CN112385840B - 一种低gl谷物源营养特膳食品及其加工方法 - Google Patents

一种低gl谷物源营养特膳食品及其加工方法 Download PDF

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CN112385840B
CN112385840B CN202011108990.2A CN202011108990A CN112385840B CN 112385840 B CN112385840 B CN 112385840B CN 202011108990 A CN202011108990 A CN 202011108990A CN 112385840 B CN112385840 B CN 112385840B
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缪铭
周晓
李赟高
杨玉琪
张涛
金征宇
刘知远
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Jiangnan University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种低GL谷物源营养特膳食品及其加工方法，属于健康食品加工技术领域。本发明以大宗粮谷作物为原料，通过其与3‑脱氧花青素含量大于3mg/100g的天然植物浸提液以及富含硫的植物或动物蛋白质进行混合，使得含硫蛋白质与3‑脱氧花青素互作实现淀粉颗粒原位包裹，即可制备得到低GI且慢消化淀粉含量高的谷物源营养特膳食品。本发明方法不仅工艺绿色环保、操作工序简单、生产成本低，而且产品实现餐后血糖平缓释放，可作为糖代谢异常人群代餐食品、长跑运动员食品、中小学营养早餐食品等。

Description

一种低GL谷物源营养特膳食品及其加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种低GL谷物源营养特膳食品及其加工方法，属于健康食品加工技术领域。
背景技术
随着我国经济的发展，人民生活水平显著提高，人们对食品安全与营养的需求日益迫切，与此同时，与膳食结构和生活习惯相关的非传染性慢性病及代谢综合症患者剧增。据调查，我国目前肥胖超重者近3亿，糖耐量受损者约1.5亿，糖尿病患者超过0.9亿。这些慢性疾病及其危险因素水平的快速上升趋势，已成为威胁我国人民健康的突出问题。世界卫生组织(WHO)对影响人类健康因素的评估结果表明，膳食营养因素(13％)对健康的作用仅次于遗传因素(15％)，且大于医疗因素(8％)。因此，在保障食品安全的前提下，膳食干预和营养调控已经成为提高健康水平、保障改善民生最迫切需要加强的环节，其中，日常饮食的干预则是关键。
谷物是我国居民日常主食的典型食品，也是机体摄入能量的最主要来源，占能量总摄入量的55％-75％，其“质”与“量”都直接影响着餐后血糖代谢与能量平衡的调节。目前，市场上销售的一些缓释能量食品主要是添加异麦芽酮糖、阿拉伯糖、普鲁兰多糖、阿卡波糖、白芸豆提取物等外源加工物质来实现功能的，这些产品通过部分抑制消化酶的催化活性，导致淀粉消化降解速率减缓从而产生餐后低血糖峰值的现象，但临床实验证明大量食用上述产品容易导致胰岛素抵抗、能量平衡紊乱等代谢综合症。因此，亟需寻找一种营养价值高且血糖负荷低的谷物源营养特膳食品的加工方法，以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种营养价值高、保健功能好、血糖负荷低的谷物源营养特膳食品的加工方法。本发明加工方法具有工艺简单、技术先进、安全性高、过程易于控制、可连续化生产等特点，易于工业化生产。
具体的，本发明首先提供了一种低GL谷物源营养特膳食品的加工方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1)称取一定质量的天然植物组织粉碎，并按照重量比1:3-1:10添加浓度为1-5wt％的醋酸溶液，置于30-50℃水浴中浸提处理5-120min后收集上清液，即得到天然植物浸提液；
(2)将粮谷作物粉碎至100-120目，然后按质量计，将粮谷作物粉末70～100份、蛋白质0～30份、占粮谷作物粉末和蛋白质总质量的0.01-3wt％的天然植物浸提液和适量水混合均匀，制备得到面团或面糊，按照通用米面食品制作工艺即可制得低GL谷物源营养特膳食品。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，优选的，所述面团蛋白质的含量不少于10份。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述天然植物组织为高粱、甘蔗、玉米、山茶、苦苣苔、葡萄、藜麦、青稞、苔藓、蕨类等植物的花、叶、茎中的任意一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述天然植物浸提液中的3-脱氧花青素含量大于3mg/100g。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述粮谷作物为稻米、小麦、大麦、燕麦、玉米、谷子、高粱、小米、莜麦、糜子、杂豆、马铃薯中的任一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述蛋白质为富含硫的植物或动物蛋白质中的一种或几种，优选为卵清蛋白、麦谷蛋白、大豆分离蛋白、乳球蛋白等中的一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述通用米面食品制作工艺包括但不限于面条、馒头、包子、油炸食品、烘焙食品等米面食品制作工艺，也可参见美国谷物化学家国际协会出版《Principles of Cereal Science and Technology》中的制作工艺。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述适量水为30～90份。
其次，本发明还提供了上述方法制备得到的低GL谷物源营养特膳食品。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所制备获得的低GL谷物源营养特膳食品的GI<55且GL<10。
再次，本发明还提供了包含上述低GL谷物源营养特膳食品的食品。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述食品包含并不限于特医食品、运动员专用食品和营养食品，慢消化淀粉含量>50％。
最后，本发明提供了上述低GL谷物源营养特膳食品在食品、医药领域的应用。
本发明有以下优点：
(1)本发明的原料采用国内市场上普通销售的粮谷作物，原料来源广、不受产地和季节的限制，易于工业化；
(2)本发明采用食品基质组分组装技术，即通过含硫蛋白质与3-脱氧花青素互作实现淀粉颗粒原位包裹，可显著降低终端产品GL，保证产品的高营养价值；同时本发明采用清洁生产工艺，对环境基本无污染；
(3)本发明技术的使用能够实现连续化生产，工序简单，易于自动控制；
(4)本发明的产品具有防病、治病、维系人体健康的功能，不仅满足糖尿病等患者特医食品的标准要求(GI<55，参见特殊医学用途配方食品通则GB 29922-2013)，也可作为运动员专用产品能量缓释产品或健康人群的理想营养食品(慢消化淀粉含量>40％，欧盟食品安全局EFSA规定健康效应值)，市场前景广阔，经济和社会效益显著。
具体实施方式
血糖指数GI和血糖当量GL测定：依据人体进食50g食物后所引起的餐后血糖应答曲线下面积增幅计算获得，其中血糖浓度采用GOD-POD比色法测定；血糖当量GL为食物中可利用碳水化合物质量与GI值的乘积。
3-脱氧花青素的测定方法：采用Agilent 1200HPLC系统分析，色谱柱ZORBAXXDB，5μm，4.6×250mm。流动相A：1％甲酸，流动相B：80％甲醇-1％甲酸。梯度洗脱：0～5min100％A；5～50min100％A→20％A+80％B。流速1mL/min，柱温30℃，进样量20μL。
慢消化淀粉含量测定：参照Englyst方法，在模拟体外肠道消化(pH5.2)条件下待测样品与混酶溶液(α-淀粉酶和糖化酶)在37℃水浴中以160r/min振荡反应20min和120min后,取0.5ml上清液，采用GOD-POD比色法测定葡萄糖含量。慢消化淀粉含量为＝(G120-G20)×0.9/W，其中G20─水解20min后产生的葡萄糖量(mg)；G120─水解120min后产生的葡萄糖量(mg)；W一待测样品量(mg)。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
称取5g的山茶叶粉碎并按照重量比例1:3添加质量百分比浓度1％醋酸溶液，置于30℃水浴浸提处理60min后收集上清液(经测定，3-脱氧花青素的含量为3.2mg/100g)；将小麦经机械碾磨粉碎至120目，然后按质量比小麦粉90份、大豆分离蛋白10份、添加小麦粉和蛋白总量计1％的山茶叶浸提液混合均匀，再加55份水搅拌制成小麦面团，并参照面条食品制作工艺制得营养特膳食品。
经过测定，制备得到的面条的GI＝51且GL＝8.9，慢消化淀粉含量54％，因此，属于低GL谷物源营养特膳食品。
实施例2
称取10g的高粱幼苗粉碎并按照重量比例1:10添加质量百分比浓度1％醋酸溶液，置于30℃水浴浸提处理15min后收集上清液(经测定，3-脱氧花青素的含量为5.0mg/100g)；将稻米经机械碾磨粉碎至100目，然后按质量比稻米粉70份、卵清蛋白30份、添加粮谷粉和蛋白总量计3％的高粱苗浸提液混合均匀，再加45份水搅拌制成稻米面团，并参照烘焙食品制作工艺制得营养特膳食品。
经过测定，制备得到的面条的GI＝48且GL＝9.4，慢消化淀粉含量65％，因此，属于低GL谷物源营养特膳食品。
实施例3
称取10g的甘蔗茎秆粉碎并按照重量比例1:8添加质量百分比浓度3％醋酸溶液，置于40℃水浴浸提处理100min后收集上清液(经测定，3-脱氧花青素的含量为3.1mg/100g)；将玉米经机械碾磨粉碎至110目，然后按质量比玉米粉90份、麦谷蛋白10份、添加玉米粉和蛋白总量计2％的甘蔗茎秆浸提液混合均匀，再加38份水搅拌制成玉米面团，并参照馒头食品制作工艺制得营养特膳食品。
经过测定，制备得到的面条的GI＝52且GL＝9.0，慢消化淀粉含量52％，因此，属于低GL谷物源营养特膳食品。
对比例1
称取5g的山茶叶粉碎并按照重量比例1:3添加质量百分比浓度1％醋酸溶液，置于30℃水浴浸提处理60min后收集上清液(经测定，3-脱氧花青素的含量为3.2mg/100g)；将小麦经机械碾磨粉碎至120目，然后按质量比小麦粉90份、添加小麦粉总量计1％的山茶叶浸提液混合均匀，再加40份水搅拌制成小麦面团，并参照面条食品制作工艺制得面条。
经过测定，制备得到的面条的GI＝62且GL＝14.3，慢消化淀粉含量34％。
对比例2
将小麦经机械碾磨粉碎至120目，然后按质量比稻米粉90份、大豆分离蛋白10份混合均匀，再加55份水搅拌制成小麦面团，并参照面条食品制作工艺制得面条。
经过测定，制备得到的面条的GI＝59且GL＝13.8，慢消化淀粉含量32％。
对比例3
称取1g的山茶叶粉碎并按照重量比例1:15添加质量百分比浓度1％醋酸溶液，置于30℃水浴浸提处理60min后收集上清液(经测定，3-脱氧花青素的含量为1.7mg/100g)；将小麦经机械碾磨粉碎至120目，然后按质量比小麦粉90份、添加小麦粉总量计1％的山茶叶浸提液混合均匀，再加55份水搅拌制成小麦面团，并参照面条食品制作工艺制得面条。
经过测定，制备得到的面条的GI＝58且GL＝14.2，慢消化淀粉含量34％。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉此技术的人，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可做各种的改动与修饰，因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (7)

1.一种低GL谷物源营养特膳食品的加工方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1) 称取一定质量的天然植物组织粉碎，并按照重量比1:3-1:10添加浓度为1-5 wt%的醋酸溶液，置于30~50℃水浴中浸提处理5-120min后收集上清液，即得到天然植物浸提液；
(2) 将粮谷作物粉碎至100-120目，然后按质量计，将粮谷作物粉末70~100份、蛋白质10~30份、占粮谷作物粉末和蛋白质总质量的0.01 wt%-3wt%的天然植物浸提液和适量水混合均匀，制备得到面团或面糊，按照通用米面食品制作工艺制得低GL谷物源营养特膳食品；
所述天然植物浸提液中的3-脱氧花青素含量大于3mg/100g；
所述蛋白质为富含硫的植物或动物蛋白质中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低GL谷物源营养特膳食品的加工方法，其特征在于，所述天然植物组织为高粱、甘蔗、玉米、山茶、苦苣苔、葡萄、藜麦、青稞、苔藓、蕨类的花、叶、茎中的任意一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1~2任一所述的一种低GL谷物源营养特膳食品的加工方法，其特征在于，所述粮谷作物为稻米、小麦、大麦、燕麦、玉米、谷子、高粱、小米、莜麦、糜子、杂豆、马铃薯中的任一种或几种。
4.权利要求1~3任一所述的一种低GL谷物源营养特膳食品的加工方法制备得到的低GL谷物源营养特膳食品。
5.根 据权利要求4所述的低GL谷物源营养特膳食品，其特征在于，所述低GL谷物源营养特膳食品的GI<55且GL<10。
6.包含权利要求4或5所述的低GL谷物源营养特膳食品的食品。
7.根据权利要求6所述的食品，其特征在于，所述食品包括特医食品、运动员专用食品。
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