CN112382855B - Active phased array antenna beam control method based on sparse array - Google Patents
Active phased array antenna beam control method based on sparse array Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
- H01Q3/38—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters the phase-shifters being digital
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Abstract
The invention provides an active phased array antenna beam control method based on a sparse array, which is realized by adopting FPGA beam control software, and comprises the following steps: the RS422 receiving module receives a beam pointing instruction transmitted by the signal processor; the communication decoding module analyzes target information from the beam pointing instruction according to a communication protocol, wherein the target information comprises a beam pointing angle and a frequency point number; the wave control code calculation module calculates the phase difference quantization of each array unit relative to a reference unit in real time to obtain a real-time calculated wave control code, and calculates the target wave control code by combining the amplitude-phase consistency compensation data of each channel; the TR component signal control module determines the amplitude and phase values of the TR component according to the target wave control code. According to the invention, the amplitude and phase values of the TR component are calculated and controlled in the FPGA, so that the beam pointing function of the sparse array active phased array antenna is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phased radar processing, in particular to an active phased array antenna beam control method based on a sparse array.
Background
The beam control of the sparse array active phased array antenna mainly comprises the steps of calculating and controlling the amplitude and phase values of the TR component through receiving a beam pointing instruction transmitted by a signal processor, and completing the beam pointing function of the sparse array active phased array antenna.
Currently, patent CN107768831a ("a phased array antenna wave control algorithm") discloses a phased array antenna wave control algorithm. The algorithm calculates the phase shift value by adopting a method of rounding and taking the remainder, only decimal places are calculated, a large amount of redundant calculation is avoided, occupied resources are small, the phase control code of each antenna unit can be calculated in a short time, and the dynamic performance of a beam control system is improved. However, the algorithm is still the result of complex computation such as trigonometric function, division and the like which are externally transmitted, and the computation of rounding up the remainder is only applied to multiply-add computation.
Patent CN106450761a ("FPGA-based centralized phased array beam control device") discloses a FPGA-based centralized phased array beam control device, which includes an FPGA module, a lower sending module, and a lower receiving module, where the FPGA module obtains data from antenna arrays through the lower receiving module, and performs phase computation on each antenna array in parallel, so as to perform configuration of scanning of each antenna beam in parallel through the lower sending module. The method is applicable to sparse arrays, but is low in calculation speed and low in precision.
Patent CN205122829U ("an active phased array antenna wave control system") discloses an active phased array antenna wave control system, which comprises a wave control motherboard for receiving a wave control instruction sent by the rear end of an antenna, a TR module wave control sub-board for receiving the wave control instruction, and a wave control forming cable for connecting the wave control motherboard and the TR module wave control sub-board and for transmitting the wave control instruction sent by the wave control motherboard to the R module wave control sub-board. The mode that this scheme adopted the cable to connect makes the ripples accuse system installation operation become simple for the TR module expansibility of system becomes better. The invention mainly introduces a normal transmission wave control system which can realize wave control command by adopting a wave control cable to replace a wave control distribution plate and a one-to-one cable, and does not relate to how to realize calculation and control of amplitude and phase values of a TR assembly, thereby completing the beam pointing function of a sparse array active phased array antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an active phased array antenna beam control method based on a sparse array, which aims to complete calculation and control amplitude and phase values of a T/R component by using an FPGA and complete an active phased array antenna beam pointing function.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a sparse array-based active phased array antenna beam control method, which is implemented by using FPGA beam control software, where the FPGA beam control software includes an RS422 receiving module, a communication decoding module, a wave control code computing module, and a TR component signal control module, and the method includes:
the RS422 receiving module receives the beam pointing instruction transmitted by the signal processor;
the communication decoding module analyzes target information from the beam pointing instruction according to a communication protocol, wherein the target information comprises a beam pointing angle and a frequency point number;
the wave control code calculation module calculates the phase difference quantization of each array unit relative to a reference unit in real time to obtain a real-time calculated wave control code, and combines the amplitude and phase consistency compensation data of each channel to calculate a target wave control code;
and the TR component signal control module determines the amplitude and phase value of the TR component according to the target wave control code so as to complete the beam pointing function of the sparse array active phased array antenna.
Furthermore, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the FPGA beam control software is realized by using an FPGA software of an ISE platform.
Furthermore, in the method for controlling the active phased array antenna beam based on the sparse array, the arrangement mode of the active phased array antenna based on the sparse array adopts triangular arrangement, and when the wave control code calculated in real time is calculated, the wave control code calculation module equivalent the triangular arrangement to rectangular array arrangement.
Further, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the channel amplitude phase consistency compensation data are obtained by looking up a table from a preset channel amplitude phase consistency compensation data table.
Further, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the preset channel amplitude consistency compensation data table contains compensation data under different frequency points, and the wave control code calculation module searches compensation data corresponding to the frequency points from the preset channel amplitude consistency compensation data table according to the frequency point numbers in the target information.
Further, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the preset channel amplitude phase consistency compensation data table is stored in a ROM core of the FPGA beam control software.
Furthermore, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the wave control code calculation module adopts an IP core in the FPGA beam control software and calculates in a fixed point and floating point calculation combined mode.
Furthermore, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the wave control code calculation module calculates the wave control code calculated in real time by adopting a virtual bit technology.
Further, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the TR component signal control module adopts a 6-bit digital phase shifter to determine the amplitude and phase value of the TR component;
when the wave control code calculation module calculates the wave control code calculated in real time by adopting a virtual bit technology, rounding is carried out after quantization is carried out according to 0.3516, and after the wave control code is changed into a 10-bit wave control code, only the front 6 bits are taken as the phase shift value of the TR component.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides an active phased array antenna beam control method based on a sparse array, which is characterized in that the beam pointing instruction transmitted by a signal processor is received, the amplitude and the phase value of a T/R component are calculated and controlled in an FPGA, and the beam pointing function of the sparse array active phased array antenna is further completed, and compared with the prior art, the invention also has the following advantages: when the wave control code is calculated in real time, the self-contained IP core in the FPGA engineering software is fully utilized, and the calculation speed and precision are improved by utilizing a mode of combining fixed point and floating point calculation; compared with the traditional rectangular array phased array, the triangular array sparse array has the advantages that the triangular array sparse array is adopted, the number of units is smaller under the condition that the antenna performance is not affected, the system cost is reduced, the system heat consumption is reduced, and the triangular array sparse array phased array has obvious advantages in large phased array units.
Drawings
For a clearer description of the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description will be briefly introduced below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are one embodiment of the present invention, and that, without inventive effort, other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art from these drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for controlling an active phased array antenna beam based on a sparse array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a signal processing procedure of FPGA beam control software according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a distribution of triangular sparse array antennas according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a calculation process diagram of an IP core calculation target wave control code using FPGA software according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method for controlling the active phased array antenna beam based on the sparse array, the electronic equipment and the readable storage medium provided by the invention are further described in detail below with reference to figures 1-4 and the detailed description. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all to a non-precise scale, merely for the purpose of facilitating and clearly aiding in the description of embodiments of the invention. For a better understanding of the invention with objects, features and advantages, refer to the drawings. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for illustration purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention to the extent that any modifications, changes in the proportions, or adjustments of the sizes of structures, proportions, or otherwise, used in the practice of the invention, are included in the spirit and scope of the invention which is otherwise, without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof.
The invention provides a sparse array-based active phased array antenna beam control method, which is characterized in that the beam pointing instruction transmitted by a signal processor is received, the amplitude and phase value of a TR component are calculated and controlled in an FPGA, and the beam pointing function of the sparse array-based active phased array antenna is completed. Therefore, the invention is realized by adopting FPGA wave beam control software, and the FPGA wave beam control software comprises an RS422 receiving module, a communication decoding module, a wave control code calculation module and a TR component signal control module. Preferably, the FPGA beam control software is implemented as FPGA software of an ISE platform, and more preferably, the FPGA is XC7K325T of Xilinx.
As shown in fig. 1, the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
in step S100, the RS422 receiving module receives the beam pointing instruction sent by the signal processor.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RS422 receiving module receives the communication data information from the signal processor by using an RS422 serial asynchronous full duplex communication method, where the baud rate of the communication is 5Mbps, and the beam control method of the present invention is described in detail with reference to fig. 2. The signal processor is for example a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processing, DSP).
In step S200, the communication decoding module parses the target information from the beam pointing instruction according to the communication protocol, including the angle at which the beam is pointed and the frequency point number.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the decoding module is in accordance with a communication protocolThe required target information is proposed, including the angle of beam pointing (including azimuth angle
Pitch angle θ), frequency point number f d And transmitting or receiving information, etc.
And step S300, the wave control code calculation module calculates the phase difference quantization of each array unit relative to a reference unit in real time to obtain a real-time calculated wave control code, and calculates the final target wave control code by combining the amplitude and phase consistency compensation data of each channel.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the final target wave control code includes a wave control code obtained by quantifying a phase difference of an array unit relative to a certain reference unit and a sum of amplitude phase consistency compensation data among channels, the phase difference of the array unit is obtained by real-time calculation by a wave control code calculation module of FPGA beam control software, and the amplitude phase consistency compensation data of each channel is obtained by looking up a table in a preset channel amplitude phase consistency compensation data table. And the preset channel amplitude and phase consistency compensation data table is stored in a ROM core of the FPGA beam control software and is read in real time according to the requirement.
When the sparse array antenna is arranged in a rectangular array, the array unit phase difference is calculated according to the following two-dimensional phased array wave control code calculation principle in the sine space:
according to the phased array radar technology principle, for a planar phased array antenna with M rows and N columns, the phase difference of the element located in the nth row and the nth column relative to the (0, 0) th element (i.e. the reference element) in the array is:
C(m，n)＝mAkd 1 u+nAkd 2 v，m＝0,1,…,M-1，n＝0,1,…,N-1。
wherein, A= -180/pi, k=2pi/lambda,
v＝sinθ，d 1 、d 2 the row and column spacing between adjacent array units are respectively M, N, and the row and column spacing of the planar phased array are respectively.
In the present inventionIn the preferred embodiment, the odd-numbered row units in the array are rectangular arrays with the phase difference of the array units being C 1 (m，n)＝mAkd 1 u+nAkd 2 v, then the array cell phase difference of even row cells can be expressed as C 2 (m，n)＝C 1 (m, n) +Δ, where Δ= mAk (d) 1 /2)u+nAk(d 2 /2)v。
For a K-bit digital phase shifter, the beam control signal only provides a binary signal. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the digital phase shifter is 6 bits, i.e., the minimum phase shift is 2pi/2 6 Therefore, the wave control code B calculated in real time is C by quantifying the phase difference of the array unit 1 (m, n) or C 2 (m, n) modulo 360 and dividing by 5.625.
In the calculation process, the corresponding relation between the array unit positions and the channels of the TR assembly is stored in a ROM core of the FPGA beam control software, all channels are traversed when the TR assembly is matched, the corresponding array unit positions (m, n) are read in real time, and the wave control codes of the array units corresponding to the channels of each assembly are calculated in real time.
The channel amplitude consistency compensation data table comprises compensation data under different frequency points, and the wave control code calculation module searches compensation data corresponding to the frequency points from the preset channel amplitude consistency compensation data table according to the frequency point numbers in the target information.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the channel amplitude phase consistency compensation data is the difference between the measured channel amplitude phase value and a reference channel amplitude phase value, the minimum unit of the amplitude calibration value is 0.5, the minimum unit of the phase calibration value is 5.625, all of which are represented by 6-bit binary values, and the phase calibration value is consistent with the number of bits of the digital phase shifter.
Preferably, in order not to affect the antenna performance and to use fewer units, the arrangement mode of the active phased array antenna based on the sparse array adopts triangular arrangement, and when the wave control code calculated in real time is calculated, the wave control code calculation module equivalent the triangular arrangement to rectangular array arrangement. The triangular array arrangement is shown in fig. 3, and the triangular array arrangement sparse array antenna is equivalent to the rectangular array arrangement mode, so that the wave control codes corresponding to the array units can be obtained more simply and conveniently through calculation.
Preferably, the wave control code calculation module adopts an own IP core in the FPGA wave beam control software, and calculates by combining fixed point and floating point calculation, thereby improving the calculation speed and precision.
The calculation in the FPGA software is usually fixed point number calculation, and the division calculation delay is larger, and the invention adopts the self-contained flowing-point and Cordic IP core in the FPGA beam control software, and can improve the calculation speed and precision by utilizing a fixed point and Floating point calculation combined mode.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, akd is calculated by a combination of fixed point and floating point calculations 1 u、Akd 2 v and Δ, the result of which is output as a fixed point number representation. In the calculation process, as shown in fig. 4, in order to improve the accuracy, the beam direction of the signal processor DSP is expanded by 100 times.
Wherein, the number of the delay clocks is selectable by the Floating-point IP core, and in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the delay is set to be 1 clock, and the delay is 0.02us because the 50MHz clock is adopted in the invention.
Wherein the Cordic IP core is used to calculate the trigonometric function value, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the input is 32-bit data, including 3-bit integer digits and 29-bit decimal places, and the output is 32-bit data, including 2-bit integer digits and 30-bit decimal places, and special attention is required in application. The Cordic IP core delays 36 clocks under the condition of 32-bit input data, and the delay is 0.72us because the clock of 50MHz is adopted in the invention.
Therefore, the wave control code calculation module adopts an IP core in the FPGA wave beam control software, and the time for calculation by combining fixed point calculation and floating point calculation is 0.89us.
Preferably, the wave control code calculation module calculates the wave control code calculated in real time by adopting a virtual bit technology, so that the consistency of beam pointing (difference beam) is improved.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a 6-digit number is usedWord shifter, according to 0.3516 (360/2) 10 ) Rounding after quantization, and taking the first 6 bits as the phase shift value of the TR component after the quantized signal is changed into the 10-bit wave control code.
Wherein, firstly, the method is quantized according to 10 bits, and the specific calculation mode is as follows: the phase difference of the array unit is divided by 0.3516, which can be equivalent to the phase difference of the array unit divided by 8192 and multiplied by 23299, and the implementation mode is that the phase difference of the array unit is calculated by multiplying 23299 by a multiplier, and then the lower 13 bits are cut off, so that the operation of dividing by 0.3516 is completed.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a 6-bit digital phase shifter is finally used, so the above calculation result also needs to cut off the lower 4 bits.
And step 400, the TR component signal control module determines the amplitude and phase value of the TR component according to the target wave control code so as to complete the beam pointing function of the sparse array active phased array antenna.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the TR module signal control module processes the target wave control code using a 6-bit digital phase shifter to obtain the amplitude and phase values of the TR module.
In summary, according to the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the beam pointing instruction transmitted by the signal processor is received, and the amplitude and the phase value of the T/R component are calculated and controlled in the FPGA, so that the beam pointing function of the active phased array antenna of the sparse array is completed. Further, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the traditional active phased array antenna beam control system mainly comprises a DSP for completing complex calculation, an FPGA only performs simple multiply-add calculation, the invention fully utilizes the self IP core in FPGA engineering software when calculating the wave control code in real time, and the mode of combining fixed point and floating point calculation is utilized to improve the calculation speed and the precision in real time;
2. the traditional phased array is mostly in a rectangular arrangement mode, the beam control is performed on the triangular sparse array, the number of units is smaller under the condition that the antenna performance is not affected, the system cost is reduced, the system heat consumption is reduced, and the method has obvious advantages in large phased array units.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
While the present invention has been described in detail through the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment, it should be understood that the foregoing description is not to be considered as limiting the invention. Many modifications and substitutions of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an active phased array antenna beam control method based on sparse array, its characterized in that adopts FPGA beam control software to realize, FPGA beam control software includes RS422 receiving module, communication decoding module, wave accuse code calculation module and TR subassembly signal control module, the method includes:
the RS422 receiving module receives the beam pointing instruction transmitted by the signal processor;
the communication decoding module analyzes target information from the beam pointing instruction according to a communication protocol, wherein the target information comprises a beam pointing angle and a frequency point number;
the wave control code calculation module calculates the phase difference quantization of each array unit relative to a reference unit in real time to obtain a real-time calculated wave control code, and combines the amplitude and phase consistency compensation data of each channel to calculate a target wave control code;
the TR component signal control module determines the amplitude and phase value of the TR component according to the target wave control code so as to complete the beam pointing function of the sparse array active phased array antenna;
the FPGA beam control software is realized by the FPGA software of an ISE platform;
the arrangement mode of the active phased array antenna based on the sparse array adopts triangular arrangement, and when the real-time calculated wave control codes are calculated, the wave control code calculation module equivalent the triangular arrangement to rectangular array arrangement;
the wave control code calculation module adopts an IP core in the FPGA wave beam control software and calculates by combining fixed point and floating point calculation.
2. The method for controlling an active phased array antenna beam based on a sparse array of claim 1, wherein the channel amplitude phase consistency compensation data is obtained by looking up a table from a preset channel amplitude phase consistency compensation data table.
3. The method for controlling an active phased array antenna beam based on a sparse array according to claim 2, wherein the preset channel width consistency compensation data table contains compensation data under different frequency points, and the wave control code calculation module searches the compensation data corresponding to the frequency point from the preset channel width consistency compensation data table according to the frequency point number in the target information.
4. The sparse array based active phased array antenna beam control method of claim 2, wherein the predetermined channel amplitude phase consistency compensation data table is stored in a ROM core of the FPGA beam control software.
5. The sparse array-based active phased array antenna beam control method of claim 1, wherein the wave control code computation module computes the real-time computed wave control code using a dummy bit technique.
6. The sparse array based active phased array antenna beam control method of claim 5, wherein the TR element signal control module determines the amplitude and phase values of the TR element using a 6 bit digital phase shifter;
when the wave control code calculation module calculates the wave control code calculated in real time by adopting a virtual bit technology, rounding is carried out after quantization is carried out according to 0.3516, and after the wave control code is changed into a 10-bit wave control code, only the front 6 bits are taken as the phase shift value of the TR component.
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| 一种便携式相控阵雷达波控系统设计;汪永军等;《舰船电子对抗》;20170825(第04期);第17-18页，图1-3 * |
| 毫米波有源相控阵雷达波束控制系统的设计与应用;李祥荣;《电讯技术》;20090128(第01期);第77-79页，图1-4 * |
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