CN112383331B - Electric power wireless sensor network communication device based on 5G-IoT technology - Google Patents
Electric power wireless sensor network communication device based on 5G-IoT technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of power wireless communication, in particular to a power wireless sensor network communication device based on a 5G-IoT technology. The system comprises a radio frequency receiving unit, an intermediate frequency and baseband unit and a main control unit; the radio frequency receiving unit comprises an MIMO on-chip dual-polarized integrated antenna and a local oscillator filtering and mixing module; the intermediate frequency and baseband unit is used for completing the conversion between the intermediate frequency analog signal and the digital baseband signal and distributing time slots and channels for each signal; the main control unit controls the radio frequency receiving unit and the intermediate frequency and baseband unit by using the instruction set. The invention covers three signal processing flows of radio frequency, intermediate frequency and baseband, and by means of the flexibility of 5G network networking, a large number of communication paths and time sequences of sensor terminals under the control can be managed and controlled by one base station, and temporary communication support can be provided between the terminals under the condition that the base station fails, so that the communication distance is ensured, and the invention can be fully applied to the application environment for electric power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power wireless communication, in particular to a power wireless sensor network communication device based on a 5G-IoT technology.
Background
The power grid provides a three-year realization target of a ubiquitous power Internet of things, the ubiquitous Internet of things is that sensing units at the tail end of the Internet of things are connected and converged by means of wide access communication capacity, and the quantity of equipment monitored by a large number of sensing nodes is managed in a centralized manner.
At present, various communication means used by operators at present are fully absorbed by an electric power system, the problem of sensor access of the electric power internet of things is respectively solved through short-medium-long different-level communication technologies, representative medium-short communication is zigbee, bluetooth and the like, long-distance communication is a 4G wireless private network, but in the application process, the situation that each gateway cannot cover too many terminals due to distance limitation is found, and the expansion of the number and types of terminals of the ubiquitous electric power internet of things is not very consistent; since the distance attenuation is serious and the frequency band bandwidth is large in the 4G and other public network technologies, each sub-band carries one sensor service, on one hand, frequency resources are wasted, and on the other hand, the number of accessed terminals is extremely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a power wireless sensor network communication device based on a 5G-IoT technology, overcomes the defects of the prior art, and can effectively solve the problems that a medium-short communication device in the existing power Internet of things is short in communication distance and cannot cover too many terminals.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures: a power wireless sensor network communication device based on a 5G-IoT technology comprises a radio frequency receiving unit, an intermediate frequency and baseband unit and a main control unit;
the radio frequency receiving unit comprises an MIMO on-chip dual-polarization integrated antenna and a local oscillator filtering and mixing module, the MIMO on-chip dual-polarization integrated antenna receives or sends a radio frequency analog signal, and the local oscillator filtering and mixing module mixes the frequency of the received signal with the local oscillator frequency to complete the conversion between the radio frequency analog signal and an intermediate frequency analog signal;
the intermediate frequency and baseband unit completes conversion between intermediate frequency analog signals and digital baseband signals and allocates time slots and channels for each signal;
the main control unit controls the radio frequency receiving unit and the intermediate frequency and baseband unit by using the instruction set.
The following is further optimization or/and improvement of the technical scheme of the invention:
the MIMO on-chip dual-polarized integrated antenna is a multi-array antenna with a double-layer antenna structure and comprises an upper layer piece and a lower layer piece; the lower layer sheet is provided with a feed circuit, the feed circuit comprises a coupler, a power divider and an adjustable phase shifter, and the coupler and the adjustable phase shifter are connected with the power divider; the upper layer is provided with a radiation feed cavity.
The power divider is a 1-division-4-equal-division waveguide power divider and comprises 1 input port and 4 output ports, wherein the power values of the 4 output ports are equal, the absolute value of the phase difference between every two output ports is 0, the 1 input port is arranged on the lower layer sheet, the 4 output ports are arranged on the upper layer sheet, and radio-frequency analog signals are radiated to the upper layer sheet from the lower layer sheet.
The local oscillator filtering and frequency mixing module comprises a frequency divider and a plurality of local oscillator filtering and frequency mixing circuits, each local oscillator filtering and frequency mixing circuit comprises a frequency mixer, a first filter bank, a phase frequency detector, a second filter bank and a de-noising oscillating circuit, the frequency mixer, the first filter bank, the phase frequency detector, the second filter bank and the de-noising oscillating circuit are sequentially connected in series, and the frequency divider is respectively connected with the frequency mixer of each local oscillator filtering and frequency mixing circuit.
The intermediate frequency and baseband unit comprises an intermediate frequency processing module and a baseband processing module; the intermediate frequency processing module is used for converting an intermediate frequency analog signal and an intermediate frequency digital signal; the baseband processing module is used for obtaining, modulating and demodulating baseband digital signals, is provided with a layered tree-shaped time slot structure, and allocates time slots and channels for each signal.
The invention enhances the usability of the module by technologies of miniaturization, low power consumption, on-chip integration and the like, covers three signal processing flows of radio frequency, intermediate frequency and baseband, can manage and control a large number of communication paths and time sequences of the managed sensing terminals through one base station by virtue of the flexibility of 5G network networking, and can provide temporary communication support between the terminals under the condition that the base station fails, thereby ensuring the communication distance, being fully applied to the power utilization application environment and fully showing the impact and change of the 5G technology to the ubiquitous power Internet of things.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a main control unit driving module according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the MIMO on-chip dual-polarized integrated antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a 1-4-division equal-branching waveguide power divider according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the local oscillator filtering and frequency mixing module according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of timeslot allocation according to the present invention.
The codes in the figures are respectively: 1 is an upper layer sheet, 2 is a lower layer sheet, and 3 is a radiation feed cavity.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention.
In the present invention, for convenience of description, the description of the relative positional relationship of the components is described according to the layout mode of the drawings in the specification, such as: the positional relationship of up, down, left, right, etc. is determined in accordance with the layout direction of the drawings of the specification.
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples and figures:
as shown in fig. 1, the power wireless sensor network communication device based on the 5G-IoT technology includes a radio frequency receiving unit, an intermediate frequency and baseband unit, and a main control unit;
the radio frequency receiving unit comprises an MIMO on-chip dual-polarization integrated antenna and a local oscillator filtering and mixing module, the MIMO on-chip dual-polarization integrated antenna receives or sends a radio frequency analog signal, and the local oscillator filtering and mixing module mixes the frequency of the received signal with the local oscillator frequency to complete the conversion between the radio frequency analog signal and an intermediate frequency analog signal;
the intermediate frequency and baseband unit completes conversion between intermediate frequency analog signals and digital baseband signals and allocates time slots and channels for each signal;
the main control unit controls the radio frequency receiving unit and the intermediate frequency and baseband unit by using the instruction set.
In the technical scheme, the MIMO on-chip dual-polarization integrated antenna is a double-layer on-chip integrated antenna, a plurality of miniaturized antenna branches are integrated on the MIMO on-chip dual-polarization integrated antenna, transmission among channels is not interfered with each other, and a plurality of directional beam forming can be formed to receive sensor terminal services within the jurisdiction range. The local oscillator filtering and frequency mixing module can set a local oscillator basic frequency value in advance, frequency mixing is carried out on the frequency of the single radio frequency analog signal and the local oscillator frequency, conversion between the radio frequency analog signal and the intermediate frequency analog signal is completed, noise frequency is reduced, and an intermediate frequency front end processing process is completed.
In the above technical solution, the intermediate frequency and baseband unit is configured to perform intermediate frequency processing and baseband processing, thereby completing switching between the intermediate frequency analog signal and the digital baseband signal.
In the above technical solution, the main control unit issues a control command to inform the execution action and time of each unit module in the device in the bus, so as to maintain the order of the processes in the device. The main control unit can adopt a DSP + ARM form, has serial and parallel service processing capacity, accurately controls calculation and transmission of digital signals, and provides rapid decision and judgment support for access of front-end data. In order to ensure the flexibility of management means of the main control unit and the miniaturization of the module, the main control unit can select an open embedded operating system for development, various control programs are integrated into the device in a software form, and a mode of replacing hardware functions by software compiling is used for meeting the requirements of the flexibility of the management means and the miniaturization of the module, reducing the power consumption and the structural size of the device and meeting the requirements of integrated design of the sensor terminal.
For example, a software module is developed by the BSP under a nucleous embedded real-time operating system, and an underlying driver library is packaged. As shown in fig. 2, the control program module of the nucleos embedded development template may include a clock driving module, an interrupt control driving module, a bus control driving module, an interrupt configuration driving module, a startup program driving module, and a debug driving module; the clock driving module is used for outputting a unified clock, keeping the synchronization of the uplink and downlink data processing flows and transmitting according to a unified clock signal; the interrupt control driving module and the interrupt configuration driving module are started immediately when facing to special program execution conditions; starting a program drive module, and starting program drives with different functions according to the steps; the debugging driving module is used for external debugging; the bus control driving module is a control leading program of a thread and is also a core driver, and the internal connection of the module sends instructions in a bus form.
The invention is suitable for both transmitting and receiving, and when in use, the invention is installed at both the terminal and the network side to form a transmitting-receiving butt-joint mode, and only the network side is configured with capacity and a control function and is configured with multipoint, so that the function butt-joint of the terminal module is completely covered.
If the invention is used for receiving radio frequency analog signals, the process is as follows: firstly, receiving a radio frequency analog signal by the MIMO on-chip dual-polarization integrated antenna, presetting local oscillation frequency by a local oscillation filtering and mixing module, and mixing the frequency of the radio frequency analog signal with the local oscillation frequency to convert the radio frequency analog signal into an intermediate frequency analog signal; then the intermediate frequency and baseband unit converts the intermediate frequency analog signal into a digital baseband signal, and in the conversion process, due to the limitation of physical channel resources, idle time slot resources can be fully utilized according to the priority and the requirement, so that the crowded frame state is improved, and 1 service is transmitted in each frame; and finally, the main control unit acquires the digital baseband signal to perform other processing or transmit the digital baseband signal to external equipment. When the present invention is used for transmission, the working process is performed reversely, and therefore, the details are not repeated.
The invention enhances the usability of the module through technologies of miniaturization, low power consumption, on-chip integration and the like, covers three signal processing flows of radio frequency, intermediate frequency and baseband, can manage and control a large number of communication paths and time sequences of the managed sensing terminals through one base station by means of the flexibility of 5G network networking, can provide temporary communication support between the terminals under the condition that the base station fails, ensures the communication distance, can be fully applied to the power utilization application environment, and fully shows the impact and change of the 5G technology to the ubiquitous power Internet of things.
The above power wireless sensor network communication device based on the 5G-IoT technology can be further optimized or/and improved according to actual needs:
as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the MIMO on-chip dual-polarized integrated antenna is a multi-array antenna with a double-layer antenna structure, and includes an upper layer piece and a lower layer piece; the lower layer sheet is provided with a feed circuit, the feed circuit comprises a coupler, a power divider and an adjustable phase shifter, and the coupler and the adjustable phase shifter are connected with the power divider; the upper layer sheet is provided with a radiation feed cavity.
In the technical scheme, the MIMO on-chip dual-polarization integrated antenna adopts a double-layer coupling technology of an on-chip antenna and integrated packaging, the upper layer sheet and the lower layer sheet both adopt silicon materials as bottom plates, and the MIMO on-chip dual-polarization integrated antenna has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption, very low radiation efficiency and low resistivity of the silicon materials. The power divider in the lower layer sheet adjusts the frequency point and the phase of the feed circuit, and the coupler and the phase shifter can adjust the phase and the power value in a self-adaptive manner when the circuit structure of the power divider needs to be adjusted, so that the minimum loss of the feed circuit is ensured. The radiation feed cavity arranged on the upper layer sheet can be formed by a metalized aperture, the metalized aperture is formed by a plurality of regular gaps, and the size among the gaps directly influences the radiation direction and effect of an electromagnetic field, so that the square metal feed cavity can be selected to balance the radiation direction; therefore, radio frequency analog signals are radiated into free space from bottom to top, and independent beam forming can be formed. The characteristics of high gain, high bandwidth and the like of the antenna are formed by setting a proper waveguide integration gap distance and power amplifier parameters, and the access requirements of the sensor network are met.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the power divider is a 1-division-4-equal-division waveguide power divider, and includes 1 input port and 4 output ports, where the power values of the 4 output ports are equal, the absolute value of the phase difference between every two output ports is 0,1 input port is disposed in the lower layer, and 4 output ports are disposed in the upper layer, and the radio frequency analog signal is radiated from the lower layer to the upper layer.
The power divider is a main device of a feed circuit, and an array structure formed by waveguide slits in the 1-in-4-equal-division waveguide power divider in the technical scheme can change a radio frequency signal excitation mode, and can adjust the direction and the phase, so that a radiation beam has a good radio frequency directional diagram. In order to obtain a good electric field distribution diagram of the antenna in a 60GHz high-frequency electric field environment, the gap distance formed by the waveguide metal columns can be set, so that the absolute values of the electric fields of the four output ports are equal, and the phase differences are opposite. As shown in fig. 4, the rf analog signal is input to Port1, and the output is output from Port2, port3, port4, and Port5 simultaneously, the impedance matching degree of the power divider can be optimized by adjusting the gap distances m5 and m8, when the length of the gap distance m2 is increased, the output power of Port3 is decreased, the phase is advanced, while the power of Port2 is increased, the phase is delayed, and vice versa; port3 and Port5 vary in the same manner, so it can be seen that varying the size of each slot changes the output power and phase values. Ensuring that m1 and m3 are equal at the corner can reduce the echo attenuation of the power divider, thereby minimizing the loss of the feed circuit. Specifically, the gap value of each slit is set as follows:
m1=m3=1mm，m2=m4=0.5mm，m5=2mm，m6=m7=0.5mm，m8=2.5mm；
it can be seen from the above formula that the slot spacing symmetry is ensured as much as possible, the signal mapping rule is adopted, the phase difference of the output port is 180 degrees, the output power ratio is 1, and the return loss characteristics of the antenna are all below-6 dB.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the local oscillation filtering and frequency mixing module includes a frequency divider and multiple local oscillation filtering and frequency mixing circuits, each local oscillation filtering and frequency mixing circuit includes a frequency mixer, a first filter bank, a phase frequency detector, a second filter bank, and a de-noising oscillation circuit, the frequency mixer, the first filter bank, the phase frequency detector, the second filter bank, and the de-noising oscillation circuit are sequentially connected in series, and the frequency divider is connected with the frequency mixer of each local oscillation filtering and frequency mixing circuit.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, local oscillator filtering mixing module includes frequency divider and multichannel local oscillator filtering mixing circuit, every way local oscillator filtering mixing circuit operates independently, mutual noninterference, but reference frequency in the mixer sets up according to the power service demand, can the basic frequency point scope of automatic judgement business when radio frequency analog signal inserts, thereby select suitable local oscillator passageway, the mixer superposes single radio frequency analog signal, the noise frequency of production is less, the time of local oscillator frequency source round trip switch has been saved, intermediate frequency front end processing procedure accelerates, and with frequency divider recursive control, single local oscillator filtering mixing circuit processing procedure is simple quick, the efficiency of moving of signal from high frequency to intermediate frequency signal promotes greatly. Each local oscillator filtering and mixing circuit adopts a frequency conversion mode, so that signal frequency points can be finely adjusted in real time, and the phase of signals can be corrected in time. Therefore, the multi-channel local oscillator filtering and mixing circuit and the parallel baseband processing flow can be perfectly butted, heterogeneous signals can be rapidly processed in completely independent channels, and the requirement of ubiquitous power Internet of things 5G service access is strongly supported.
As shown in fig. 1, the intermediate frequency and baseband unit includes an intermediate frequency processing module and a baseband processing module; the intermediate frequency processing module is used for converting intermediate frequency analog signals and intermediate frequency digital signals; the baseband processing module is used for obtaining, modulating and demodulating baseband digital signals, is provided with a layered tree-shaped time slot structure, and allocates time slots and channels for each signal.
In the above technical solution, the baseband processing module is used for implementing a series of processes of wireless signal transmission communication protocol, such as frame structure composition, modulation and demodulation, channel spreading, and the like, and cooperates with the intermediate frequency processing module to jointly complete processes of random access, channel mapping, and the like. When the intermediate frequency digital signal in the baseband processing module is subjected to baseband processing, due to the limitation of physical channel resources, the baseband processing module is provided with a layered tree-shaped time slot structure, idle time slot resources are fully utilized according to priority and requirements, a crowded frame state is improved, and 1 service is transmitted in each frame. That is, when a certain traffic frame in the previous time slot is congested with a plurality of traffic, in the frame structure that occupies the following time slot according to the priority order of the traffic, as shown in fig. 6, the traffic priorities are arranged in order, so to satisfy the congested traffic of frame 1, frame 4, and frame 6 in time slot 1, 2 time slots are needed for carrying, if there is only 1 idle time slot in the network at this time, it is indicated that the waiting time is to be reduced, and the collision traffic of frame 4 and frame 6 is to be re-accessed. However, the 5G channel resources are abundant generally, and the access requirements of the sensor network can be basically met.
The technical characteristics form the best embodiment of the invention, the best embodiment has stronger adaptability and best implementation effect, and unnecessary technical characteristics can be increased or decreased according to actual needs to meet the requirements of different situations.
Claims (3)
1. A power wireless sensor network communication device based on a 5G-IoT technology is characterized by comprising a radio frequency receiving unit, an intermediate frequency and baseband unit and a main control unit;
the radio frequency receiving unit comprises an MIMO on-chip dual-polarization integrated antenna and a local oscillator filtering and mixing module, the MIMO on-chip dual-polarization integrated antenna receives or sends a radio frequency analog signal, and the local oscillator filtering and mixing module mixes the frequency of the received signal with the local oscillator frequency to complete the conversion between the radio frequency analog signal and an intermediate frequency analog signal; the MIMO on-chip dual-polarized integrated antenna is a multi-array antenna with a double-layer antenna structure and comprises an upper layer piece and a lower layer piece; the lower layer sheet is provided with a feed circuit, the feed circuit comprises a coupler, a power divider and an adjustable phase shifter, and the coupler and the adjustable phase shifter are connected with the power divider; the upper layer sheet is provided with a square radiation feed cavity; the radiation feed cavity is a metallized and regular aperture structure arranged at the bottom of the upper layer sheet, the power divider is a 1-to-4-equal-division-type waveguide power divider and comprises 1 input port and 4 output ports, the power values of the 4 output ports are equal, the absolute value of phase difference between every two output ports is 0, the 1 input port is arranged on the lower layer sheet, the 4 output ports are arranged on the upper layer sheet, and radio-frequency analog signals are radiated to the upper layer sheet from the lower layer sheet;
the intermediate frequency and baseband unit completes conversion between intermediate frequency analog signals and digital baseband signals and allocates time slots and channels for each signal;
the main control unit controls the radio frequency receiving unit and the intermediate frequency and baseband unit by using the instruction set.
2. The power wireless sensor network communication device based on the 5G-IoT technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the local oscillation filtering and mixing module comprises a frequency divider and multiple local oscillation filtering and mixing circuits, each local oscillation filtering and mixing circuit comprises a mixer, a first filter bank, a phase frequency detector, a second filter bank and a de-noising oscillation circuit, the mixer, the first filter bank, the phase frequency detector, the second filter bank and the de-noising oscillation circuit are connected in series in sequence, and the frequency divider is connected with the mixer of each local oscillation filtering and mixing circuit.
3. The 5G-IoT technology-based power wireless sensor network communication device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the intermediate frequency and baseband unit comprises an intermediate frequency processing module and a baseband processing module; the intermediate frequency processing module is used for converting intermediate frequency analog signals and intermediate frequency digital signals; the baseband processing module is used for obtaining and modulating and demodulating baseband digital signals, is provided with a layered tree-shaped time slot structure, and distributes time slots and channels for each signal.
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