CN112404914A - Forging processing technology of parking gear - Google Patents
Forging processing technology of parking gear Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112404914A CN112404914A CN202011184966.7A CN202011184966A CN112404914A CN 112404914 A CN112404914 A CN 112404914A CN 202011184966 A CN202011184966 A CN 202011184966A CN 112404914 A CN112404914 A CN 112404914A
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- forging
- parking gear
- tooth
- blank
- cavity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Gears, Cams (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a forging processing technology of a parking gear, relates to the technical field of gear processing, and solves the problems of low production efficiency and serious material waste of the existing parking gear processing, wherein the processing technology comprises the following steps: blanking, turning an outer circle, heating, blanking, punching a center hole, hot finish forging, turning a connecting skin, isothermal normalizing, shot blasting, scale saponification and cold extrusion; the invention adopts the forging process to process the parking gear, reduces the material waste, adopts the preforming to process the cavity, and adopts the preforming to form a cake-shaped structure, the invention uses the annular structure with the taper step, and is suitable for the product, the peripheral wall of the opening end of the cavity expands outwards and inclines to form an opening surface when the blank processes the cavity, the opening surface horizontally extends and penetrates the end surface of the cylindrical main body towards the end surface of the cylindrical main body, so as to form a positioning boss, the axial positioning of the die and the blank is convenient, and the subsequent forging quality is ensured; and the design of the concave cavity can reduce the forging force requirement of the finish forging forming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gear machining, in particular to a forging machining process of a parking gear.
Background
The parking gear is an important safety part in the gearbox, and the precision requirement and the quality requirement of parts are high; the existing manufacturing process generally directly selects bar cutting processing, hobbing to form an outer tooth surface and then adopting a gear shaping processing method to form an inner tooth surface. The processing technology has the following major disadvantages: the cutting machining has low production efficiency, is only suitable for single-piece or small-batch production and application, and secondly, the tooth surface is formed by applying the cutting machining process, so that the waste of raw materials is serious, the cost is high, a metal streamline is cut off, the tooth surface strength is low, and the phenomenon that the tooth is damaged and cannot be shifted is easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention provides a parking gear machining process formed by forging bar stock, aiming at solving the problems of low production efficiency and serious material waste of the existing parking gear machining.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose: the utility model provides a parking gear's forging process, parking gear include cylindrical main part, the outer peripheral face of cylindrical main part is equipped with the external tooth, and the equiaxial lead is equipped with circular cavity and is located the diameter that cavity bottom runs through cylindrical main part and is less than the centre bore of cavity on the cylindrical main part, the medial surface of cavity is equipped with plum blossom form internal tooth face, and its process includes following steps:
(1) blanking: cutting out the required metal bar;
(2) turning the outer circle: adjusting the size of the metal bar to remove surface defects;
(3) heating: the method comprises preheating, graphite spraying and heating three-stage heating, wherein water-based graphite is sprayed on the surface of a part to prevent surface decarburization and oxidation; the heating temperature is 900 plus or minus 20 ℃;
(4) blank preparation: performing, wherein the excircle diameter of the blank is smaller than that of the hot precision forging female die, a concave cavity with a taper step is processed at the center of the blank, and the taper angle of the taper step is determined by 3D forging simulation, so that the forging defects of meat deficiency, folding and the like of the plum blossom-shaped inner tooth surface step during subsequent precision forging are effectively avoided;
(5) punching a central hole: the central hole penetrates through the inner connecting skin, so that subsequent precision forging forming is facilitated;
(6) hot precision forging: the punch is in a plum-petal shape of the parking gear, the inner wall of the female die is in an external tooth shape, the open face of the blank concave cavity faces the punch for hot precision forging to form external teeth and plum-blossom-shaped internal tooth faces at one time, and after forging, the upper part of the external tooth is connected with a skin;
(7) turning a leather: removing the connected skin by vehicle;
(8) isothermal normalizing, shot blasting and phosphorus saponification treatment; isothermal normalizing ensures the hardness of the workpiece during cold extrusion, ensures the grain size refinement inside the forging, and has small deformation during subsequent heat treatment. The shot blasting effectively removes a surface oxide layer of forging and isothermal normalizing, and the phosphating and saponification treatment is a pretreatment process before cold extrusion to form a phosphating film and a saponification film, so that the friction between a workpiece and a die is reduced, and the workpiece is easy to form.
(9) Cold extrusion: putting the semi-parking gear finished product into a cold extrusion die to apply cold extrusion force to perform external tooth extrusion adjustment, and extruding an upper punch downwards to drive a workpiece to be extruded into the die; the extruded workpiece is removed from the lower part of the die;
(10) and (3) size adjustment: the lathe worker adjusts the size of the excircle and the central hole and the height of the gear.
Further, the material of the metal bar stock is 20 CrMnTiH.
Further, in the step (6), a punch is arranged right above the female die, the open end of the blank faces upwards to the punch, and the punch is pressed downwards for hot finish forging.
Further, 1-2mm connecting skin is left above the tooth part after the hot precision forging in the step (6).
Further, the diameter of the excircle of the tooth part of the female die in the step (6) is 0.4-0.5MM larger than that of the finished parking gear, the thickness of the outer tooth of the female die is about 0.2-0.3MM larger than that of the finished parking gear, and the height of the forged blank is 1-2MM larger than that of the finished parking gear.
Further, the thickness of the outer teeth of the cold extrusion die in the step (9) is the same as that of the outer teeth of the parking gear finished product, and the diameter of the excircle of the tooth part of the cold extrusion die is 1mm larger than that of the excircle of the tooth part of the parking gear finished product.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the parking gear is machined by adopting a forging process, so that the material waste is reduced, the inner petal concave cavity is machined by adopting the preforming, the common preforming is of a cake-shaped structure, the annular structure with the taper step is adapted to a product, the peripheral wall of the opening end of the concave cavity expands outwards and inclines to form an open surface when the concave cavity is machined by a blank, and the open surface horizontally extends towards the end surface of the cylindrical main body and penetrates through the end surface of the cylindrical main body, so that a positioning boss is formed, the axial positioning of a die and the blank is facilitated, and the subsequent forging quality is ensured; the cone angle is determined by 3D forging simulation according to requirements of a processing die, the size of a product and the like, so that the defects of meat deficiency and folding stool forging of the inner petal step when finish forging occurs are avoided; the design of the concave cavity can reduce the forging force requirement of precision forging forming by 20-30%, and the service life of the die can be prolonged by 40%; the whole process effectively improves the production efficiency and reduces the waste of materials;
2. according to the invention, after blank making, a central hole is directly punched, and then finish forging is carried out, so that the finish forging pressure is reduced, and the tooth part is directly formed under the action of three-dimensional compressive stress, so that filling is easier, and the forging defect is avoided;
3. the invention adopts the isothermal normalizing process to adjust the hardness of the workpiece to meet the hardness requirement during cold extrusion, is beneficial to refining grains inside the workpiece and reduces heat treatment deformation;
4. after the hot precision forging, the method of turning off the connecting skin is adopted, so that the forging defect that the blanking surface of the cold extrusion tooth part is difficult to form in a cold mode is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a blank construction after blank making and preforming;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure after punching a central hole in a blank;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the structure of the blank after hot finish forging;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the blank after hot finish forging;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the parking gear after being skin-attached and cold extruded.
Reference numerals: 1-cylindrical main body, 2-plum blossom-shaped inner tooth surface, 3-central hole, 4-external teeth and 5-concave cavity.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the parking gear of the present embodiment includes a cylindrical main body 1, external teeth 4 are disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical main body 1, a circular cavity 5 and a central hole 3 located at the bottom of the cavity 5 and penetrating through the cylindrical main body 1, the diameter of which is smaller than that of the cavity 5, are disposed on the cylindrical main body 1 at an equal axial lead, a quincunx inner tooth surface 2 is disposed on an inner side surface of the cavity 5, and a processing process of the parking gear includes the following:
(1) blanking: intercepting a required metal bar, wherein the material of the metal bar is 20 CrMnTiH;
(2) turning the outer circle: adjusting the size of the metal bar to remove surface defects;
(3) heating: the method comprises preheating, graphite spraying and heating three-stage heating, wherein water-based graphite is sprayed on the surface of a part to prevent surface decarburization and oxidation; the heating temperature is 900 plus or minus 20 ℃;
(4) blank preparation: performing, wherein the diameter of the outer circle of the blank is smaller than that of the hot precision forging female die, a concave cavity with a taper step is processed in the center of the blank, the taper step is convenient to be positioned with the hot precision forging die, the taper angle of the taper step is determined by 3D forging simulation, and forging defects of meat deficiency, folding and the like of the plum blossom-shaped inner tooth surface step during subsequent precision forging are effectively avoided;
(5) punching a central hole: the central hole penetrates through the inner connecting skin, so that subsequent precision forging forming is facilitated;
(6) hot precision forging: the upper punch head is provided with a parking gear plum petal step shape, the inner wall of the lower female die is of an external tooth shape structure, the opening surface of the blank concave cavity faces upwards and faces towards the punch for hot precision forging, and external teeth and plum blossom-shaped inner tooth surfaces are formed at one time; wherein the diameter of the excircle of the tooth part of the female die is 0.4-0.5MM larger than that of the finished parking gear, the thickness of the outer tooth of the female die is about 0.2-0.3MM larger than that of the finished parking gear, the height of the forged blank is 1-2MM higher than that of the finished parking gear, and 1-2MM of connecting skin is left above the tooth part after forging;
(7) turning a leather: removing the connected skin by vehicle;
(8) isothermal normalizing, shot blasting and phosphorus saponification treatment; isothermal normalizing ensures the hardness of the workpiece during cold extrusion, ensures the grain size refinement inside the forging, and has small deformation during subsequent heat treatment. Shot blasting effectively removes surface oxide layers of forging and isothermal normalizing, phosphating and saponification are pre-treatment processes before cold extrusion to form a phosphating film and a saponification film, so that friction between a workpiece and a die is reduced, and the workpiece is easy to form;
(9) cold extrusion: putting the semi-parking gear finished product into a cold extrusion die to apply cold extrusion force to perform external tooth extrusion adjustment, and extruding an upper punch downwards to drive a workpiece to be extruded into the die; the extruded workpiece is removed from the lower part of the die; the thickness of the outer teeth of the cold extrusion die is the same as that of the outer teeth of the parking gear finished product, and the diameter of the outer circle of the tooth part of the cold extrusion die is 1mm larger than that of the outer circle of the tooth part of the parking gear finished product; (10) and (3) size adjustment: the lathe worker adjusts the size of the excircle and the central hole and the height of the gear.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a parking gear's forging process, parking gear include cylindrical main part, the outer peripheral face of cylindrical main part is equipped with the external tooth, and the equiaxial lead is equipped with circular cavity and is located the diameter that cavity bottom runs through cylindrical main part and is less than the centre bore of cavity on the cylindrical main part, the inboard of cavity is equipped with plum blossom form internal tooth face, its characterized in that, its process includes following steps:
(1) blanking: cutting out the required metal bar;
(2) turning the outer circle: adjusting the size of the metal bar to remove surface defects;
(3) heating: the method comprises preheating, graphite spraying and heating three-stage heating, wherein water-based graphite is sprayed on the surface of a part to prevent surface decarburization and oxidation; the heating temperature is 900 plus or minus 20 ℃;
(4) blank preparation: performing, wherein the size of the outer circle of the blank is smaller than that of the hot precision forging female die, a concave cavity with a taper step is processed at the center of the blank, the taper angle of the taper step is determined by 3D forging simulation, and forging defects such as meat deficiency and folding of the plum blossom-shaped inner tooth surface step during subsequent precision forging are avoided;
(5) punching a central hole: the central hole penetrates through the inner connecting skin, so that subsequent precision forging forming is facilitated;
(6) hot precision forging: the punch is in a plum-petal shape of the parking gear, the inner wall of the female die is in an external tooth shape, the open face of the blank concave cavity faces the punch for hot precision forging to form external teeth and plum-blossom-shaped internal tooth faces at one time, and the upper part of the tooth faces is connected with a skin after forging;
(7) turning a leather: removing the connected skin by vehicle;
(8) isothermal normalizing, shot blasting and phosphorus saponification treatment;
(9) cold extrusion: putting the semi-parking gear finished product into a cold extrusion die to apply cold extrusion force to perform external tooth extrusion adjustment, and extruding an upper punch downwards to drive a workpiece to be extruded into the die; the extruded workpiece is removed from the lower part of the die;
(10) and (3) size adjustment: the lathe worker adjusts the size of the excircle and the central hole and the height of the gear.
2. The forging processing technology for the parking gear as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the metal bar stock is 20 CrMnTiH.
3. The forging process of the parking gear according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the punch is arranged right above the die, the open end of the blank faces upwards to the punch, and the punch is pressed downwards for hot finish forging.
4. The forging process of the parking gear according to claim 1, wherein 1-2mm of connected skin is left above the tooth part after the step (6) of hot finish forging.
5. The forging process of the parking gear according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the diameter of the outer circle of the tooth part of the female die is 0.4-0.5MM larger than that of the parking gear finished product, the thickness of the outer tooth of the female die is about 0.2-0.3MM larger than that of the parking gear finished product, and the height of the forged blank is 1-2MM higher than that of the parking gear finished product.
6. The forging processing technology of the parking gear according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the external teeth of the cold extrusion die in the step (9) is the same as that of the external teeth of the parking gear finished product, and the diameter of the excircle of the tooth part of the cold extrusion die is 1mm larger than that of the tooth part of the parking gear finished product.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011184966.7A CN112404914A (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-10-29 | Forging processing technology of parking gear |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011184966.7A CN112404914A (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-10-29 | Forging processing technology of parking gear |
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| CN112404914A true CN112404914A (en) | 2021-02-26 |
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| CN202011184966.7A Pending CN112404914A (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-10-29 | Forging processing technology of parking gear |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113251128A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-13 | 浙江雅博汽配有限公司 | Gear with direct forming function |
| CN113351821A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-09-07 | 浙江中集铸锻有限公司 | Forging method of high-precision bearing ring forge piece |
| CN113478188A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-08 | 重庆创精温锻成型有限公司 | Parking gear tooth profile lateral extrusion forming method |
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| CN113351821A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-09-07 | 浙江中集铸锻有限公司 | Forging method of high-precision bearing ring forge piece |
| CN113478188A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-08 | 重庆创精温锻成型有限公司 | Parking gear tooth profile lateral extrusion forming method |
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Application publication date: 20210226 |