CN112404112A - Layered replacement and restoration method for mercury-polluted farmland - Google Patents
Layered replacement and restoration method for mercury-polluted farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN112404112A CN112404112A CN202011063532.1A CN202011063532A CN112404112A CN 112404112 A CN112404112 A CN 112404112A CN 202011063532 A CN202011063532 A CN 202011063532A CN 112404112 A CN112404112 A CN 112404112A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
The invention discloses a layered replacement and restoration method for a mercury-polluted farmland, which comprises the steps of shoveling shallow-layer polluted soil and deep-layer clean soil out of a pile respectively through an excavator bucket, backfilling the solidified shallow-layer polluted soil to a deep-layer position for tamping, and backfilling the original deep-layer clean soil on the shallow-layer polluted soil and the deep-layer clean soil, so that the layered replacement of the shallow-layer polluted soil and the deep-layer clean soil is realized, the mercury content of the repaired surface-layer soil reaches the standard, the mercury pollution content of the shallow-layer soil is effectively reduced, the secondary pollution of the soil is avoided, and the number of pollutants is reduced to the maximum extent; the utilization rate of the land is improved, and the requirement of normal agricultural production is met; the safety of agricultural products is guaranteed, and the risk that the agricultural products exceed the standard and harm human health is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polluted soil remediation, in particular to a layered replacement remediation method for a mercury-polluted farmland.
Background
The environmental safety of farmland soil directly influences the supply of national food, and is an important life pulse related to the national civilization. Heavy metal Hg becomes one of the heavy metal pollutants which are common in soil and high in harmfulness, and the heavy metal in farmland soil can migrate in the environment through the actions of dissolution, sedimentation and the like, and can amplify the enrichment action of the heavy metal Hg in organisms through agricultural products, so that the heavy metal Hg is harmful to the ecological environment and human bodies.
At present, the Hg repair treatment method in farmland soil mainly comprises a physical method, a chemical method, a microbiological method and the like, but the methods have the defects of high possibility of secondary pollution, large environmental influence and the like. The physical method specifically comprises the following steps: the soil-moving method, the soil-changing method, the deep ploughing and soil-turning method and the isolation embedding method.
The soil-covering method and the deep ploughing method are characterized in that clean soil and polluted soil are mixed, so that the heavy metal content in the soil is reduced, and the mercury content in the soil reaches a normal value. The soil replacement method and the isolation embedding method are used for transferring or isolating polluted soil, but the methods are only suitable for areas with light pollution and small pollution range. Therefore, the method for remedying the mercury farmland pollution in a large area and applicable to various pollution degrees has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a layered replacement and restoration method for a mercury-polluted farmland, which has the advantages of wide applicability, strong operability and good modification effect.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a mercury pollution farmland layered replacement and remediation method, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, layering soil to be restored according to depth, dividing the soil into n layers, wherein the difference of the depths of each layer is 15-20 cm, the depth of the first layer of soil is 10-20 cm, and n is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5;
measuring the mercury content of the soil at different depths, and dividing shallow polluted soil and deep clean soil;
when in use
And is
When the soil is in the first layer to the mth layer, the soil from the first layer to the mth layer is shallow contaminated soil, and the soil from the m +1 th layer to the n-1 th layer is deep clean soil;
when in use
And is
When the soil is in the first layer to the mth layer, the soil in the first layer to the mth layer is shallow polluted soil, and the soil in the (m + 1) th layer to the nth layer is deep clean soil;
aflat 1Is the average mercury content of n layers of soil, amThe mercury content of the corresponding mth layer of soil, wherein m is more than or equal to 2 and less than n;
thirdly, dividing the soil into a plurality of operation units, digging out shallow contaminated soil of the operation units and placing the shallow contaminated soil on one side, digging out deep clean soil of the operation units and placing the deep clean soil on the other side, backfilling the shallow contaminated soil into the action units, adding a curing agent, and turning over and mixing the shallow contaminated soil and the curing agent;
fourthly, after the ploughing is finished, backfilling 50% -70% of the deep clean soil onto the shallow polluted soil of the operation unit, irrigating water into the deep clean soil to enable the water content of the deep clean soil to reach 60% -80%, flattening and compacting the deep clean soil, and constructing a plough bottom layer;
and fifthly, backfilling the residual deep clean soil to the constructed plough bottom layer to form a plough layer.
In the second step, the curing agent is lime.
As a modification of the above, in the step (III), the addition amount of the curing agent is b,
k is more than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 300, wherein aFlat 2Mean average mercury content in shallow contaminated soil, hShallowIs the total depth h of the shallow contaminated soilGeneral assemblyRefers to the total depth of the shallow contaminated soil and the deep clean soil.
As an improvement of the scheme, in the step (III), the addition amount of the curing agent is 80-200 kg/mu.
And (3) as an improvement of the scheme, in the step (three), a rotary cultivator is adopted to turn and mix the shallow polluted soil and the curing agent, and the turning speed is 2.2-4.5 km/h.
In the step (III), the plowing depth is 10-20 cm, and the plowing frequency is not less than 3 times.
And (5) in the step (IV), an excavator or a road roller is adopted to repeatedly roll the backfilled deep clean soil for 2-3 times at the speed of 2.2-4.5 km/h to construct a plough bottom layer.
As an improvement of the scheme, in the step (IV), the soil density of the plough bottom layer is 1.50-1.53 g/cm3The soil hardness is 16-17.5 g/cm2And after the rainfall and the evaporation are eliminated, the water drop rate is 0.8-1.0 cm/day respectively.
In the improvement of the scheme, in the step (II), the area of the operation unit is (5-10) cm by (100-130) cm.
As an improvement of the scheme, the mercury content of the soil to be repaired is 0-5 mg/kg.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, shallow contaminated soil and deep clean soil are respectively shoveled out and stacked by the excavator bucket, then the solidified shallow contaminated soil is firstly backfilled to the deep position and tamped, and then the original deep clean soil is backfilled on the shallow contaminated soil and the deep clean soil, so that the shallow contaminated soil and the deep clean soil are replaced in a layered manner, the mercury content of the repaired surface soil reaches the standard, the mercury contaminated content of the shallow soil is effectively reduced, the secondary pollution of the soil is avoided, and the number of pollutants is reduced to the maximum extent; the utilization rate of the land is improved, and the requirement of normal agricultural production is met; the safety of agricultural products is guaranteed, and the risk that the agricultural products exceed the standard and harm human health is avoided.
The method combines mercury content of soil at different depths and standard (trial) of soil pollution risk management and control standard (GB15618-2018) of soil environment quality agricultural land, wherein the concentration of surface soil specified in the standard is less than 0.5 mg/kg; according to the invention, the mercury content of the soil in different layers is compared with the standards defined by the invention one by one, so that the shallow polluted soil and the deep clean soil are divided, thus the remediation effect can be ensured, the method can be applied to the soil polluted by mercury with different concentrations, and the method can be applied to the invention even if the mercury content in the surface layer of the original soil is higher.
The restoration method is realized by replacing shallow polluted soil and deep clean soil, is simple to operate, can be realized only by an excavator, has less related equipment, and can be applied to large-area polluted soil; in addition, the curing agent is low in price, easy to purchase and small in addition amount, and the cost of soil remediation is effectively reduced; the invention has wide application range and is suitable for various pollution degrees.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below.
The invention provides a layered replacement and restoration method for a mercury-polluted farmland, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, layering soil to be restored according to depth, dividing the soil into n layers, wherein the difference of the depths of each layer is 15-20 cm, the depth of the first layer of soil is 10-20 cm, and n is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5;
according to the invention, the layering is carried out by taking the depth of 15-20 cm as a grade, and a good balance can be obtained on the layering efficiency and the layering precision.
Measuring the mercury content of the soil at different depths, and dividing shallow polluted soil and deep clean soil;
when in use
And is
When the soil is in the first layer to the mth layer, the soil from the first layer to the mth layer is shallow contaminated soil, and the soil from the m +1 th layer to the n-1 th layer is deep clean soil;
when in use
And is
When the soil is in the first layer to the mth layer, the soil in the first layer to the mth layer is shallow polluted soil, and the soil in the (m + 1) th layer to the nth layer is deep clean soil;
aflat 1Is the average mercury content of n layers of soil, amThe mercury content of the corresponding mth layer of soil, m is more than or equal to 2 and less than n.
The method combines mercury content of soil at different depths and standard (trial) of soil pollution risk management and control standard (GB15618-2018) of soil environment quality agricultural land, wherein the concentration of surface soil specified in the standard is less than 0.5 mg/kg; according to the invention, the mercury content of the soil in different layers is compared with the standards defined by the invention one by one, so that the shallow polluted soil and the deep clean soil are divided, thus the remediation effect can be ensured, the method can be applied to the soil polluted by mercury with different concentrations, and the method can be applied to the invention even if the mercury content in the surface layer of the original soil is higher. Preferably, the mercury content of the soil to be repaired is 0-5 mg/kg.
Thirdly, dividing the soil into a plurality of operation units, digging out shallow contaminated soil of the operation units and placing the shallow contaminated soil on one side, digging out deep clean soil of the operation units and placing the deep clean soil on the other side, backfilling the shallow contaminated soil into the action units, adding a soil curing agent, and turning over and mixing the shallow contaminated soil and the curing agent;
specifically, a bucket of an excavator is used for stripping the shallow polluted soil. In order to realize large-scale farmland restoration, the excavator of the invention is preferably of a pinus parviensis PC200-8 model. The excavator of the type can be directly driven into a farmland, meanwhile, the excavator is high in excavating efficiency, convenient to operate and accurate in excavating depth, and the requirements of the excavator can be met.
Preferably, the area of the operation unit is (5-10) cm × 100-130 cm.
More preferably, the area of the operation unit is (5-8) cm by (100-120) cm.
More preferably, the area of the working unit is 5cm by 120 cm.
The area of the working unit is mainly limited by the excavator, but the area of the working unit also affects the overall restoration efficiency and restoration effect of the farmland. If the area of the operation unit is too large, although the repair efficiency can be improved, the precision can be reduced in the layered excavation of the shallow polluted soil and the deep clean soil, and the plowing and mixing of the shallow polluted soil and the curing agent can be influenced; if the area of the working unit is too small, the repair efficiency is lowered.
The curing agent is used for curing mercury in shallow polluted soil, reducing the effectiveness of mercury and preventing mercury from migrating to deep clean soil.
Preferably, the curing agent is lime, and the lime is low in price, easy to purchase, free of secondary pollution and suitable for large-scale farmland use.
The addition amount of the curing agent of the present invention is influenced by the mercury content in the shallow contaminated soil and the depth of the shallow contaminated soil.
Specifically, the addition amount of the curing agent is b kg/mu,
k is more than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 300, wherein aFlat 2Mean average mercury content in shallow contaminated soil, hShallowIs the total depth h of the shallow contaminated soilGeneral assemblyRefers to the total depth of the shallow contaminated soil and the deep clean soil.
Preferably, the addition amount of the curing agent is 80-200 kg/mu.
More preferably, the addition amount of the curing agent is 100-150 kg/mu.
Because the shallow polluted soil is replaced into the deep soil, the common plant root system rarely extends into the deep soil, and therefore, mercury can be solidified only by adding a small amount of lime, the mercury absorption of plants is reduced, and the safety of grains is ensured.
Compared with the common soil remediation method, the remediation method has the advantages of simple operation, good effect, easy obtainment of curing agent, low price and small addition amount.
In order to improve the curing effect of the curing agent, shallow contaminated soil and the curing agent are ploughed and mixed, the ploughing depth is 10-20 cm, and the ploughing frequency is not less than 3 times.
Preferably, the plowing depth is 20cm, and plowing is carried out for 4 times.
Specifically, the rotary cultivator is used for ploughing and mixing shallow polluted soil and the curing agent at the speed of 2.2-4.5 km/h.
Fourthly, after the ploughing is finished, backfilling 50% -70% of the deep clean soil onto the shallow polluted soil of the operation unit, irrigating water into the deep clean soil to enable the water content of the deep clean soil to reach 60% -80%, flattening and compacting the deep clean soil, and constructing a plough bottom layer;
the plough bottom layer is a compact soil layer below the plough layer, is generally 12-20 cm away from the ground surface, has the thickness of about 10cm, and can reach 20cm at the thickest. The purpose of the plough bottom layer is to ensure the water and fertilizer retention function of the paddy field and the bearing of agricultural implements.
The water content of the deep clean soil after backfilling plays an important role in constructing the plough bottom layer, and if the water content of the deep clean soil is less than 60%, the water content is too low, so that the plough bottom layer is not easy to construct; if the water content of the deep clean soil is more than 80%, the water content is too high, and the soil is sticky to machinery and is not beneficial to mechanical operation.
Preferably, an excavator or a road roller is adopted to repeatedly roll the backfilled deep clean soil for 2-3 times at the speed of 2.2-4.5 km/h.
The soil density of the plough bottom layer is 1.50-1.53 g/cm3The soil hardness is 16-17.5 g/cm2And after the rainfall and the evaporation are eliminated, the water drop rate is 0.8-1.0 cm/day respectively.
At present, the construction method of the plough stratum which is conventionally adopted is mainly a water flooding and harrowing method. Under the repeated circulation of flooding and harrowing by the rotary cultivator, the sticky particles in the soil continuously sink to gradually form a plough bottom layer. However, this method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and it is not possible to directly determine whether the plough bottom layer meets the construction standard.
Compared with the water surface descending rate of 1-2 cm per day of the traditional paddy field, the plough bottom layer constructed by the method of replacing soil layer by layer has low cost and quickly achieves the effects of water retention and fertilizer retention.
And fifthly, backfilling the residual deep clean soil to the constructed plough bottom layer to form a plough layer.
According to the invention, shallow contaminated soil and deep clean soil are respectively shoveled out and stacked by the excavator bucket, then the solidified shallow contaminated soil is firstly backfilled to the deep position and tamped, and then the original deep clean soil is backfilled on the shallow contaminated soil and the deep clean soil, so that the shallow contaminated soil and the deep clean soil are replaced in a layered manner, the mercury content of the repaired surface soil reaches the standard, the mercury contaminated content of the shallow soil is effectively reduced, the secondary pollution of the soil is avoided, and the number of pollutants is reduced to the maximum extent; the utilization rate of the land is improved, and the requirement of normal agricultural production is met; the safety of agricultural products is guaranteed, and the risk that the agricultural products exceed the standard and harm human health is avoided.
The restoration method is realized by replacing shallow polluted soil and deep clean soil, is simple to operate, can be realized only by an excavator, has less related equipment, and can be applied to large-area polluted soil; in addition, the curing agent is low in price, easy to purchase and small in addition amount, and the cost of soil remediation is effectively reduced; the invention has wide application range and is suitable for various pollution degrees.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples
Example 1
The layered replacement and restoration of a certain mercury polluted farmland in Puning City of Yiyang city comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out layered detection on soil to be restored, respectively collecting soil with the depth of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm, and respectively measuring the mercury content in the soil, wherein the results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Hg content of soil at different depths before remediation
Secondly, dividing shallow polluted soil and deep clean soil, aFlat 1＝0.466mg/kg，
The soil with the depth of 0-40 cm is shallow polluted soil, and the soil with the depth of 40-80 cm is shallow polluted soil;
thirdly, dividing the soil into a plurality of operation units, digging out shallow polluted soil of the operation units and placing the shallow polluted soil on one side, digging out deep clean soil of the operation units and placing the deep clean soil on the other side, backfilling the shallow polluted soil into the action units, adding 120 kg/mu of lime, and ploughing and mixing the shallow polluted soil and the lime by adopting a rotary cultivator at the speed of 2.2-4.5 km/h and the ploughing depth of 20cm for 4 times;
fourthly, after the ploughing is finished, backfilling 60% of deep clean soil on the shallow polluted soil of the operation unit, watering the deep clean soil to enable the water content of the deep clean soil to reach 70%, repeatedly rolling the backfilled deep clean soil for 2-3 times at the speed of 2.2-4.5 km/h by adopting an excavator or a road roller, and constructing a plough bottom layer, wherein the soil density of the plough bottom layer is 1.53g/cm3The soil hardness is 17.5g/cm2After the rainfall and the evaporation are eliminated, the water drop rate is 1.0 cm/day respectively;
and fifthly, backfilling the residual deep clean soil to the constructed plough bottom layer to form a plough layer.
After one week of remediation, collecting the soil with the depth of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm respectively, and measuring the mercury content in the soil respectively, wherein the results are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 Hg content in soil at different depths after remediation
From the table 1 and the table 2, after the layered replacement repair method is adopted, the mercury content in soil of a plough layer (0-20 cm) and a plough bottom layer (20-40 cm) is less than 0.5mg/kg, the standard of soil environmental quality agricultural soil pollution risk control standard (trial) is met (GB15618-2018), and meanwhile, the mercury content in deep soil (40-80 cm) is also evenly dispersed and is less than the mercury content in shallow soil before repair.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A mercury pollution farmland layered replacement restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, layering soil to be restored according to depth, dividing the soil into n layers, wherein the difference of the depths of each layer is 15-20 cm, the depth of the first layer of soil is 10-20 cm, and n is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5;
measuring the mercury content of the soil at different depths, and dividing shallow polluted soil and deep clean soil;
when in use
And is
When the soil is in the first layer to the mth layer, the soil from the first layer to the mth layer is shallow contaminated soil, and the soil from the m +1 th layer to the n-1 th layer is deep clean soil;
when in use
And is
When the soil is in the first layer to the mth layer, the soil in the first layer to the mth layer is shallow polluted soil, and the soil in the (m + 1) th layer to the nth layer is deep clean soil;
aflat 1Is the average mercury content of n layers of soil, amThe mercury content of the corresponding mth layer of soil, wherein m is more than or equal to 2 and less than n;
thirdly, dividing the soil into a plurality of operation units, digging out shallow contaminated soil of the operation units and placing the shallow contaminated soil on one side, digging out deep clean soil of the operation units and placing the deep clean soil on the other side, backfilling the shallow contaminated soil into the action units, adding a curing agent, and turning over and mixing the shallow contaminated soil and the curing agent;
fourthly, after the ploughing is finished, backfilling 50% -70% of the deep clean soil onto the shallow polluted soil of the operation unit, irrigating water into the deep clean soil to enable the water content of the deep clean soil to reach 60% -80%, flattening and compacting the deep clean soil, and constructing a plough bottom layer;
and fifthly, backfilling the residual deep clean soil to the constructed plough bottom layer to form a plough layer.
2. The layered replacement remediation method for a mercury-contaminated farmland as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the curing agent is lime.
3. The layered replacement remediation method for a mercury-contaminated farmland as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (three), the addition amount of the curing agent is b,
k is more than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 300, wherein aFlat 2Mean average mercury content in shallow contaminated soil, hShallowIs the total depth h of the shallow contaminated soilGeneral assemblyRefers to the total depth of the shallow contaminated soil and the deep clean soil.
4. The layered replacement and remediation method for the mercury-polluted farmland as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the third step, the addition amount of the curing agent is 80-200 kg/mu.
5. The layered replacement and remediation method for the mercury-polluted farmland as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, a rotary cultivator is adopted to turn over and mix the shallow-layer polluted soil and the curing agent, and the turning speed is 2.2-4.5 km/h.
6. The layered replacement and remediation method for the mercury-contaminated farmland as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the third step, the plowing depth is 10-20 cm, and the plowing times are not less than 3 times.
7. The layered replacement remediation method for the mercury-polluted farmland as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (IV), the backfilled deep clean soil is repeatedly rolled for 2-3 times at a speed of 2.2-4.5 km/h by using an excavator or a road roller to construct a plough bottom layer.
8. The layered replacement remediation method for the mercury-polluted farmland as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step (IV), the soil density of the plough bottom layer is 1.50-1.53 g/cm3Hard soilThe degree of the reaction is 16 to 17.5g/cm2And after the rainfall and the evaporation are eliminated, the water drop rate is 0.8-1.0 cm/day respectively.
9. The layered replacement remediation method for the mercury-contaminated farmland as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (two), the area of the operation unit is (5-10) cm x (100-130) cm.
10. The layered replacement remediation method for the mercury-polluted farmland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mercury content of the soil to be remediated is 0-5 mg/kg.
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| CN115193907A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-10-18 | 河南省明创环境科技有限公司 | Cadmium-polluted land parcel remediation method |
| CN116219960A (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-06-06 | 上海港湾基础建设（集团）股份有限公司 | Green island building process |
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| CN116219960B (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2024-06-25 | 上海港湾基础建设（集团）股份有限公司 | Green island building process |
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