CN112385476A - Industrialized white beech mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents
Industrialized white beech mushroom cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112385476A CN112385476A CN202011309636.6A CN202011309636A CN112385476A CN 112385476 A CN112385476 A CN 112385476A CN 202011309636 A CN202011309636 A CN 202011309636A CN 112385476 A CN112385476 A CN 112385476A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention discloses an industrialized white beech mushroom cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing materials: mixing and stirring the raw materials uniformly to obtain a culture material, wherein the water content of the culture material is controlled to be 63-67%, and the pH value is 7.5-8.0; (2) preparing a cultivation bag; (3) sterilizing; (4) cooling; (5) inoculating; (6) culturing hyphae; (7) cultivating; (8) opening the bag to promote bud formation; (9) fruiting; (10) picking mushrooms; the method realizes the industrial cultivation of the white beech mushroom, has low production cost, improves the conversion rate of nutrient components in the culture medium, and improves the yield and the quality of the white beech mushroom.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an industrial white beech mushroom cultivation method, which is used for the industrial cultivation of white beech mushrooms.
Background
The white beech mushroom is a rare edible mushroom, and the mushroom body is white as jade and is crystal clear; the white beech mushroom has fine texture, crisp, tender and fresh mushroom body, sweet and delicious taste, is favored by domestic and foreign markets, is 'golden branch jade leaf' in edible mushrooms, and has the effects of easing pain, calming, relieving cough and reducing sputum, relaxing bowels and expelling toxin, reducing blood pressure and the like. At present, white beech mushroom production enterprises generally produce according to experience, and have certain blindness, which also causes instability of production yield and quality of the enterprises, and the technology for improving the yield and quality of white beech mushroom produced in factories has a great research space.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an industrial white beech mushroom cultivation method, and improving the yield and quality of white beech mushroom production.
In order to solve the technical problem, the industrial white beech mushroom cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: the raw materials are mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain the compost, the water content of the compost is controlled to be 63% -67%, and the pH value is 7.5-8.0.
The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of coarse wood chips, 5-8 parts of fine wood chips, 8-12 parts of bagasse, 15-20 parts of cottonseed hulls, 25-30 parts of corncobs, 10-13 parts of bran, 4-5 parts of soybean meal, 5-8 parts of corn flour and 1-3 parts of lime. Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of coarse wood chips, 5 parts of fine wood chips, 12 parts of bagasse, 15 parts of cottonseed hulls, 30 parts of corncobs, 13 parts of bran, 4 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of corn flour and 1 part of lime.
(2) Preparing a cultivation bag: the culture material is filled into a plastic bag, the plastic bag filled with the culture material is sleeved with a lantern ring, and a plastic pin cover is inserted.
(3) And (3) sterilization: placing the cultivation bag in an autoclave, introducing steam to start heating, wherein the pressure reaches 1.2-1.5 kg/cm2, and the temperature of the material is kept at 121-123 ℃ for 1.5-2 h.
(4) And (3) cooling: and (4) moving the sterilized cultivation bag to a pre-sterilized cooling room or inoculation room for cooling, and cooling to below 30 ℃.
(5) Inoculation: selecting high-quality high-yield high-impurity-resistance strong-free bacteria without infection of impurity bacteria and insect pests, using bacteria with the age of 2 d-3 d after the bags are filled with hypha, expanding and grafting 30 bags of cultivation bags for each bag of three-stage cultivation seeds, and replacing plastic pin covers with cotton plugs.
(6) Hypha culture: and (3) discharging the inoculated cultivation bags into a dark or dim light fungus culturing room, keeping the temperature at 22-24 ℃ and the relative humidity of air at 50-75%, continuously culturing the fungus bags full of hyphae for 7-10 days, and then transferring the fungus bags out of the mushroom room.
(7) Cultivation: the fungus bags are vertically arranged on a bed frame of a mushroom house or horizontally arranged on a special grid frame for cultivation.
(8) Opening the bag and accelerating bud formation: taking down the loop cotton plug, and removing aged bacterium blocks; the temperature of the mushroom house is reduced to 12-16 ℃, a daylight lamp is used for increasing illumination, and stabbing electron entities are formed; the growth of the mushroom buds is started, 2 to 3 mushroom buds are controlled to extend towards the bag mouth, and the redundant mushroom buds are removed.
(9) Fruiting: the temperature is controlled at 13-16 ℃, the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom house is controlled at 90%, and the ventilation is carried out for 4-12 times per day according to the growth condition of the mushrooms, and each time lasts for 6 min.
(10) Mushroom picking: when the sporophore is longer than 8cm or the umbrella cover is flat, the stipe is held by hand and pulled up for harvesting.
The method realizes the industrial cultivation of the white beech mushroom, has low production cost, improves the conversion rate of nutrient components in the culture medium, and improves the yield and the quality of the white beech mushroom.
Detailed Description
Preparing materials: raw materials: 15 parts of coarse wood chips, 5 parts of fine wood chips, 12 parts of bagasse, 15 parts of cottonseed hulls, 30 parts of corncobs, 13 parts of bran, 4 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of corn flour and 1 part of lime. The raw materials are mixed and stirred evenly to obtain the culture material, the water content of the culture material is controlled to be 65%, and the pH value is 7.7.
Preparing a cultivation bag: the culture material is filled into a plastic bag, the plastic bag filled with the culture material is sleeved with a lantern ring, and a plastic pin cover is inserted. A polypropylene plastic bag with the thickness of 17cm multiplied by 35cm multiplied by 0.005cm is adopted, a ZD1000 type culture material punching bagging machine is adopted, and 1200g of wet materials are packed in each bag. The polypropylene plastic bag should meet the regulations of GB 9693. The culture material is filled into a plastic bag, compacted, loosened and dug in the middle.
And (3) sterilization: placing the cultivation bag in a high-pressure sterilization cabinet, introducing steam to start heating, and controlling the pressure to 1.5kg/cm2Keeping the material temperature at 123 ℃ for 2h, and naturally reducing the pressure to 0.
And (3) cooling: transferring the sterilized cultivation bag to a pre-sterilized cooling chamber or inoculation chamber for cooling, and cooling to below 30 deg.C or preventing scalding.
Inoculation: selecting high-quality and high-yield strain with strong impurity resistance and without infection of mixed bacteria and insect pests, and meeting the regulation of edible fungus management method. The strain with the age of 3 days after the bag is filled with hypha is inoculated according with the specification of NY/T528. And expanding 30 bags of cultivation bags for each bag of three-level cultivation seeds, and replacing the plastic pin cover with a cotton plug.
Hypha culture: the inoculated cultivation bags are discharged into a dark or dim light fungus culturing room, the temperature is kept at 23 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 75 percent; checking the cultivation bag every day after inoculation, changing to 2d for 1 time after 7d, observing the growth condition of hyphae, and timely cleaning the pollution bag out of the cultivation room when finding out the pollution bag; and (4) continuously culturing the fungus bags full of hypha for 10 days, and then transferring the fungus bags to a mushroom growing room.
Cultivation: the fungus bags are vertically arranged on a bed frame of a mushroom house or horizontally arranged on a special grid frame for cultivation.
Opening the bag and accelerating bud formation:
opening the bag: taking down the lantern ring cotton plug, removing aged bacterium blocks, and keeping the mouth of the bag in an original state.
Bud forcing: the temperature of the mushroom house is reduced to 16 ℃, and the sunlight is used for increasing the illumination to stimulate the formation of fruiting bodies.
Bud thinning: generally, mushroom buds grow up after 8 days, 2-3 mushroom buds are controlled to extend towards the bag mouth, and redundant mushroom buds are removed.
Fruiting:
temperature: controlling the temperature to be 13-16 ℃;
humidity: the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom house is controlled to be about 90 percent, and the air can be sprayed in the space for humidification.
Ventilating: ventilating for 6min each time for 8 times/day according to growth condition of mushroom. The mushroom cap is smaller and is ventilated more, and the mushroom cap is larger and is ventilated less.
The proper increase of illumination can promote the formation and differentiation of primordium, and is favorable for improving the yield and quality. Light may be reduced near picking.
Mushroom picking: harvesting when the sporophore grows to more than 8cm or the umbrella cover is flat. The basic standard of the method is determined according to market needs, and the time from opening the bag to picking is generally 16-20 d. When in harvesting, the fungus stalk is tightly held by hand and pulled up, and the fungus cover is not needed to be damaged.
The above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The industrial white beech mushroom cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: mixing and stirring the raw materials uniformly to obtain a culture material, wherein the water content of the culture material is controlled to be 63-67%, and the pH value is 7.5-8.0;
(2) preparing a cultivation bag: putting the compost into a plastic bag, sleeving a lantern ring on the plastic bag filled with the compost, and inserting a plastic pin cover;
(3) and (3) sterilization: placing the cultivation bag in an autoclave, introducing steam to start heating, wherein the pressure reaches 1.2-1.5 kg/cm2Keeping the material temperature at 121-123 ℃ for 1.5-2 h;
(4) and (3) cooling: transferring the sterilized cultivation bag to a pre-sterilized cooling chamber or inoculation chamber for cooling, and cooling to below 30 ℃;
(5) inoculation: selecting high-quality high-yield high-impurity-resistance and non-infectious bacteria and insect pest infected strains, using strains with the age of 2-3 d after the bags are filled with hypha, expanding and grafting 30 bags of cultivation bags for each bag of three-stage cultivation seeds, and replacing plastic pin covers with cotton plugs;
(6) hypha culture: the inoculated cultivation bags are discharged into a dark or dim light fungus culturing room, the temperature is kept at 22-24 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 50-75%, the fungus bags full of hyphae are continuously cultured for 7-10 days, and then the fungus bags are transferred into a mushroom growing room;
(7) cultivation: vertically arranging the fungus bags on a bed frame of a mushroom house or horizontally arranging the fungus bags on a special grid frame for cultivation;
(8) opening the bag and accelerating bud formation: taking down the loop cotton plug, and removing aged bacterium blocks; the temperature of the mushroom house is reduced to 12-16 ℃, a daylight lamp is used for increasing illumination, and stabbing electron entities are formed; growing mushroom buds, controlling 2-3 mushroom buds to extend to the bag mouth, and removing redundant mushroom buds;
(9) fruiting: controlling the temperature at 13-16 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air in the mushroom house at 90%, ventilating for 4-12 times/day according to the growth condition of the mushrooms, and 6min each time;
(10) mushroom picking: when the sporophore is longer than 8cm or the umbrella cover is flat, the stipe is held by hand and pulled up for harvesting.
2. The industrial hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of coarse wood chips, 5-8 parts of fine wood chips, 8-12 parts of bagasse, 15-20 parts of cottonseed hulls, 25-30 parts of corncobs, 10-13 parts of bran, 4-5 parts of soybean meal, 5-8 parts of corn flour and 1-3 parts of lime.
3. The industrial hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of coarse wood chips, 5 parts of fine wood chips, 12 parts of bagasse, 15 parts of cottonseed hulls, 30 parts of corncobs, 13 parts of bran, 4 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of corn flour and 1 part of lime.
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| CN202011309636.6A CN112385476A (en) | 2020-11-20 | 2020-11-20 | Industrialized white beech mushroom cultivation method |
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| CN202011309636.6A CN112385476A (en) | 2020-11-20 | 2020-11-20 | Industrialized white beech mushroom cultivation method |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102144497A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-08-10 | 福建绿宝食品集团有限公司 | Process for planting pleurotus eryngii |
| CN102197761A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-09-28 | 福建绿宝食品集团有限公司 | Method for culturing pleurotus eryngii |
| CN108147875A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-06-12 | 常熟理工学院 | A kind of factory culture pleurotus eryngii cultivating material |
| CN108782013A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-13 | 江苏淮香食用菌有限公司 | A kind of Pleurotus eryngii culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN109089734A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-28 | 成都市宁升绿康食品有限公司 | Seafood mushroom cultivation strain bag preparation process |
| CN109122032A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-04 | 广西仁泰生物科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of tea tree interplanting white beech mushroom |
-
2020
- 2020-11-20 CN CN202011309636.6A patent/CN112385476A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102144497A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-08-10 | 福建绿宝食品集团有限公司 | Process for planting pleurotus eryngii |
| CN102197761A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-09-28 | 福建绿宝食品集团有限公司 | Method for culturing pleurotus eryngii |
| CN108147875A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-06-12 | 常熟理工学院 | A kind of factory culture pleurotus eryngii cultivating material |
| CN108782013A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-13 | 江苏淮香食用菌有限公司 | A kind of Pleurotus eryngii culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN109089734A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-28 | 成都市宁升绿康食品有限公司 | Seafood mushroom cultivation strain bag preparation process |
| CN109122032A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-04 | 广西仁泰生物科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of tea tree interplanting white beech mushroom |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 江苏省苏州质量技术监督局: "《苏州市地方标准 DB3205/T 186-2009》", 1 February 2010 * |
| 阮晓东等: "白色蟹味菇代料高产栽培新技术", 《中国园艺文摘》 * |
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