CN112399694A - Annular plasma exciter and pneumatic excitation generating method thereof - Google Patents
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/02—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma
- H05H1/16—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma using externally-applied electric and magnetic fields
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ring-shaped plasma exciter, which comprises an insulating substrate, wherein a plurality of ring-shaped electrodes are sleeved on the insulating substrate, and a ring-shaped plasma channel is arranged between every two adjacent ring-shaped electrodes; a magnetic field generator that generates a magnetic field perpendicular to the insulating substrate and covering the plasma channel; and the power supply is respectively communicated with the two adjacent annular electrodes. The invention also discloses a method for generating the annular plasma by pneumatic excitation. The annular plasma exciter and the pneumatic excitation generating method thereof have the advantages of unique rotary pneumatic disturbance characteristic, higher excitation intensity, and more stable and controllable excitation intensity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ring-shaped plasma exciter and a pneumatic excitation generating method thereof, belonging to the technical field of plasma exciters.
Background
The plasma active flow control technology has the technical advantages of short response time, wide excitation frequency band and the like, and has potential application prospect in the aspect of improving the aerodynamic performance of an aircraft. The key component to implement this technology is the plasma actuator, which directly determines the performance of plasma flow control.
At present, the types of plasma exciters widely studied are dielectric barrier discharge plasma exciters, corona discharge plasma exciters, and the like. Their pneumatically actuated properties include mainly impact, heating and directional acceleration. It is shown from the publication that these actuators have a good excitation effect in the control of the low-speed separation flow, but in the high-speed gas flow, the excitation effect is generally poor because the excitation intensity is generally small.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides the toroidal plasma exciter and the pneumatic excitation generating method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a ring plasma exciter comprises an insulating substrate, a plurality of ring electrodes are sleeved on the insulating substrate, and a ring plasma channel is arranged between every two adjacent ring electrodes;
a magnetic field generator that generates a magnetic field perpendicular to the insulating substrate and covering the plasma channel;
and the power supply is respectively communicated with the two adjacent annular electrodes.
The sheathing means: the ring electrode at the innermost ring can be in a solid shape as long as the ring electrode can form the annular plasma channel with the adjacent ring electrode.
It should be pointed out that, the invention adopts the direct current power supply, the direct current power supply can stably generate the annular rotational flow plasma which rotates along one direction; the rotation direction of the plasma can be reversed along with the change of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the alternating current power supply due to the change of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the alternating current power supply.
In the invention, a power supply applies voltage to two adjacent annular electrodes, and an annular plasma channel is a discharge area; and the magnetic field and the electric field form an orthogonal electromagnetic field. The basic principle of the invention is as follows: the power supply applies voltage to two adjacent annular electrodes, discharge is carried out between the two annular electrodes, air in the plasma channel is ionized to generate charged particles, and the charged particles are subjected to Lorentz force in an electromagnetic field and can move directionally along the discharge electrodes; in the moving process, charged particles collide with neutral particles and transfer momentum to the neutral particles, so that pneumatic disturbance is generated macroscopically, and due to the fact that the electrodes are of annular structures, a disturbance mode with unique cyclone characteristics is formed, and a circular rotating plasma excitation effect is generated.
Compared with a dielectric barrier discharge plasma exciter, a synthetic jet plasma exciter and a corona discharge plasma exciter, the invention has the characteristics of impact, heating and unique rotary pneumatic disturbance on the pneumatic excitation characteristic, so that the excitation intensity of the invention is higher; and the discharge area of the invention is a closed annular structure, and the discharge has continuity during working, so that the excitation intensity is more stable and controllable.
In the invention, the discharge intensity is controlled by controlling the electric field intensity applied by the power supply, the larger the voltage of the power supply is, the larger the discharge intensity is, and the smaller the voltage of the power supply is, the smaller the discharge intensity is; the rotating speed of the plasma is controlled by controlling the magnetic field intensity, the rotating speed of the plasma is faster when the magnetic field intensity is larger, and the rotating speed of the plasma is faster and slower when the magnetic field intensity is smaller; so that a controllable adjustment of the excitation strength can be achieved by controlling the power supply and the magnetic field.
Preferably, the insulating substrate is sleeved with two annular electrodes.
In the scheme, a first annular electrode and a second annular electrode are arranged from outside to inside, the two annular electrodes form a first plasma channel, and a circle of annular swirling plasma is formed after the two annular electrodes are electrified.
Preferably, the insulating substrate is provided with at least two annular electrodes.
In the scheme, a first annular electrode, a second annular electrode, … … and an nth annular electrode are arranged from outside to inside, a first plasma channel, a second plasma channel, … … and an nth-1 plasma channel are formed between two adjacent annular electrodes from outside to inside, wherein n represents the number of the annular electrodes; the number of the ring electrodes can be set to be 3, 4, 5 or more according to the requirement, a plurality of plasma channels (the number of the plasma channels is one less than that of the ring electrodes) can be formed by two adjacent ring electrodes, a power supply is independently connected between each two adjacent ring electrodes, and the plasma of the multi-circle ring rotational flow can be generated when the plasma generating device is used.
Preferably, the power supply is a dc power supply.
In the scheme, the direct current power supply can stably generate the annular cyclone plasma rotating along one direction.
Preferably, the insulating substrate is sleeved with a plurality of coaxial ring electrodes.
In the scheme, the plurality of coaxial annular electrodes with the same shape generate plasmas with consistent channel width, so that the generated annular cyclone plasmas are more stable in rotation.
Preferably, the ring-shaped electrode has a circular ring shape.
In the scheme, the annular ring electrode forms annular rotational flow plasma.
Preferably, the ring electrode is elliptical in shape.
Preferably, the annular electrode is in a closed loop shape formed by connecting a plurality of arcs and/or straight lines end to end.
Preferably, the annular electrode is a polygon, and as a further optimization, an included angle of the polygon is subjected to rounding processing.
In the scheme, the included angle of the polygon is subjected to rounding treatment, so that charged particles can be prevented from being gathered at the included angle.
Preferably, the material of the ring electrode is copper or nickel.
In the scheme, the copper and the nickel have good conductivity, can be attached to the surface of the insulating substrate in an electroplating or sintering mode, and have good adhesion.
Preferably, the insulating substrate is made of oxide ceramic or nitride ceramic.
Preferably, the insulating substrate is made of alumina ceramic.
In the scheme, the oxide ceramic has high mechanical strength, electric insulation performance, high temperature resistance and chemical stability.
Preferably, a power resistor is further connected in series in the exciter.
In the scheme, a power resistor is connected in series in the discharge loop and used for preventing the exciter from being burnt out due to overlarge discharge current after discharge.
Preferably, the leads of the plurality of ring electrodes and the power supply are not intersected with each other.
Preferably, the insulating substrate is provided with a via hole positioned below the inner ring-shaped electrode and used for connecting a lead on the other surface of the insulating substrate, so that leads connected with the plurality of ring-shaped electrodes and a power supply are not intersected with each other.
In the scheme, the short circuit caused by the intersection of the leads is avoided.
Preferably, the insulating substrate is provided with a pad, and the pad is connected with the ring electrode through a lead so as to be connected with a power supply.
Preferably, the magnetic field generator is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.
Preferably, the magnetic field is a steady magnetic field.
In the scheme, the annular cyclone plasma can be stabilized by the constant and uninterrupted magnetic field.
An electric field is applied between two sleeved annular electrodes, and annular rotating plasma pneumatic excitation is generated between the two annular electrodes under the action of a magnetic field orthogonal to the electric field.
In the invention, a power supply applies an electric field to two adjacent annular electrodes, the two annular electrodes discharge electricity, air between the two annular electrodes is ionized to generate charged particles, and the charged particles are subjected to Lorentz force in a magnetic field and can make directional migration motion along the discharge electrodes; in the moving process, charged particles collide with neutral particles and transfer momentum to the neutral particles, so that pneumatic disturbance is generated macroscopically, and due to the fact that the electrodes are of annular structures, a disturbance mode with unique rotational flow characteristics is formed, and a circular rotating pneumatic excitation effect is generated.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device has unique rotary pneumatic disturbance characteristics;
2. the excitation intensity is larger, and the excitation intensity is more stable and controllable;
3, a plurality of annular swirling plasmas can be generated simultaneously.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a first schematic view of a plasma actuator;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic view of a plasma actuator;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first front surface of an insulating substrate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first backside of an insulating substrate;
FIG. 5 is a third schematic view of a plasma actuator;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a second front surface of an insulating substrate;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a second backside of an insulating substrate;
FIG. 8 is a fourth schematic view of a plasma actuator;
FIG. 9 is a third schematic front view of an insulating substrate;
FIG. 10 is a third backside view of an insulating substrate;
FIG. 11 is a fourth schematic front view of an insulating substrate;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a fifth front surface of an insulating substrate;
fig. 13 is a schematic view of a sixth front surface of an insulating substrate.
The labels in the figure are: 1-insulating substrate, 2-ring electrode, 3-plasma channel, 4-magnetic field generator, 5-power supply, 6-power resistor, 11-via hole, 12-lead wire, 13-pad, 21-first ring electrode, 22-second ring electrode, 23-third ring electrode, 24-fourth ring electrode, 31-first plasma channel, 32-second plasma channel, 33-third plasma channel.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a toroidal plasma actuator according to the present embodiment includes an insulating substrate 1 made of alumina ceramic, on which two ring electrodes 2 made of copper are sleeved, and a toroidal plasma channel 3 is formed between the two ring electrodes 2;
the permanent magnetic field generator 4 is arranged below the insulating substrate 1 and generates a magnetic field which is vertical to the insulating substrate 1 and covers the plasma channel 3;
the positive and negative poles of the direct current power supply 5 are respectively communicated with the two annular electrodes 2.
In the embodiment, the direct current power supply 5 applies a direct current electric field to the two annular electrodes 2, the two annular electrodes 2 discharge electricity, air in the plasma channel 3 is ionized to generate charged particles, and the charged particles are subjected to Lorentz force in the electromagnetic field to make directional migration motion along the discharge electrodes; in the moving process, charged particles collide with neutral particles and transfer momentum to the neutral particles, so that pneumatic disturbance is generated macroscopically, and due to the fact that the electrodes are of annular structures, a disturbance mode with unique rotational flow characteristics is formed, and a circular rotating pneumatic excitation effect is generated.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2-4, a toroidal plasma actuator according to the present embodiment includes an insulating substrate 1 made of silicon nitride ceramic, a first ring electrode 21 and a second ring electrode 22 which are made of nickel and coaxial are disposed on the insulating substrate 1, the first ring electrode 21 is circular, the second ring electrode 22 is circular, and a circular first plasma channel 31 is formed between the two ring electrodes 2;
the insulating substrate 1 is provided with a through hole 11 positioned below the second annular electrode 22, the second annular electrode 22 is communicated with a bonding pad 13 on the back surface of the insulating substrate 1 through a lead 12, the first annular electrode 21 is communicated with the bonding pad 13 on the front surface of the insulating substrate 1 through the lead 12, and the leads 12 of the two annular electrodes 2 are not intersected with each other, so that short circuit is avoided;
an electromagnetic ferromagnetic field generator 4 disposed below the insulating substrate 1, generating a steady magnetic field perpendicular to the insulating substrate 1 and covering the first plasma channel 31;
the positive pole of the direct current power supply 5 is communicated with the first annular electrode 21, and the negative pole is communicated with the second annular electrode 22; the circuit is also connected with a power resistor 6 in series for preventing the exciter from being burnt out due to overlarge discharge current.
In the present embodiment, the first plasma channel 31 generates a circular swirling plasma after being energized.
Of course, as an alternative, in other embodiments, the negative electrode of the dc power supply 5 is connected to the first annular electrode 21, and the positive electrode is connected to the second annular electrode 22, so as to generate the toroidal swirling plasma in the opposite direction to the rotation direction of embodiment 2.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 5-7, the toroidal plasma exciter of the present embodiment includes an insulating substrate 1 made of zirconia ceramic, a first ring electrode 21, a second ring electrode 22, and a third ring electrode 23 which are coaxial and made of copper are disposed on the insulating substrate 1 from outside to inside, the first ring electrode 21 and the second ring electrode 22 are circular, the third ring electrode 23 is circular, a circular first plasma channel 31 is formed between the first ring electrode 21 and the second ring electrode 22, and a circular second plasma channel 32 is formed between the second ring electrode 22 and the third ring electrode 23;
the insulating substrate 1 is respectively provided with via holes 11 positioned below the second annular electrode 22 and the third annular electrode 23, the second annular electrode 22, the third annular electrode 23 and a bonding pad 13 on the back surface of the insulating substrate 1 are respectively communicated through leads 12, the first annular electrode 21 is communicated with the bonding pad 13 on the front surface of the insulating substrate 1 through the leads 12, and the leads 12 of the three annular electrodes 2 are not intersected with each other, so that short circuit is avoided;
an electromagnetic ferromagnetic field generator 4 disposed below the insulating substrate 1, generating a steady magnetic field perpendicular to the insulating substrate 1 and covering the first plasma channel 31 and the second plasma channel 32;
two direct current power supplies 5, wherein the anode of one direct current power supply 5 is communicated with the first annular electrode 21, and the cathode is communicated with the second annular electrode 22; the positive pole of another direct current power supply 5 is communicated with the second annular electrode 22, and the negative pole is communicated with the third annular electrode 23. A power resistor 6 is connected in series in both circuits for preventing the exciter from being burnt out due to overlarge discharge current
In the present embodiment, after being powered on, the first plasma channel 31 and the second plasma channel 32 both generate circular swirling plasma.
Of course, as an alternative, in other embodiments, the polarities of the positive and negative electrodes of the two dc power supplies 5 may be switched as needed, so as to generate the circular swirling plasmas in different rotation directions in the first plasma channel 31 and the second plasma channel 32.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 8-10, the toroidal plasma exciter of this embodiment includes an insulating substrate 1 made of boron nitride ceramic, a first annular electrode 21, a second annular electrode 22, a third annular electrode 23, and a fourth annular electrode 24, which are made of nickel and are coaxial, are disposed on the insulating substrate 1 from outside to inside, the first annular electrode 21, the second annular electrode 22, and the third annular electrode 23 are circular, the fourth annular electrode 24 is circular, a circular first plasma channel 31 is formed between the first annular electrode 21 and the second annular electrode 22, a circular second plasma channel 32 is formed between the second annular electrode 22 and the third annular electrode 23, and a circular third plasma channel 33 is formed between the third annular electrode 23 and the fourth annular electrode 24;
the insulating substrate 1 is respectively provided with through holes 11 positioned below the second annular electrode 22, the third annular electrode 23 and the fourth annular electrode 24, the second annular electrode 22, the third annular electrode 23, the fourth annular electrode 24 and a bonding pad 13 on the back surface of the insulating substrate 1 are respectively communicated through leads 12, the first annular electrode 21 is communicated with the bonding pad 13 on the front surface of the insulating substrate 1 through the leads 12, and the leads 12 of the four annular electrodes 2 are not intersected with each other, so that short circuit is avoided;
a permanent magnetic field generator 4 disposed below the insulating substrate 1, generating a steady magnetic field perpendicular to the insulating substrate 1 and covering the first plasma channel 31, the second plasma channel 32, and the third plasma channel 33;
three direct current power supplies 5, wherein the anode of the first direct current power supply 5 is communicated with the first annular electrode 21, and the cathode is communicated with the second annular electrode 22; the anode of the second direct current power supply 5 is communicated with the second annular electrode 22, and the cathode is communicated with the third annular electrode 23; the anode of the third dc power supply 5 is connected to the third annular electrode 23, and the cathode is connected to the fourth annular electrode 24. And a power resistor 6 is connected in series in each of the three circuits and is used for preventing the exciter from being burnt out due to overlarge discharge current.
In the present embodiment, the first plasma channel 31, the second plasma channel 32 and the third plasma channel 33 all generate circular swirling plasma after being energized.
Of course, as an alternative, in other embodiments, the polarities of the positive and negative poles of the three dc power supplies 5 may be switched as needed, so as to generate the circular swirling plasmas in different rotation directions in the first plasma channel 31, the second plasma channel 32, and the third plasma channel 33.
Example 5
The embodiment discloses a method for generating annular plasma pneumatic excitation, which is characterized in that a direct current electric field is applied between two sleeved annular electrodes, and annular rotating plasma pneumatic excitation is generated between the two annular electrodes under the action of a magnetic field orthogonal to the electric field.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 11, the plurality of ring electrodes are not coaxial and can be energized to generate a toroidal swirling plasma.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 12, the shape of the ring electrode is an ellipse, and an elliptical toroidal swirling plasma can be generated.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 13, the ring-shaped electrode is a square with rounded included angles.
Of course, as an alternative, the shape of the ring electrode may be set as desired, and in other embodiments, the ring electrode is in the shape of a plurality of arcs and/or straight lines connected end to end forming a closed loop.
Of course, the number of ring electrodes is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the number of ring electrodes may be set to 5, 6, 7, 8 or more in other embodiments as needed.
Of course, as an alternative, in other embodiments the power supply may be an ac power supply, thereby creating a pneumatic energising effect in which the direction of swirl is alternately reversed.
In the above embodiment, since two adjacent ring electrodes are controlled by independent circuits, a plurality of ring-shaped swirling plasmas can be generated simultaneously by controlling the circuit switches, and part of the circuits can be turned on to generate the required ring-shaped swirling plasmas.
In conclusion, the annular plasma exciter and the pneumatic excitation generating method thereof have unique rotary pneumatic disturbance characteristics; the excitation intensity is larger, and the excitation intensity is more stable and controllable; a plurality of toroidal swirling plasmas can be generated simultaneously.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A toroidal plasma actuator, characterized by: the plasma tube comprises an insulating substrate (1), wherein a plurality of annular electrodes (2) are sleeved on the insulating substrate, and an annular plasma channel (3) is arranged between every two adjacent annular electrodes (2);
a magnetic field generator (4) that generates a magnetic field perpendicular to the insulating substrate (1) and covering the plasma channel (3);
and the power supply (5) is respectively communicated with the two adjacent annular electrodes (2).
2. The toroidal plasma actuator of claim 1, wherein: two annular electrodes (2) are sleeved on the insulating substrate (1).
3. The toroidal plasma actuator of claim 1, wherein: a plurality of coaxial annular electrodes (2) are sleeved on the insulating substrate (1).
4. The toroidal plasma actuator of claim 1, wherein: the ring-shaped electrode (2) is in a ring shape.
5. The toroidal plasma actuator of claim 1, wherein: the annular electrode (2) is made of copper or nickel.
6. The toroidal plasma actuator of claim 1, wherein: the insulating substrate (1) is made of oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics.
7. The toroidal plasma actuator of claim 1, wherein: the exciter is also connected with a power resistor (6) in series.
8. The toroidal plasma actuator of claim 1, wherein: and the insulating substrate (1) is provided with a via hole (11) positioned below the inner ring annular electrode (2).
9. The toroidal plasma actuator of claim 1, wherein: the magnetic field is a steady magnetic field.
10. A method for generating a toroidal plasma by pneumatic excitation, comprising: an electric field is applied between the two annular electrodes (2) which are sleeved, and annular rotating plasma pneumatic excitation is generated between the two annular electrodes (2) under the action of a magnetic field orthogonal to the electric field.
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| CN115683538A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-02-03 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Wind tunnel dust environment simulation device and method based on plasma excitation |
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