CN112390666A - Method for promoting formation of humus precursor in composting process - Google Patents
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- CN112390666A CN112390666A CN202011233295.9A CN202011233295A CN112390666A CN 112390666 A CN112390666 A CN 112390666A CN 202011233295 A CN202011233295 A CN 202011233295A CN 112390666 A CN112390666 A CN 112390666A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting formation of humus precursors in a composting process, and belongs to the technical field of waste recycling. The method is characterized in that potassium ions are added in the composting process to promote the formation of humus precursors in the composting process and prepare compost products; the potassium ions are from water-soluble potassium salts including potassium chloride, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the addition amount of potassium ions accounts for 0.5-3% of the total mass of the waste in the compost. The method can improve the content of polyphenol in the compost product by 11.8-79.4%, and is beneficial to the synthesis of humus; the humus content and the humification rate are respectively improved by 14.9-38.3 percent and 11.1-44.4 percent, and the obtained compost product has good fertilizer efficiency and high maturity; the polymerization degree of humus in the compost product is effectively improved by 16.7-40.0%, and the obtained compost product has good quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for promoting formation of humus precursors in a composting process, and belongs to the technical field of waste recycling.
Background
The humus is a colloidal substance formed by decomposing and converting organic matters by microorganisms, is generally black or dark brown, is a main component (50-65%) of soil organic matters, has moderate cohesiveness, can loosen clay and cohere sandy soil, is a good cementing agent for forming a granular structure, and is beneficial to maintaining and recovering soil fertility.
The compost is a clean and feasible method for recycling organic wastes and restoring the environment, and has important significance in evaluating the composting efficiency as the main component of the compost and the content of humus. In the composting process, organic matters in the wastes are degraded and converted by microorganisms and a series of complex biochemical reactions occur, so that the organic matters are converted into humus, and the content of the humus is an important mark for judging whether the compost is thoroughly decomposed. The higher the humus content, the better the compost maturity degree, and the better the fertilizer efficiency and soil remediation effect.
In the composting process, the precursors for the formation of humus comprise polyphenol, quinone, reducing sugar, protein and derivatives thereof and the like. Generally, the higher the precursor content, the higher the humic substance content. The degradation of organic matters in fermentation raw materials, namely waste, or the anabolism of microorganisms can generate humus precursor. At present, more researches are carried out on the ways of degrading and converting organic matters into precursors and synthesizing the precursors into humus, but most of the works are developed from the perspective of environmental chemistry, the relation between the precursors and the humus content in the aerobic composting process which is dominant in microbial conversion is less researched, and the research on how to promote the formation of the precursors and further improve the humus content is rare. In the aerobic composting process, microorganisms play a key role in participating in the biotransformation process of organic matters, the composting process is promoted through community succession and abundance change, the succession of functional community communities is possibly influenced by complex environment conditions of composting, and further the generation of precursors is influenced, so that the synthesis of humus and the composting degree are uncertain.
Polyphenols are one of the basic building blocks of humic substance synthesis, are important humic substance precursors, and mainly come from lignin cracking under the action of microorganisms and the synthesis of microorganisms. At present, no report about the addition of chemical substances to promote the formation of polyphenol and further promote the synthesis of humus is available.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for promoting the formation of humus precursors in a composting process, under the conditions of proper raw materials and fermentation reaction time, proper potassium ions are added, so that the metabolic activity of microorganisms can be effectively improved, the formation of polyphenol in the composting process is promoted, and the synthesis of humus and compost maturity are promoted.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for promoting the formation of humus precursors in a composting process, which is to add potassium ions in the composting process to improve the metabolic activity of microorganisms so as to promote the formation of humus precursors in the composting process and prepare a compost product; the potassium ion is derived from a water-soluble potassium salt including potassium chloride, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the addition amount of potassium ions accounts for 0.5-3% of the total mass of the waste in the compost.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of:
(1) mixing the sludge and the straws to obtain a fermentation raw material;
(2) adding potassium ions into the fermentation raw material in the step (1) for aerobic fermentation to obtain a compost product.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the excess sludge to the straws is (8-5): (2-5), and controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to be (15-35): 1, obtaining a fermentation raw material.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the water content of the fermentation raw material in step (1) is 50% to 65%, and the water content refers to the percentage of the weight of water in the fermentation raw material to the total weight.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), the sewage treatment excess sludge and the straw are mixed according to a mass ratio of 7:3, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is controlled to be 25, and the water content is controlled to be 55%, so as to obtain the fermentation raw material.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the stalks in the step (1) include corn stalks, rice straw stalks and/or rice hulls.
In one embodiment of the invention, the particle size of the straw in the step (1) is 0.5-2 mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the potassium ion in the step (2) is derived from potassium salts including potassium chloride, dipotassium hydrogenphosphate, potassium dihydrogenphosphate and the like.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of potassium ions added to the fermentation raw material in the step (2) is 0.5% to 3% of the total mass of the fermentation raw material.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the aerobic fermentation in the step (2) is to sequentially perform stirring, primary fermentation and secondary fermentation on the fermentation raw material to which the potassium ions are added.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the time for aerobic fermentation stirring in the step (2) is 15 to 60 min.
In one embodiment of the invention, the time of the aerobic fermentation primary fermentation in the step (2) is 7-14 d, and the ventilation rate is 4-10 m3/h。
In one embodiment of the invention, the time for the secondary fermentation of the aerobic fermentation in the step (2) is 7-14 days, and no artificial aeration is performed.
A second object of the invention is to provide a compost product obtained by applying the above method.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the compost product in the aspects of improving soil fertility, restoring polluted soil, improving air permeability and water permeability of soil, promoting plant growth and improving soil microbial ecology.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide a method for utilizing municipal sludge resources, which mixes the municipal sludge and straws to obtain fermentation raw materials; adding potassium ions into the fermentation raw materials for aerobic fermentation to prepare compost products; the potassium ion is derived from a water-soluble potassium salt including potassium chloride, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the addition amount of the potassium ions in the fermentation raw materials accounts for 0.5-3% of the total mass of the fermentation raw materials.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a method for promoting the formation of polyphenol in the composting process, and when the fermentation is finished, compared with a blank control, the method can improve the polyphenol content by 11.8-79.4%, is beneficial to the synthesis of humus, and has obvious advantages.
(2) The aerobic composting by the method can effectively promote the degradation and conversion of organic matters in the waste, and when the fermentation is finished, compared with a blank control, the degradation rate of the total organic carbon is improved by 2.5-4.6 percent, so that the environmental benefit is good.
(3) The method of the invention is used for aerobic composting, which can obviously improve the humus content and the humification rate, when the fermentation is finished, compared with a blank control, the humus content and the humification rate are respectively improved by 14.9-38.3 percent and 11.1-44.4 percent, and the obtained compost product has good fertilizer efficiency, high maturity and good economic benefit.
(4) The method of the invention is used for aerobic composting, which can effectively improve the polymerization degree of humus in compost products, when the fermentation is finished, compared with a blank control, the polymerization degree is improved by 16.7-40.0%, the aromaticity of humus in the obtained compost is increased, the structure is complex and stable, and the product quality is good.
(5) The potassium ions used by the method are water-soluble potassium salts including potassium chloride, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the substances are low in cost and have no toxic or side effect, and the compost produced by the method is low in cost and has no potential safety hazard.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of better illustrating the invention and is not intended to limit the invention thereto.
The sewage treatment excess sludge related to the following examples is sewage treatment excess sludge from a certain food factory in Jiangzhe area; the corn stover referred to in the examples below was purchased/derived from Henan; potassium chloride, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate referred to in the following examples were obtained from national institutes chemical Co., Ltd.
The detection methods referred to in the following examples are as follows:
detection method of carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio: the carbon-nitrogen ratio is the ratio of total organic carbon to Kjeldahl nitrogen, wherein the total organic carbon refers to the carbon content of organic matters in the raw material, and the Kjeldahl nitrogen refers to the nitrogen content measured by a Kjeldahl method and comprises organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the raw material, and is also called total nitrogen.
The total organic carbon is measured by potassium dichromate oxidation-spectrophotometry (HJ 615-2011), namely, under the heating condition, the organic carbon in the solid sample is oxidized by excessive potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid solution, and hexavalent chromium (Cr) in the potassium dichromate6+) Is reduced to trivalent chromium (Cr)3+) The content of which is proportional to the content of organic carbon in the sample, and the absorbance is measured at a wavelength of 585nm, based on trivalent chromium (Cr)3+) The organic carbon content was calculated.
Kjeldahl nitrogen is measured by adopting a Kjeldahl azotometer measuring method (HJ 717-. And (3) alkalizing the digested solution, distilling out ammonia, absorbing the ammonia by boric acid, titrating by using a standard hydrochloric acid solution, and calculating the content of Kjeldahl nitrogen in the sample according to the using amount of the standard hydrochloric acid solution.
The water content is measured by a gravimetric method (HJ 613-.
And (3) measurement of polyphenol content: weighing a certain amount of compost samples stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃, adding 80% methanol solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10(M: V), carrying out shaking leaching on a reciprocating horizontal shaking machine at the frequency of 150r/min at the temperature of 4 ℃ for 10min, then centrifuging in a centrifuge at the rotating speed of 10000r/min for 15min to remove suspended solids, washing the leaching solution by using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate respectively in the presence of ammonium sulfate (20%) and metaphosphoric acid (2%) to remove color, lipid, protein, carbohydrate and organic acid, and finally determining the content of polyphenol by using an improved Folin method.
The detection method of humus, humic acid and fulvic acid comprises the following steps: weighing a certain amount of compost samples stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃, and adding 0.1mol/L of sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10(M: V)And (3) performing shaking leaching on the sodium solution on a reciprocating horizontal shaking machine at the room temperature at the frequency of 150r/min for 1h, and then performing solid-liquid separation in a vacuum suction filter to obtain a leaching solution. 2mL of the leaching solution is taken, and the content of humus is determined by a potassium dichromate volumetric method. Another 20mL of the above leachate was added to a 50mL centrifuge tube and mixed with 0.5mol/L H2SO4Adjusting the pH value to 1.0-1.5, keeping the temperature of the mixture in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 30min, performing solid-liquid separation in a centrifuge at a rotating speed of 12000r/min, dissolving the precipitate with 0.5mol/L NaOH to obtain a precipitate, and measuring the content of humic acid by using a potassium dichromate volumetric method, wherein the content of fulvic acid is the difference value between humic acid and humic acid.
The rotting rate is the ratio of humic acid to total organic carbon content, and the higher the value is, the more organic matters in the waste are converted into humus.
The polymerization degree is the ratio of the humic acid to the fulvic acid, the higher the value is, the more complex the structure of the humus is, the higher the aromaticity is, and the more stable the structure of the humus is.
Example 1: method for promoting formation of humus precursor in composting process
The method comprises the following specific steps:
mixing the food factory sewage treatment excess sludge and corn straws with the grain size of 1mm according to the mass ratio of 7:3, and controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to be 25:1, obtaining a fermentation raw material with the water content of 55%, and then adding potassium chloride (KCl) into the fermentation raw material according to potassium ions accounting for 2% of the total mass of the fermentation raw material for aerobic fermentation to obtain a compost product; wherein the aerobic fermentation comprises sequentially stirring the fermentation raw materials added with potassium chloride, primarily fermenting for 20min, 7d, and 6m ventilating amount3And h, the time of secondary fermentation is 14 days, and manual aeration and ventilation are not needed. When the fermentation is finished, the polyphenol content of the compost product is measured to be 0.38mg/g, the total organic carbon content is 488.9mg/g, the humus content is 102.0mg/g, the humification rate is 0.21, and the polymerization degree is 3.7.
Example 2: method for promoting formation of humus precursor in composting process
The process differs from example 1 only in that: replacement of potassium chloride with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K)2HPO4) The other conditions are the same as example 1, and the specific steps are as follows:
mixing the food factory sewage treatment excess sludge and corn straws with the grain size of 1mm according to the mass ratio of 7:3, and controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to be 25:1, obtaining a fermentation raw material with the water content of 55%, and then adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate into the fermentation raw material according to potassium ions accounting for 2% of the total mass of the fermentation raw material for aerobic fermentation to obtain a compost product; wherein the aerobic fermentation comprises sequentially stirring the fermentation raw material added with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, primarily fermenting for 20min, and secondarily fermenting for 7d with ventilation of 6m3And h, the time of secondary fermentation is 14 days, and manual aeration and ventilation are not needed. When the fermentation is finished, the polyphenol content of the compost product is measured to be 0.61mg/g, the total organic carbon content is 480.4mg/g, the humus content is 122.8mg/g, the humification rate is 0.26, and the polymerization degree is 4.2.
Example 3: method for promoting formation of humus precursor in composting process
The process differs from example 2 only in that: replacing potassium chloride with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) The other conditions are the same as example 1, and the specific steps are as follows:
mixing the food factory sewage treatment excess sludge and corn straws with the grain size of 1mm according to the mass ratio of 7:3, and controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to be 25:1, obtaining a fermentation raw material with the water content of 55%, and then adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate into the fermentation raw material according to potassium ions accounting for 2% of the total mass of the fermentation raw material for aerobic fermentation to obtain a compost product; wherein the aerobic fermentation comprises sequentially stirring the fermentation raw material added with potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 20min, primary fermentation for 7d, and ventilation amount of 6m3And h, the time of secondary fermentation is 14 days, and manual aeration and ventilation are not needed. When the fermentation is finished, the polyphenol content of the compost product is measured to be 0.55mg/g, the total organic carbon content is 481.4mg/g, the humus content is 115.8mg/g, and the humus content is measured to be 115.8mg/gThe conversion rate was 0.25 and the degree of polymerization was 4.1.
Example 4: method for promoting formation of humus precursor in composting process
The process differs from example 2 only in that: adjusting the addition amount of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to be potassium ions accounting for 0.5 percent of the total mass of the fermentation raw materials, and the other conditions are the same as the conditions in the example 2, and the specific steps are as follows:
mixing the food factory sewage treatment excess sludge and corn straws with the grain size of 1mm according to the mass ratio of 7:3, and controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to be 25:1, obtaining a fermentation raw material with the water content of 55%, and then adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate into the fermentation raw material according to potassium ions which account for 0.5% of the total mass of the fermentation raw material for aerobic fermentation to obtain a compost product; wherein the aerobic fermentation comprises sequentially stirring the fermentation raw material added with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, primarily fermenting for 20min, and secondarily fermenting for 7d with ventilation of 6m3And h, the time of secondary fermentation is 14 days, and manual aeration and ventilation are not needed. When the fermentation is finished, the polyphenol content of the compost product is measured to be 0.39mg/g, the total organic carbon content is 491.0mg/g, the humus content is 111.1mg/g, the humification rate is 0.20, and the polymerization degree is 3.5.
Example 5: method for promoting formation of humus precursor in composting process
The process differs from example 2 only in that: adjusting the addition amount of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to be potassium ions accounting for 3 percent of the total mass of the fermentation raw materials, and the other conditions are the same as the example 2, and the specific steps are as follows:
mixing the food factory sewage treatment excess sludge and corn straws with the grain size of 1mm according to the mass ratio of 7:3, controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to be 25:1 and the water content to be 55% to obtain a fermentation raw material, and then adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate into the fermentation raw material according to potassium ions accounting for 3% of the total mass of the fermentation raw material for aerobic fermentation to obtain a compost product; wherein the aerobic fermentation comprises sequentially stirring the fermentation raw material added with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, primarily fermenting for 20min, and secondarily fermenting for 7d with ventilation of 6m3/h，The time of secondary fermentation is 14d, and manual aeration and ventilation are not needed. When the fermentation is finished, the polyphenol content of the compost product is measured to be 0.60mg/g, the total organic carbon content is 482.9mg/g, the humus content is 120.2mg/g, the humification rate is 0.24, and the polymerization degree is 4.0.
Comparative example 1: without adding potassium ions
The method comprises the following specific steps:
mixing the residual sludge of the sewage treatment of the food factory with corn straws with the grain size of 1mm according to the mass ratio of 7:3, controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to be 25:1 and the water content to be 55 percent to obtain a fermentation raw material, and performing aerobic fermentation on the fermentation raw material to obtain a compost product; wherein the aerobic fermentation comprises stirring fermentation raw materials, primary fermentation and secondary fermentation, the stirring time is 20min, the primary fermentation time is 7d, and the ventilation rate is 6m3And h, the time of secondary fermentation is 14 days, and manual aeration and ventilation are not needed. When the fermentation is finished, the polyphenol content of the compost product is measured to be 0.34mg/g, the total organic carbon content is 503.6mg/g, the humus content is 88.8mg/g, the humification rate is 0.18, and the polymerization degree is 3.0.
Comparative example 2: method for promoting formation of humus precursor in composting process
The process differs from example 2 only in that: adjusting the addition amount of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to be potassium ions accounting for 4% of the total mass of the fermentation raw materials, and the other conditions are the same as those in example 2, and the specific steps are as follows:
mixing the food factory sewage treatment excess sludge and corn straws with the grain size of 1mm according to the mass ratio of 7:3, controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to be 25:1 and the water content to be 55% to obtain a fermentation raw material, and then adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate into the fermentation raw material according to potassium ions accounting for 4% of the total mass of the fermentation raw material for aerobic fermentation to obtain a compost product; wherein the aerobic fermentation comprises sequentially stirring the fermentation raw material added with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, primarily fermenting for 20min, and secondarily fermenting for 7d with ventilation of 6m3And h, the time of secondary fermentation is 14 days, and manual aeration and ventilation are not needed. At the end of the fermentation, the polyphenol content of the compost product was measured to be 0.19mg/g, and there were alwaysThe organic carbon content is 512.2mg/g, the humus content is 51.2mg/g, the humification rate is 0.08, and the polymerization degree is 1.7.
Comparative example 3: method for promoting formation of humus precursor in composting process
The process differs from example 2 only in that: replacement of potassium chloride with potassium oxide (K)2O), the other conditions are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the specific steps are as follows:
mixing the residual sludge of the sewage treatment of the food factory with corn straws with the grain size of 1mm according to the mass ratio of 7:3, controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to be 25:1 and the water content to be 55 percent to obtain a fermentation raw material, and then adding potassium feldspar containing potassium oxide into the fermentation raw material according to potassium ions accounting for 2 percent of the total mass of the fermentation raw material for aerobic fermentation to obtain a compost product; wherein the aerobic fermentation comprises sequentially stirring the fermentation raw material added with potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 20min, primary fermentation for 7d, and ventilation amount of 6m3And h, the time of secondary fermentation is 14 days, and manual aeration and ventilation are not needed. When the fermentation is finished, the polyphenol content of the compost product is measured to be 0.33mg/g, the total organic carbon content is measured to be 505.1mg/g, the humus content is 89.0mg/g, the humification rate is measured to be 0.19, and the polymerization degree is measured to be 2.9.
TABLE 1
As is clear from the data in Table 1, the addition amount of potassium ion is preferably 0.5% to 3%, more preferably 2%, and when the addition amount is increased to 4%, the content of precursor polyphenol is rather decreased, and the humation effect is not satisfactory. Through multiple tests, the inventor finds that the addition amount of potassium ions accounts for 0.5-3% of the total mass of the waste in the compost, and the effect is good; if the content of potassium ions is too low, the effect is not obvious, but if the content of potassium ions is too high, the maintenance of intracellular osmotic pressure and the growth of microorganisms are not facilitated. Regarding the kind of potassium ion added, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate is more effective than potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, while potassium oxide is hardly effective.
The method can improve the content of polyphenol in the compost product by 11.8-79.4 percent, and is beneficial to the synthesis of humus; effectively promote the degradation and conversion of organic matters in the waste, improve the degradation rate of the total organic carbon by 2.5 to 4.6 percent and have good environmental benefit; the humus content and the humification rate are respectively improved by 14.9-38.3 percent and 11.1-44.4 percent, and the obtained compost product has good fertilizer efficiency, high maturity and good economic benefit; the polymerization degree of humus in the compost product is effectively improved by 16.7-40.0%, the aromaticity of the humus in the obtained compost is increased, the structure is complex and stable, and the product quality is good. In addition, the potassium ions used by the method are water-soluble potassium salts including potassium chloride, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the substances are low in cost and have no toxic or side effect, and the compost produced by the method is low in cost and has no potential safety hazard.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for promoting the formation of humus precursors in a composting process is characterized in that potassium ions are added in the composting process to promote the formation of the humus precursors in the composting process and prepare a compost product; the potassium ion is water-soluble potassium salt, including potassium chloride, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the addition amount of potassium ions accounts for 0.5-3% of the total mass of the waste in the compost.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the sludge and the straws to obtain a fermentation raw material;
(2) adding potassium ions into the fermentation raw material in the step (1) for aerobic fermentation to obtain a compost product.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of the sludge to the straws is (8-5): and (2) mixing the raw materials according to the proportion of (2) to (5), and controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to be 15-35 to obtain the fermentation raw material.
4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the aerobic fermentation in the step (2) is that the fermentation raw material added with potassium ions is subjected to stirring, primary fermentation and secondary fermentation in sequence.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the time for aerobic fermentation stirring in step (2) is 15-60 min.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the time of the aerobic fermentation primary fermentation in the step (2) is 7-14 d, and the ventilation rate is 4-10 m3/h。
7. The method as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the time for the secondary fermentation of the aerobic fermentation in the step (2) is 7 to 14 days.
8. A compost product prepared by the method of any of claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of the compost product of claim 8 for enhancing soil fertility, remediating contaminated soil, enhancing air and water permeability of soil, promoting plant growth, and improving microbial ecology of soil.
10. A method for utilizing municipal sludge resources is characterized in that the method mixes municipal sludge and straws to obtain fermentation raw materials; adding potassium ions into the fermentation raw materials for aerobic fermentation to prepare compost products; the potassium ion is water-soluble potassium salt, including potassium chloride, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the addition amount of the potassium ions in the fermentation raw materials accounts for 0.5-3% of the total mass of the fermentation raw materials.
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| CN114031431A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-02-11 | 燕山大学 | Humic acid-rich pig manure compost prepared from wine grape skin residues and method and application thereof |
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