CN112382855A - Active phased array antenna beam control method based on sparse array - Google Patents

Active phased array antenna beam control method based on sparse array Download PDF

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CN112382855A
CN112382855A CN202011279488.8A CN202011279488A CN112382855A CN 112382855 A CN112382855 A CN 112382855A CN 202011279488 A CN202011279488 A CN 202011279488A CN 112382855 A CN112382855 A CN 112382855A
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control code
wave control
active phased
phased array
array antenna
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CN112382855B (en
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李芬
蒋洁
郭冬梅
李爽爽
李亚军
赵学州
王树文
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Shanghai Radio Equipment Research Institute
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/28Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061Two dimensional planar arrays
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H01Q3/38Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters the phase-shifters being digital
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention provides an active phased array antenna beam control method based on a sparse array, which is realized by adopting FPGA beam control software and comprises the following steps: the RS422 receiving module receives a beam pointing instruction transmitted by the signal processor; the communication decoding module analyzes target information from the beam pointing instruction according to a communication protocol, wherein the target information comprises the angle pointed by the beam and the frequency point number; the wave control code calculation module calculates the phase difference quantization of each array unit relative to a reference unit in real time to obtain a wave control code calculated in real time, and calculates a target wave control code by combining the amplitude-phase consistency compensation data of each channel; and the TR component signal control module determines the amplitude and phase value of the TR component according to the target wave control code. The invention calculates and controls the amplitude and phase value of the TR component in the FPGA, and completes the beam pointing function of the sparse array active phased array antenna.

Description

Active phased array antenna beam control method based on sparse array
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phased radar processing, in particular to an active phased array antenna beam control method based on a sparse array.
Background
The sparse array active phased array antenna beam control is mainly used for calculating and controlling the amplitude and phase value of a TR component by receiving a beam pointing instruction transmitted by a signal processor so as to complete the beam pointing function of the sparse array active phased array antenna.
Currently, patent CN107768831A ("a phased array antenna wave steering algorithm") discloses a phased array antenna wave steering algorithm. The algorithm adopts a rounding remainder method to calculate the phase shift value, only calculates a small number of digits, avoids a large amount of redundant calculation, occupies less resources, can solve the phase control code of each antenna unit in a short time, and improves the dynamic performance of the beam control system. However, the algorithm is still the result of complex calculation such as trigonometric function and division transmitted from the outside, and the rounding remainder calculation is only applied to the multiplication and addition calculation.
Patent CN106450761A ("centralized phased array beam control device based on FPGA") discloses a centralized phased array beam control device based on FPGA, which includes an FPGA module, a lower sending module, and a lower receiving module, where the FPGA module obtains data from antenna arrays through the lower receiving module, and implements phase calculation of each antenna array in parallel, and further implements configuration of each antenna beam scanning in parallel through the lower sending module. The scheme can be suitable for sparse arrays, but the calculation speed is low, and the precision is low.
Patent CN205122829U ("an active phased array antenna wave control system") discloses an active phased array antenna wave control system, is used for receiving the wave control instruction that the antenna rear end sent including the wave control mother board, and TR module wave control daughter board is used for receiving the wave control instruction realizes the control function to the TR module, still includes wave control shaping cable, the shaping cable is connected the wave control mother board and TR module wave control daughter board are used for with the wave control instruction that the wave control mother board sent transmits for R module wave control daughter board. The scheme adopts a cable connection mode to simplify the installation operation of the wave control system, so that the expansibility of the TR module of the system becomes better. However, the invention mainly introduces a normal transmission wave control system which can realize the wave control command by adopting a wave control cable to replace a wave control distribution plate and a pair of cables, and does not relate to how to realize the calculation and control of the amplitude and phase value of a TR component, thereby completing the wave beam pointing function of the sparse array active phased array antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an active phased array antenna beam control method based on a sparse array, which aims to complete calculation and control the amplitude and phase value of a T/R component by utilizing an FPGA (field programmable gate array), and complete the beam pointing function of an active phased array antenna.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an active phased array antenna beam control method based on a sparse array, which is implemented by using FPGA beam control software, wherein the FPGA beam control software includes an RS422 receiving module, a communication decoding module, a wave control code calculating module and a TR component signal control module, and the method includes:
the RS422 receiving module receives a beam pointing instruction transmitted by the signal processor;
the communication decoding module analyzes target information from the beam pointing instruction according to a communication protocol, wherein the target information comprises a beam pointing angle and a frequency point number;
the wave control code calculation module calculates the phase difference quantization of each array unit relative to a reference unit in real time to obtain a wave control code calculated in real time, and calculates a target wave control code by combining amplitude-phase consistency compensation data of each channel;
and the TR component signal control module determines the amplitude and phase value of the TR component according to the target wave control code so as to complete the wave beam pointing function of the sparse array active phased array antenna.
Further, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the FPGA beam control software is implemented by FPGA software of an ISE platform.
Further, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the arrangement mode of the active phased array antenna based on the sparse array adopts triangular arrangement, and when the wave control code calculated in real time is calculated, the wave control code calculation module is used for enabling the triangular arrangement to be equivalent to rectangular array arrangement.
Further, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the amplitude-phase consistency compensation data of each channel is obtained by looking up a table from a preset channel amplitude-phase consistency compensation data table.
Further, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the preset channel amplitude and phase consistency compensation data table contains compensation data at different frequency points, and the wave control code calculation module searches the compensation data corresponding to the frequency point from the preset channel amplitude and phase consistency compensation data table according to the frequency point number in the target information.
Further, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the preset channel amplitude and phase consistency compensation data table is stored in a ROM core of the FPGA beam control software.
Further, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the wave control code calculation module adopts an IP core in the FPGA beam control software, and performs calculation by combining fixed-point calculation and floating-point calculation.
Further, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the wave control code calculation module calculates the wave control code calculated in real time by using a virtual bit technique.
Further, in the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array, the TR component signal control module determines the amplitude and phase value of the TR component by using a 6-bit digital phase shifter;
and when the wave control code calculation module calculates the wave control code calculated in real time by adopting a virtual bit technology, the wave control code is quantized according to 0.3516 and then rounded, and only the front 6 bits are taken as the phase shift value of the TR component after the wave control code is changed into the 10-bit wave control code.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a sparse array-based active phased array antenna beam control method, which is characterized in that the amplitude and phase value of a T/R component are calculated and controlled in an FPGA (field programmable gate array) by receiving a beam pointing instruction transmitted by a signal processor, so that the sparse array active phased array antenna beam pointing function is further completed, and compared with the prior art, the sparse array-based active phased array antenna beam control method has the following advantages: when the wave control code is calculated in real time, an IP core in FPGA engineering software is fully utilized, and the calculation speed and precision are improved by combining fixed-point calculation and floating-point calculation; compared with the traditional rectangular phased array, the triangular sparse array has the advantages that the number of units is reduced under the condition that the performance of the antenna is not influenced, the system cost is reduced, the heat consumption of the system is reduced, and the triangular sparse array has obvious advantages in large-scale phased array units.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are an embodiment of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts according to the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of an active phased array antenna beam control method based on a sparse array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a signal processing process diagram of FPGA beam control software according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic distribution diagram of a sparsely arrayed antenna with a triangular arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a calculation process diagram for calculating a target wave control code by using an IP core provided by FPGA software according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes the sparse array based active phased array antenna beam control method, the electronic device and the readable storage medium in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 4 and the detailed description. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all used in a non-precise scale for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly aiding in the description of the embodiments of the present invention. To make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, reference is made to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the implementation conditions of the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention.
The core idea of the invention is to provide an active phased array antenna beam control method based on a sparse array, which calculates and controls the amplitude and phase value of a TR component in an FPGA by receiving a beam pointing instruction transmitted by a signal processor, so as to complete the beam pointing function of the sparse array active phased array antenna. Therefore, the invention is realized by adopting FPGA beam control software, and the FPGA beam control software comprises an RS422 receiving module, a communication decoding module, a wave control code calculating module and a TR component signal control module. Preferably, the FPGA beam control software is implemented by FPGA software of an ISE platform, and more preferably, the FPGA is XC7K325T of Xilinx.
As shown in fig. 1, the active phased array antenna beam control method based on sparse array provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
step S100, the RS422 receiving module receives the beam pointing instruction transmitted by the signal processor.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RS422 receiving module receives the communication data information from the signal processor by using an RS422 serial asynchronous full duplex communication mode, the communication baud rate is 5Mbps, even parity, and by taking this as an example, the beam control method of the present invention is described in detail with reference to fig. 2. The Signal processor is, for example, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP).
And step S200, the communication decoding module analyzes target information from the beam pointing instruction according to a communication protocol, wherein the target information comprises the angle pointed by the beam and the frequency point number.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the decoding module resolves the required target information according to the communication protocol, including the angle (including azimuth) of beam pointing
Figure BDA0002780278360000051
Pitch angle theta), frequency point number fdAnd transmitting or receiving information, etc.
Step S300, the wave control code calculation module calculates the phase difference quantization of each array unit relative to a reference unit in real time to obtain a wave control code calculated in real time, and calculates a final target wave control code by combining amplitude-phase consistency compensation data of each channel.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the final target wave control code includes a wave control code obtained by quantizing a phase difference of the array unit with respect to a certain reference unit and a sum of amplitude-phase consistency compensation data among the channels, the phase difference of the array unit is calculated in real time by a wave control code calculation module of FPGA beam control software, and the amplitude-phase consistency compensation data of each channel is obtained by looking up a table from a preset channel amplitude-phase consistency compensation data table. And the preset channel amplitude and phase consistency compensation data table is stored in a ROM core of the FPGA beam control software and is read in real time according to the requirement.
When the sparse array antenna is arranged in a rectangular array mode, the array unit phase difference is calculated according to the following two-dimensional phased array wave control code calculation principle in the sine space:
according to the technical principle of phased array radar, for a planar phased array antenna with M rows and N columns, the phase difference of the unit located in the mth row and the nth column in the array relative to the (0,0) th unit (i.e. the reference unit) is as follows:
C(m,n)=mAkd1u+nAkd2v,m=0,1,…,M-1,n=0,1,…,N-1。
wherein, A is-180/pi, k is 2 pi/lambda,
Figure BDA0002780278360000052
v=sinθ,d1、d2respectively, the row and column spacing between adjacent array elements, and M, N the number of rows and columns, respectively, of the planar phased array.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the odd row units in the array are a rectangular array, and the phase difference of the array units is C1(m,n)=mAkd1u+nAkd2v, then the array element phase difference of the even row elements can be represented as C2(m,n)=C1(m, n) + Δ, wherein Δ is mAk (d)1/2)u+nAk(d2/2)v。
For a K-bit digital phase shifter, the beam control signal provides only a binary signal. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the digital phase shifter is 6 bits, i.e. the minimum phase shift is 2 pi/26Therefore, the wave control code B calculated in real time through the phase difference quantization of the array unit is C1(m, n) or C2(m, n) the result of rounding after modulo 360 and dividing by 5.625.
In the calculation process, the corresponding relation between the array unit position and the TR component channel is stored in a ROM core of FPGA beam control software, all channels are traversed when the TR component is in phase matching, the corresponding array unit position (m, n) is read in real time, and the wave control code of the array unit corresponding to each component channel is calculated in real time.
The channel amplitude and phase consistency compensation data table comprises compensation data under different frequency points, and the wave control code calculation module searches the compensation data corresponding to the frequency point from the preset channel amplitude and phase consistency compensation data table according to the frequency point number in the target information.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the channel amplitude and phase consistency compensation data is the difference between the measured channel amplitude and phase value and a reference channel amplitude and phase value, the amplitude calibration value has a minimum unit of 0.5, the phase calibration value has a minimum unit of 5.625, and both are represented by 6-bit binary numbers and keep consistent with the number of bits of the digital phase shifter.
Preferably, in order to not affect the performance of the antenna and use fewer units, the arrangement mode of the active phased array antenna based on the sparse array adopts triangular arrangement, and when calculating the wave control code calculated in real time, the wave control code calculation module is used for equivalent the triangular arrangement to rectangular array arrangement. The triangular array is as shown in fig. 3, and the triangular sparse array antenna is equivalent to a rectangular array, so that the wave control codes corresponding to the array units can be obtained through simpler and more convenient calculation.
Preferably, the wave control code calculation module adopts an IP core in the FPGA wave beam control software, and performs calculation by combining fixed-point calculation and floating-point calculation, so that the calculation speed and precision are improved.
The calculation in the FPGA software is usually fixed point number calculation, and the division calculation delay is large.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the calculation Akd is performed by a combination of fixed point and floating point calculations1u、Akd2v and Δ, the result of which is output as a fixed point number representation. The calculation process is shown in fig. 4, and in order to improve the accuracy, the beam direction transmitted by the signal processor DSP is an angle value enlarged by 100 times.
In the invention, the number of the delay clocks can be selected by the Floating-point IP core, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the delay is set to be 1 clock, and the clock of 50MHz is adopted in the invention, so the delay is 0.02 us.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Cordic IP core is used to calculate the trigonometric function value, and its input is 32 bits of data, including 3 integer bits and 29 decimal bits, and its output is 32 bits of data, including 2 integer bits and 30 decimal bits, which requires extra attention when applied. The Cordic IP core delays 36 clocks under the condition of 32-bit input data, and the clock of 50MHz is adopted in the invention, so the delay is 0.72 us.
Therefore, the wave control code calculation module adopts an IP core in the FPGA wave beam control software, and the time for calculation is 0.89us by combining fixed-point calculation and floating-point calculation.
Preferably, the wave control code calculation module calculates the real-time calculated wave control code by using a virtual bit technique, so as to improve the consistency of beam pointing (difference beam).
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, a 6-bit digital phase shifter is used, calculated according to 0.3516 (360/2)10) After quantization, rounding is carried out, and 10-bit wave control codes are changed, and only the front 6 bits are taken as TR component phase shift values.
Wherein, the quantization is performed according to 10 bits, and the specific calculation method is as follows: the division of the array unit phase difference by 0.3516 is equivalent to the division of the array unit phase difference by 8192 and then by 23299, and the embodiment is that the multiplication of the array unit phase difference by 23299 is firstly calculated by a multiplier, and then the lower 13 bits are cut off, thus completing the operation of dividing by 0.3516.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a 6-bit digital phase shifter is finally used, so the calculation result needs to cut off the lower 4 bits.
And step S400, the TR component signal control module determines the amplitude and phase value of the TR component according to the target wave control code so as to complete the wave beam pointing function of the sparse array active phased array antenna.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the TR module signal control module uses a 6-bit digital phase shifter to process the target wave control code, so as to obtain an amplitude value and a phase value of the TR module.
In summary, the active phased array antenna beam control method based on the sparse array provided by the invention calculates and controls the amplitude and phase value of the T/R component in the FPGA by receiving the beam pointing instruction transmitted by the signal processor, thereby completing the beam pointing function of the sparse array active phased array antenna. Further, compared with the prior art, the invention also has the following advantages:
1. the traditional active phased array antenna beam control system mostly adopts a DSP to complete complex calculation, and an FPGA only carries out simple multiply-add calculation;
2. the traditional phased array is mostly in a rectangular arrangement mode, the beam control is carried out on the triangular sparse array, fewer units are used under the condition that the performance of the antenna is not influenced, the system cost is reduced, the heat consumption of the system is reduced, and the method has obvious advantages in large-scale phased array units.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.

Claims (9)

1. An active phased array antenna beam control method based on a sparse array is characterized by being realized by adopting FPGA beam control software, wherein the FPGA beam control software comprises an RS422 receiving module, a communication decoding module, a wave control code calculation module and a TR component signal control module, and the method comprises the following steps:
the RS422 receiving module receives a beam pointing instruction transmitted by the signal processor;
the communication decoding module analyzes target information from the beam pointing instruction according to a communication protocol, wherein the target information comprises a beam pointing angle and a frequency point number;
the wave control code calculation module calculates the phase difference quantization of each array unit relative to a reference unit in real time to obtain a wave control code calculated in real time, and calculates a target wave control code by combining amplitude-phase consistency compensation data of each channel;
and the TR component signal control module determines the amplitude and phase value of the TR component according to the target wave control code so as to complete the wave beam pointing function of the sparse array active phased array antenna.
2. The sparse array based active phased array antenna beam control method of claim 1, wherein the FPGA beam control software is implemented in FPGA software of an ISE platform.
3. The sparse array based active phased array antenna beam control method of claim 1, wherein the sparse array based active phased array antenna is arranged in a triangular arrangement, and the wave control code calculation module is configured to equate the triangular arrangement to a rectangular array arrangement when calculating the real-time calculated wave control code.
4. The sparse array-based active phased array antenna beam control method of claim 1, wherein the channel amplitude-phase consistency compensation data is obtained by table look-up from a preset channel amplitude-phase consistency compensation data table.
5. The active phased array antenna beam control method based on sparse array as claimed in claim 4, wherein said preset channel amplitude and phase consistency compensation data table contains compensation data at different frequency points, and said wave control code calculation module searches the compensation data corresponding to the frequency point from said preset channel amplitude and phase consistency compensation data table according to the frequency point number in said target information.
6. The sparse array based active phased array antenna beam control method of claim 4, wherein the preset channel amplitude phase consistency compensation data table is stored in a ROM core of the FPGA beam control software.
7. The active phased array antenna beam control method based on sparse array as claimed in claim 1, wherein said wave control code calculation module adopts its own IP core in said FPGA beam control software, and performs calculation by combining fixed point and floating point calculation.
8. The sparse array based active phased array antenna beam control method of claim 1, wherein the beamforming code calculation module calculates the real-time calculated beamforming code using a virtual bit technique.
9. The sparse array based active phased array antenna beam control method of claim 8, wherein the TR element signal control module determines the amplitude and phase values of the TR element using 6-bit digital phase shifters;
and when the wave control code calculation module calculates the wave control code calculated in real time by adopting a virtual bit technology, the wave control code is quantized according to 0.3516 and then rounded, and only the front 6 bits are taken as the phase shift value of the TR component after the wave control code is changed into the 10-bit wave control code.
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