CN112379486A - Optical fiber coupler based on GRIN lens optical bonding, structure and assembling method - Google Patents
Optical fiber coupler based on GRIN lens optical bonding, structure and assembling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112379486A CN112379486A CN202011279985.8A CN202011279985A CN112379486A CN 112379486 A CN112379486 A CN 112379486A CN 202011279985 A CN202011279985 A CN 202011279985A CN 112379486 A CN112379486 A CN 112379486A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/32—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
- G02B7/025—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses using glue
Abstract
The invention discloses a GRIN lens optical bonding-based optical fiber coupler, a structure and an assembly method, wherein the optical fiber coupler comprises: the annular metal ferrule sleeve comprises an input end through pipe and an output end through pipe; the annular metal ferrule sleeve is provided with a lens channel, the GRIN lens comprises an input GRIN lens and an output GRIN lens, and the input GRIN lens and the output GRIN lens are optically connected in a gluing mode; the input end through pipe is sleeved on the annular metal ferrule sleeve, and the output end through pipe is sleeved on the annular metal ferrule sleeve; the side wall of the input end through pipe is provided with an input cavity for circulating fluid, and the side wall of the input end through pipe is provided with an input inlet and an input outlet which are communicated with the input cavity; the lateral wall of output end siphunculus is equipped with the output chamber that is used for circulating the fluid, and the lateral wall of output end siphunculus is equipped with output import and the output export with output chamber intercommunication. The invention has the advantages of stable structure and small optical transmission loss, and can support high-power laser transmission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber coupling, and particularly relates to a GRIN lens optical bonding-based optical fiber coupler, a GRIN lens optical bonding-based optical fiber structure and an assembling method.
Background
The high-power optical fiber laser has the advantages of high optical-optical conversion efficiency, compact structure, long service life and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of industrial manufacturing, military defense and the like.
The high-power optical fiber laser energy transmission adopts a double-clad optical fiber technology, and the fiber core of the optical fiber is small, so that the power density of the output end of the laser is very high. Generally, a quartz end cap is welded on the end face of an optical fiber, the output end face of the quartz end cap is subjected to lens design, output light keeps collimation, and then the two end caps are coupled through space to realize optical coupling. Spatial coupling, however, reduces the stability of the coupler and increases losses.
Grin (graded index) lenses are also widely used in fiber collimators. GRIN lenses, gradient index lenses, refer to cylindrical optical lenses in which the refractive index profile is graded in the radial direction. Unlike conventional lens imaging, which changes the transmission direction of light by controlling the surface curvature of the lens and using the generated optical path difference, the GRIN lens uses the principle that the transmission direction of light is changed when light propagates in media with different refractive indexes, and the material of the GRIN lens refracts the light transmitted along the axial direction and gradually reduces the distribution of the refractive indexes along the radial direction, so that the light is smoothly and continuously converged to one point. Thus, the output end face of the GRIN lens collimation head is planar rather than curved. Therefore, how to use GRIN lenses to solve the problems of low stability and high loss caused by spatial coupling is a challenge to those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In response to the above-identified deficiencies in the art or needs for improvements, the present invention provides GRIN lens based optical cement based fiber couplers, structures, and methods of assembly.
The invention discloses a GRIN lens optical bonding-based optical fiber coupler, which comprises:
the annular metal ferrule sleeve comprises an input end through pipe and an output end through pipe;
the annular metal ferrule sleeve is provided with a lens channel used for accommodating a GRIN lens, the GRIN lens comprises an input GRIN lens connected with an input optical fiber and an output GRIN lens connected with an output optical fiber, and the input GRIN lens and the output GRIN lens are optically connected in a gluing mode;
the input end through pipe is sleeved outside the annular metal ferrule sleeve corresponding to the input GRIN lens, and the output end through pipe is sleeved outside the annular metal ferrule sleeve corresponding to the output GRIN lens; the side wall of the input end through pipe is provided with an input cavity for flowing fluid, and the side wall of the input end through pipe is provided with an input inlet and an input outlet which are communicated with the input cavity; the lateral wall of output end siphunculus is equipped with the output chamber that is used for the circulation fluid, the lateral wall of output end siphunculus be equipped with output import and output export that the output chamber communicates.
Optionally, the input cavity circumferentially surrounds the outside of the input GRIN lens; and/or the output cavity is circumferentially arranged around the outer side of the output GRIN lens.
Optionally, one or more of the input inlet, the input outlet, the output inlet and the output outlet is provided with an interface.
Optionally, the inner diameter of the annular metal ferrule sleeve matches the outer diameter of the GRIN lens; and/or the inner diameter of the through pipe is matched with the outer diameter of the annular metal ferrule sleeve.
Optionally, the lengths of the input and output GRIN lenses are matched to the wavelengths of light transmitted by the input and output optical fibers.
Optionally, the GRIN lens has a radius of 20 μm to 20 mm.
Optionally, the GRIN lens has a radius matching a mode field area of the transmitted light in the input fiber and the output fiber.
The invention also discloses a GRIN lens optical bonding-based optical fiber coupling structure, which comprises: an optical fiber and any one of the GRIN lens based optical cement optical fiber couplers described above; the optical fibers comprise input optical fibers and output optical fibers; the input optical fiber is connected with an end face of the input GRIN lens far away from the output GRIN lens, the output optical fiber is connected with an end face of the output GRIN lens far away from the input GRIN lens, and the input optical fiber and the output optical fiber are coaxially arranged.
Optionally, the diameter of the core of the optical fiber ranges from 1 μm to 200 μm, and the diameter of the inner cladding of the optical fiber ranges from 20 μm to 2000 μm.
zai the invention also discloses an assembling method of the optical fiber coupling structure based on GRIN lens optical cement, which comprises the following steps:
s1, welding the input optical fiber and the input GRIN lens, and welding the output optical fiber and the output GRIN lens;
s2, sleeving the annular metal ferrule sleeve into the input end through pipe and the output end through pipe and gluing the annular metal ferrule sleeve and the input end through pipe and the output end through pipe to realize the connection of the annular metal ferrule sleeve and the input end through pipe and the output end through pipe;
and S3, polishing the end surface of the input GRIN lens close to the output GRIN lens to meet the optical cement connection requirement, polishing the end surface of the output GRIN lens close to the input GRIN lens to meet the optical cement connection requirement, and connecting the input GRIN lens and the output GRIN lens through optical cement.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts the GRIN lens as the collimator, so that the output surface of the collimating head is a plane, and molecules on the end surface of the two GRIN lenses are mutually attracted and even bonded into a whole through optical cement, thereby greatly reducing the end surface reflection in the coupler and finally realizing the low-loss high-power optical fiber coupling without air gaps and with space alignment. Preferably, when the optical fiber of the present invention has a high transmitted optical power (for example, the average power is not less than 1000W), the present invention can be cooled by circulating a cooling fluid in the input cavity and the output cavity to achieve the cooling of the present invention, and the present invention can operate at a low temperature, and has high and stable operating efficiency. Preferably, when the input chamber and the output chamber of the present invention respectively flow in the fluid with temperature difference, the temperature difference between the input GRIN lens and the output GRIN lens is realized through the optical cement by heat transfer, so that the input GRIN lens and the output GRIN lens can generate different thermal expansion deformations, thereby realizing the automatic separation of the input GRIN lens and the output GRIN lens. Preferably, the invention has compact and firm structure. Preferably, the metal annular metal ferrule sleeve has good heat conducting property, high temperature resistance and high structural strength, improves the heat exchange efficiency between fluid in the through pipe and the optical fiber, improves the stability and high efficiency of the operation of the invention, and can well operate in a high-temperature environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a GRIN lens optical gluing-based fiber coupling structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a refractive index profile of a GRIN lens;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the light transmission trace for one period of a GRIN lens (a sine wave occupied by light propagating in the GRIN lens);
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a method for determining a length dimension of a GRIN lens according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In all the figures, the same reference numerals denote the same features, in particular: 1-input optical fiber, 2-input inlet interface, 3-input end through pipe, 4-output inlet interface, 5-output end through pipe, 6-annular metal ferrule sleeve, 7-output optical fiber, 8-output GRIN lens, 9-output outlet interface, 10-input outlet interface, 11-input GRIN lens, 12-quarter pitch, 13-input inlet, 14-input outlet, 15-output inlet, 16-output outlet, 17-input cavity and 18-output cavity.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-4, a GRIN lens based optical cement fiber coupler comprises: the device comprises an annular metal ferrule sleeve 6 and a through pipe, wherein the through pipe comprises an input end through pipe 3 and an output end through pipe 5; the annular metal ferrule sleeve 6 is provided with a lens channel for accommodating a GRIN lens, the GRIN lens comprises an input GRIN lens 11 for being connected with the input optical fiber 1 and an output GRIN lens 8 for being connected with the output optical fiber 7, and the input GRIN lens 11 and the output GRIN lens 8 are optically connected in a gluing way; the input end through pipe 3 is sleeved outside the annular metal ferrule sleeve 6 corresponding to the input GRIN lens 11, and the output end through pipe 5 is sleeved outside the annular metal ferrule sleeve 6 corresponding to the output GRIN lens 8; the side wall of the input end through pipe 3 is provided with an input cavity 17 for circulating fluid, and the side wall of the input end through pipe 3 is provided with an input inlet 13 and an input outlet 14 which are communicated with the input cavity 17; the side wall of the output end through pipe 5 is provided with an output cavity 18 for circulating fluid, and the side wall of the output end through pipe 5 is provided with an output inlet 15 and an output outlet 16 which are communicated with the output cavity 18.
Optionally, input cavity 17 is circumferentially disposed around the outside of input GRIN lens 11; an output cavity 18 circumferentially surrounds the outside of the output GRIN lens 8. Preferably, the input end tube 3 and the input GRIN lens 11 are equal in length and flush with each other, and the output end tube 5 and the output GRIN lens 8 are equal in length and flush with each other.
Optionally, more than one of the input inlet 13, the input outlet 14, the output inlet 15 and the output outlet 16 is provided with an interface. Wherein, input inlet 13 is sealed to be equipped with input inlet interface 2, and input outlet 14 is sealed to be equipped with input outlet interface 10, and output inlet 15 is sealed to be equipped with output inlet interface 4, and output outlet 16 is sealed to be equipped with output outlet interface 9. Preferably, the interface is an interface with a valve so that the interface can be selectively opened or closed as desired.
In practical application, when the optical fiber of the present invention has a high transmission power, the input inlet interface 2 is used for connecting with a fluid device that inputs low-temperature fluid into the input cavity 17, and the input outlet interface 10 is used for communicating a pipeline that leads out the fluid of the input cavity 17 or directly with an external environment to ensure that the fluid is in a flowing state in the input cavity 17, so as to circularly cool the optical fiber coupler, thereby realizing long-term low-temperature operation of the optical fiber coupler and the equipment; the output inlet interface 4 is used for being connected with a fluid device which inputs low-temperature fluid into the output cavity 18, and the output outlet interface 9 is used for leading out a pipeline of the fluid in the output cavity 18 or directly communicating with the external environment so as to ensure that the fluid is in a flowing state in the output cavity 18, thereby circularly cooling the optical fiber coupler; and then realize the long-term low temperature work of this fiber coupler, equipment.
When the optical fiber coupler of the present invention needs to be disassembled, the input inlet interface 2 is used for connecting with a fluid device which inputs low-temperature (or high-temperature) fluid into the input cavity 17, and the input outlet interface 10 is used for leading out the fluid of the input cavity 17 from a pipeline or directly communicating with the external environment so as to ensure that the fluid is in a flowing state in the input cavity 17; the output inlet interface 4 is used for connecting with a fluid device which inputs high-temperature (or low-temperature) fluid into the output cavity 18, and the output outlet interface 9 is used for leading out a pipeline of the fluid in the output cavity 18 or directly communicating with an external environment so as to ensure that the fluid is in a flowing state in the output cavity 18; the temperature difference of two connected GRIN lenses (the input GRIN lens 11 and the output GRIN lens 8) is enabled to generate different thermal expansion deformation through optical bonding, the two GRIN lenses are automatically separated, and then the optical fiber coupling structure is automatically disassembled. Of course, in another embodiment of the present invention, the fiber coupler may also directly realize the fluid flow through the input inlet 13, the input outlet 14, the output inlet 15 and the output outlet 16. In practice, the fluid may be a gas or a liquid.
Optionally, the inner diameter of the annular metal ferrule sleeve 6 is matched to the outer diameter of the GRIN lens to ensure high precision alignment of the input GRIN lens 11 with the output GRIN lens 8. Preferably, the difference between the inner diameter of the annular metal ferrule sleeve 6 and the outer diameter of the GRIN lens is 2-15 μm. Preferably, one of the input GRIN lens 11 and the output GRIN lens 8 is connected to the annular metal ferrule 6 by gluing, so as to prevent the input GRIN lens 11 and the output GRIN lens 8 connected to each other from moving axially along the axial direction of the annular metal ferrule 6. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the GRIN lens may also be connected to the annular metal ferrule 6 by a flexible fixing component, such as a sealing ring, a cushion layer, etc., so as to flexibly fix the GRIN lens, protect the GRIN lens, prolong its service life, and avoid the GRIN lens from being in stress contact. Of course, in another embodiment of the present invention, the GRIN lens and the annular metal ferrule sleeve 6 are sealed and attached to each other to achieve connection therebetween, and no glue is dispensed or a flexible fixing component is disposed between the GRIN lens and the annular metal ferrule sleeve 6.
Optionally, the inner diameter of the through-tube is matched to the outer diameter of the annular metal ferrule sleeve 6 to ensure that the annular metal ferrule sleeve 6 can be placed in close contact with the inner wall of the through-tube. Preferably, the annular metal ferrule sleeve 6 is glued to the through tube. When the annular metal ferrule sleeve 6 is connected with the through pipe in a gluing mode, the through pipe is in clearance fit with the annular metal ferrule sleeve 6.
Optionally, the lengths of input GRIN lens 11 and output GRIN lens 8 are matched to the wavelengths of light transmitted by input fiber 1 and output fiber 7. It is ensured that the output light of the input GRIN lens 11 is in a collimated state, and NA (numerical aperture) at the position where the collimated light enters from the output GRIN lens 8 and is transmitted to the output optical fiber 7 is equal to or smaller than NA of the output optical fiber 7.
That is, the transmission paths of light between the input GRIN lens 11 and the output GRIN lens 8 are the same as the transmission paths of light between the same GRIN lens, so that the transmission paths of light between the input GRIN lens 11 and the output GRIN lens 8 are seamlessly butted. Illustratively, when the length of each of the input GRIN lens 11 and the output GRIN lens 8 is equal to the quarter-pitch 12 of the light transmitted by the GRIN lens, it is ensured that no light is leaked at the position of the quarter-pitch 12 during the transmission of the light by the input GRIN lens 11 and the output GRIN lens 8.
Optionally, the GRIN lens has a radius of 20 μm to 20 mm. Optionally, the core diameter of the optical fiber is in a range of 1-200 μm, and the inner cladding diameter of the optical fiber is in a range of 20-2000 μm.
Optionally, the radius of the GRIN lens is matched to the mode field area of the transmitted light in the input fiber 1 and the output fiber 7. To achieve that input GRIN lens 11 and output GRIN lens 8 transmit light without leaking at quarter-pitch 12 locations.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-4, a GRIN lens optical cement based fiber coupling structure, comprises: an optical fiber and any one of the GRIN lens based optical cement optical fiber couplers described above; the optical fibers comprise an input optical fiber 1 and an output optical fiber 7; the input optical fiber 1 is connected to an end surface of the input GRIN lens 11 on the side away from the output GRIN lens 8, the output optical fiber 7 is connected to an end surface of the output GRIN lens 8 on the side away from the input GRIN lens 11, and the input optical fiber 1 and the output optical fiber 7 are coaxially arranged.
Optionally, the core diameter of the optical fiber is in a range of 1-200 μm, and the inner cladding diameter of the optical fiber is in a range of 20-2000 μm.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for assembling a fiber coupling structure based on optical gluing of a GRIN lens includes the steps of:
s1, welding the input optical fiber and the input GRIN lens, and welding the output optical fiber and the output GRIN lens;
s2, sleeving the annular metal ferrule sleeve into the input end through pipe and the output end through pipe and gluing the annular metal ferrule sleeve and the input end through pipe and the output end through pipe to realize the connection of the annular metal ferrule sleeve and the input end through pipe and the output end through pipe;
and S3, polishing the end surface of the input GRIN lens close to the output GRIN lens to meet the optical cement connection requirement, polishing the end surface of the output GRIN lens close to the input GRIN lens to meet the optical cement connection requirement, and connecting the input GRIN lens and the output GRIN lens through optical cement.
In practical applications, the fusion of the optical fiber to the GRIN lens is preferably performed by a fusion splicer.
Optionally, step S1 is preceded by the step of:
s01, designing the refraction profile n (r) of the GRIN lens according to different input fiber, output fiber size and transmission light wavelength characteristics, wherein n (r) satisfies the formula (1):
wherein n is1Is a refractive index on the optical axis,
is the gradient constant and r is the radial position, as shown in FIG. 2;
s02, determining that the relationship among the length of the GRIN lens, the pitch and the length of the GRIN lens satisfies the formula (2):
where P is the pitch of the GRIN lens and Z is the length of the GRIN lens.
Preferably, the pitch of the GRIN lens is the fraction of the entire sinusoidal period (as shown in fig. 3) that the fiber traverses through the GRIN lens, and the light propagates through the input and output GRIN lenses occupying exactly one sine wave, i.e., the length of each of the GRIN lens and the output GRIN lens is one-quarter of the wavelength of the sine wave.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A GRIN lens based optical cement fiber coupler, comprising:
the annular metal ferrule sleeve comprises an input end through pipe and an output end through pipe;
the annular metal ferrule sleeve is provided with a lens channel used for accommodating a GRIN lens, the GRIN lens comprises an input GRIN lens connected with an input optical fiber and an output GRIN lens connected with an output optical fiber, and the input GRIN lens and the output GRIN lens are optically connected in a gluing mode;
the input end through pipe is sleeved outside the annular metal ferrule sleeve corresponding to the input GRIN lens, and the output end through pipe is sleeved outside the annular metal ferrule sleeve corresponding to the output GRIN lens; the side wall of the input end through pipe is provided with an input cavity for flowing fluid, and the side wall of the input end through pipe is provided with an input inlet and an input outlet which are communicated with the input cavity; the lateral wall of output end siphunculus is equipped with the output chamber that is used for the circulation fluid, the lateral wall of output end siphunculus be equipped with output import and output export that the output chamber communicates.
2. The GRIN-lens-based optical cemented fiber coupler of claim 1, wherein:
the input cavity circumferentially surrounds the outer side of the input GRIN lens; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the output cavity circumferentially surrounds the outside of the output GRIN lens.
3. The GRIN-lens-based optical cemented fiber coupler of claim 1, wherein:
more than one of the input inlet, the input outlet, the output inlet and the output outlet is provided with an interface.
4. The GRIN-lens-based optical cemented fiber coupler of claim 1, wherein:
the inner diameter of the annular metal ferrule sleeve is matched with the outer diameter of the GRIN lens; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the inner diameter of the through pipe is matched with the outer diameter of the annular metal ferrule sleeve.
5. The GRIN-lens-based optical cemented fiber coupler of claim 1, wherein:
the length of the input and output GRIN lenses matches the wavelength of light transmitted by the input and output optical fibers.
6. A GRIN-lens-based optical gluing fiber coupler as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:
the GRIN lens has a radius of 20 [ mu ] m to 20 mm.
7. A GRIN-lens-based optical fiber coupler as claimed in any one of claims 6, wherein:
the radius of the GRIN lens matches the mode field area of the transmitted light in the input and output fibers.
8. A GRIN lens based optical cement based fiber coupling structure, comprising:
an optical fiber and a GRIN lens optical cement-based fiber coupler as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7;
the optical fibers comprise input optical fibers and output optical fibers; the input optical fiber is connected with an end face of the input GRIN lens far away from the output GRIN lens, the output optical fiber is connected with an end face of the output GRIN lens far away from the input GRIN lens, and the input optical fiber and the output optical fiber are coaxially arranged.
9. The GRIN-lens-based optical gluing fiber coupling structure of claim 8, wherein:
the diameter range of the fiber core of the optical fiber is 1-200 mu m, and the diameter range of the inner cladding of the optical fiber is 20-2000 mu m.
10. An assembling method of a fiber coupling structure based on GRIN lens optical cement is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, welding the input optical fiber and the input GRIN lens, and welding the output optical fiber and the output GRIN lens;
s2, sleeving the annular metal ferrule sleeve into the input end through pipe and the output end through pipe and gluing the annular metal ferrule sleeve and the input end through pipe and the output end through pipe to realize the connection of the annular metal ferrule sleeve and the input end through pipe and the output end through pipe;
and S3, polishing the end surface of the input GRIN lens close to the output GRIN lens to meet the optical cement connection requirement, polishing the end surface of the output GRIN lens close to the input GRIN lens to meet the optical cement connection requirement, and connecting the input GRIN lens and the output GRIN lens through optical cement.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113219593A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-08-06 | 深圳市中葛科技有限公司 | Optical fiber coupler |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113219593A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-08-06 | 深圳市中葛科技有限公司 | Optical fiber coupler |
| CN113219593B (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-10-21 | 深圳市中葛科技有限公司 | Optical fiber coupler |
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