CN112402466B - Method for separating total alkaloids from huperzia serrata extract - Google Patents
Method for separating total alkaloids from huperzia serrata extract Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for separating total alkaloids from a huperzia serrata extract, which comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving; (2) back extraction; (3) decolorizing, filtering, and concentrating; (4) extracting; (5) silica gel chromatography. In the back extraction in the step (2), the extracting solution obtained in the step (1) is back extracted by acid water containing a surfactant, conditions and operations of all steps are optimized and screened, finally, alkaloid from the huperzine serrate is prepared in high yield by a simpler method, and high-purity 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A, huperzine A and huperzine B are obtained by continuous separation. The method has the advantages of small raw material treatment amount, small solvent consumption, difficult emulsification in the extraction process, short production period, coherent and simple process, strong operability, low production cost, safety and environmental protection, and is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for separating natural active ingredients from a huperzia serrata extract, in particular to a method for separating total alkaloids from the huperzia serrata extract.
Background
Huperzia serrata is a precious wild medicinal plant, namely huperzia serrata (Thunb.) nakai of huperzia of huperziaceae, and is used as a medicine by using whole herbs. The folk uses the whole plant to treat diseases such as traumatic injury, venomous snake bite, blood stasis and swelling pain, schizophrenia and the like.
Huperzia serrata is rich in a large amount of alkaloid: huperzine A, huperzine B, 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A, huperzine B, huperzine serrate, huperzine B, huperzine A, huperzine B, huperzine A, huper.
Huperzine A is a very important natural plant alkali in huperzia serrata, and is a second-generation acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with strong effect, reversibility and high selectivity. The compound has high lipid solubility and small molecules, can well penetrate into a blood brain barrier, is more distributed in brain areas closely related to learning and memory, such as frontal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus and the like of the brain after entering a center, has strong inhibition effect on acetylcholinesterase (AchE) under low dose, and obviously increases the content of acetylcholine (Ach) in a nerve synapse gap chemical book in the distributed areas, thereby enhancing neuron excitation conduction, strengthening the excitation effect of learning and memory brain areas, and playing a role in improving cognitive function, enhancing memory retention and promoting memory reproduction. Is the most successful medicament for treating the Alzheimer disease (senile dementia) developed at home at present. Huperzine A can be used for treating myasthenia gravis, senile memory deterioration, Alzheimer's disease, teenagers learning disorder and memory enhancement, and has anticancer, antiinflammatory, and HIV inhibiting effects.
Huperzine B is also a cholinesterase inhibitor derived from huperzine serrate, and has similar action characteristics to huperzine A, but has one fourth of the bioactivity of huperzine A.
However, the huperzia serrata is short and small in plant, slow in growth, scattered in the shade and wet place of the mountain forest, quite limited in wild resources, and extremely low in alkaloid content such as huperzine A, huperzine B and the like in the plant, so that the development and utilization of the huperzia serrata are limited. In addition, the development of the huperzia serrata resource and the research on the huperzia serrata extract in China are usually limited to only one component of huperzine A, and other huperzine with the same pharmacological activity is usually ignored.
CN101491567A discloses a method for separating huperzia serrata total alkaloids from traditional Chinese medicine huperzia serrata extract, which comprises the steps of taking huperzia serrata extract, adjusting pH value to 1-7, filtering, adding filtrate to cation exchange resin, eluting with water to remove impurities, eluting with 0.5-15% acid liquor, collecting eluate, adding alkali to neutralize, and desalting to obtain huperzia serrata total alkaloids. CN101697992A discloses a method for separating total alkaloids from huperzia serrata by ion exchange resin, which comprises the steps of taking huperzia serrata extract, adjusting pH value to 1-7, filtering, adding filtrate to cation exchange resin, eluting with water to remove impurities, soaking the resin column with 0.5-20% saline solution, eluting with 0.5-20% saline solution containing acid or alcohol until no alkaloid is detected, collecting eluate, adding alkali to neutralize, desalting, concentrating and drying to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine total alkaloids from huperzia serrata. However, in the above patent method, the cation exchange resin does not selectively adsorb huperzia serrata alkaloids, and besides alkaloids, the huperzia serrata extract can be adsorbed (or partially adsorbed) by the cation exchange resin for components such as inorganic salts, amino acids, proteins, flavonoids, pigments and the like which are derived from raw materials, and no targeted separation and purification step is performed subsequently, so that the total alkaloid content of huperzia serrata obtained by the above method is low.
CN101396380A discloses a method for preparing total alkaloids from huperzia serrata extract, which comprises the steps of selecting dry huperzia serrata medicinal materials, crushing into coarse powder, firstly performing reflux extraction with dilute ethanol, filtering the extract, reserving filter residues, recovering ethanol from the filtrate under reduced pressure, continuously concentrating the liquid medicine under reduced pressure to obtain thick paste, obtaining crude total flavonoids, dissolving the crude total flavonoids with deionized water, filtering, performing column chromatography with macroporous adsorption resin, collecting diluted ethanol eluent, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain thick paste, and further crystallizing or purifying to obtain total flavonoids; mixing ethanol extraction residues and filter residues, drying, adding a proper amount of hydrochloric acid for soaking to fully expand, carrying out acidolysis, collecting acidolysis solution, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a thin paste, naturally cooling, adjusting pH with ammonia water, standing, filtering, collecting filtrate, extracting the filtrate with chloroform for 4-6 times, each time for about 20-30 minutes, collecting chloroform extract, recovering chloroform under reduced pressure, concentrating the liquid medicine into a paste, drying under reduced pressure to obtain crude total alkaloids, carrying out chromatography on the crude total alkaloids with chromatographic silica gel, eluting with chloroform and ethanol according to a certain proportion, collecting eluent with the same components, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a thick paste, and fully crystallizing with an organic solvent to obtain the total alkaloids. However, in the step of extracting the total flavonoids by ethanol reflux, part of the total alkaloids are leached by ethanol, which inevitably causes the yield of the subsequent total alkaloids to be lower.
The prevalence rate of the senile dementia in China is 2% -5%, and the prevalence rate gradually increases with the increase of age. At present, the annual new onset rate of senile dementia is about 1%, and the elderly can reach 10% -20%. The death rate of senile dementia is the 4 th death rate of common diseases, and is only second to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors and cerebral apoplexy. With the increasing aging of the social population, senile dementia is a health and social problem which is not negligible.
Because various alkaloids in the huperzia serrata extract have unique curative effect on the senile dementia, limited huperzia serrata resources are utilized, and the huperzia serrata extract is deeply developed and researched, so that the huperzia serrata extract has great practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provides a method for separating total alkaloids from the huperzia serrata extract, which is suitable for industrial production, has the advantages of continuous and simple process, strong operability, low production cost, safety, environmental protection, high content of various active ingredients and high yield, and is used for deeply developing the huperzia serrata extract.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for separating total alkaloids from huperzia serrata extract comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving: dissolving herba Lycopodii Serrati extract with organic solvent 1, and filtering to obtain extractive solution;
(2) back extraction: back-extracting the extractive solution with acid water containing surfactant, and mixing acid water layers;
(3) decoloring, filtering and concentrating: adding an adsorption decolorant into the acid water layer, stirring, decoloring, performing coarse filtration, filtering by using a nanofiltration membrane, and adjusting the pH value of the filtrate to be alkaline by using an alkaline solution after the filtrate is subjected to reduced pressure concentration;
(4) and (3) extraction: extracting the alkaline concentrated solution in the step (3) by using an organic solvent 2, combining organic layers, and washing the organic layers to be neutral;
(5) silica gel chromatography: passing the organic layer obtained in the step (4) through a silica gel chromatographic column, collecting effluent of the silica gel chromatographic column, concentrating and drying to obtain huperzia serrata total alkaloids;
preferably, in the step (1), the organic solvent 1 is at least one of dichloromethane, chloroform and ethyl acetate, and the amount of the organic solvent is 10-30 times (L/kg) of the weight of the huperzia serrata extract.
Preferably, in the step (2), the acid is an inorganic acid, specifically including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, and the mass percentage concentration of the acid water is 1-3%. The back extraction is preferably carried out for more than two times, and the using amount of acid water used in each back extraction is 30-60 times (L/kg) of the weight of the huperzia serrata extract. The aim of back extraction of the organic solvent solution of the huperzia serrata extract by using acid water is to utilize inorganic acid to react with alkaloid to generate corresponding salt (the salt is easily dissolved in the acid water and is in an ionic state) so as to completely transfer the alkaloid (including 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A, huperzine A and huperzine B) in the organic solvent solution into the acid water phase; fat-soluble components such as non-alkaloid and the like are largely retained in the organic phase after back extraction, so that the purpose of preliminarily separating alkaloid and non-alkaloid is realized. If the mass percentage concentration of the acid water is too low, the using amount of the acid water is too small or the times of back extraction are too few, the purpose cannot be fully achieved; if the mass percentage concentration of the acid water is too high, the using amount of the acid water is too much or the times of back extraction are too many, the energy and the materials are wasted.
Preferably, in the step (2), the surfactant is a cationic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant in a mass ratio of 1-2: 1-2, wherein the cationic surfactant is a long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, such as dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride; the nonionic surfactant is polyoxyethylene type surfactant, such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, polyoxyethylene alkylamine, polyoxyethylene alkylamide.
More preferably, the weight percentage of the surfactant in the acid water is 0.01-0.1%, preferably 0.02-0.05%. Adding a surfactant into the acid water, wherein the first purpose is to improve the back extraction efficiency and ensure that the huperzia serrata alkaloid is completely phase-converted into the acid water layer; secondly, the emulsion is prevented, and a certain demulsification effect is achieved. If the dosage of the surfactant is too small, the purpose cannot be achieved; if the surfactant is used in an excessive amount, the result will be contradictory, and the excessive amount of surfactant will aggravate the emulsification of the acid aqueous layer and the organic layer, resulting in a severely low yield of huperzine.
Preferably, in the step (3), the adsorption decolorant is diatomite, activated clay or activated carbon, and the dosage of the adsorption decolorant is 5-10% of the weight of the huperzia serrata extract. The purpose of the adsorption decolorant is to remove water-soluble pigments in the acid water layer.
Preferably, in the step (3), the stirring and decoloring time is 1-3 hours.
Preferably, in the step (3), the molecular weight cut-off of the nanofiltration membrane is 300-500 Da, and the pressure of the nanofiltration is 0.3-0.5 Mpa. The purpose of filtration with nanofiltration membranes is to remove high molecular weight water-soluble impurities (including surfactants) in the acid water layer. If the molecular weight cut-off of the nanofiltration membrane is too low or the pressure of nanofiltration is too low, the alkaloid salt cannot penetrate through the nanofiltration membrane, and exists in the cut-off liquid of the nanofiltration membrane together with macromolecular water-soluble impurities, so that the separation purpose cannot be achieved; if the trapped molecular weight of the nanofiltration membrane is too large or the pressure of nanofiltration is too large, alkaloid salt and macromolecular water-soluble impurities can permeate the nanofiltration membrane and exist in the permeate of the nanofiltration membrane together, and the separation purpose can not be achieved.
Preferably, in the step (3), the temperature of the reduced pressure concentration is 60-70 ℃, the vacuum degree is-0.08-0.09 Mpa, and the volume of the concentrated solution is 10-20 times (L/kg) of the weight of the huperzia serrata extract. The purpose of the reduced pressure concentration is to reduce the volume of the water phase and improve the concentration of the alkaloid salt, thereby reducing the use amount of the organic solvent in the subsequent extraction step and improving the yield of the extraction step.
Preferably, in the step (3), the alkali liquor is a sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the pH value after alkali adjustment is 9-12. The purpose of adjusting the pH value of the concentrated solution to be alkaline by using the alkaline solution is to react alkaloid salt in the concentrated solution with alkali to generate free alkaloid (molecular state), so that the solubility of the alkaloid in water is reduced, and the phase inversion of the alkaloid in the subsequent extraction step is facilitated.
Preferably, in the step (4), the organic solvent 2 is at least one of dichloromethane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Preferably, the extraction is carried out more than twice, and the dosage of the organic solvent used in each extraction is 20-30 times (L/kg) of the weight of the huperzia serrata extract. The purpose of extracting the alkaline concentrated solution by using the organic solvent is to utilize the principle that alkaloid salt (in an ionic state) in the concentrated solution reacts with alkali to generate free alkaloid (in a molecular state), the water solubility is reduced, and the fat solubility is increased, to convert all the alkaloid into an organic solvent phase, and a large amount of small-molecule water-soluble impurities are retained in an alkaline water layer after extraction, so that the alkaloid and the non-alkaloid are separated again. If the dosage of the organic solvent is too small or the extraction times are too few, the purpose cannot be fully achieved; if the dosage of the organic solvent is too much or the extraction times are too many, the energy and the materials are wasted.
Preferably, in the step (5), the silica gel is column chromatography silica gel, the amount of the silica gel is 5-10 times (L/kg) of the weight of the huperzia serrata extract, and the height-diameter ratio of the silica gel chromatography column is 2-8: 1, the flow rate of the organic layer passing through the silica gel chromatographic column is 0.2-1 BV/h. The purpose of passing the organic layer through a silica gel column is two: firstly, the principle that column chromatography silica gel only adsorbs fat-soluble pigment and does not adsorb alkaloid in a medium-polarity organic solvent environment is utilized to remove the fat-soluble pigment, so that the purpose of purifying the huperzia serrata total alkaloids is achieved (no eluent is needed for elution); and secondly, removing a small amount of water in the organic layer to prevent the subsequent concentration process from causing the degradation of alkaloid and low yield due to overhigh concentration temperature in the later period caused by the existence of water. If the amount of silica gel used for column chromatography is too small, the height-diameter ratio of the silica gel chromatographic column is too small or the flow rate of the silica gel chromatographic column is too high, the purpose cannot be fully achieved; if the consumption of silica gel for column chromatography is too much, the height-diameter ratio of the silica gel chromatographic column is too large or the flow rate of the silica gel chromatographic column is too low, the waste of energy and materials is caused.
Preferably, in the method for separating total alkaloids from serrate club moss extract according to the present invention, after obtaining serrate club moss total alkaloids by silica gel chromatography in step (5), step (6) may be further performed: high pressure preparative liquid chromatography for separating 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A, huperzine A and huperzine B: dissolving herba Lycopodii Serrati total alkaloids with mobile phase, diluting, injecting into high pressure preparative liquid chromatography column, and eluting with mobile phase; collecting eluate fractions of different time periods, concentrating and drying respectively to obtain high-purity 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A, huperzine A and huperzine B products.
Preferably, the packing material in the chromatography column is silica gel (C4, C6, C8, C12, C18) or a polymer (polystyrene, polyhydroxymethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol), preferably polyhydroxymethacrylate.
Preferably, a gradient elution mode is adopted, wherein the mobile phase I is an acetonitrile-water mixed solvent, the acetonitrile volume fraction is 10-15%, the mobile phase II is an acetonitrile-water-acetic acid mixed solvent, the acetonitrile-volume ratio is 15-25%, and the acetic acid volume ratio is 1-3%. The purpose of adding a small amount of acetic acid into the mobile phase is to prevent target components from tailing and crossing in the elution process, namely to prevent leakage of part of huperzine B before the huperzine A is not completely eluted, thereby being beneficial to full and rapid separation of the two target components. Because the polarity difference between huperzine A and huperzine B is very small, the huperzine A and the huperzine B cannot be effectively separated by adopting conventional elution.
Preferably, in the step (6), the column pressure of the high-pressure preparative liquid chromatography column is 3-10 Mpa; the particle size of the chromatographic packing is 5-20 mu m; the dosage of the chromatographic packing is 30-50 times (L/kg) of the total alkaloid weight of the oroxylum indicum; the height-diameter ratio of the chromatographic packing column is 2-3: 1; the flow rate of the mobile phase elution is 20-40 BV/h.
Preferably, in the step (6), under the condition of adopting a gradient elution mode, when the elution is started, the 10 th to 13 th min is an eluent fraction A, after the fraction A is collected, the mobile phase II is used, and under the same flow rate, the fraction B is collected for 15 th to 20 th min, and the fraction C is collected for 22 th to 30 th min.
Concentrating and drying the eluent fraction A, B, C to obtain high-content huperzine serrate alkaloid monomers respectively, namely 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A, huperzine A and huperzine B.
In the invention, 1BV is equal to 1 chromatographic silica gel packed column volume or 1 chromatographic filler packed column volume.
The principle of the method of the invention is as follows:
the alkaloid in the herba Lycopodii Serrati extract is in free molecular state, and is easily soluble in organic solvent and insoluble in water; after reacting with acid to form salt, the alkaloid is in an ionic state, is insoluble in organic solvent and is soluble in water. And (3) utilizing the difference, repeatedly carrying out phase inversion on the alkaloid through back extraction and extraction to achieve the aim of removing a large amount of impurities of different types, decoloring and nano-filtering by using an adsorption decoloring agent between the back extraction and the extraction, and carrying out silica gel column chromatography after the extraction to finally obtain the high-content total alkaloid of the thousand-layer column. The invention also utilizes high-pressure preparation liquid chromatography to further separate the huperzine A total alkaloids, and because the polarities of the 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A, the huperzine A total alkaloids and the huperzine B total alkaloids are different, a proper mobile phase is selected, and the alopecia is washed in a gradient manner, so that the high-purity alkaloid single product is finally separated, and the separation of the high-content 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A, the high-content huperzine A total alkaloids and the high-content huperzine B total alkaloids is realized.
The method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method not only provides a production method of high-content huperzia serrata total alkaloids, but also provides a production method for separating three huperzia serrata alkaloid monomers simultaneously, and realizes scientific, reasonable and maximum utilization of huperzia serrata extract resources.
(2) The total alkaloid product of the huperzia serrata and the three alkaloid monomer products obtained by the method have high content and high yield.
(3) The method has the advantages of large raw material handling capacity, small solvent consumption, difficult emulsification in the extraction process, short production period, coherent and simple process, strong operability, low production cost, safety and environmental protection, and is suitable for industrial production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The huperzia serrata extract used in the embodiment of the invention is purchased from hunan Huacheng biological resources GmbH, wherein the content of 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A is 0.36%, the content of huperzine A is 3.05%, the content of huperzine B is 1.12%, and the content of total alkaloids is 4.90%; the column chromatography silica gel used in the embodiment of the invention is purchased from Qingdao ocean chemical Co., Ltd; the nanofiltration membrane used in the embodiment of the invention is purchased from Nanjing Fulinde environmental protection science and technology Limited; the high-pressure preparative liquid chromatography used in the embodiment of the invention is purchased from Jiangsu Hanbang science and technology Limited; the adjuvants or chemicals used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available in the usual manner unless otherwise specified.
The column chromatography packing material polyhydroxy methacrylate is RSpak DM-614, C18 reverse phase silica gel is purchased from Qingdao Bangkai, the grain diameter is 10 μm, and the chromatography is pure.
In the embodiment of the invention, the content of 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A, huperzine A and huperzine B is determined by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) external standard method, and the content of total alkaloids is determined by an acid-base titration method.
Example 1
(1) Dissolving: dissolving herba Lycopodii Serrati extract 3kg with 90L ethyl acetate, and filtering to remove insoluble substances to obtain herba Lycopodii Serrati extract ethyl acetate solution;
(2) back extraction: using 2 wt% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution containing 0.01 wt% tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.03 wt% alkylphenol ethoxylates OP-30, back-extracting the huperzia serrata extract ethyl acetate solution twice (the amount of acid water used for the first back extraction is 150L, and the amount of acid water used for the second back extraction is 120L), and combining the acid water layers;
(3) decoloring, filtering and concentrating: adding 0.2kg of activated carbon into the acid water layer, stirring for decolorizing for 2 hr, coarse filtering, filtering with nanofiltration membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 500Da (filtering pressure 0.3Mpa), concentrating the nanofiltration membrane filtrate under reduced pressure at 65 deg.C and vacuum degree of-0.08 Mpa to volume of 60L, and adjusting pH of the concentrated solution to 10 with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution;
(4) and (3) extraction: extracting the alkaline concentrated solution in the step (3) by using dichloromethane, extracting twice (the dosage of the organic solvent extracted for the first time is 90L, and the dosage of the organic solvent extracted for the second time is 60L), combining organic layers, and washing the organic layers to be neutral for later use;
(5) silica gel chromatography: passing the organic layer in the step (4) through a silica gel chromatographic column at a flow rate of 0.5 BV/h (the using amount of silica gel for column chromatography is 25L, and the height-diameter ratio of the silica gel chromatographic column is 8: 1), collecting the effluent of the silica gel chromatographic column, concentrating and drying to obtain 0.148kg of the total alkaloids of the oroxylum indicum;
(6) high pressure preparative liquid chromatography for separation of huperzine A and huperzine B: dissolving huperzia serrata total alkaloids with mobile phase I (acetonitrile-water mixed solvent, wherein the volume ratio of acetonitrile is 13%), diluting the solution with solid concentration of 12%, injecting into high pressure preparative liquid chromatography column (column pressure is 15Mpa, the type of filler of the chromatography column is polyhydroxy methacrylate, the particle size of the chromatography filler is 10 μm, the dosage of the chromatography filler is 6L, and the ratio of height to diameter of the chromatography filler filled in the column is 2.3: 1), and eluting with mobile phase at the flow rate of 30 BV/h. And timing from the beginning of elution, collecting eluent fraction A at 11-12 min, after the fraction A is collected, replacing mobile phase II (acetonitrile-water-acetic acid mixed solvent, acetonitrile-volume ratio is 20%, acetic acid volume ratio is 1.3%), collecting eluent fraction B at 16-18 min, and collecting eluent fraction C at 24-28 min. Concentrating and drying the fraction A of the eluent to obtain a high-content 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A product; concentrating and drying the fraction B of the eluent to obtain a high-content huperzine A product; concentrating and drying the fraction C of the eluent to obtain the product with high content of huperzine B.
The content of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata obtained in this example is 95.09% and the yield of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata is 95.73% as determined by an acid-base titration method; the content of the 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A product obtained in the embodiment is 98.72 percent and the yield of the 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A product is 93.45 percent, which are determined by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) external standard method; the content of the huperzine A product obtained in the embodiment is 99.52 percent and the yield of the huperzine A product is 95.01 percent, which are determined by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) external standard method; the content of the huperzine b product obtained in this example was 99.89%, and the yield of the huperzine b product was 94.47%, as determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) external standard method.
Example 2
(1) Dissolving: dissolving herba Lycopodii Serrati extract 3kg with 75L dichloromethane, filtering to remove insoluble substances to obtain herba Lycopodii Serrati extract dichloromethane solution;
(2) back extraction: using 1.5 wt% sulfuric acid aqueous solution containing 0.02 wt% hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 0.02 wt% alkylphenol polyoxyethylene OP-30, back-extracting the methylene dichloride solution of the huperzia serrata extract, back-extracting twice (the using amount of acid water in the first back-extraction is 150L, the using amount of acid water in the second back-extraction is 150L), and combining acid water layers;
(3) decoloring, filtering and concentrating: adding 0.3kg of diatomaceous earth into the acid water layer, stirring for decolorizing for 3 hr, coarse filtering, filtering with nanofiltration membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 300Da (filtering pressure 0.5Mpa), concentrating the nanofiltration membrane filtrate at 60 deg.C and vacuum degree of-0.09 Mpa under reduced pressure to volume of 50L, and adjusting pH of the concentrated solution to 11 with potassium hydroxide aqueous solution;
(4) and (3) extraction: extracting the alkaline concentrated solution in the step (3) with chloroform for two times (the dosage of the organic solvent for the first extraction is 90L, and the dosage of the organic solvent for the second extraction is 60L), combining the organic layers, and washing the organic layers to be neutral;
(5) silica gel chromatography: passing the organic layer in the step (4) through a silica gel chromatographic column at a flow rate of 0.5 BV/h (the using amount of silica gel for column chromatography is 25L, and the height-diameter ratio of the silica gel chromatographic column is 8: 1), collecting the effluent of the silica gel chromatographic column, concentrating and drying to obtain 0.149kg of the total alkaloids of the oroxylum indicum;
(6) high pressure preparative liquid chromatography for separation of huperzine A and huperzine B: dissolving huperzia serrata total alkaloids with mobile phase I (acetonitrile-water mixed solvent, wherein the volume ratio of acetonitrile is 12%), diluting the solution with solid concentration of 12%, injecting into high pressure preparative liquid chromatography column (column pressure is 15Mpa, the type of filler of the chromatography column is polyhydroxy methacrylate, the particle size of the chromatography filler is 15 μm, the dosage of the chromatography filler is 6L, the ratio of height to diameter of the chromatography filler in the column is 2.0: 1), and eluting with mobile phase at the flow rate of 30 BV/h. And timing from the beginning of elution, collecting eluent fraction A at 11-12 min, after the fraction A is collected, replacing mobile phase II (acetonitrile-water-acetic acid mixed solvent, the acetonitrile-volume ratio is 17%, and the acetic acid volume ratio is 1%), collecting eluent fraction B at 17-20 min, and collecting eluent fraction C at 26-30 min. Concentrating and drying the fraction A of the eluent to obtain a high-content 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A product; concentrating and drying the fraction B of the eluent to obtain a high-content huperzine A product; concentrating and drying the fraction C of the eluent to obtain the product with high content of huperzine B.
The content of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata obtained in this example is 93.71%, and the yield of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata is 94.98%, as determined by an acid-base titration method; the content of the 6 β -hydroxy huperzine a product obtained in this example is 97.59% and the yield of the 6 β -hydroxy huperzine a product is 90.36% as determined by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) external standard method; the content of the huperzine A product obtained in the embodiment is 99.52 percent and the yield of the huperzine A product is 94.81 percent, which are determined by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) external standard method; the content of the huperzine b product obtained in this example was 98.85% and the yield of the huperzine b product was 93.77% as determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) external standard method.
Example 3
(1) Dissolving: dissolving 3kg of herba Lycopodii Serrati extract with 60L of chloroform, and filtering to remove insoluble substances to obtain chloroform solution of herba Lycopodii Serrati extract;
(2) back extraction: performing back extraction on the chloroform solution of the huperzia serrata extract by using 2.5 wt% of phosphoric acid aqueous solution containing 0.015 wt% of tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 0.03 wt% of fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester A105 (the dosage of acid water in the first back extraction is 180L, and the dosage of acid water in the second back extraction is 150L), and combining acid water layers;
(3) decoloring, filtering and concentrating: adding 0.3kg of activated clay into the acid water layer, stirring for decolorizing for 3 hr, coarse filtering, filtering with nanofiltration membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 300Da (filtering pressure 0.4Mpa), concentrating the nanofiltration membrane filtrate under reduced pressure at 70 deg.C and vacuum degree of-0.08 Mpa to volume of 50L, and adjusting pH of the concentrated solution to 10 with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution;
(4) and (3) extraction: extracting the alkaline concentrated solution in the step (3) by using ethyl acetate, extracting twice (the dosage of the organic solvent extracted for the first time is 90L, and the dosage of the organic solvent extracted for the second time is 90L), combining organic layers, and washing the organic layers to be neutral for later use;
(5) silica gel chromatography: passing the organic layer in the step (4) through a silica gel chromatographic column at the flow rate of 0.8 BV/h (the using amount of column chromatography silica gel is 30L, and the height-diameter ratio of the silica gel chromatographic column is 6: 1), collecting the effluent of the silica gel chromatographic column, concentrating and drying to obtain 0.146kg of the total alkaloids of the oroxylum indicum;
(6) high pressure preparative liquid chromatography for separation of huperzine A and huperzine B: dissolving huperzia serrata total alkaloids with mobile phase I (acetonitrile-water mixed solvent, wherein the volume ratio of acetonitrile is 15%), diluting the solution with solid concentration of 12%, injecting into high pressure preparative liquid chromatography column (column pressure is 15Mpa, the type of filler of the chromatography column is polyhydroxy methacrylate, the particle size of the chromatography filler is 15 μm, the dosage of the chromatography filler is 6L, the ratio of height to diameter of the chromatography filler in the column is 2.0: 1), and eluting with mobile phase at the flow rate of 30 BV/h. And timing from the beginning of elution, collecting fraction A of the eluent at 11-12 min, after the fraction A is collected, replacing a mobile phase II (acetonitrile-water-acetic acid mixed solvent, the acetonitrile-volume ratio is 25%, and the acetic acid volume ratio is 3%), collecting fraction B of the eluent at 15-17 min, and collecting fraction C of the eluent at 22-26 min. Concentrating and drying the fraction A of the eluent to obtain a high-content 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A product; concentrating and drying the fraction B of the eluent to obtain a high-content huperzine A product; concentrating and drying the fraction C of the eluent to obtain the product with high content of huperzine B.
The content of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata obtained in this example is 94.37% and the yield of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata is 93.73% as determined by an acid-base titration method; the content of the 6 β -hydroxy huperzine a product obtained in this example is 97.51% and the yield of the 6 β -hydroxy huperzine a product is 92.16% as determined by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) external standard method; the content of the huperzine A product obtained in the embodiment is 99.62% and the yield of the huperzine A product is 94.86% by the determination of a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) external standard method; the content of the huperzine b product obtained in this example was 97.58% and the yield of the huperzine b product was 93.95% as determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) external standard method.
Example 4
The other steps and conditions were the same as in example 1 except that in step (2), 1% aqueous hydrochloric acid was used.
The content of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata obtained in this example is 94.35% and the yield of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata is 92.27%, as determined by acid-base titration.
Example 5
The other steps and conditions were the same as in example 1 except that in step (2), 0.04% by weight of tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride was contained in the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution without alkylphenol ethoxylates OP-30.
The content of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata obtained in this example is 94.82%, and the yield of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata is 91.83%, as determined by acid-base titration.
Example 6
The other steps and conditions were the same as in example 1 except that in step (2), the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution contained 0.04% by weight of alkylphenol ethoxylate OP-30 and no tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride.
The content of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata obtained in this example is 93.57%, and the yield of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata is 90.62%, as determined by acid-base titration.
Example 7
The other steps and conditions were the same as in example 1 except that in step (2), 0.03% by weight of tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride and 0.03% by weight of alkylphenol ethoxylates OP-30 were contained in the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.
The content of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata obtained in this example is 95.12% and the yield of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata is 92.38% as determined by an acid-base titration method.
Example 8
The other steps and conditions were the same as in example 1 except that in the step (2), tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride was replaced with the same mass fraction of sodium dodecylsulfate in the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.
The content of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata obtained in this example is 95.09% and the yield of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata is 90.76%, as determined by acid-base titration.
Example 9
The other steps and conditions were the same as in example 1 except that in step (3), the molecular weight cut-off of the nanofiltration membrane was 700 Da. The content of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata obtained in this example is 86.74% and the yield of the total alkaloids of huperzia serrata is 92.52%, as determined by an acid-base titration method.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for separating total alkaloids from huperzia serrata extract comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving: dissolving the huperzia serrata extract with an organic solvent 1, and filtering to obtain an extracting solution, wherein the organic solvent 1 is dichloromethane, chloroform or ethyl acetate;
(2) back extraction: back-extracting the extractive solution with acid water containing surfactant, and mixing acid water layers; the acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, the mass percentage concentration of the acid water is 1.5-3%, back extraction is carried out for more than two times, the use amount of the acid water used in each back extraction is 30-60 times of the weight of the huperzia serrata extract, and the unit L/kg of the acid water is; the weight percentage of the surfactant in acid water is 0.02-0.05%, and the surfactant is a cationic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant according to a mass ratio of 1-2: 1-2, wherein the cationic surfactant is selected from at least one of tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride; the nonionic surfactant is selected from at least one of alkylphenol ethoxylates and fatty acid polyoxyethylene esters;
(3) decoloring, filtering and concentrating: adding an adsorption decolorant into the acid water layer, stirring, decoloring, performing coarse filtration, filtering by using a nanofiltration membrane, and adjusting the pH value of the filtrate to be alkaline by using an alkaline solution after the filtrate is subjected to reduced pressure concentration; the molecular weight cut-off of the nanofiltration membrane is 300-500 Da;
(4) and (3) extraction: extracting the alkaline concentrated solution in the step (3) by using an organic solvent 2, combining organic layers, and washing the organic layers to be neutral by using water, wherein the organic solvent 2 is dichloromethane, chloroform or ethyl acetate;
(5) silica gel chromatography: and (4) passing the organic layer obtained in the step (4) through a silica gel chromatographic column, collecting effluent of the silica gel chromatographic column, concentrating and drying to obtain the huperzia serrata total alkaloids.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the amount of the organic solvent 1 is 10 to 30 times the weight of the huperzia serrata extract in L/kg; in the step (4), the organic solvent 2 is used for extracting the alkaline concentrated solution in the step (3) for more than two times, and the dosage of the organic solvent 2 used for each extraction is 20-30 times of the weight of the huperzia serrata extract in sequence, and the unit L/kg.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the adsorption decolorant is diatomite, activated clay or activated carbon, and the amount of the adsorption decolorant is 5-10% of the weight of the huperzia serrata extract; and the nanofiltration pressure is 0.3-0.5 Mpa.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the stirring and decoloring time is 1-3 hours, the temperature of the reduced pressure concentration is 60-70 ℃, the vacuum degree is-0.08-0.09 Mpa, the alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the pH value after the alkali adjustment is 9-12.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the silica gel is column chromatography silica gel, the amount of the silica gel is 8-10 times of the weight of the huperzia serrata extract, the unit of the silica gel is L/kg, and the aspect ratio of the silica gel chromatography column is 6-8: 1, the flow rate of the organic layer passing through the silica gel chromatographic column is 0.5-0.8 BV/h.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the chromatography on silica gel in step (5) to obtain the total alkaloids of the huperzine serrate, step (6) is further carried out: adopting a gradient elution mode, wherein a mobile phase I is an acetonitrile-water mixed solvent, the volume fraction of acetonitrile is 12-15%, a mobile phase II is an acetonitrile-water-acetic acid mixed solvent, the acetonitrile-volume ratio is 17-25%, and the acetic acid volume ratio is 1-3%; high pressure preparative liquid chromatography for separating 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A, huperzine A and huperzine B: dissolving herba Lycopodii Serrati total alkaloids with mobile phase, diluting, injecting into high pressure preparative liquid chromatography column, and eluting with mobile phase; collecting eluate fractions of different time periods, concentrating and drying respectively to obtain high-purity 6 beta-hydroxy huperzine A, huperzine A and huperzine B products.
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