CN112387780A - Novel steel rolling production process - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
- B21B1/18—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section in a continuous process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B15/00—Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B15/0007—Cutting or shearing the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/004—Heating the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B2201/00—Special rolling modes
- B21B2201/06—Thermomechanical rolling
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel steel rolling production process, which extrudes metal by a rolling mill to enable the metal to be plastically deformed to generate rolled steel, and the process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of blank preparation, steel heating, steel rolling, and steel finishing and warehousing. The invention provides a novel steel rolling production process, wherein steel is rolled by a two-type rolling mill, a hole type rolling method is adopted, the product types are few, and the production technology level is favorably improved and the professional characteristics are favorably exerted: the method has the advantages of less equipment configuration, high equipment utilization rate, less investment, high yield, energy conservation and emission reduction, and is suitable for large-scale centralized production; the production cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel rolling production processes, in particular to a novel steel rolling production process.
Background
Steel rolling, which refers to a press process of changing the shape of a steel ingot or billet between rotating rolls. The purpose of steel rolling is to obtain a steel material with a desired shape, and to improve the internal quality and mechanical properties of the steel.
The steel rolling production process flow is the combination and sequence of a series of procedures required for rolling steel ingots or steel billets into steel products with certain shapes, sizes and properties. The production process flow is different for different rolled products. The establishment of a steel rolling production process flow is one of important projects for designing a steel rolling workshop. At present, a steel rolling production process flow can be summarized into 3 basic diagrams, namely a carbon steel hot rolling production process flow diagram, an alloy steel hot rolling production process flow diagram and a cold machining production process flow diagram. In the carbon steel production process flow diagram, if the same steel is produced, different process flows can be adopted, and the technical and economic effects obtained by the process flows are different. Therefore, when the product process flow is customized, the required working procedures, the sequence of the working procedure arrangement, the specific content of each working procedure and the parameters thereof are correctly selected, so that the aims of high yield, high quality and low consumption can be achieved. In addition, with the improvement of the quality requirement of the rolled product, the expansion of the variety range and the application of new technology and equipment, the specific contents of the process flow and the working procedures of the rolled product can be correspondingly changed.
A steel rolling production process flow comprises the following basic procedures: namely, blank preparation, blank heating, steel rolling, cooling after rolling and finishing. The billet preparation can be used for producing billets or outsourcing billets for a steel converter, the billet heating is to heat a hot billet or a cold billet to a certain temperature, the steel rolling is to roll the billets into steel with a required shape through a rolling mill, and the cooling and finishing after the rolling are subsequent adjustments of the steel.
A 550mm x 6 diameter/450 mm x 6 diameter/350 mm x 6 diameter continuous rolling mill, which is a standard design in the steel rolling field, usually uses 150 (160) billets on the continuous rolling mill train for rolling round steel. The rolling process is adopted in the market at present, but with the increase of the yield of the steel converter, the rolling speed of the rolling process cannot follow the rhythm, so that a large number of billets are stocked, the production rhythm is influenced, the energy consumption is increased when cold billets are reheated, and the overall yield is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention aims to provide a novel steel rolling production process, which rolls steel by a two-type rolling mill and adopts a hole type rolling method, so that the product types are few, and the production process is favorable for improving the production technical level and playing the professional characteristics of the steel: the method has the advantages of less equipment configuration, high equipment utilization rate, less investment, high yield, energy conservation and emission reduction, and is suitable for large-scale centralized production; the production cost is low.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a novel process for producing a rolled steel by subjecting a metal to a rolling mill to be subjected to plastic deformation to produce a rolled steel, comprising the steps of: the method comprises the steps of blank preparation, steel heating, steel rolling, and steel finishing and warehousing.
Preferably, the step of heating the steel comprises:
and (1) feeding the blanks into a furnace, conveying the prepared blanks to a feeding rack, transferring the blanks forwards by the feeding rack, and putting the blanks on a feeding roller way one by a material taking device. Feeding the mixture into a heating furnace through a charging roller way;
step (2), heating the blank by a heating furnace according to a blank heating schedule and heating time;
and (3) tapping the blank, when the blank is heated in the step (2) and meets the rolling temperature, sending the blank out of the heating furnace through a furnace outlet roller way, and feeding the blank into a roughing mill group for rolling after high-pressure water descaling.
Further, in the step (2), in the blank heating, the heating furnace is a gas three-section continuous heating furnace, and the heating furnace is further provided with a thermocouple automatic temperature measuring instrument and an automatic balance recorder for measuring heating indexes in the furnace.
Further, in the step (2), the blank heating comprises a heating section I, a heating section II and a soaking section; the heating I section is slowly heated, the heating time is 90-120 minutes, and the furnace temperature is controlled to be about 900 ℃; the heating II section is rapid heating, the heating time is 60-90 minutes, the furnace temperature is controlled to be 1150-1180 ℃, and the furnace temperature of the soaking section is controlled to be 1250 ℃. The steel billet is heated to the temperature range controlled by the process to be rolled, and the steel has good plasticity, is beneficial to deformation, reduces the abrasion of parts of equipment, can adopt larger rolling reduction, reduces pass and increases the productivity of the machine.
Further, in the step of rolling the steel, rolling the steel billet by 18 high-rigidity short-stress-path rolling mills which are horizontally and vertically arranged in an alternating mode to obtain a finished product;
the rolling of the steel comprises the following steps:
step (a), rough rolling, wherein a billet obtained in the steel heating operation reaches the initial rolling temperature and is sent to a rolling machine through a conveying channel for rough rolling;
cutting the head, namely conveying the steel billet obtained in the step (a) to a 1# shear through a roller conveyor for cutting the head;
step (c), intermediate rolling, wherein the steel billet obtained in the step (b) is sent to a train for 6 passes of intermediate rolling;
step (d), finish rolling, namely, the steel billet obtained in the step (c) is sent to a train to be rolled for 6 times after reaching the middle rolling temperature;
and (e) carrying out multiple-length flying shear, namely carrying out multiple-length segmentation operation on the steel billet obtained in the step (d) through 3# shear.
Further, in the step (a), during rough rolling, the rough rolling unit comprises a flat rolling mill and a vertical rolling mill which are alternately arranged in sequence, wherein both the flat rolling mill and the vertical rolling mill are provided with 3 stands, and the diameters of the flat rolling mill and the vertical rolling mill are 550 mm;
in the step (c), in the middle rolling, the middle rolling unit comprises a flat rolling mill and a vertical rolling mill which are alternately arranged in sequence, wherein the flat rolling mill and the vertical rolling mill are both provided with 3 frames, and the diameters of the flat rolling mill and the vertical rolling mill are both 450 mm;
and (d) in the finish rolling, the finish rolling unit comprises a flat rolling mill and a vertical rolling mill which are alternately arranged in sequence, wherein the flat rolling mill and the vertical rolling mill are both provided with 3 stands, and the diameters of the flat rolling mill and the vertical rolling mill are both 350 mm.
Further, in the step (a), the initial rolling temperature in rough rolling is 1010-1100 ℃;
and (d) in the finish rolling, the finish rolling temperature is 850-950 ℃, and the finish rolling temperature is controlled to be higher than the recrystallization temperature for rolling.
Further, in the step (b), in the cutting head, the adopted shearing equipment is a shearing machine, and the shearing force is 100 and 160 tons;
in the step (e), in the multiple length flying shear, the shearing equipment used for the cutting operation is a gate shear, and the shearing force is 100-160 tons.
Further, the steps of finishing and warehousing of the steel comprise cooling bed cooling, sizing cooling, finished product inspection, metering and packaging and listing and warehousing;
cooling the product by the cooling bed, and conveying the product to the cooling bed for natural cooling by a cooling bed input roller way after the product is segmented to obtain a cooled rolled piece;
the cooling at fixed length is carried out, and the cooled rolled piece after passing the inspection is cut into steel with the specified fixed length by cold shears;
the steel products after being cut are transferred and counted by a chain type steel moving machine; then the steel is taken out by a steel taking device and put on a roller way, and the aligned bundled steel is conveyed to a bundling machine for tightening and bundling; the bundled steel materials are then transported to a rear collecting rack to be weighed, the labels are hung, and then the steel materials are hoisted to a finished product area by a crane to be stacked and delivered.
Further, in the sizing cooling, shearing equipment used for shearing the finished product is a shearing machine, and the shearing force is 850 tons; cutting the finished product according to the batch number, scaling the cut length to 12 m/9 m/6 m, allowing the deviation to be + 50-0 mm, and never allowing negative deviation; the end part of the steel bar is cut to be straight, and the local deformation does not influence the use; measuring the cutting length of a finished product by using a steel ruler with the length being more than or equal to 10m for the first cutting, and adjusting the sizing baffle in time if the cutting length of the finished product does not meet the cutting length;
during normal shearing, measuring the fixed-length of a finished product by using a steel ring ruler every half hour, and adjusting a fixed-length baffle in time if the fixed-length does not meet the requirement;
when the material is normally sheared, whether the upper blade and the lower blade are in good contact is checked every half an hour, the shearing edges are in the same clearance, the shearing counts meet the relevant guarantee regulations, when an elbow and other defects are found on the sheared finished product surface, the distance between the upper blade and the lower blade needs to be adjusted or replaced, and the distance between the upper blade and the lower blade is 3-6% of the height of the sheared material.
The invention provides a novel steel rolling production process, which rolls steel by a two-type rolling mill and adopts a hole type rolling method, so that the product types are few, the production technology level is favorably improved, and the professional speciality is played: the method has the advantages of less equipment configuration, high equipment utilization rate, less investment, high yield, energy conservation and emission reduction, and is suitable for large-scale centralized production; the production cost is low.
1) The yield of steel making is improved.
2) The intermittent time in the rolling process of steel rolling is reduced, and the yield of round steel in a workshop is effectively improved.
3) The section of the blank is increased, the rolling compression ratio is increased, the internal quality of the steel is improved, and the rolling qualification rate is improved.
4) The prior 190 square billet rolling process (taking round steel with the diameter of 25mm as an example):
a. the production capacity of steelmaking is released, and the daily yield of a 120-ton converter of the company is increased by 500 tons.
b. The yield of the round steel in the steel rolling workshop is increased from 4000 tons to 5000 tons (the diameter of the round steel is 50-70 mm).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a hole pattern system diagram of rolling round steel with the diameter of 25-70 mm by using 190 square billets;
FIG. 2 is a hole pattern diagram of 190 square billets rolled with round steel with the diameter of 25 mm;
FIG. 3 is a 190-square cloth view;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a novel steel rolling production process.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1 novel steel rolling production process
The invention provides a novel steel rolling production process, which extrudes metal by a rolling mill to enable the metal to be plastically deformed to generate steel rolling, and the process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of blank preparation, steel heating, steel rolling, and steel finishing and warehousing.
In the present invention, the purpose of heating the billet is to improve plasticity and reduce resistance to deformation to facilitate rolling. In the steel rolling step, a billet is rolled by a two-roll rolling mill, which is arranged in a continuous manner and is superior to other systems in terms of productivity, quality, and the like. The rolled steel products are HRB400, HRB400E, HRB500E, HRB600D and the like in hot rolled ribbed steel bars for reinforced concrete, have the specification of 8-40 mm in diameter, are the most common domestic steel products for construction at present, have smooth surfaces, accurate sizes and good mechanical properties, and meet the requirements of steel products in GB 1499.2-2018. In this embodiment, the longitudinal hot rolling adopted in the steel rolling, that is, the rolling method in which when a rolled object, i.e., a rolled piece, is heated to 950 to 1050 ℃, a billet is rolled by two opposite rotating directions, is the most common rolling method in the steel rolling production.
In order to explain the novel steel rolling production process in detail, the following is specifically explained by combining the figure 1:
after the continuous casting billets are subjected to supply, handling, checking and accepting quantity and supplier quality certificates, informing a quality control tube to handle, re-checking chemical components and surface quality and assembling, feeding the fixed-size billets from a heating section according to furnace batch numbers, feeding the fixed-size billets into a three-section continuous heating furnace for burning gas, heating the fixed-size billets to 950-1050 ℃ and tapping; and (3) steel rolling, namely conveying the rolled pieces to a machine line with the diameter of 550mm multiplied by 6 through a conveying channel, after rough rolling for 6 passes, conveying the rolled pieces to a 100T/160T hot shearing machine for cutting ends through a conveying roller way, then conveying the rolled pieces to a machine line with the diameter of 350mm multiplied by 6 for continuous rolling for multiple passes (according to process requirements) to obtain finished products, timely sampling and checking a K1 quality control point, conveying the finished products from holes to a stepping type cooling bed (12.5 multiplied by 108m) through a shaft conveying roller way through a multiple-length flying shear, naturally cooling, and simultaneously performing thermal checking. And (3) finishing and warehousing of steel, namely, after the steel is inspected, sending the steel into a 850-ton shearing machine to shear the finished product into a fixed length, then sending the steel to an inspection and packaging table (finished product inspection) through a conveying channel to carry out finished product inspection, then transferring the steel to an electronic wagon balance to be measured and packaged, and hoisting and warehousing the steel by hanging a brand.
The detailed steps are as follows:
a blank preparation step, which comprises the operation processes of blank inspection and blank cutting and trimming; and after the blank is qualified through inspection, the blank enters a blank cutting and trimming process.
The billet is a 190 x 190 square continuous casting billet, the surface of the continuous casting billet is required to be cleaned in the preparation of the billet, and a commonly used defect cleaning method is flame cleaning. If the surface of the billet is found to be defective, the billet is refitted according to the specified requirements by a hand-held sand wheel machine, and when the surface of the continuous casting billet is removed, the removing width is not less than 6 times of the depth, and the length is not less than 10 times of the depth. The defect part after the trimming should be smooth and have no edges and corners. The trimming depth of one side is not more than 8% of the length of the continuous casting edge, and the sum of the removing depths of two opposite sides is not more than 12% of the thickness.
The step of heating the steel comprises:
and (1) feeding the blanks into a furnace, conveying the prepared blanks to a feeding rack, transferring the blanks forwards by the feeding rack, and putting the blanks on a feeding roller way one by a material taking device. Feeding the mixture into a heating furnace through a charging roller way;
step (2), heating the blank by a heating furnace according to a blank heating schedule and heating time;
and (3) tapping the blank, when the blank is heated in the step (2) and meets the rolling temperature, sending the blank out of the heating furnace through a furnace outlet roller way, and feeding the blank into a roughing mill group for rolling after high-pressure water descaling.
In the step (2), the heating furnace is a gas three-section continuous heating furnace, and the heating furnace is also provided with a thermocouple automatic temperature measuring instrument and an automatic balance recorder for measuring heating indexes in the furnace.
And (3) in the blank heating in the step (2), the blank heating comprises a heating I section, a heating II section and a soaking section. The I section of heating is slowly heated, the heating time is 90-120 minutes, and the furnace temperature is controlled at about 900 ℃: the heating II section is rapid heating, the heating time is 60-90 minutes, the furnace temperature is controlled to be 1150-1180 ℃, and the furnace temperature of the soaking section is controlled to be 1250 ℃. The steel billet is heated to the temperature range controlled by the process to be rolled, and the steel has good plasticity, is beneficial to deformation, reduces the abrasion of parts of equipment, can adopt larger rolling reduction, reduces pass and increases the productivity of the machine.
And (3) in the blank tapping process, heating the blank to generate a steel blank, and when a worker receives a steel tapping signal sent by the rolling mill, tapping is carried out through the tapping machine according to the furnace batch number when the temperature meets the start-up temperature, namely 980-1030 ℃. And timely tapping when the rolling mill normally taps a steel signal. The steel tapping needs to be balanced according to the rhythm of the rolling mill and the temperature condition of steel, and the steel waiting phenomenon of the rolling mill is avoided as much as possible.
The heating step of the steel in the invention aims at improving the resistance to plastic deformation reduction, so that the following points need to be noticed:
(1) in the process of loading and unloading steel billets, whether the furnace number, the number and the sequence are consistent with the certificate or not should be checked frequently. And (4) sequentially charging and discharging according to related instructions by operators.
(2) If the furnace number and the number are not accordant or the semicolon mark is wrong, the shift manager or the production scheduling is informed immediately, and the furnace can be charged after the shift manager or the production scheduling is checked.
(3) For different steel grades, corresponding thermal regulation is executed, and the blank heating regulation and the heating time are shown in the table 1 in the heating process. After heating, the surface temperature difference of the same slab had a temperature deviation of 30 ℃ in the longitudinal direction. The temperature of the first rough rolling mill after the steel billet is discharged from the furnace is 980-1030 ℃, and the deviation is 20 ℃.
Table 1 shows a rolling schedule for rolling 190 square billets into 5 round steel with a diameter of 2 mm:
because the section of the billet is increased, the single weight of the billet is correspondingly increased, and in order to solve the bearing problem of the billet in the heating furnace, a method for reloading the billet and the like is adopted, namely: the space between the blanks in the furnace is enlarged, or the blank is empty, so that the weight of the 190 square billet in the furnace is basically equal to the weight of the blank in the furnace at 150, and the method is shown in figures 1 to 2.
The section of the blank is increased, the blank biting difficulty of the first rolling mill is higher during rolling, and in order to solve the problem, the problem of the large blank biting difficulty is solved by adopting a method of properly reducing the initial rolling temperature of the billet and properly reducing the linear speed of the rolling mill.
The invention correctly controls the heating temperature of the steel according to the requirements of the heating temperature schedule of the steel, and simultaneously ensures that the temperature difference of the billet along the length and the section is small and the temperature is uniform. Too high steel temperature increases heat consumption and oxidation, which easily causes heating defects and steel sticking, but too low steel temperature also increases power consumption, which easily causes accidents of rolling equipment. Therefore, the tapping temperature and the furnace temperature can be generally measured by an instrument by reasonably controlling the furnace temperature and correctly determining the heating temperature of the steel, but the temperature indicated by the instrument is generally the furnace gas temperature of a plurality of detection points in the furnace, and has certain limitation.
In addition, the heating equipment adopted in the embodiment is a coal gas burning continuous stepping heating furnace, so that the production cost is saved, and a thermocouple automatic temperature measuring instrument and an automatic balance recorder are arranged in the heating furnace and used for measuring the heating index in the furnace and ensuring the heating temperature of the material.
And a steel rolling step, wherein the rolled piece must be cut to the head and the tail in the steel rolling process so as to ensure that the rolling process is smoothly carried out. The end cutting, end cutting and cutting of the finished product are mainly used for cutting out deformed irregular parts at two ends of steel and obtaining specified fixed length. The specific sequence steps are as follows:
and in the steel rolling step, rolling the steel billet by 18 high-rigidity short-stress-path rolling mills which are horizontally and vertically arranged in an alternating mode to obtain a finished product.
Specifically, the rolling of the steel comprises the following steps:
step (a), rough rolling, wherein a steel billet obtained in the steel heating operation accords with the initial rolling temperature and is sent to a rolling mill with the middle diameter of 550mm through a conveying roller way to carry out rough rolling for 6 times, wherein the head and the tail of a rolled piece have the defects of blooming and the like, so that the biting is influenced, and the head and the tail must be cut in order to ensure the normal operation of a continuous rolling mill with the diameter of 450 mm;
and (b) cutting the head, wherein the billet obtained in the step (a) is conveyed to a hot shearing machine through a conveying channel for cutting the head. In the embodiment, the commonly used shearing equipment is a crank type flying shear, a rotary flying shear and a crank-rotary combined type, and the shearing force is 100-160 tons;
step (c), intermediate rolling, namely, sending the billet obtained in the step (b) to a rolling mill row with the diameter of 450mm for 6 passes;
step (d), finish rolling, namely, the billet obtained in the step (c) is sent to a rolling mill row with the diameter of 350mm to be subjected to middle rolling for 6 times after reaching the middle rolling temperature;
step (e), a multi-length flying shear, namely cutting the multi-length steel billet obtained in the step (d) one by one through a crank-rotation combined flying shear, thereby completing the whole rolling process;
in the step (a), during rough rolling, the rough rolling unit comprises a flat rolling mill and a vertical rolling mill which are alternately arranged in sequence, wherein both the flat rolling mill and the vertical rolling mill are provided with 3 stands, and the diameters of the flat rolling mill and the vertical rolling mill are 550 mm;
in the step (b), shearing equipment adopted in the head cutting is a shearing machine, the shearing force is 100-160 tons, and in the tail cutting operation, shearing equipment used in the tail cutting is gate shearing, and the shearing force is 100-160 tons;
in the step (c), in the middle rolling, the middle rolling unit comprises a flat rolling mill and a vertical rolling mill which are alternately arranged in sequence, wherein the flat rolling mill and the vertical rolling mill are both provided with 3 frames, and the diameters of the flat rolling mill and the vertical rolling mill are both 450 mm;
in the step (d), in the finish rolling, the finishing mill group comprises a flat mill and a vertical mill which are alternately arranged in sequence, wherein the flat mill and the vertical mill are both provided with 3 stands and the diameters of the flat mill and the vertical mill are both 350 mm; and 5-8 passes of hole-free rolling and single-line and twist-free continuous rolling are adopted. The productivity and quality are superior to other modes;
and (e) in the step (e), in the multiple-length flying shear, after the billet is rolled into a finished product, multiple-length segmentation is carried out through the segmentation flying shear.
Preferably, in the sizing cooling, the shearing equipment used for shearing the finished product is a shearing machine, and the shearing force is 850 tons; cutting the finished product according to the batch number, scaling the cut length to 12 m/9 m/6 m, allowing the deviation to be + 50-0 mm, and never allowing negative deviation; the end part of the steel bar is cut to be straight, and the local deformation does not influence the use; measuring the cutting length of a finished product by using a steel ruler with the length being more than or equal to 10m for the first cutting, and adjusting the sizing baffle in time if the cutting length of the finished product does not meet the cutting length;
in the multi-length flying shear, specifically, before a finished product rolled piece K1 comes out of a hole and enters a cooling bed, the finished product rolled piece K1 is flying sheared into multi-length lengths one by one according to a batch number, the multi-length lengths are multiples of 9 meters or 6 meters, and then the next procedure is cooling bed cooling.
In the case of a just rolling process, the rolling stock must be cut to the top and to the end in order to smooth the rolling process. The end cutting, end cutting and cutting of the finished product are mainly used for cutting off two deformed irregular parts of the steel and obtaining specified fixed length.
The initial rolling temperature in the steel rolling process is 1010-1100 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 850-950 ℃, the final rolling temperature is controlled to be higher than the recrystallization temperature for rolling, the deformation resistance is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the mechanical performance of the product is ensured.
Table 2 shows the reduction schedule of 190 square rolled steel with a diameter of 25 mm:
in this case, the operation of positioning and adjustment is also carried out, the guides being fixed on the cross beam, aligned with the pass, aligned with the grooves to be kept in line with the pass line and fixed firmly with the head (tongue tip) close to the groove edge, without having to touch the rolling, with the clearances defined as the inlet guides: rough rolling for 5-10 mm, medium rolling for 3-6m, and finish rolling for 2-3 mm; an outlet guide plate: rough rolling for 2-3 mm, medium rolling for 1-2 m, and finish rolling for 0.5-1 m.
Particularly, the optimal initial rolling temperature range in the manufacturing process is 980-1050 ℃, and the final rolling temperature range is 850-950 ℃; the final rolling temperature is controlled to be higher than the crystallization temperature for rolling, so that the deformation resistance is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the mechanical property of the product is ensured. The final temperature is controlled to be higher than the temperature of the finished product for rolling, so that the deformation resistance is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the mechanical property of the product is ensured.
It is noted that in the case of changing product specifications, changing a groove, etc., it is necessary to go through a trial rolling proof rolling process. Before trial rolling, the running conditions of all equipment of the production line are checked, and a trial rolling and sample correction can be performed only when the running is normal. And (3) in the process of trial rolling, trial rolling small pieces groove by groove, strictly checking whether the overall dimension of the red blank of each pass meets the technological dimension specification, if not, adjusting in time, and performing normal production until the red blank meets the specification.
And finishing and warehousing the steel, including cooling by a cooling bed, sizing and cooling, inspecting a finished product, metering and packaging, and listing and warehousing.
And cooling by the cooling bed, and conveying the finished product to the cooling bed for natural cooling by the cooling bed input roller way after the finished product is segmented to obtain a cooled rolled piece.
And (4) cutting the cooled rolled piece into steel with a specified fixed length by cold shears after the fixed-length cooling and the cooled rolled piece pass inspection.
The steel products after being cut are transferred and counted by a chain type steel moving machine; then the steel is taken out by a steel taking device and put on a roller way, and the aligned bundled steel is conveyed to a bundling machine for tightening and bundling; the bundled steel materials are then transported to a rear collecting rack to be weighed, the labels are hung, and then the steel materials are hoisted to a finished product area by a crane to be stacked and delivered.
The cooling bed adopted in the embodiment is a 12.5m x 108m stepping cooling bed, when a finished product enters the cooling bed, a finishing worker needs to spread the red steel out by straightening and leveling, and if a bent strip needs to be straightened at high temperature, the rolled piece surface is prevented from being scratched. And (4) rechecking the unqualified finished rolled pieces to below 300 ℃. And (3) naturally cooling the finished rolled piece to below 300 ℃ by a cooling bed, checking the external dimension and the surface quality every 15-30 minutes according to the batch number of the furnace, and performing other treatment on unqualified products.
Preferably, the shearing equipment used for shearing the finished product is a shearing machine with the shearing force of 850 tons, and the technical operation procedures used for shearing the finished product are as follows:
a. checking whether the equipment is normal or not during work attendance, and adding oil for lubrication;
b. checking whether the placement distance of the sizing baffle meets the cutting length specification of a finished product;
b-1, the finished product is sized to be 9 meters in length;
b-2, according to the requirements of users;
c. cutting according to the batch number of the furnace, wherein the cutting length is 9 meters, the allowable deviation is 0 +/-50 mm, and negative deviation is not allowed;
d. the end part of the steel bar is cut to be straight, the local deformation does not influence the measurement of the finished product cutting length by using a steel ruler with the length of more than or equal to 10m for the first cutting, and if the finished product cutting length does not meet the requirement, the sizing baffle is adjusted in time;
e. during normal shearing, measuring the fixed-length of a finished product by using a steel ring ruler every half hour, and adjusting a fixed-length baffle in time if the fixed-length does not meet the requirement;
f. when the material is normally sheared, checking whether the upper blade and the lower blade are in good contact every half an hour, wherein the shearing edge gap and the shearing count (according to the number and the specification) meet the specifications of the product process, and when an elbow and other defects are found on the sheared finished product surface, adjusting the distance between the upper blade and the lower blade or replacing the blades, wherein the distance between the upper blade and the lower blade is 3-6% of the height of the sheared material;
g. the head and tail must be cut off as required.
Finished product warehousing comprises finished product inspection, metering and packaging and listing and warehousing, the cut finished steel products are uniformly paved on an inspection and packaging table, and the finished steel products are bundled and rolled according to the specification after the inspection is finished; and (3) inspecting the external dimension and the surface quality of the finished steel product one by one according to the furnace number every 15-20 minutes strictly according to the national standard GB1499-2018, and inspecting the geometric dimension and the fixed length of the finished steel product by using a vernier caliper steel tape. After the surface quality of the external dimension of the finished steel product is qualified through inspection, chemical components and mechanical properties are tested according to the specification of GB1499-2018 according to batch inspection, qualified products are bundled according to the specification of national standard GB1499-2018, and unqualified products have obvious marks when put into a well in another type.
When changing the furnace number, the steel on the checking and packing table is rolled and hung with a label according to the specification to enter a finished product warehouse, and the mark label of the next furnace is taken to the previous procedure.
Finished product warehouse entry process operation procedures:
(1) the inspected steel is put in a warehouse by weighing according to the batch number of the furnace, and the number mixing is avoided;
(2) the fixed-length steel and the non-fixed-length steel are respectively put into a warehouse after passing through pounds, and are classified and pushed after filling in a weight bill, and obvious marks are formed;
(3) when steel products are put in storage, the grades and the furnace numbers are required to be distinguished, and the steel products are not mixed;
(4) all the steel products which are qualified through inspection must be marked according to relevant regulations;
(5) before warehousing, a warehousing bill is required to be taken by an inspector, warehousing can be carried out only through confirmation and verification, and unverified steel is not warehoused uniformly;
(6) all the steel products which can not be put in storage in time need to be classified according to the specification and furnace number and have obvious marks;
(7) unqualified products are not fed into a finished product warehouse.
The setting of quality control points in the invention:
preparing a steel billet into a first quality control point, and detecting chemical components, external dimensions, surface quality and the like of the steel billet; the heating procedure and the furnace temperature detection are second quality control points, and the temperature of the high-temperature section of the heating furnace is measured; taking the K9 pass as a third quality inspection point, and visually inspecting the rolling temperature and measuring the red reduction size; the K1 pass is the fourth quality inspection point, and the finishing rolling temperature is visually observed to measure the size of the red billet. During the operation of the equipment, the worker should check every 30 minutes, and the quality control points K9 and K1 record 1 time per hour.
The rolling of the steel of the invention is carried out by a two-type rolling mill, and a hole type rolling method is adopted, so that the product variety is less, the production technical level is favorably improved, the professional speciality is exerted, and the aims of high yield, high quality and low consumption are achieved; the method has the advantages of less equipment configuration, high equipment utilization rate, less investment, high yield, energy conservation and emission reduction, and is suitable for large-scale centralized production; the production cost is low.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A novel steel rolling production process is characterized in that metal is extruded by a rolling mill to be plastically deformed to produce rolled steel, and the process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of blank preparation, steel heating, steel rolling, and steel finishing and warehousing.
2. A novel process for producing rolled steel as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of heating the steel comprises:
step (1), feeding blanks into a furnace, conveying the prepared blanks to a feeding rack, transferring the blanks forwards by the feeding rack, putting the blanks on a feeding roller way one by a material taking device, and conveying the blanks into a heating furnace through the feeding roller way;
step (2), heating the blank by a heating furnace according to a blank heating schedule and heating time;
and (3) tapping the blank, when the blank is heated in the step (2) and meets the rolling temperature, sending the blank out of the heating furnace through a furnace outlet roller way, and feeding the blank into a roughing mill group for rolling after high-pressure water descaling.
3. A novel steel rolling production process according to claim 2, characterized in that in the step (2), the heating furnace used in the blank heating is a gas three-stage continuous heating furnace, and the heating furnace is further provided with a thermocouple automatic temperature measuring instrument and an automatic balance recorder for measuring the heating index in the furnace.
4. A novel steel rolling production process according to claim 3, characterized in that in the step (2), the blank heating comprises a heating I section, a heating II section and a soaking section;
the heating I section is slowly heated, the heating time is 90-120 minutes, and the furnace temperature is controlled to be about 900 ℃;
the heating stage II is rapid heating, the heating time is 60-90 minutes, and the furnace temperature is controlled to be 1150-1180 ℃;
the furnace temperature of the soaking section is controlled at 1250 ℃.
5. A novel steel rolling production process according to claim 2, wherein the steel rolling step is to roll the steel billet by 18 high-rigidity short-stress-path rolling mills which are arranged horizontally and vertically in an alternating manner to obtain a finished product;
the rolling of the steel comprises the following steps:
step (a), rough rolling, namely, sending a billet obtained in the steel heating operation to a rolling mill through a conveying channel to carry out rough rolling for 6 times when the temperature reaches the initial rolling temperature;
cutting the head, namely conveying the steel billet obtained in the step (a) to a 1# shear through a roller conveyor for cutting the head;
step (c), intermediate rolling, wherein the steel billet obtained in the step (b) is sent to a train for 6 passes of intermediate rolling;
step (d), finish rolling, namely, sending the steel billet obtained in the step (c) to a finishing temperature for 6 passes of rolling;
and (e) carrying out multiple-length flying shear, namely carrying out multiple-length segmentation operation on the steel billet obtained in the step (d) through 3# shear.
6. A novel steel rolling production process as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step (a), the roughing mill group comprises a flat mill and a vertical mill which are alternately arranged in sequence, wherein the flat mill and the vertical mill are both provided with 3 stands and have diameters of 550 mm;
in the step (c), in the middle rolling, the middle rolling unit comprises a flat rolling mill and a vertical rolling mill which are alternately arranged in sequence, wherein the flat rolling mill and the vertical rolling mill are both provided with 3 frames, and the diameters of the flat rolling mill and the vertical rolling mill are both 450 mm;
and (d) in the finish rolling, the finish rolling unit comprises a flat rolling mill and a vertical rolling mill which are alternately arranged in sequence, wherein the flat rolling mill and the vertical rolling mill are both provided with 3 stands, and the diameters of the flat rolling mill and the vertical rolling mill are both 350 mm.
7. A novel steel rolling production process as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step (a), the initial rolling temperature in rough rolling is 1010-1100 ℃;
and (d) in the finish rolling, the finish rolling temperature is 850-950 ℃, and the finish rolling temperature is controlled to be higher than the recrystallization temperature for rolling.
8. The novel steel rolling production process as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step (b), the shearing device used in the end cutting is a shearing machine, and the shearing force is 100 and 160 tons;
in the step (e), in the multiple length flying shear, the shearing equipment used for the cutting operation is a gate shear, and the shearing force is 100-160 tons.
9. A novel steel rolling production process according to claim 1, wherein the steps of finishing and warehousing of the steel include cooling bed cooling, sizing cooling, finished product inspection, metering and packaging, and listing and warehousing;
cooling the product by the cooling bed, and conveying the product to the cooling bed for natural cooling by a cooling bed input roller way after the product is segmented to obtain a cooled rolled piece;
the cooling at fixed length is carried out, and the cooled rolled piece after passing the inspection is cut into steel with the specified fixed length by cold shears;
the steel products after being cut are transferred and counted by a chain type steel moving machine; then the steel is taken out by a steel taking device and put on a roller way, and the aligned bundled steel is conveyed to a bundling machine for tightening and bundling; the bundled steel materials are then transported to a rear collecting rack to be weighed, the labels are hung, and then the steel materials are hoisted to a finished product area by a crane to be stacked and delivered.
10. A novel process for producing rolled steel according to claim 9,
in the sizing cooling, shearing equipment used for shearing the finished product is a shearing machine, and the shearing force is 850 tons; cutting the finished product according to the batch number, scaling the cut length to 12 m/9 m/6 m, allowing the deviation to be + 50-0 mm, and never allowing negative deviation; the end part of the steel bar is cut to be straight, and the local deformation does not influence the use; measuring the cutting length of a finished product by using a steel ruler with the length being more than or equal to 10m for the first cutting, and adjusting the sizing baffle in time if the cutting length of the finished product does not meet the cutting length;
during normal shearing, measuring the fixed-length of a finished product by using a steel ring ruler every half hour, and adjusting a fixed-length baffle in time if the fixed-length does not meet the requirement;
when the material is normally sheared, whether the upper blade and the lower blade are in good contact is checked every half an hour, the shearing edges are in the same clearance, the shearing counts meet the relevant guarantee regulations, when an elbow and other defects are found on the sheared finished product surface, the distance between the upper blade and the lower blade needs to be adjusted or replaced, and the distance between the upper blade and the lower blade is 3-6% of the height of the sheared material.
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