CN112402067A - 一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,包括如下步骤:患者进行足部CT扫描,CT扫描数据导入三维重建软件Mimics中,得到涵盖跖骨、趾骨髓腔的第1三维重建模型;将第1三维重建模型与第2三维重建模型进行布尔减运算,可得到第1模型(跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态模型);选择三维重建软件Mimics的模型分离功能,得到第2模型(跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态模型);跖趾关节假体头部与柄部分开设计,根据髓腔形态进行髓内柄个性化设计,根据足部跖骨、趾骨关节头部形态进行假体头部个性化设计;设计的髓内柄假体进行3D打印后进行扫描;将设计好的个性化跖趾关节假体模型进行打印。该方法制备跖趾关节假体具备个性化制造优势,髓内柄形态与髓腔形态匹配,关节假体头部与正常关节形态接近,可以最大程度满足患者需求并降低假体制造成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及人工跖趾关节假体技术领域,特别是涉及一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法。
背景技术
包括前足类风湿性关节炎在内的多种足部退变、创伤可导致足部跖趾关节的严重疼痛、重度畸形或者运动障碍,随着此类的疾病发生、进展,在不同程度上影响跖趾关节运动,最终导致跖趾关节功能障碍甚至关节炎、关节脱位,影响正常生活和工作。既往手术治疗方案为第1跖趾关节融合及2-5跖趾关节成型,不利因素为第1跖趾关节僵硬影响步态及前跖负重异常。作为多种跖趾关节活动障碍疾病治疗的最终手段:人工跖趾关节置换术,该技术可重建跖趾关节运动功能,恢复跖趾关节稳定性并矫正跖趾关节畸形,在改善跖趾关节外观的同时显著缓解病人疼痛,其开展已超过半个世纪并为人们所广泛接受。
人工跖趾关节置换术是临床跖趾关节功能障碍疾病(骨性关节炎、创伤性关节炎及类风湿性关节炎等)的重要治疗手段,由于跖趾关节结构的复杂性和特殊性,传统制造的人工跖趾关节仍存在不少问题,其远期效果不佳与并发症的发生限制了其更大的推广与应用,其中的重要原因就是假体材料选择与假体设计的不完善,例如美国WRIGHT公司的Swanson人工关节材质是硅胶,既不能纠正畸形,也不能承担剧烈运动,只能用于65岁以上活动量较小的老年人。3D打印技术的出现与发展,带来了优化人工跖趾关节材料选择以及完善假体设计与安装的新方法,并且与传统人工跖趾关节假体相比具有个性化、精准化、低成本的优势,更加符合我国医疗实际情况。
发明内容
本发明克服了现有技术中的缺点,提供了一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,针对临床跖趾关节活动障碍患者需要进行人工跖趾关节假体置换的需求,实现个性化的人工跖趾关节假体制备,假体髓内柄基于跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态个性化设计,关节头部基于跖趾关节头部解剖形态,更加符合解剖型假体设计与功能要求。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)患者进行足部CT扫描,获得CT扫描数据;(2)CT扫描数据导入三维重建软件Mimics中,设置相应阈值,得到涵盖跖骨、趾骨髓腔的第1三维重建模型;(3)通过三维重建软件Mimics再次设置阈值,得到只包含跖骨、趾骨骨质部分的第2三维重建模型,此阈值下,髓腔中无填充;(4)选择三维重建软件Mimics的布尔运算功能,将第1三维重建模型与第2三维重建模型进行布尔减运算,可得到第1模型(跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态模型);(5)选择三维重建软件Mimics的模型分离功能,剔除跖趾骨髓腔形态模型中多余部分,得到第2模型(跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态模型);上述步骤(2)(3)(4)(5)具体是采用三维重建软件Mimics13.01进行三维重建得到虚拟双足部骨骼三维模型,并利用设定阈值的不同得到涵盖髓腔、不涵盖髓腔的重建模型以及利用布尔运算得到髓腔形态。(6)将第2模型(跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态模型)导入Geomgaic Studio软件中,针对形态不足进行修复;(7)跖趾关节假体头部与柄部分开设计,根据髓腔形态进行髓内柄设计,根据跖骨、趾骨关节头部形态进行假体头部个性化设计;(8)选取合适髓内柄长度并进行髓内柄假体长径与周长的测量,根据测量数据进行髓内柄假体的个性化设计;上述步骤(7)(8)在进行假体设计时,假体头部与柄部分开设计,根据髓腔形态进行个性化髓内柄形态设计,并通过测量髓腔模型得到合适的髓内柄假体长径与周径进行数字化设计;根据跖骨、趾骨关节头部形态进行假体头部的个性化设计。(9)设计的髓内柄假体进行3D打印后进行扫描,得到扫描数据;(10)进行髓内柄假体、扫描数据及髓内柄形态的形态学对比验证;(11)当形态学验证可行,进一步匹配关节头部;(12)将设计好的个性化跖趾关节假体模型导入3D打印机进行打印,对于关节头部进行抛光即得到个性化假体。进一步,步骤(1)具体是患者进行双足CT扫描,并获得高精度CT扫描数据。进一步,所述步骤(6)针对形态不足进行修复,包括去除模型表面多余结构、进行适当光滑处理。
进一步,步骤(9)具体所采用的3D打印材料为光敏树脂。
进一步,步骤(9)具体所采用的3D打印材料为聚乳酸。
进一步,步骤(9)具体所采用的3D打印材料为聚醚醚酮PEEK材料。
进一步,步骤(10)具体是在计算机辅助检测软件Geomagic Qualify中进行个性化设计髓内柄假体,3D打印模型扫描数据以及髓内柄形态进行形态学对比验证。
进一步,步骤(12)中,进行打印的跖趾关节假体材料为钛金属粉末。
进一步,步骤(12)中,进行打印的跖趾关节假体材料为聚醚醚酮PEEK材料。
进一步,步骤(12)中,进行打印的跖趾关节假体材料为氧化铝基复合陶瓷材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:该方法制备跖趾关节假体具备个性化制造优势,髓内柄形态与髓腔形态匹配,关节假体头部与正常关节形态接近,可以最大程度满足患者需求并降低假体制造成本。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的限制,在附图中:
图1是本发明实施例2三维重建足部骨骼三维模型并得到髓腔形态模型的过程示意图。
图2是将髓腔形态模型导入Geomagic Studio软件中,进行模型形态的修复的过程示意图。
图3是跖趾关节假体头部与柄部分开设计,根据跖趾关节头部进行假体头部个性化设计,根据髓腔形态进行髓内柄个性化设计的过程结构示意图,
图4是假体植入体内后的影像学表现。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明,应当理解,此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)患者进行双足CT扫描,获得高精度CT扫描数据;
(2)扫描数据导入三维重建软件Mimics中,设置相应阈值,得到涵盖足部跖骨、趾骨髓腔的第1三维重建模型;
(3)再次设置阈值,得到只包含跖骨、趾骨骨质部分的第2三维重建模型,此阈值下,髓腔中无填充;
(4)选择软件中布尔运算功能,将第1三维重建模型与第2三维重建模型进行布尔减运算,可得到第1模型(跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态模型);
(5)选择软件模型分离功能,剔除第1模型(跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态模型)中多余部分,得到第2模型(跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态模型);
(6)将第2模型(跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态模型)导入Geomgaic Studio软件中,针对模型形态不足进行修复;
(7)跖趾关节假体头部与柄部分开设计,根据髓腔形态进行髓内柄设计,根据足部跖骨、趾骨关节头部形态进行假体头部个性化设计;
(8)选取合适髓内柄长度并进行髓内柄假体长径与周长的测量,根据测量数据进行髓内柄假体的个性化设计;
(9)设计的髓内柄假体进行3D打印后进行扫描,得到扫描数据;
(10)进行设计髓内柄假体、扫描数据及髓内柄形态的形态对比验证;
(11)形态学验证可行,进一步匹配关节头部;
(12)将设计好的个性化跖趾假体模型导入3D打印机进行打印,对于关节头部进行抛光及相关处理即得到个性化假体。多种疾病或者创伤都可导致跖趾关节的慢性疼痛、畸形或者运动障碍,随着此类的疾病发生、进展及转归,在不同程度上影响跖趾关节运动,最终导致足趾关节功能障碍,影响正常生活。人工跖趾关节置换术作为多种跖趾关节活动障碍疾病治疗的最终手段,该技术可重建跖趾关节运动功能,恢复跖趾关节稳定性并矫正跖趾关节畸形,在改善足趾关节外观的同时显著缓解病人疼痛。但由于跖趾关节结构的复杂性和特殊性,传统制造的人工跖趾关节仍存在不少问题,其远期效果不佳与并发症的发生限制了其更大的推广与应用。
当需要进行人工跖趾关节置换手术时,根据此方法可快速制造出个性化人工跖趾关节假体,假体柄部与髓内腔形态相匹配,假体头部与正常关节头部形态接近,可最大程度满足患者需求并降低假体制造成本。
实施例2
以第三跖趾关节髓内柄制备过程,对本实施例人工跖趾关节假体制备方法进行说明。
一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)采集双足CT高精度扫描数据;
(2)采用三维重建软件Mimics 13.01进行三维重建并进行布尔运算得到足部跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态模型,如图1所示。
(3)将髓内腔形态模型导入Geomagic Studio软件中,进行模型形态的修复,如图2所示。
(4)如图3所示,跖趾关节假体的头部与柄部分开进行设计,根据跖趾关节头部形态进行假体头部个性化设计,根据髓内腔形态进行髓内柄的个性化设计。
(5)根据设计的髓内柄形态模型,采用3D打印设备打印得到假体髓内柄实物模型。具体采用的3D打印材料为聚乳酸,设置3D打印机的打印属性,调整为高精度打印状态(此种状态下打印精度为0.2mm),调节3D打印机的打印平面,使3D打印机的喷头到打印平面的距离恰好可以顺滑地通过一张折叠的A4纸。接着,调节模型放置方式,使其与打印平面的接触面积最大化,此时打印模型获得最稳定体位,以提高打印的成功率并减少打印支架的形成,这样便提高了3D打印机的制造效率并且节约了3D打印材料。最后,设置3D打印机喷头的温度为210度,启动3D打印程序,喷头加热到预定的温度后,便开始逐层打印堆积,最终制造出假体髓内柄实物模型。首先得到髓内柄假体,假体放置于桌面扫描设备圆形旋转平台上,假体放置于合适位置。设定相关扫描参数,进行三维扫描并得到扫描数据图。
(6)在计算机辅助检测软件Geomagic Qualify中进行假体模型扫描数据、设计的髓内柄形态以及髓内腔形态进行形态对比验证。
(7)以上步骤的实施验证了本方法形态学上的可行性,最终完整的人工跖趾关节假体拟采用金属3D或PEEK或氧化铝基复合陶瓷材料通过3D打印机进行整体打印,并对关节头部进行抛光等相关细节的处理而最终得到该假体。
最后应说明的是:以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,但是凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:(1)患者进行足部CT扫描,获得CT扫描数据;(2)CT扫描数据导入三维重建软件Mimics中,设置相应阈值,得到涵盖足部跖骨、趾骨髓腔的第1三维重建模型;(3)通过三维重建软件Mimics再次设置阈值,得到只包含足部跖骨、趾骨骨质部分的第2三维重建模型,此阈值下,髓腔中无填充;(4)选择三维重建软件Mimics的布尔运算功能,将第1三维重建模型与第2三维重建模型进行布尔减运算,可得到第1模型(跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态模型);(5)选择三维重建软件Mimics的模型分离功能,剔除跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态模型中多余部分,得到第2模型(跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态模型);(6)将第2模型(跖骨、趾骨髓腔形态模型)导入Geomgaic Studio软件中,针对形态不足进行修复;
(7)跖趾关节假体头部与柄部分开设计,根据髓腔形态进行髓内柄设计,根据跖趾骨关节头部形态进行假体头部个性化设计;(8)选取合适髓内柄长度并进行髓内柄假体长径与周长的测量,根据测量数据进行髓内柄假体的个性化设计;(9)设计的髓内柄假体进行3D打印后进行扫描,得到扫描数据;(10)进行髓内柄假体、扫描数据及髓内柄形态的形态学对比验证;(11)当形态学验证可行,进一步匹配关节头部;(12)将设计好的个性化跖趾假体模型导入3D打印机进行打印,对于关节头部进行抛光即得到个性化假体。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)具体是患者进行足部CT扫描,并获得高精度CT扫描数据。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(6)针对形态不足进行修复,包括去除模型表面多余结构、进行适当光滑处理。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(9)具体所采用的3D打印材料为光敏树脂。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(9)具体所采用的3D打印材料为聚乳酸。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(9)具体所采用的3D打印材料为聚醚醚酮PEEK材料。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(10)具体是在计算机辅助检测软件Geomagic Qualify中进行个性化设计髓内柄假体,3D打印模型扫描数据以及髓内柄形态形态学对比验证。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(12)中,进行打印的跖趾关节假体材料为钛金属粉末。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(12)中,进行打印的跖趾关节假体材料为聚醚醚酮PEEK材料。
10.根据权利要求1所述一种人工跖趾关节假体制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(12)中,进行打印的跖趾关节假体材料为氧化铝基复合陶瓷材料。
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