CN112404733A - Laser-arc hybrid welding method for medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure - Google Patents
Laser-arc hybrid welding method for medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112404733A CN112404733A CN202011316340.7A CN202011316340A CN112404733A CN 112404733 A CN112404733 A CN 112404733A CN 202011316340 A CN202011316340 A CN 202011316340A CN 112404733 A CN112404733 A CN 112404733A
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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Abstract
The invention provides a laser-arc hybrid welding method for a medium-thickness and large-thickness superalloy structure, wherein welding equipment comprises a laser welding system and an arc welding machine, and welding materials are nickel-based superalloy GH4169 and electroformed nickel; the laser welding system comprises a galvanometer, wherein the galvanometer is used for swinging laser, and the swinging waveform of the galvanometer is "-" shape and/or "|" shape and/or "8" shape and/or "∞" shape. According to the laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure, laser welding is carried out in a welding mode of vibrating mirror swinging laser and shielding gas component control, groove optimization and hybrid welding energy ratio optimization, the method is convenient and effective to implement, welding pores can be effectively inhibited from being generated, and the welding seam is uniform and high in qualification rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and particularly relates to a laser-arc hybrid welding method for a medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure.
Background
The laser welding has the characteristics of high energy density, high welding speed, small welding deformation and the like, is very suitable for high-efficiency welding of aerospace medium-thick structural parts, is one of the most development potential advanced technologies in twenty-first century, becomes one of the best advanced manufacturing means in the field of national defense at present, and particularly shows good application advantages in welding seams with medium-thick plates under poor assembly conditions by the laser-arc hybrid welding technology. With the rapid development of the high-thrust carrier rocket technology, medium-large-size and medium-large-thickness structures are adopted in some pre-ground and ground models, and higher requirements are put forward for laser welding.
The aerospace structural part in the prior art can have a plurality of laser welding connections at key connecting positions, the welding joints are generally bottom joints with locks, the welding thickness is 15mm, and welding air holes are easily generated due to large thickness in a laser non-penetration welding state.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide a laser-arc hybrid welding method for a medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure, and laser welding is carried out by adopting a welding mode of oscillating laser of a galvanometer, controlling the components of protective gas, optimizing a groove and optimizing the hybrid welding energy ratio, so that the method is convenient and effective to implement, can effectively inhibit the generation of welding pores, and has uniform welding seams and high qualification rate.
In order to at least achieve one of the above purposes, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a laser-arc hybrid welding method for a medium-thickness and large-thickness superalloy structure, wherein welding equipment comprises a laser welding system and an arc welding machine, and welding materials are nickel-based superalloy GH4169 and electroformed nickel; the laser welding system comprises a galvanometer, wherein the galvanometer is used for swinging laser, and the swinging waveform of the galvanometer is "-" shape and/or "|" shape and/or "8" shape and/or "∞" shape.
Further, the protective gas is a combination of argon and carbon dioxide, and the content of the carbon dioxide is 5% -10%.
Further, a Y-shaped groove is adopted for welding, the length of the truncated edge of the Y-shaped groove is 3mm, and the angle is 60 degrees.
Furthermore, the energy ratio of a laser heat source of the laser welding system to an electric arc heat source of the arc welding machine is 0.83-1.33, and the linear energy is 3.384 multiplied by 105～4.260×105J/m。
Further, the laser welding system adopts an JKH2020 optical fiber laser welding system, the arc welding machine adopts a Fronius TPS5000, and the oscillating head of the galvanometer adopts a WWH10-N-FC150FF 300.
Further, a gas proportioner is adopted to carry out component proportioning on the combined welding shielding gas of argon and carbon dioxide, and the shielding gas after component proportioning is adopted to protect a welding area.
Further, in the case of performing laser arc hybrid welding for backing welding, the laser power P is selected to be 2000W, and the arc current is selected to be 120A.
Further, in the case of hybrid laser-arc welding for filler layer welding, the laser power P was 3000W and the arc current was 220A.
Further, the specific welding steps are as follows:
a. preparing a welding device: adding a galvanometer to the laser welding system; the laser waveform of the vibrating mirror selects I-shaped laser swing;
b. processing a groove: processing a Y-shaped groove with a truncated edge of 3mm and an angle of 60 degrees on a product welding joint;
c. controlling the protective gas composition: a gas proportioner is adopted to carry out component proportioning on the combined welding shielding gas of argon and carbon dioxide, wherein the carbon dioxide accounts for 10 percent; protecting the welding area by adopting protective gas after component proportioning;
d. energy proportioning during formal welding: and (4) selecting an energy proportioning coefficient to carry out formal welding.
Compared with the prior art, the laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a laser-arc hybrid welding method for a medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure, which is characterized in that laser welding is carried out by adopting a welding mode of oscillating laser of a galvanometer, component control of protective gas, groove optimization and hybrid welding energy ratio optimization; the laser is swung by the vibrating mirror, so that the convection and stirring of a molten pool can be increased; the components of the shielding gas are controlled, so that the welding process can be stabilized; the bevel angle is optimized to effectively inhibit the generation of air holes; optimizing welding energy ratio and homogenizing welding seams; the effective inhibition of the laser-arc hybrid welding air hole of the medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure is realized.
In a word, the invention provides the laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure, which is convenient to implement, reliable and effective, can effectively inhibit welding pores, and has wide application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a groove structure of a nickel-based superalloy GH4169 material joint in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a groove structure of an electroformed nickel material joint according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific examples. Note that the following described embodiments are illustrative only for explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; the connection can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The laser-arc hybrid welding method for medium-thickness and large-thickness superalloy structures provided by the invention is described in detail by specific embodiments as follows:
the welding equipment used in the laser arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness superalloy structure adopts an JKH2020 optical fiber laser welding system, the arc welding machine adopts a Fronius TPS5000, and welding materials are nickel-based superalloy GH4169 and electroformed nickel.
The laser welding system further comprises a galvanometer, and a swinging head of the galvanometer adopts WWH10-N-FC150FF 300. The oscillating laser of the galvanometer is adopted, and the oscillation is added in the laser welding, so that the reciprocating oscillation of the laser to the welding seam enables part of the welding seam to be repeatedly remelted on one hand, and the retention time of liquid metal in a welding pool is prolonged; meanwhile, the deflection of the laser also increases the input heat per unit area, reduces the depth-to-width ratio of the welding line, is beneficial to the floating of bubbles and plays a role in eliminating air holes. On the other hand, the small holes are caused to swing along with the swinging of the laser, and the effect of providing a stirring force for the welding pool can be achieved, so that the convection and the stirring of the welding pool are increased, and the effect of eliminating air holes is facilitated.
The oscillating waveform of the galvanometer can adopt "-", "|", "" 8 "", and "∞" shapes according to the actual working condition and the requirement; the wobble waveform is preferably "-" and "-" shaped wobble lasers; the 8-shaped laser swing and the infinity laser swing have the processes of repeatedly melting welding seams during welding, the heat input quantity is generally larger than the I-shaped laser swing and the I-shaped laser swing, and the I-shaped laser swing can prevent the copper-nickel joint surface of the electroformed body from being cracked due to overheating in the welding process.
According to the laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness superalloy structure, provided by the invention, the components of protective gas are controlled, and a welding area is protected by adopting the combination of argon and carbon dioxide. Compared with pure argon as protective gas, the surface welding line lines are not smooth enough, the middle part of the residual height is provided with obvious bulges, and the welding bead has the problem of undercut; in the welding method provided by the invention, due to the addition of carbon dioxide, the smoothness of the surface of the welding line is obviously improved, the grain of the welding line tends to be smooth, and the edge of the welding line is straight. Preferably, the content of the carbon dioxide is selected to be 5% -10%, the molten drop transition mode is stable spray transition under the proportion, the process stability is good, and the obtained welding lines are attractive in appearance and free of obvious splashing.
In the laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure, a Y-shaped groove with a truncated edge length of 3mm and an angle of 60 degrees is adopted for welding. Compared with the Y-shaped groove with the truncated edge length of 4mm and the angle of 80 degrees, the Y-shaped groove adopted by the invention has the advantages that the truncated edge thickness is smaller, namely the floating distance of gas is smaller, so that the gas in a molten pool can escape in time, and the generation of welding pores can be effectively inhibited.
In the laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure, the energy ratio of a laser heat source and an arc heat source is 0.83-1.33, and the linear energy is 3.384 multiplied by 105～4.260×105J/m. Because the main task of backing welding is to weld through the blunt edge, the laser heat source plays a main role and should be selected with higher power; the arc heat source specification should be properly small to avoid the possible pinhole defect caused by the shielding effect of the arc heat source on the laser. Under the condition that the online energy is properly selected, when the numerical value of the energy proportion is small, the laser energy is too low to melt the truncated edge, so that the air holes cannot be effectively discharged; or the key hole is unstable in the laser welding process due to the overlarge specification of the electric arc heat source, and more process air holes are formed. The welding method can effectively inhibit the generation of air holes by optimizing the energy ratio of the composite welding.
The specific steps of welding the medium-thickness and large-thickness aeronautical structural parts by the laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness superalloy structure provided by the invention are introduced as follows:
1. preparing a welding device: the laser welding equipment adopts an JKH2020 optical fiber laser welding system, the arc welding machine adopts a Fronius TPS5000, and a product welding joint adopts nickel-based superalloy GH4169 to be welded with electroformed nickel. And adding a vibrating mirror to the laser welding equipment. The oscillating head of the galvanometer adopts WWH10-N-FC150FF300, and the waveform of the galvanometer laser is selected to be I-shaped laser oscillation.
2. Processing a groove: as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a welding material of GH4169 and electroformed nickel was chamfered into a Y-groove with a blunt edge of 3mm and an angle of 60 °.
3. Controlling the protective gas composition: a gas proportioner is adopted to carry out component proportioning on the combined welding shielding gas of argon and carbon dioxide, wherein the carbon dioxide accounts for 10 percent; protecting the welding area by adopting protective gas after component proportioning;
4. energy proportioning during formal welding: performing backing welding by adopting laser-arc hybrid welding, wherein the laser power P is 2000W, and the arc current is 120A; and laser-arc hybrid welding is adopted when the filling layer is welded, the laser power P is selected to be 3000W, and the arc current is selected to be 220A.
Compared with the prior art, the laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure has the beneficial effects that: according to the laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure, after welding is completed, the welding seam is centered, continuous, smooth and free of depression, the internal quality of the welding seam is high, and the qualified rate can reach more than 98%. The laser welding method is convenient and effective to implement, can effectively inhibit the generation of welding pores, and has uniform welding seams and high qualification rate.
In a word, the invention provides the laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure, which is convenient to implement, reliable and effective, can effectively inhibit welding pores, and has wide application prospects.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Claims (9)
1. A laser-arc hybrid welding method for a medium-thickness and large-thickness superalloy structure is characterized in that welding equipment comprises a laser welding system and an arc welding machine, and welding materials are nickel-based superalloy GH4169 and electroformed nickel; the laser welding system comprises a galvanometer, wherein the galvanometer is used for swinging laser, and the swinging waveform of the galvanometer is "-" shape and/or "|" shape and/or "8" shape and/or "∞" shape.
2. The laser-arc hybrid welding method for medium and large thickness superalloy structures according to claim 1, wherein the shielding gas is a combination of argon and carbon dioxide, and the content of the carbon dioxide is 5% -10%.
3. The laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness superalloy structures according to claim 2, wherein welding is performed by using a Y-shaped groove, the truncated edge of the Y-shaped groove is 3mm in length, and the angle is 60 degrees.
4. The laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness superalloy structure according to claim 3, wherein the energy ratio of a laser heat source of the laser welding system to an arc heat source of the arc welder is 0.83-1.33, and the linear energy is 3.384 x 105～4.260×105J/m。
5. The laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness superalloy structure according to claim 4, wherein the laser welding system is JKH2020 fiber laser welding system, the arc welding machine is Fronius TPS5000, and the oscillating head of the galvanometer is WWH10-N-FC150FF 300.
6. The laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness high-temperature alloy structure according to claim 5, characterized in that a gas proportioner is used for proportioning components of the combined welding shielding gas of argon and carbon dioxide, and the shielding gas after proportioning is used for protecting a welding area.
7. The laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness superalloy structure according to claim 6, wherein in laser-arc hybrid welding for backing welding, the laser power P is selected to be 2000W, and the arc current is selected to be 120A.
8. The laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness superalloy structure according to claim 6, wherein laser power P is 3000W and arc current is 220A when performing laser-arc hybrid welding for filler layer welding.
9. The laser-arc hybrid welding method for the medium-thickness and large-thickness superalloy structure according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the specific welding steps are as follows:
a. preparing a welding device: adding a galvanometer to the laser welding system; the laser waveform of the vibrating mirror selects I-shaped laser swing;
b. processing a groove: processing a Y-shaped groove with a truncated edge of 3mm and an angle of 60 degrees on a product welding joint;
c. controlling the protective gas composition: a gas proportioner is adopted to carry out component proportioning on the combined welding shielding gas of argon and carbon dioxide, wherein the carbon dioxide accounts for 10 percent; protecting the welding area by adopting protective gas after component proportioning;
d. energy proportioning during formal welding: and (4) selecting an energy proportioning coefficient to carry out formal welding.
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