2mm, the thread pitch is 0.5mm, the wall thickness is 1mm, and the length-diameter ratio reaches 10.
At present, the tapping method is mainly adopted for processing the internal thread of the slender shaft part with the length-diameter ratio of more than 5, for the stainless steel shell part with the length-diameter ratio of 10 and a thin-wall structure, the defects of part deformation, internal thread tooth form damage and the like are easily caused by a conventional processing method, the heat control function and the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator shell are finally influenced by the slight internal thread tooth form damage, the contact and bonding area of the evaporator shell and the capillary core is influenced by the part deformation, and the heat control function is also influenced. Therefore, aiming at the evaporator shell parts with thermal control requirements and precision assembly requirements, the requirements are difficult to meet by simply adopting the conventional machining method.
In order to meet the heat exchange requirement of the evaporator shell and the precision assembly requirement of subsequent components, technological innovation needs to be carried out on the shell precision manufacturing method which is thin-walled, provided with fine internal threads and large in length-diameter ratio.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a precise manufacturing method of a stainless steel thin-wall shell with a fine internal thread, which aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and the invention is completed by adopting a process combination method of repeatedly mutually referencing inside and outside, finely boring a reference bottom hole for multiple times and cutting and forming a single edge of the internal thread by a knife so as to solve the problem of conventional processing thermal deformation of the evaporator shell and combining a special thread cutter so as to solve the defects of tooth form damage and the problem of cutting deformation.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a precise manufacturing method of a stainless steel thin-wall shell with a fine internal thread comprises the following steps:
step 2, processing an inner hole of the thin-wall shell part until a single edge of the inner hole is reserved with 0.4-0.6 mm of process allowance;
step 3, boring an inner hole of the thin-wall shell part until a single edge of the inner hole is reserved with 0.1-0.2 mm of process allowance;
step 4, processing the outer circle of the thin-wall shell part by adopting a double-top turning method, and reserving a process allowance of 0.4-0.6 mm to the single side of the outer circle;
step 6, processing the internal thread of the thin-wall shell part by adopting a thread cutter with a triangular-tooth-shaped turning tool blade;
and 7, after the internal threads are machined, machining the outer circle of the part in a double-top turning mode at two ends of the thin-wall shell part.
The precision manufacturing method of the stainless steel thin-wall shell with the fine internal threads, provided by the invention, has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention processes the evaporator shell into thin-wall and slender structure, and solves the problem of thermal deformation of the evaporator shell in conventional processing because of adopting a process combination method of repeatedly mutually-datum inside and outside, multi-pass fine boring of a datum bottom hole, and one-blade cutting forming of an internal thread;
(2) when the evaporator shell is subjected to micro internal thread machining, the cutting positioning measure combining a universal tool bit and a special tool bar is adopted, so that the defect of tooth shape damage and the problem of cutting deformation in the internal thread machining of a stainless steel shell part with a 10-time long-diameter deep hole and thin-wall structure are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the evaporator;
FIG. 2A shows a mechanical schematic of the evaporator housing; FIG. 2B shows a close-up view at circle of FIG. 2A;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing clamping and internal thread precision machining of an evaporator shell;
fig. 4 shows a schematic view of the adapter shank of a threading tool.
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and appreciated from the following detailed description of the invention.
The invention provides a precise manufacturing method of a stainless steel thin-wall shell with a fine internal thread, wherein the thread depth of the internal thread of the thin-wall shell is 0.1-0.3 mm, the thread width is 0.2-0.4 mm, the thread pitch is 0.3-0.7 mm, the wall thickness is 0.8-1.5 mm, and the length-diameter ratio reaches 10-15, and the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
In the step, the single edge of the outer circle is provided with process allowance in consideration of the thin-wall characteristic of the thin-wall shell part, and the process allowance is mainly used for increasing the strength and rigidity of the thin-wall part and reducing the clamping deformation in the machining process so as to better ensure the quality of the base with the shape and position precision after the part is machined and disassembled from a machine tool clamp. Meanwhile, the single edge of the outer circle is reserved with a process allowance of 0.8-1.2 mm, and if the process allowance is smaller than the minimum value of the range, the effect of reducing the machining clamping deformation cannot be achieved; if the process allowance is larger than the maximum value of the range, new cutting stress is introduced in the process of removing the process allowance at the later stage, so that the deformation or the shape and position accuracy of the thin-wall part are poor.
And 2, machining an inner hole of the thin-wall shell part, and reserving a 0.4-0.6 mm process allowance to the single side of the inner hole. The process allowance is selected mainly to ensure the release of stress in the semi-finishing process and the basic process allowance of the subsequent boring machining.
And 3, boring an inner hole of the thin-wall shell part until a single edge of the inner hole is reserved with 0.1-0.2 mm of process allowance, and preferably cutting to 0.01-0.02 mm in one time.
Wherein, the step 2 is rough machining of the inner hole aperture of the thin-wall shell part, and the step 3 is fine machining of the inner hole aperture of the thin-wall shell part. The inner hole of the thin-wall shell part is gradually machined in two stages until the single edge of the inner hole is reserved with 0.1-0.2 mm of process allowance, and the thin-wall shell part is not directly machined to the degree at one time, so that the stress is not uniformly released in the machining process of the thin-wall part (the stress release is changed along with the difference of the residual wall thickness), and batch machining is favorable for gradually releasing the machining stress.
In the step, a 0.1-0.2 mm technological allowance is reserved when the inner hole is bored until the single side is bored, the technological allowance is selected mainly to ensure the basic technological allowance of multiple boring, and technological parameters of 0.01-0.02 mm of single cutting depth are adopted, so that the technological allowance can be gradually removed multiple times, the machining stress is gradually released, and the comprehensive shape and position accuracy of the inner hole (mainly comprising two important indexes of the straightness and the cylindricity of the inner hole) is gradually improved.
And 4, machining the outer circle of the thin-wall shell part by adopting a double-top turning method, and reserving 0.4-0.6 mm of process allowance to the single side of the outer circle.
In the step, the reason that the excircle of the thin-wall shell part is machined by adopting the double-top turning method is that the most precise machining reference of the shell is the inner hole after the step 2 and the step 3, so the excircle is machined by taking the inner hole as the reference by adopting the double-top turning method, the high coaxiality of the excircle and the inner hole is realized, and the more uniform shell wall thickness is obtained.
In the step, a process allowance of 0.4-0.6 mm is still left on the single side of the outer circle, the process allowance is selected in consideration of gradually releasing the cutting stress of the outer circle, the allowance is removed after the inner hole is completely machined, and a process allowance base is left for ensuring the coaxiality of the inner hole and the outer circle and the wall thickness uniformity of the shell in the finish machining stage.
And 6, machining the internal thread of the thin-wall shell part by adopting a thread cutter with a triangular-tooth-shaped turning tool blade.
In the step, the internal thread of the thin-wall shell part is machined by adopting an internal thread precision cutting method formed by one cutter, before machining, a cutter withdrawal groove is machined at the chip removal end of the thin-wall shell part, and the size of the cutter withdrawal groove is not interfered with the cutting edge of the triangular-tooth-shaped turning tool blade.
In the step, the thread cutter is a special cutter, and the whole set of cutters adopts the idea of split design. As shown in fig. 3, the screw thread tool extends into the inner hole of the thin-wall shell part, a process margin is left on the thin-wall shell part in the length direction, the thin-wall shell part is used for holding clamps such as a spring clamp, the movement direction of the screw thread tool faces the spring clamp, and the chip removal direction is opposite to the movement direction of the tool. The thread cutter comprises a triangular-tooth-shaped lathe tool blade, a blade cutter bar and a switching cutter bar, wherein the tail end of the triangular-tooth-shaped lathe tool blade is connected with the blade cutter bar, and the blade cutter bar is inserted into the switching cutter bar to fix the triangular-tooth-shaped lathe tool blade on the switching cutter bar, wherein the triangular-tooth-shaped lathe tool blade is a single-edge blade;
as shown in figure 4, the adapter cutter arbor is cylindrical, and the one end that is close to triangle profile of tooth lathe tool blade is processed there is the step form excircle, and the step form excircle cooperates with the hole of thin-walled shell part (cooperation tolerance 0 ~ 0.01mm), and the external diameter that the adapter cutter arbor removed the surplus section of step form excircle is less than the hole diameter of thin-walled shell part, and this design can fix a position the screw thread cutter at the in-process of being convenient for process, guarantees that the cutting edge feeds along the axis direction of thin-walled shell part, finally guarantees the internal thread size.
Furthermore, the thread cutter also comprises an auxiliary adapter cutter rod which is fixed at the tail end of the adapter cutter rod through thread matching.
Furthermore, the outer diameter of the auxiliary adapter cutter rod is smaller than the diameter of the inner hole of the thin-wall shell part, and the tail end of the auxiliary adapter cutter rod extends out of the inner hole of the thin-wall shell part and is connected to a machine tool tip or an accessory.
And 7, after the internal threads are machined, machining the outer circle of the part in a double-top turning mode at two ends of the thin-wall shell part, wherein the cutting depth is 0.01-0.03 mm, and the machining stress is reduced.
Examples
Example 1
The evaporator shell in fig. 2 is precisely manufactured, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: processing the excircle of the part to phi 20, and reserving 1mm of process allowance on the single edge of the excircle;
step 2: processing an inner hole to phi 15, and reserving 0.5mm process allowance on the single side of the inner hole;
and step 3: boring an inner hole to phi 15.9 for multiple times, and cutting to 0.01mm in depth for one time;
and 4, step 4: machining the outer circle to phi 19 by adopting a double-top turning method, and secondarily aligning the inner and outer benchmarks;
and 5: processing an inner hole to phi 16(0 to minus 0.02mm tolerance) by using a reamer;
step 6:
and 7: and after the internal thread is machined, precisely machining the excircle of the part to the required size by adopting a double-top turning mode at two ends of the part, wherein the cutting depth is 0.02 mm.
After the parts are machined, three coordinates are adopted for detection, and the actually measured straightness of the parts is 0.01mm and the coaxiality of the parts is 0.01mm, which are superior to the straightness of 0.03mm and the coaxiality of 0.03mm required by design.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are not particularly limited to the specific examples described herein.
Claims (6)
1. The precise manufacturing method of the stainless steel thin-wall evaporator shell with the fine internal threads is characterized in that the thread depth of the internal threads of the thin-wall shell is 0.1-0.3 mm, the thread width is 0.2-0.4 mm, the thread pitch is 0.3-0.7 mm, the wall thickness is 0.8-1.5 mm, and the length-diameter ratio reaches 10-15, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, processing the outer circle of the thin-wall shell part, and reserving a process allowance of 0.8-1.2 mm to the single side of the outer circle;
step 2, processing an inner hole of the thin-wall shell part until a single edge of the inner hole is reserved with 0.4-0.6 mm of process allowance;
step 3, boring an inner hole of the thin-wall shell part until a single edge of the inner hole is reserved with 0.1-0.2 mm of process allowance;
step 4, processing the outer circle of the thin-wall shell part by adopting a double-top turning method, and reserving a process allowance of 0.4-0.6 mm to the single side of the outer circle;
step 5, machining the inner hole of the thin-wall shell part to the required size of the part by using a reamer, and allowing a tolerance of 0-0.02 mm;
step 6, processing the internal thread of the thin-wall shell part by adopting a thread cutter with a triangular-tooth-shaped turning tool blade; the thread cutter comprises a triangular-tooth-shaped lathe tool blade, a blade cutter bar and a switching cutter bar, wherein the tail end of the triangular-tooth-shaped lathe tool blade is connected with the blade cutter bar, and the blade cutter bar is inserted into the switching cutter bar so that the triangular-tooth-shaped lathe tool blade is fixed on the switching cutter bar; the adapter cutter bar is a cylindrical bar, a step-shaped excircle is machined at one end close to the triangular tooth-shaped turning tool blade, the step-shaped excircle is matched with an inner hole of the thin-wall shell part, the matching tolerance is 0-0.01 mm, and the outer diameter of the rest section of the adapter cutter bar except the step-shaped excircle is smaller than the diameter of the inner hole of the thin-wall shell part;
and 7, after the internal threads are machined, machining the outer circle of the part in a double-top turning mode at two ends of the thin-wall shell part.
2. The precision manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein in step 6, before the internal thread is machined, a relief groove is machined at the chip removal end of the thin-walled housing part, the relief groove having a size that does not interfere with the cutting edge of the trigonal bite lathe tool insert.
3. The precision manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the trigonal lathe tool insert is a single-edge insert.
4. The precision manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the screw tool further comprises an auxiliary adapter tool bar fixed at the tail end of the adapter tool bar by screw fitting.
5. The precision manufacturing method of claim 4, wherein the auxiliary adapter tool bar has an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the inner hole of the thin-walled housing part, and a tip end extending out of the inner hole of the thin-walled housing part.
6. The precision manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein in step 7, when the outer circle of the part is machined by double-top turning at both ends of the thin-walled shell part, the cutting depth is 0.01 to 0.03 mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4314130A (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1982-02-02 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Method of making variably rifled tubes |
| CN101961793B (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2012-03-21 | 西安航空发动机（集团）有限公司 | Tip-extension type deep hole boring cutter rod |
| CN204818307U (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-12-02 | 贵州航锐航空精密零部件制造有限公司 | Cutter of drill way burr in going |
| CN105414890B (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-11-17 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of thin-wallconduit method for fine finishing |
| CN107953068A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-24 | 陕西启源科技发展有限责任公司 | Stainless steel deep hole thin-walled parts processing method |
| CN109434395B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-12-04 | 陕西宝成航空仪表有限责任公司 | Method for processing high-precision deep long hole thin-wall sleeve type part |
| CN110091127B (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2022-01-18 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Integral precision machining method for thin-wall slender pipe fitting |
| CN110640171A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-03 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Vibration-proof cutter bar for deep hole turning |
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