CN112379639B - Control method based on multi-electron gun EBSM equipment control system - Google Patents
Control method based on multi-electron gun EBSM equipment control system Download PDFInfo
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
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Abstract
The invention relates to a control method based on a multi-electron gun EBSM equipment control system. The problems that an existing control system of an industrial internet matched with an OPC protocol cannot cooperatively control a plurality of electron guns and a DCS control system is high in cost and low in processing efficiency are solved. The system comprises a CNC system, a PLC, a server, an industrial personal computer and an electronic gun control cabinet component; in the control method, a CNC system performs servo control on each motor shaft of a workbench; the PLC controls components such as a powder feeding system, a powder laying system and the like; the server carries out scanning path planning on the workpiece to be formed and processes the scanning path and the parameters into various control programs; the industrial personal computer sends a starting instruction to the CNC system, downloads a printing program from the server and executes the printing program; the industrial personal computer also monitors the rotation angle of the C axis of the workbench, calculates the error between the exact position of the C axis and the theoretical position of the C axis, and corrects the current program; and the electronic gun control cabinet assembly receives and executes the printing program sent by the industrial personal computer to perform cooperative control of the multiple groups of electronic gun units.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a control method of EBSM equipment, in particular to a control method of multi-electron gun EBSM equipment.
Background
Electron Beam Selective Melting (EBSM) metal additive manufacturing techniques use an electron beam as an energy source to manufacture solid parts by melting metal powder layer by layer in a high vacuum environment. Because the power of the electron beam is high, the material has high energy absorption rate to the electron beam, the finished piece has the characteristics of high density, low oxygen content, low thermal stress, difficult deformation and cracking, high printing efficiency, material utilization rate and the like, and is widely applied in the fields of medical treatment, aerospace and the like. The process comprises the following steps: firstly, spreading a layer of powder on a powder spreading plane; then, the electron beam is selectively melted under the control of a computer according to the information of the cross section profile, the metal powder is melted together under the bombardment of the electron beam and is bonded with the formed part below, and the metal powder is stacked layer by layer until the whole part is completely melted; finally, the excess powder is removed to obtain the desired three-dimensional product.
As shown in fig. 1, the EBSM apparatus generally comprises an electron gun 01, a work table 06, a molding chamber 02, a powder feeding system, a powder spreading system 07, a vacuum system, a cooling system, a control system, and the like. The powder feeding system (some devices do not use the system, and only have a powder storage bin) is responsible for feeding the metal powder to the powder spreading system. The powder spreading system spreads the powder on the forming surface 03 on the moving platform, and the powder is uniformly spread and scraped. The electron gun generates high energy to locally melt the metal powder on command to form a cross section of the workpiece 04. The vacuum system is responsible for evacuating the forming chamber 02 so that the electron beam can work normally (the electron energy is not attenuated in vacuum). The cooling system protects the transmission components and the like from exceeding normal use temperature. The control system needs to coordinate the motion time sequence between the electron gun and the motion platform and schedule the control time sequences of the forming chamber, the powder feeding system, the powder spreading system, the vacuum system and the cooling system, so that all the processes can be performed reliably and orderly.
The control system commonly used at present adopts the control system of the industrial internet matched with the OPC protocol as shown in fig. 2. The lower computer PLC is programmed and applies industrial Ethernet and OPC technology to establish software and hardware foundation for the process monitoring layer and the management layer. And finally, designing a complete set of central control system software of the arc additive manufacturing equipment on a computer by using a graphical programming language LabVIEW. The control system software comprises four operation interfaces with different authorities, namely a manager, an engineer, a data recorder and an operator, and has the functions of user management, database interaction, monitoring and control of the electric arc additive manufacturing process and the like, so that the whole electric arc additive manufacturing process is ensured to be smoothly carried out, and the automation of the one-time rapid electric arc additive manufacturing process of large-size metal pipe fittings (house ringing, development of an electric arc additive manufacturing technology control system, Harbin university) is realized. The core idea of the control system is to establish the relationship between an industrial personal computer and a master station and a slave station of a PLC (programmable logic controller), match the systems by taking an OPC (optical proximity correction) protocol as a communication mode through an industrial Ethernet way, solve the problem of non-uniformity of programming languages of an upper computer and a lower computer and further complete the organic combination of different control platforms. However, the system does not consider the cooperative control of multiple electron guns, and cannot be applied to multiple electron gun additive manufacturing equipment at present.
The distributed control system DCS shown in fig. 3 can realize cooperative control of multiple electron guns (lubin, study of modeling and control algorithm of a high-current electron gun based on a T-S fuzzy model 2015, institute of graduates of chinese academy of sciences (shanghai institute of applied physics)), the control idea is to divide the whole accelerator control system into a plurality of relatively independent subsystems, perform hardware selection and program design according to the control requirements of each subsystem, and finally connect the subsystems together through a network protocol. At present, network protocols are various, so the selection of the network protocol is also an important content of distributed control. The control mode enables each subsystem to share the functions of the control system and realize the global management of the control system on the basis of the communication protocol. FIG. 4 shows an electronic accelerator distributed control system based on an industrial personal computer and a programmable logic controller PLC. The upper computer (industrial personal computer) is used for setting operation parameters, modifying parameters on line, monitoring the operation of the accelerator, alarming and displaying a fault lamp; the lower computer (PLC) is mainly used for completing data acquisition and operation, executing a user program, detecting an operation state and realizing final control; and a local area network connection mode is selected, and access is performed by a client/server (C/S) mode through a TCP/IP protocol. Compared with a centralized control system, the distributed control system has high reliability. However, the DCS control system adopts the upper computer to plan the printing path of the formed workpiece, and occupies computer resources in the whole equipment processing time, so that the system cost is high, and the processing efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a control system of multi-electron gun EBSM equipment, aiming at solving the problems that the existing control system of industrial Internet matched with OPC protocol can not cooperatively control a plurality of electron guns, and the DCS control system has higher cost and lower processing efficiency.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a control system of a multi-electron gun EBSM device is characterized in that: the system comprises a CNC system, a PLC, a server, an industrial personal computer and an electronic gun control cabinet component;
the CNC system is a 3-axis double-gantry linkage interpolation motion control system and is used for performing servo control on each motor shaft of the workbench;
the PLC is used for controlling the powder feeding system, the powder spreading system, the vacuum system, the box door of the forming chamber and the electric furnace of the workbench; the PLC transmits data and interacts instructions with the CNC system through a communication bus;
the server carries out scanning path planning on the workpiece to be formed, processes the scanning path and the parameters into various instruction codes and related parameters, and generates an electronic gun signal generation control program section, a printing characteristic attribute identification program section, a calibration parameter table and other extensible user-defined extensible program sections; the printing characteristic attribute identification program segment is a program segment used for distinguishing specific characteristics of a boundary, filling and melting, an upper surface skin, a lower surface skin, a supporting area and the like of a workpiece to be molded; the calibration parameter table is a calibration deviation value of each key point of the electron gun and guides a real printing path of the electron gun;
the industrial personal computer is communicated with the CNC system, the electronic gun control cabinet assembly and the server and is used for sending a starting instruction to the CNC system, downloading related parameters from the server and executing a printing characteristic attribute recognition program segment and an electronic gun signal generation control program segment; the industrial personal computer is also used for monitoring the rotating angle of the C axis of the workbench, sampling and analyzing to obtain the exact position of the C axis; comparing the exact position of the C axis with the theoretical position of the C axis corresponding to the current electron gun signal generation control program segment, calculating the error between the exact position of the C axis and the theoretical position of the C axis, and sending the corrected current electron gun signal generation control program segment to the electron gun control cabinet component after calling the calibration parameter table; the process is carried out in real time, so that real-time matching with the position of the C axis of the workbench and the motion code of the electron gun can be completed.
The electronic gun control cabinet assembly comprises a plurality of independent electronic gun control cabinets, and each electronic gun control cabinet is communicated with the industrial personal computer through different network ports and is used for receiving and executing a printing characteristic attribute identification program and an electronic gun signal generation control program sent by the industrial personal computer and performing cooperative control on a plurality of groups of electronic gun units.
Furthermore, the industrial personal computer comprises a grating ruler reading board card, and the grating ruler reading board card is used for monitoring the rotation angle of the C axis of the workbench.
The invention also provides a control method of the control system based on the multi-electron gun EBSM equipment, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 3, communicating the CNC system with a PLC (programmable logic controller), controlling a box door of the forming chamber to be closed and locked by the PLC, and then controlling a vacuum system to vacuumize the forming chamber to reach a required vacuum value;
in the scanning process, an industrial personal computer monitors the rotation angle of the C axis of the workbench, and samples and analyzes the rotation angle to obtain the exact position of the C axis; comparing the exact position of the C axis with the theoretical position of the C axis corresponding to the current electron gun signal generation control program segment, calculating the error between the exact position of the C axis and the theoretical position of the C axis, and sending the corrected current electron gun signal generation control program segment to the electron gun control cabinet component after calling the calibration parameter table;
step 7, in the process that the workbench rotates for one circle from 0 bit, the workbench gradually reduces the height under the action of the electric lifting mechanism according to an instruction sent by the CNC system, and meanwhile powder paving and printing are completed;
step 9, when the temperature of the chamber to be formed is reduced to room temperature, the PLC controls to open a deflation valve of the vacuum chamber so as to restore the environment of the vacuum chamber to atmospheric pressure;
step 10, the PLC controls the door of the forming chamber to be opened;
and 11, controlling the workbench and horizontally moving the workbench out of the working room by the CNC system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the control system monitors the position of the C axis of the workbench in real time by using the industrial personal computer, compares and analyzes the real-time position of the C axis with the theoretical position of the C axis corresponding to the current operation program, corrects the current operation program if an error exists, and can realize the cooperative control of the movement of a plurality of electron guns and the movement of each electron gun and the rotary workbench; the process is carried out in real time, so that real-time matching with the position of the C axis of the workbench and the motion code of the electron gun can be completed. The positions of other shafting can be scheduled through the C axis, and the electron gun can also be scheduled through the C axis, so that the coordinated control of the electron gun and the shafting can be realized through the C axis grating ruler.
2. The control system can plan the printing path of the formed workpiece in a server cloud computing mode, does not occupy the computing resource overhead in the whole equipment processing time, and can effectively reduce the equipment cost.
3. The cloud printing program computing mode of the server used by the control system can be shared by a plurality of large-size complex electron beam metal additive manufacturing (EBSM) devices, computing resources can be fully utilized, and information sharing and database establishment are realized.
4. The control system can give full play to the advantages of a CNC system, ensure the running precision and stability of each shaft of the equipment, give full play to the process control advantages of the PLC, and ensure the time sequence unification of systems such as a temperature control system, a vacuum system, a heating system and the like of the equipment.
5. The industrial personal computer in the control system of the invention adopts a data input mode of a calibration parameter table, obtains parameters required by program operation from the server, directly executes codes without interpolation operation, has good real-time performance and occupies low computing resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a prior art EBSM device;
the reference numbers in the figures are: 01-electron gun, 02-forming chamber, 03-forming surface, 04-workpiece, 05-powder cylinder, 06-workbench and 07-powder spreading system;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a conventional industrial Ethernet control system with OPC protocol;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art distributed DCS control system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a DCS control component;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a control system according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an EBSM device in the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a worktable assembly in the EBSM equipment in the embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an EBSM apparatus with a print workpiece and a toner cylinder during printing;
the reference numbers in the figures are:
1-a forming chamber, 2-a workbench component, 3-a printing component, 4-a powder feeding component, 5-a powder paving and compacting component and 6-a vacuum system;
11-box body, 12-box door;
21-a table, 22-a table support drive;
221-upright post, 222-sliding table,
31-electron gun, 32-print scan zone;
51-a powder spreading compaction device;
8-workpiece.
Detailed Description
The invention can be applied to the EBSM equipment with multiple electron guns to realize the cooperative control of the multiple electron guns. The control system is shown in fig. 5: the system comprises a CNC system, a PLC, a server, an industrial personal computer and an electronic gun control cabinet component;
the CNC system is used for performing servo control on each motor shaft of the workbench and is a 3-shaft double-gantry linkage interpolation motion control system. The PLC is used for controlling the powder feeding system, the powder spreading system, the vacuum system, the box door of the forming chamber and the electric furnace of the workbench; the PLC transmits data and interacts instructions with the CNC system through a communication bus; the server carries out scanning path planning on the workpiece to be formed, processes the scanning path and the parameters into various instruction codes and related parameters, and generates an electronic gun signal generation control program section, a printing characteristic attribute identification program section, a calibration parameter table and other extensible user-defined extensible program sections;
the industrial personal computer comprises a grating ruler reading board card, the grating ruler reading board card is used for monitoring the C-axis rotation angle of the workbench, sampling and analyzing are carried out, and the accurate position of the C axis is obtained; comparing the exact position of the C axis with the theoretical position of the C axis corresponding to the current electron gun signal generation control program segment, calculating the error between the exact position of the C axis and the theoretical position of the C axis, and sending the corrected current electron gun signal generation control program segment to the electron gun control cabinet component after calling the calibration parameter table; and also for executing the electron gun signal generation control program segment by a program downloaded from the server; the electronic gun control cabinet assembly comprises a plurality of independent electronic gun control cabinets, and each electronic gun control cabinet is communicated with the industrial personal computer through different net ports and used for receiving a control program sent by the industrial personal computer, performing cooperative control on a plurality of groups of electronic gun units and performing real-time matching on the positions of C axes of the workbench.
Control may be achieved by:
step 3, communicating the CNC system with a PLC (programmable logic controller), controlling a box door of the forming chamber to be closed and locked by the PLC, and then controlling a vacuum system to vacuumize the forming chamber to reach a required vacuum value;
step 7, in the process that the workbench rotates for one circle from 0 bit, the workbench gradually reduces the height under the action of the electric lifting mechanism according to an instruction sent by the CNC system, and meanwhile powder paving and printing are completed;
step 9, when the temperature of the chamber to be formed is reduced to room temperature, the PLC controls to open a deflation valve of the vacuum chamber so as to restore the environment of the vacuum chamber to atmospheric pressure;
step 10, the PLC controls the door of the forming chamber to be opened;
and 11, controlling the workbench and horizontally moving the workbench out of the working room by the CNC system.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 6, the EBSM device of this embodiment mainly includes: an electron gun component 3, a forming chamber 1, a vacuum system 6, a control system, a powder feeding component 4, a powder paving and compacting component 5, a workbench component 2 and the like.
The forming chamber 1 is used for providing a vacuum printing environment and meeting the use requirements of electron beams or laser beams, and comprises a box body 11 and a box door 12, wherein the box door 12 is driven by a motor to realize push-pull opening and closing along an upper sliding rail and is locked by an air cylinder. The box body 11 and the box door 12 are effectively sealed, and the vacuumizing effect is ensured.
The vacuum system 6 is composed of parts such as a molecular pump, a roots pump, a screw pump, a valve and the like, and finishes the vacuum pumping task of the forming chamber 1.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the table assembly 2 includes a table 21 and a table supporting and driving device 22, and the table supporting and driving device 22 includes a column 221, a sliding table 222, and the like in this embodiment. Two upright columns 221 are fixed on the sliding table 222 through bolts, and an elevating mechanism is arranged on the upright columns 221, and the working table 21 can be elevated along the upright columns 221 under the driving of the elevating mechanism. The lifting mechanism includes a lifting motor, a lead screw, a guide rail on the column 221, and the like. The slide table 222 is provided with a horizontal moving mechanism, and the table 21 can move in the horizontal direction under the driving of the horizontal moving mechanism, so that the table 21 can move in and out of the molding chamber 1. The horizontal movement mechanism includes a roller, a guide rail, a screw, and the like, which are disposed under the slide table 222. The lifting mechanism and the horizontal moving mechanism are provided with linear grating rulers for measuring and positioning. The table-board of workstation 21 is the ring shape, and excircle diameter 1500mm, interior circle diameter 350 mm. A rotary driving mechanism is arranged below the workbench 21, and the rotary driving mechanism comprises a rotary motor, a rotary bearing, a c-axis circular grating ruler and the like and drives the workbench 21 to rotate. An electric furnace is arranged in the workbench 21 and plays a role in preheating the powder.
The electron gun assembly 3 is composed of a plurality of sets of electron gun units, each set of electron gun units includes at least two electron guns. The electron guns in each group of electron gun units are arranged along the same straight line; each group of electron gun units form a printing scanning area in the same radius area of the annular table top of the workbench, and the printing scanning areas of the electron gun units are uniformly distributed along the same circumference.
As can be seen from fig. 8, the present embodiment includes two sets of electron gun units, each set of electron gun unit includes two electron guns, and is fixed on the top of the forming chamber 1, and the electron gun units generate electron beams to form a printing scan area 32 on the annular table of the worktable 21; the two electron guns in each group of electron gun units are arranged along the same straight line, a printing scanning area 32 is formed in the same radius area of the annular table top of the workbench, and the printing scanning areas 32 of the two groups of electron gun units are located in the same diameter of the annular table top of the workbench. And printing an inner circular ring area and an outer circular ring area of the annular table surface of the two electron guns in each group of electron gun units. The electron guns work in coordination to avoid mutual interference.
The powder feeding component 4 is arranged at the upper part outside the box body 11 and is not in a vacuum environment (different from the prior art), so that the working environment is good and the manufacturing cost is saved. And saves the space of the molding chamber 1. The function of the device is to quantitatively and accurately feed the powder in the powder bin into the powder spreading and compacting device 51. The powder feeding wheels are respectively driven by the motors to meet the powder feeding requirements of different quantities at multiple positions, the use of powder is reduced, and the time is saved.
The powder spreading compaction assembly 5 comprises a plurality of powder spreading compaction devices 51 which are fixed at the top of the forming chamber 1, and powder spreading heads are positioned in the forming chamber 1 and are arranged right above the workbench 21; the projection of each powder paving compacting device 51 on the annular table top of the workbench is positioned in different radius areas of the annular table top of the workbench, and the projections of the powder paving compacting devices 51 on the annular table top of the workbench are uniformly distributed along the same circumference for continuously spreading and strickling and compacting powder on the workbench 21 in a spiral manner; the projection of each powder spreading and compacting device 51 on the annular table top of the workbench and the printing and scanning area 32 of each group of electron gun units form an included angle, and the included angles can be uniformly distributed on the table top of the workbench 21 at intervals.
As can be seen from fig. 8, the powder spreading and compacting assembly 5 of the present embodiment comprises two powder spreading and compacting devices 51 fixed on the top of the forming chamber 1, and the powder spreading head is positioned in the forming chamber 1 and is positioned right above the workbench 21; the projection of each powder paving compacting device 51 on the annular table top of the working table is positioned in different radius areas of the annular table top of the working table, and the projections of the two powder paving compacting devices 51 on the annular table top of the working table are positioned in the same diameter of the annular table top of the working table and are perpendicular to the printing scanning areas 32 of all the groups of electronic gun units; for continuously spreading and screeding the powder in a spiral fashion onto the table 21. The toner container in this embodiment is not a fixed member of the apparatus, but is formed on the substrate 7 gradually as it is printed out together with the workpiece during the printing of the workpiece.
The control system is responsible for coordinated motion control among the various components. And coordinating the motion time sequence between the electron gun unit and the workbench 21, and scheduling the control time sequences of the forming chamber 1, the powder feeding assembly 4, the powder paving and compacting assembly 5, the vacuum system 6 and the cooling system to ensure that all processes are reliably and orderly carried out.
The control system is shown in fig. 5, and the main control part comprises a CNC system, a PLC, an industrial personal computer, a server and an electronic gun control cabinet. The CNC system performs servo control on each motor shaft of the rotation driving mechanism, the elevating mechanism, and the horizontal movement mechanism of the table 21. The PLC controls the powder paving compaction assembly 5, the vacuum system 6, the powder feeding assembly 4, the electric furnace, the pneumatic part and the door opening and closing of the forming chamber 1, and data transmission and instruction interaction are carried out through a communication bus and a CNC system. The server performs path planning on the workpiece 8 to be formed, fuses the process parameters to the control codes, and generates an electron gun signal generation program section, a printing characteristic attribute identification program section, a calibration parameter table and other extensible user-defined extensible program sections. The industrial personal computer performs data sampling and analysis on the 21C-axis circular grating of the workbench through the grating ruler reading board card, acquires the exact position of the C axis, compares the exact position with the prior normal operation program section, and performs real-time correction work; at the same time, an electron gun control program is executed. The industrial personal computer sends the control code to each electronic gun control cabinet through the network port, and the multi-electronic gun cooperative control and the real-time matching with the rotating position of the workbench 21 are carried out.
The control system comprises the following working steps:
1. early preparation work: inputting, analyzing, processing, optimizing the process and the like of a three-dimensional graph of a workpiece in a server; determining the size of the powder cylinder, and recording a three-dimensional graph of the powder cylinder and a workpiece graph together; then, carrying out spiral slicing, and determining a printing path and related parameters (including a printing area, a printing sequence, a printing speed, a printing range, a light spot size, energy level and the like); processing the data into various instruction codes and related parameters, and downloading the instruction codes and the related parameters into an industrial personal computer for later use; the equipment is reset to zero, and each error parameter is cleared and reset.
2. The industrial personal computer sends a start instruction, the CNC system starts working immediately, the workbench 21 is controlled to prepare at the lowest limit position outside the box body 11, the substrate 7 is placed on the surface of the workbench 21, the sliding table 222 horizontal moving mechanism is started, the workbench assembly 2 is horizontally moved into the forming chamber 1, and after the substrate reaches a position, the accurate parking is realized through limit control.
3. The CNC system starts the lifting mechanism of the workbench 21 to lift the workbench 21 to the upper limit position, and at this time, the upper surface of the substrate 7 reaches the elevation position of the printing surface (controlled by limit).
4. The CNC system and the PLC communicate, a box door 12 of the control equipment is closed, a pneumatic system is controlled to lock the box door 12, then a control program of the PLC vacuum system 6 is started, the vacuum chamber of the equipment is vacuumized, and a required vacuum value is achieved.
5. The PLC starts the electric furnace in the table 21 to preheat the substrate 7 to a required preheating temperature.
6. After the PLC adjusts the powder output of the powder feeding component 4 to a required value, the CNC system adjusts the worktable supporting and driving device 22, so that the rotation direction, the rotation speed and the moving speed along the Z direction of the worktable 21 in the XY plane can reach the required value. The powder feeding assembly is responsible for quantitatively feeding powder to a powder spreading and compacting device 51 (positioned on an x axis), the powder spreading and compacting device 51 uniformly compacts the powder on the substrate 7 of the workbench 21 and simultaneously preheats the powder, and the workbench 21 rotates at a constant speed and descends;
7. when the CNC system control workbench 21 rotates to 1/4 circles (to the y-axis position), the industrial personal computer monitors the rotation angle of the C axis to be in place, all electronic gun control cabinets are controlled, a high-power electron beam (the maximum power reaches 3KW) is turned on, powder in the cross section of the model is melted under scanning according to a scanning path input by the computer, and the powder is solidified and deposited to form a part cross section and a follow-up powder cylinder cross section;
note: the two sets of lay-down compaction apparatus 51 and gun scanning were operated in steps 6 and 7 simultaneously.
8. In the process that the workbench 21 rotates for one circle from 0 bit, the workbench 21 gradually reduces the height of 2 layers of thickness under the action of the electric lifting mechanism according to the instruction sent by the CNC system (2 layers can be printed after one circle of the workbench 21 because of double-helix powder spreading printing);
9. the entry table 21 is lowered for a second rotation while printing the third and fourth layers … … continuing the third rotation while printing the fifth and sixth layers and the fourth rotation while printing the seventh and eighth layers.
10. The PLC controls to close the electric furnace in the workbench 21, the workbench 21 continues to rotate at a constant speed and descend, the workbench continues to rotate and descend in the fifth circle while printing the ninth layer and the tenth layer, the workbench continues to rotate and descend in the sixth circle while printing the eleventh layer and the twelfth layer, and the workbench continues to rotate and descend in the seventh circle while printing the thirteenth layer and the fourteenth layer.
11. Until the printing of the workpiece and the wall of the follow-up powder cylinder is finished, the PLC controls to close the powder feeding assembly and the rotating and lifting motors of the rotary worktable 21, the electric furnaces on the two sides of the worktable 21 are closed, and the industrial personal computer controls to close the electronic gun.
12. The PLC starts the lifting motor of the working platform 21 to enable the working platform 21 and the follow-up powder cylinder on the working platform to be lowered to the lowest point.
13. When the temperature of the vacuum chamber is reduced to room temperature, the PLC controls to open the air release valve of the vacuum chamber, so that the environment of the vacuum chamber recovers to atmospheric pressure.
13. The PLC starts the door opening motor to open the door 12.
14. The CNC system controls the starting sliding table 222 to horizontally move the motor, so that the workbench 21 and the follow-up powder cylinder on the workbench are horizontally moved out of the working chamber.
Claims (2)
1. The control method is based on a control system of the multi-electron gun EBSM equipment, wherein the control system of the multi-electron gun EBSM equipment comprises a CNC system, a PLC, a server, an industrial personal computer and an electron gun control cabinet assembly;
the CNC system is a 3-axis double-gantry linkage interpolation motion control system and is used for performing servo control on each motor shaft of the workbench;
the PLC is used for controlling the powder feeding system, the powder spreading system, the vacuum system, the box door of the forming chamber and the electric furnace of the workbench; the PLC transmits data and interacts instructions with the CNC system through a communication bus;
the server carries out scanning path planning on the workpiece to be formed, processes the scanning path and the parameters into various instruction codes and related parameters, and generates an electronic gun signal generation control program section, a printing characteristic attribute identification program section, a calibration parameter table and other extensible user-defined extensible program sections;
the industrial personal computer is communicated with the CNC system, the electronic gun control cabinet assembly and the server and is used for sending a starting instruction to the CNC system, downloading related parameters from the server and executing a printing characteristic attribute recognition program segment and an electronic gun signal generation control program segment; the industrial personal computer is also used for monitoring the rotating angle of the C axis of the workbench, sampling and analyzing to obtain the exact position of the C axis; comparing the exact position of the C axis with the theoretical position of the C axis corresponding to the current electron gun signal generation control program segment, calculating the error between the exact position of the C axis and the theoretical position of the C axis, and calling a calibration parameter table to correct the current electron gun signal generation control program segment;
the electronic gun control cabinet assembly comprises a plurality of independent electronic gun control cabinets, each electronic gun control cabinet is communicated with the industrial personal computer through different network ports and is used for receiving and executing a printing characteristic attribute identification program and an electronic gun signal generation control program sent by the industrial personal computer, scanning is carried out according to a scanning path, and cooperative control of a plurality of groups of electronic gun units is carried out;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, early preparation: inputting and analyzing a three-dimensional graph of a workpiece to be formed in a server; then, carrying out spiral slicing to determine a scanning path; processing the scanning path data into various instruction codes and related parameters, and generating an electronic gun signal generation control program section, a printing characteristic attribute identification program section, a calibration parameter table and other extensible user-defined extensible program sections; downloading the data to an industrial personal computer for later use;
step 2, the industrial personal computer sends a starting instruction, the CNC system starts to work, and the workbench is controlled to reach a working position;
step 3, communicating the CNC system with a PLC (programmable logic controller), controlling a box door of the forming chamber to be closed and locked by the PLC, and then controlling a vacuum system to vacuumize the forming chamber to reach a required vacuum value;
step 4, the PLC starts the electric furnace in the workbench to preheat the substrate to reach the required preheating temperature;
step 5, the PLC adjusts the rotating speed of a motor of the powder feeding system to a required value, and the CNC system adjusts the rotation of the workbench and the steering and rotating speed of the lifting motor to the required value; starting the rotating and lifting motors of the powder feeding system and the rotating workbench; the powder feeding system quantitatively feeds powder to the powder spreading system, and the powder spreading system uniformly compacts the powder on a substrate of the workbench; preheating, rotating the workbench at a constant speed and descending;
step 6, when the CNC system control workbench is rotated to a printing and scanning area, the industrial personal computer monitors that the rotation angle of the C axis is in place, then the corresponding electron gun signal generation control program section and the printing characteristic attribute recognition program section are called, the corresponding electron gun is controlled to be opened through the electron gun control cabinet, scanning is carried out according to a scanning path, powder in the section of the model is melted, and the powder is solidified and deposited to form the section of the workpiece;
in the scanning process, an industrial personal computer monitors the rotation angle of the C axis of the workbench, and samples and analyzes the rotation angle to obtain the exact position of the C axis; comparing the exact position of the C axis with the theoretical position of the C axis corresponding to the current electron gun signal generation control program segment, calculating the error between the exact position of the C axis and the theoretical position of the C axis, and calling a calibration parameter table to correct the current electron gun signal generation control program segment;
step 7, in the process that the workbench rotates for one circle from 0 bit, the workbench gradually reduces the height under the action of the electric lifting mechanism according to an instruction sent by the CNC system, and meanwhile powder paving and printing are completed;
step 8, the PLC controls the electric furnace in the workbench to be closed, the powder feeding system is closed, the CNC system closes the rotating and lifting motor of the rotating workbench, and the industrial control machine controls the electronic gun to be closed;
step 9, when the temperature of the chamber to be formed is reduced to room temperature, the PLC controls to open a deflation valve of the vacuum chamber so as to restore the environment of the vacuum chamber to atmospheric pressure;
step 10, the PLC controls the door of the forming chamber to be opened;
and 11, controlling the workbench and horizontally moving the workbench out of the working room by the CNC system.
2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the industrial personal computer comprises a grating ruler reading board card, and the grating ruler reading board card is used for monitoring the rotation angle of the C axis of the workbench.
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