CN112382849A - Millimeter wave broadband end-fire dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna - Google Patents
Millimeter wave broadband end-fire dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN112382849A CN112382849A CN202011227027.6A CN202011227027A CN112382849A CN 112382849 A CN112382849 A CN 112382849A CN 202011227027 A CN202011227027 A CN 202011227027A CN 112382849 A CN112382849 A CN 112382849A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave broadband end-fire dual-polarized multi-beam array antenna, which comprises dual-polarized antenna units, a substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network and a dual-polarized switching structure which are sequentially connected; each dual-polarized switching structure output port (51) is connected with an input port (11) of a substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network; each dual polarized antenna element input port (52) is connected to a substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network output port (13). The upper substrate integrated waveguide and the lower substrate integrated waveguide form a substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network supporting dual polarization. The substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network is excited by a dual-polarized switching structure. The first metal layer, the second metal layer and the third metal layer are provided with dual-polarized antenna units. The substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network is connected with the end-fire dual-polarized antenna, so that the low-cost and small-sized millimeter wave end-fire dual-polarized multi-beam array antenna can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave and millimeter waves, in particular to a millimeter wave end-fire dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna.
Background
With the rapid development of the fifth generation mobile communication (5G) technology, the microwave millimeter wave system has increasingly complex functions and higher performance index requirements, and also has requirements for smaller size and lighter weight, and the whole system rapidly develops toward miniaturization, broadband and low cost. The multi-beam antenna generates a plurality of fixed beams through the beam forming network to point to different directions, and the aim of beam coverage is achieved. Common beam forming networks, such as Butler matrix and Blass matrix, are implemented by using circuit elements such as couplers or power splitters, and although they have good performance, they have relatively complex structures and large volumes, and are difficult to meet the requirement of system miniaturization. Meanwhile, the radiation direction of the end-fire antenna is parallel to the feed network, and the end-fire antenna is easier to integrate with a radio frequency circuit. On the other hand, the dual-polarized antenna can improve the data throughput of the system and is beneficial to improving the communication rate. Therefore, the millimeter wave end-fire dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna has important significance for the development of 5G millimeter wave base stations and terminals.
With regard to the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, experts, scholars, and engineering technicians in the related art have conducted extensive research and have formed a series of technical achievements. However, implementing a dual polarized beam forming network in a smaller space remains a problem with the disclosed millimeter wave multi-beam antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to provide a miniaturized millimeter wave end-fire dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna by utilizing a substrate integrated waveguide technology.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a millimeter wave broadband end-fire dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna, which comprises dual-polarization antenna units, a substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network and a dual-polarization switching structure which are sequentially connected; each output port of the dual-polarized switching structure is connected with an input port of a substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network; each dual-polarized antenna unit input port is connected with one substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network output port.
The multi-beam array antenna comprises a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer, a third metal layer and a metalized through hole penetrating through the layers, wherein the first metal layer, the first dielectric layer, the second metal layer, the second dielectric layer and the third metal layer are sequentially stacked from top to bottom; the substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network comprises an upper layer substrate integrated waveguide and a lower layer substrate integrated waveguide; the upper substrate integrated waveguide consists of a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer and a metalized through hole; the lower substrate integrated waveguide consists of a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer, a third metal layer and a metallized through hole.
The upper substrate integrated waveguide and the lower substrate integrated waveguide comprise multimode substrate integrated waveguides and substrate integrated waveguide extension lines.
The dual-polarized switching structure comprises vertical polarized signal via holes and horizontal polarized signal via holes, and the substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network is excited by the dual-polarized switching structure.
The dual-polarized antenna unit is characterized in that a triangular metal strip is arranged at one end of the first metal layer and one end of the third metal layer, a dipole antenna is arranged below the triangular metal strip, a rectangular metal strip is arranged below the dipole antenna, a substrate integrated waveguide inductive window is arranged below the rectangular metal strip, and a dual-polarized antenna unit input port is arranged below the substrate integrated waveguide inductive window, namely the other end of the first metal layer and the other end of the third metal layer.
The dual-polarized antenna unit is characterized in that a strip line L-shaped probe is arranged inside the second metal layer, a substrate integrated waveguide-strip line transition structure is arranged at the lower part of the strip line L-shaped probe, and a dual-polarized antenna unit input port is arranged at the lower end of the substrate integrated waveguide-strip line transition structure.
For the dual-polarized antenna units, when the array is not formed, the input ports of the dual-polarized antenna units are connected with the output ports of the dual-polarized switching structure, and the dual-polarized switching structure excites the dual-polarized antenna units.
Has the advantages that: the invention discloses a millimeter wave end-fire dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna which is compact in structure, and on the premise of realizing similar performance, a substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network is only half of the area of a traditional Butler matrix circuit. The antenna is manufactured on the dielectric substrate through the traditional PCB process and is easy to integrate with an active circuit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-beam antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a layered structure of a multi-beam antenna of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a stacked side view of a multi-beam antenna of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network of the multi-beam antenna of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first metal layer of the dual-polarized interposer of the multibeam antenna of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second metal layer of the dual-polarized interposer of the multibeam antenna of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third metal layer of the dual-polarized interposer of the multibeam antenna of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the first metal layer and the third metal layer of the dual-polarized antenna unit of the multibeam antenna of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a second metal layer of a dual-polarized antenna element of the multi-beam antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing simulation results of S-parameters of dual-polarized antenna units of the multi-beam antenna according to the present invention
Fig. 11 is a simulation result (26GHz) of horizontal and vertical plane patterns of the multi-beam antenna of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a second metal layer connecting 4 dual-polarized antenna elements of the multi-beam antenna of the present invention and a substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network;
figure 13 is a simulated and measured return loss and isolation of the multi-beam antenna of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a simulated and measured pattern and gain diagram of the multi-beam antenna of the present invention.
The figure shows that: the dual-polarization antenna comprises a first metal layer 1, a first dielectric layer 2, a second metal layer 3, a second dielectric layer 4, a third metal layer 5, a metalized via hole 6, an upper substrate integrated waveguide 7, a lower substrate integrated waveguide 8, a multi-mode substrate integrated waveguide 9, a substrate integrated waveguide extension line 10, a network output port 13, a vertical polarization signal via hole 14, a horizontal polarization signal via hole 15, a strip line-substrate integrated waveguide transition structure 16 on the second metal layer, an anti-welding pad 17, a triangular metal strip 18, a rectangular metal strip 19, a dipole antenna 20, a strip line L-shaped probe 21, a substrate integrated waveguide-strip line transition structure 22, a substrate integrated waveguide inductive window 23, a dual-polarization switching structure output port 51 and a dual-polarization antenna unit input port 52.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
The specific embodiment discloses a millimeter wave end-fire dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna, and a schematic diagram of the millimeter wave end-fire dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna is shown in fig. 1. The millimeter wave end-fire dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna consists of dual-polarization antenna units, a substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network and a dual-polarization switching structure. Ports 1-4 correspond to vertically polarized feed ports and ports 5-8 correspond to horizontally polarized feed ports.
As shown in fig. 2, the millimeter wave end-fire dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna includes a first metal layer 1, a first dielectric layer 2, a second metal layer 3, a second dielectric layer 4, and a third metal layer 5, which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom. The metallized via hole 6 penetrates through the first metal layer 1, the first dielectric layer 2, the second metal layer 3, the second dielectric layer 4 and the third metal layer 5. The substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network comprises an upper substrate integrated waveguide 7 and a lower substrate integrated waveguide 8 as shown in figure 3. The upper substrate integrated waveguide consists of a first metal layer 1, a first dielectric layer 2, a second metal layer 3 and a metalized via hole 6. The lower substrate integrated waveguide consists of a second metal layer 3, a second dielectric layer 4, a third metal layer 5 and a metallized through hole 6. The upper substrate integrated waveguide 7 and the lower substrate integrated waveguide 8 each include a multimode substrate integrated waveguide 9 and a substrate integrated waveguide extension 10, as shown in fig. 4. The input port 11 of the substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network is positioned at one side of the multi-mode substrate integrated waveguide, and the other side is the output port 12 of the multi-mode substrate integrated waveguide and is connected with the extension line 10 of the substrate integrated waveguide. The substrate integrated waveguide extension line 10 is used for compensating the phase of the multi-mode substrate integrated waveguide, and simultaneously, the distance between the output ports 13 of the substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network is adjusted, so that the substrate integrated waveguide extension line is conveniently and directly connected with an antenna.
As shown in fig. 5-7, the input port 11 of the substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network is excited by a dual-polarized interposer structure. The 4 substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network input ports 11 are respectively connected with a group of dual-polarized switching structures 51, and each group of dual-polarized switching structures comprises vertical polarized signal via holes 14 and horizontal polarized signal via holes 15. Vertical polarization signal via holes 14 penetrating through the first metal layer 1, the first dielectric layer 2, the second metal layer 3, the second dielectric layer 4 and the third metal layer 5 excite the same-phase electric fields in the upper substrate integrated waveguide 7 and the lower substrate integrated waveguide 8 for feeding of the vertical polarization antenna. The horizontal polarization signal via hole 15 penetrating through the first metal layer 1, the first dielectric layer 2 and the second metal layer 3 is connected with a strip line-substrate integrated waveguide transition structure 16 printed on the second metal layer, and an opposite-phase electric field is excited by the upper substrate integrated waveguide 7 and the lower substrate integrated waveguide 8 for feeding of the horizontal polarization antenna. To avoid short-circuiting of the vertical signal vias 14 and the horizontal signal vias 15, anti-pads 17 are provided on the first metal layer 1 and the third metal layer 5, respectively.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the dual-polarized antenna unit comprises a triangular metal strip 18, a rectangular metal strip 19, a dipole antenna 20, a strip line L-shaped probe 21 and a substrate integrated waveguide-strip line transition structure 22, wherein the triangular metal strip 18 and the rectangular metal strip 19 are arranged on a first metal layer 1 and a third metal layer 5, and the strip line L-shaped probe 21 is arranged on a second metal layer 3. The patterns of the dual-polarized antenna units on the first metal layer 1 and the third metal layer 5 are consistent. The dual-polarized antenna element input ports 52 may be connected to a set of dual-polarized patch structure output ports 51 for exciting the dual-polarized antenna elements. For vertical polarization radiation, the vertical signal via 14 excites an in-phase electric field to open the substrate integrated waveguide antenna in the dual-polarized antenna element. The bandwidth of the vertical polarization antenna is expanded through the loaded triangular metal strips 18, the rectangular metal strips 19 and the substrate integrated waveguide inductive window 23. For horizontally polarized radiation, the horizontally polarized signal via 15 excites an electric field in opposite phase through the substrate integrated waveguide-stripline transition structure 22, exciting the stripline L-shaped probe 21. The stripline L-probe 21 couples energy to the dipole antenna 20, implementing a horizontally polarized antenna. Fig. 10 is a diagram showing simulation results of S-parameters of the antenna. Simulation results show that the antenna has good return loss at 24.2-27.85GHz, and the isolation between ports in the frequency band is better than-20 dB. Fig. 11 is a simulation result of horizontal and vertical plane patterns of the dual-polarized antenna unit at a frequency of 26 GHz. The horizontal polarization gain and the vertical polarization gain of the dual-polarized antenna unit are respectively 4.5dBi and 4.3 dBi. The simulation results show that at 26GHz, the cross-polarization component is more than 20dB smaller than the co-polarization component.
The dual-polarized multi-beam antenna array can be realized by connecting 4 dual-polarized switching structure output ports 51 with 1 substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network input port 11, and connecting 4 dual-polarized antenna unit input ports 52 with 1 substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network output port 13, as shown in fig. 12. In order to improve the symmetry of the multi-beam directional diagram, the strip line L-shaped probes 21 are symmetrically arranged, and a section of phase compensation strip line is added to compensate the phase difference introduced by the symmetrical arrangement. Fig. 13 shows the return loss and the isolation of the millimeter wave end-fire dual-polarized multi-beam array, and the actual measurement result shows that the antenna has good return loss at 24-27GHz, and the isolation between ports in the frequency band is better than-12 dB. Fig. 14 is a diagram of a directional diagram and a gain diagram of simulation and actual measurement of a millimeter wave end-fire dual-polarized multi-beam array, and it can be seen that the 3dB beam width of the dual-polarized antenna can cover a range of ± 41 °, and meanwhile, the in-band gain is better than 8.5 dBi.
The antenna provided by the invention has the characteristics of compact structure, better multi-beam performance, flatter in-band gain, higher orthogonal polarization discrimination and the like, can realize a miniaturized millimeter wave end-fire dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna, and is directly integrated with a 5G millimeter wave radio frequency multi-channel chip.
Claims (7)
1. A millimeter wave broadband end-fire dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna is characterized by comprising sequentially connected dual-polarization antenna units, a substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network and a dual-polarization switching structure; each dual-polarized switching structure output port (51) is connected with an input port (11) of a substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network; each dual polarized antenna element input port (52) is connected to a substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network output port (13).
2. The millimeter wave broadband end-fire dual-polarized multi-beam array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the multi-beam array antenna comprises a first metal layer (1), a first dielectric layer (2), a second metal layer (3), a second dielectric layer (4), a third metal layer (5) and a metalized through hole (6) penetrating through all the layers, wherein the first metal layer, the first dielectric layer (2), the second metal layer, the second dielectric layer (4) and the third metal layer are sequentially stacked from top to bottom; the substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network comprises an upper substrate integrated waveguide (7) and a lower substrate integrated waveguide (8); the upper substrate integrated waveguide (7) consists of a first metal layer (1), a first dielectric layer (2), a second metal layer (3) and a metalized through hole (6); the lower substrate integrated waveguide (8) is composed of a second metal layer (3), a second dielectric layer (4), a third metal layer (5) and a metalized through hole (6).
3. The millimeter wave broadband end-fire dual-polarized multi-beam array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the upper-layer substrate integrated waveguide (7) and the lower-layer substrate integrated waveguide (8) both comprise a multi-mode substrate integrated waveguide (9) and a substrate integrated waveguide extension line (10).
4. The millimeter wave broadband end-fire dual-polarized multi-beam array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the dual-polarized switching structure comprises vertical polarized signal via holes (14) and horizontal polarized signal via holes (15), and the substrate integrated waveguide beam forming network is excited through the dual-polarized switching structure.
5. The millimeter wave broadband end-fire dual-polarized multi-beam array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the dual-polarized antenna unit is characterized in that a triangular metal strip (18) is arranged at one end of the first metal layer (1) and one end of the third metal layer (5), a dipole antenna (20) is arranged below the triangular metal strip (18), a rectangular metal strip (19) is arranged below the dipole antenna (20), a substrate integrated waveguide inductive window (23) is arranged below the rectangular metal strip (19), and a dual-polarized antenna unit input port (52) is arranged below the substrate integrated waveguide inductive window (23), namely the other end of the first metal layer (1) and the other end of the third metal layer (5).
6. The millimeter wave broadband end-fire dual-polarized multi-beam array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the dual-polarized antenna unit is characterized in that a strip line L-shaped probe (21) is arranged inside the second metal layer (3), a substrate integrated waveguide-strip line transition structure (22) is arranged at the lower part of the strip line L-shaped probe (21), and a dual-polarized antenna unit input port (52) is arranged at the lower end of the substrate integrated waveguide-strip line transition structure (22).
7. The millimeter wave broadband end-fire dual polarized multi-beam array antenna of claim 5, wherein: for the dual-polarized antenna units, when the array is not formed, the input ports (52) of the dual-polarized antenna units are connected with a group of output ports (51) of the dual-polarized switching structure, and the dual-polarized switching structure excites the dual-polarized antenna units.
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| US20110175780A1 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2011-07-21 | Rf Microtech S.R.L. | Flat scanning antenna |
| US20140240186A1 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-08-28 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Open end antenna, antenna array, and related system and method |
| CN109616778A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-04-12 | 东南大学 | The passive multiple-beam array device of millimeter wave and its implementation for mobile terminal |
| CN109687124A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-04-26 | 东南大学 | A kind of Millimeter Wave Phased Array Antenna device and its implementation for mobile terminal |
| CN109768381A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-05-17 | 东南大学 | A kind of the millimeter wave digital multiple beam array device and implementation method of mobile terminal |
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- 2020-11-06 CN CN202011227027.6A patent/CN112382849B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110175780A1 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2011-07-21 | Rf Microtech S.R.L. | Flat scanning antenna |
| US20140240186A1 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-08-28 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Open end antenna, antenna array, and related system and method |
| CN109616778A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-04-12 | 东南大学 | The passive multiple-beam array device of millimeter wave and its implementation for mobile terminal |
| CN109687124A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-04-26 | 东南大学 | A kind of Millimeter Wave Phased Array Antenna device and its implementation for mobile terminal |
| CN109768381A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-05-17 | 东南大学 | A kind of the millimeter wave digital multiple beam array device and implementation method of mobile terminal |
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