CN112378979B - Device and method for detecting abrasive particle sharpness degree of surface of grinding tool - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for detecting the sharpness of abrasive particles on the surface of a grinding tool, wherein the device comprises an electrode probe, an operational amplifier and a display; the electrode probe comprises a positive electrode connecting device, a negative electrode connecting device, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode connecting device is used for receiving and transmitting detection electric signals; the anode comprises a first metal sheet positioned on the upper layer, electrolyte positioned on the middle layer and an anion exchange membrane positioned on the lower layer; the negative electrode includes a second metal sheet; the method for detecting the sharpness of the abrasive grains on the surface of the grinding tool by using the device comprises the following steps: measuring the electromotive force on the surface of the grinding wheel to be measured; measuring the electromotive force on the surface of the standard component; constructing a function curve through the electromotive force of the standard component and the particle size of the standard component, and solving the particle size of the measured component through the curve; the curvature radius of the protruding tip of the abrasive particle on the surface of the grinding tool is directly related to the electromotive force of a battery through the electrochemical principle, the surface sharpness of any complex shape can be quantitatively detected, the portable detection is realized, any free surface can be detected, and the influence of the shape and the size of the surface is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grinding tool sharpness detection, and particularly relates to a device and a method for detecting the sharpness of abrasive particles on the surface of a grinding tool.
Background
The sharpness degree of the abrasive particles on the surface of the grinding tool directly determines the grinding performance of the grinding tool, the sharp abrasive particles can quickly cut materials, the grinding efficiency is improved, the heat effect is reduced, and the precision of processed parts is high. The sharper the abrasive grain on the surface of the abrasive article, the sharper the abrasive article is generally considered.
At present, the surface of a grinding tool (such as a grinding wheel) only stays in a qualitative observation stage, such as optical microscope observation, scanning electron microscope observation, laser scanning confocal microscope and atomic force microscope three-dimensional surface morphology observation.
The optical microscope observation means that the surface of the grinding tool to be observed is directly placed on a sample table, the surface of the grinding tool is observed through an eyepiece by selecting proper magnification, and the size and the appearance of the abrasive particles are visually observed. The method is simple and easy to implement, but the subjective difference is large, the method mainly depends on the experience of observers, and only is qualitatively observed by eye, and an accurate numerical value cannot be given. In addition, the depth of field of the optical lens is small, and the uneven surface is difficult to observe, so that the observation effect of the coarse-grain grinding wheel grinding tool is poor.
The scanning electron microscope uses electrons emitted by an electron gun to form a high-energy electron beam through high voltage acceleration, the high-energy electron beam is focused into a light spot with a tiny diameter through two electromagnetic lenses, after the light beam penetrates through the last stage of electromagnetic lens with a scanning coil, the electron beam bombards the surface of a sample point by point in a raster scanning mode, and simultaneously excites electron signals [1] with different depths, wherein secondary electron signals are sensitive to the surface appearance, have large depth of field, and are commonly used for observing the surface appearance characteristics of the sample. However, the scanning electron microscope has the size requirement on the sample, and the length, the width and the height generally do not exceed 50mmx50mmx10mm. In addition, the scanning electron microscope needs to observe under a high vacuum degree, and the vacuum pumping of the resin binder or the porous grinding tool sample is difficult.
The laser scanning confocal microscope utilizes laser to perform point-by-point, line-by-line and face-by-face rapid scanning imaging on the surface of a sample, uses the same objective lens to receive scanning laser and fluorescence, and the focus of the objective lens is the focus point of the scanning laser and is also the object point of instantaneous imaging. The system is focused once and the scanning is limited to one plane of the sample. When the focusing depths are different, images of different depth levels of the sample can be obtained, and the three-dimensional appearance of the surface of the sample is displayed through computer analysis and simulation. However, the three-dimensional shape image obtained by the method is not necessarily the abrasive grain image protruding from the surface of the grinding tool, and some hard abrasive grains are transparent, such as diamond, and a laser light source is reflected or refracted and absorbed during scanning, so that accurate imaging is difficult.
The atomic force microscope has common working modes of contact and knock type. In the tapping mode, a constant urging force causes the probe cantilever to vibrate at a certain frequency. When the tip just touches the sample, the cantilever amplitude decreases to a certain value. During the scanning process, a feedback loop maintains the cantilever amplitude constant at this value, i.e. the force acting on the sample is constant, and a surface topography map of the sample is obtained by recording the movement of the piezo-ceramic tube. However, the imaging range of the atomic force microscope is too small, the speed is slow, and the influence of the probe is too large.
The method has the size requirement on the sample, is not suitable for large scale, cannot continuously observe the shapes of complex surfaces such as curved surfaces, porous surfaces and the like, belongs to micro-area point-by-point sampling observation, does not have macroscopic statistical characteristics, and has large difference of observation results.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for detecting the sharpness of abrasive grains on the surface of a grinding tool, which are used for providing portable detection and can detect any free surface without being influenced by the shape and the size of the surface to be detected.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems of the invention is as follows: a device for detecting the sharpness of abrasive grains on the surface of a grinding tool comprises an electrode probe, an operational amplifier and a display;
the electrode probe comprises a positive electrode connecting device, a negative electrode connecting device, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode connecting device is used for receiving and transmitting detection electric signals;
the positive electrode comprises a first metal sheet positioned on the upper layer, a first electrolyte layer positioned on the middle layer and an anion exchange membrane positioned on the lower layer;
the negative electrode includes a second metal sheet;
the grinding wheel is characterized by further comprising a second electrolyte layer coated on the grinding wheel to be detected, wherein the coating area of the second electrolyte layer is larger than the sum of the areas of the lower end faces of the anion exchange membrane and the second metal sheet, the concentration of the second electrolyte layer is equal to that of the first electrolyte layer, and the second electrolyte layer is respectively in contact with the anion exchange membrane and the second metal sheet;
the electrolyte of the first electrolyte layer and the electrolyte of the second electrolyte layer are metal salt solutions corresponding to the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet, namely the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer conform to the principle of a solution concentration cell with the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet.
The upper end of the first metal sheet is connected with the positive electrode access end of the positive and negative electrode connecting device, the upper end of the second metal sheet is connected with the negative electrode access end of the positive and negative electrode connecting device, and the signal output end of the positive and negative electrode connecting device is connected with the display through the operational amplifier.
The operational amplifier is used for amplifying the tiny electric signals of the concentration cell so as to display the signals on a display later. The operational amplifier is an analog signal amplifying circuit, which can input a variable direct current voltage at the input end and output an undistorted signal with amplified amplitude and identical waveform at the output end.
In order to enable the negative electrode to adapt to different surfaces and facilitate detection of non-horizontal planes, the device further comprises a thread ejection device for adjusting the height of the second metal sheet, the thread ejection device penetrates through the positive and negative electrode connecting devices to be in threaded connection with the positive and negative electrode connecting devices, and an ejection end of the thread ejection device is in contact with the upper end of the second metal sheet.
Because the negative pole takes place oxidation reaction and constantly dissolves, belongs to the consumer, in order to make the negative pole can dismantle the change, can dismantle between second sheetmetal and the positive negative pole connecting device and be connected.
Preferably, the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet are zinc sheets, and the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer are ZnSO 4 An electrolyte, wherein the anion exchange membrane only allows SO 4 2- Passing through an anion exchange membrane.
A method for detecting the sharpness of the abrasive grains on the surface of the grinding tool by using the device comprises the following steps,
s1: uniformly coating a second electrolyte layer on the surface of the cutting edge of the grinding wheel to be detected, wherein the coating area is larger than the contact area of the two electrodes of the electrode probe, and the second electrolyte layer and the first electrolyte layer are the same electrolyte solution and have the same concentration;
s2: standing the grinding wheel to be detected to volatilize part of the electrolyte;
s3: and opening the display, placing the anode and the cathode of the electrode probe on the coating surface to be detected, and reading the electromotive force signal value of the abrasive particle protrusion part on the surface of the grinding wheel to be detected, wherein the larger the electromotive force signal is, the sharper the abrasive particle protrusion of the cutting edge of the grinding wheel is.
The method also comprises the following steps of,
s4: selecting grinding wheels with different particle sizes as standard grinding wheels;
s5: respectively and uniformly coating the electrolyte layers on the surfaces of grinding wheel cutting edges of standard parts, wherein the coating area is larger than the contact area of two electrodes of the electrode probe;
s6: standing the grinding wheel of the standard part to volatilize part of the electrolyte, wherein the volatilization time is the same as that of the step S2;
s7: placing the anode and the cathode of an electrode probe on the to-be-measured coating surface of the standard part grinding wheel, and respectively measuring the electromotive force signal values of the abrasive particle convex parts on the surface of the standard part grinding wheel with different particle sizes in the same volatilization time;
s8: establishing a corresponding function curve between the electromotive force signal value of the abrasive particle convex part on the surface of the grinding wheel of the standard part and the particle size of the grinding wheel of the standard part;
and S9, solving a value of the particle size corresponding to the electromotive force signal value of the abrasive particle convex part on the surface of the grinding wheel of the standard part through a function curve.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the curvature radius of the protruding abrasive particle tip on the surface of the grinding tool is directly related to the electromotive force of a battery through the electrochemical principle, so that the surface sharpness of any complex shape can be quantitatively detected, portable detection can be provided on site, any free surface can be detected, the influence of the shape and the size of the surface to be detected is avoided, and the detected data has macroscopic statistics, and is accurate and reliable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the electrode probe of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the device for detecting the sharpness of the abrasive grains on the surface of the grinding tool comprises an electrode probe 1, an operational amplifier 2 and a display 3;
the electrode probe 1 comprises a positive and negative electrode connecting device 4 for receiving and transmitting detection electric signals, a positive electrode and a negative electrode;
the positive electrode comprises a first metal sheet 5 positioned on the upper layer, a first electrolyte layer 6 positioned on the middle layer and an anion exchange membrane 7 positioned on the lower layer;
the negative electrode comprises a second metal sheet 8;
the grinding wheel liquid sample detection device further comprises a second electrolyte layer 9 coated on the grinding wheel 10 to be detected, the coating area of the second electrolyte layer 9 is larger than the sum of the areas of the lower end faces of the anion exchange membrane 7 and the second metal sheet 8, the concentration of the second electrolyte layer 9 is equal to that of the first electrolyte layer 6, and the second electrolyte layer 9 is in contact with the anion exchange membrane 7 and the second metal sheet 8 respectively;
the electrolytes of the first electrolyte layer 6 and the second electrolyte layer 9 are metal salt solutions corresponding to the first metal sheet 5 and the second metal sheet 8, that is, the first electrolyte layer 6 and the second electrolyte layer 9, the first metal sheet 5 and the second metal sheet 8 conform to the principle of a solution concentration cell.
The upper end of the first metal sheet 5 is connected with the positive electrode access end of the positive and negative electrode connecting device 4, the upper end of the second metal sheet 8 is connected with the negative electrode access end of the positive and negative electrode connecting device 4, and the signal output end of the positive and negative electrode connecting device 4 is connected with the display 3 through the operational amplifier 2.
The operational amplifier 2 is used for amplifying the tiny electric signal of the concentration cell for subsequent display on the display 3. The operational amplifier 2 is an analog signal amplifying circuit, and can input a variable dc voltage at its input end and output an undistorted signal with amplified amplitude and identical waveform at its output end.
In order to enable the negative electrode to adapt to different surfaces and facilitate detection of non-horizontal planes, the device further comprises a thread ejection device 11 for adjusting the height of the second metal sheet 8, the thread ejection device 11 penetrates through the positive and negative electrode connecting devices 4 to be in threaded connection with the positive and negative electrode connecting devices 4, and an ejection end of the thread ejection device 11 is in contact with the upper end of the second metal sheet 8.
Because the negative pole takes place oxidation reaction and constantly dissolves, belongs to the consumptive product, in order to make the negative pole can dismantle the change, can dismantle between second sheetmetal 8 and the positive negative pole connecting device 4 and be connected.
Preferably, the first metal sheet 5 and the second metal sheet 8 are zinc sheets, and the first electrolyte layer 6 is ZnSO 4 Electrolyte, the anion exchange membrane 7 only allows SO 4 2- Passing through an anion exchange membrane.
A method for detecting the sharpness of the abrasive grains on the surface of an abrasive tool by using the device of claim 1, comprising the steps of,
s1: uniformly coating the second electrolyte layer 9 on the surface of the cutting edge of the grinding wheel to be detected, wherein the coating area is larger than the contact area of two electrodes of the electrode probe, and the second electrolyte layer 9 and the first electrolyte layer 6 are the same electrolyte solution and have the same concentration;
s2: standing the grinding wheel to be detected to volatilize part of the electrolyte layer 9;
s3: and opening the display, placing the anode and the cathode of the electrode probe on the coating surface to be detected, and reading the electromotive force signal value of the abrasive particle protrusion part on the surface of the grinding wheel to be detected, wherein the larger the electromotive force signal is, the sharper the abrasive particle protrusion of the cutting edge of the grinding wheel is.
The method also comprises the following steps of,
s4: selecting grinding wheels with different particle sizes as standard grinding wheels;
s5: respectively and uniformly coating the electrolyte layers 9 on the surfaces of the cutting edges of the grinding wheels of the standard parts, wherein the coating area is larger than the contact area of the two electrodes of the electrode probe;
s6: standing the standard part grinding wheel to volatilize part of the electrolyte layer 9, wherein the volatilization time is the same as that of the step S2;
s7: placing the anode and the cathode of an electrode probe on the surface to be coated of the standard part grinding wheel, and respectively measuring the electromotive force signal values of the abrasive particle convex parts on the surface of the standard part grinding wheel with different particle sizes in the same volatilization time;
s8: establishing a corresponding function curve by the electromotive force signal value of the abrasive particle convex part on the surface of the standard grinding wheel and the particle size of the standard grinding wheel;
and S9, solving a particle size value corresponding to the electromotive force signal value of the abrasive particle convex part on the surface of the grinding wheel of the standard part through a function curve.
The invention detects the electric signal according to the principle that the difference of electrolyte concentration in the solution is caused by the difference of vapor pressure of the solution with different curvature radiuses, thereby forming a concentration cell.
Kelvin's equation based on vapor pressure over curved surfaces
M is the molar mass of the liquid, rho is the density of the liquid, R is an ideal gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature, gamma is the surface tension of the liquid, po is the vapor pressure of the planar liquid, pr is the vapor pressure of the curved liquid, and R' is the curvature radius of the curved liquid.
As can be seen from the formula, the smaller the radius of curvature of the liquid, the higher the vapor pressure thereof, and the more easily the liquid volatilizes. When the electrolyte solution is coated on the rugged solid surface, the sharper the tip of the protrusions on the surface is, the faster the solvent in the solution is volatilized from the tip, and at this time, the concentration of the tip solution occurs and the concentration of the electrolyte ions increases. Thus, the same electrolyte solution is coated on the surfaces with different concave-convex shapes, and the electrolyte concentration is different.
According to the principle, the concentration cell is designed, and then the electromotive force of the surface is detected.
Under the condition of room temperature, by researching the influence of the curvature radius of abrasive grains and cutting time on the sharpness of the grinding wheel, copper-based metal grinding wheels with different diamond grain diameters of 5 microns, 10 microns, 20 microns, 40 microns and 75 microns are selected, and metal grinding wheels with the same diamond grain diameter (40 microns) but cut at different time are used for cutting silicon wafers of 5s,10s,20 s and 25s at the rotating speed of 166 r/s. 0.3mm zinc pieces were used as the materials of the first metal piece and the second metal piece, and the electrolyte layer and the electrolyte were ZnSO4 solution with a concentration of 0.05mol kg-1. In the present embodiment, the electrolyte layer and the electrolyte to be coated in the device are the same electrolyte solution and have the same concentration, and the concentration changes after the electrolyte to be coated is volatilized, which conforms to the principle of a concentration cell, and for convenience of description, the same electrolyte solution is divided into the first electrolyte layer 6 and the electrolyte 9 so as to be described, and for convenience of description, the ZnSO4 solution is uniformly coated on the cutting edge surface of the grinding wheel 10 to be measured, and the grinding wheel is left to stand for 10 seconds, and a part of the solvent is volatilized. The positive electrode is contacted with the electrolyte 9 on the surface to be measured by using an anion exchange membrane 7 which only allows SO 42-to pass through; the negative electrode probe is a 0.3mm zinc sheet and is directly contacted with the electrolyte 9 on the surface to be measured, thus forming the concentration cell. Because the concentrations of the first electrolyte layer 6 and the electrolyte 9 at two poles of the battery are different, the electrode potentials are also different, the potential difference is the electromotive force of the battery, the numerical value of the electromotive force can be read out on the display 3 by amplifying the electric signal of the operational amplifier 2, the electromotive force can reflect the curvature radius of the abrasive particles, namely, the larger the electromotive force is, the smaller the particle size of the abrasive particle diamond is, and the sharper the abrasive particle protrusion of the grinding wheel cutting edge is. The results of the experiments are shown in the following table:
table 1: electrochemical sharpness detection result of copper-based metal grinding wheel with different diamond grain sizes
Table 2: electrochemical sharpness detection result of copper-based metal grinding wheel with diamond particle size of 40 mu m after cutting for different time
As can be seen from table 1, the smaller the grain diameter of the abrasive diamond, the larger the electromotive force of the concentration cell, and the sharper the abrasive projections of the grinding wheel cutting edge. However, in the actual cutting process, the material cut by the large-particle-size abrasive wheel is often "sharp", because the large-particle-size abrasive wheel cuts a large volume of material per unit time at the same feeding speed, which is two different concepts from the sharpness of the abrasive protrusion discussed in the present invention, and meanwhile, the large-particle-size abrasive wheel is not beneficial to fine processing. Conversely, the smaller the particle size of the abrasive grains, the sharper the projections are, and the more advantageous the fine processing of semiconductor devices such as silicon cells.
From table 2, it can be known that the diamond is worn away during the cutting process of the grinding wheel, the tip of the protrusion is worn flat and becomes blunt, and the electromotive force is reduced along with the increase of the cutting time; when the cutting time is increased to 15s, the electromotive force is then increased in the opposite direction, which is due to the fact that the "dull" diamond grains are released during the cutting process of the grinding wheel, and new sharp grains are then exposed, i.e. the self-sharpening of the grinding wheel, which also corresponds to the actual production practice.
In conclusion, the method has the advantages that the detection on the sharpness of the cutting edge of the grinding tool is accurate and reliable, standard parts with different grain diameters can be selected for measurement, the electromotive force is recorded to establish a corresponding function curve of the electromotive force and the curvature radius of the abrasive particles, and therefore the approximate value of the curvature radius of the abrasive particles on the cutting edge of the grinding tool to be detected is obtained through the electromotive force of the grinding tool to be detected, namely the sharpness of the protrusions of the abrasive particles is quantized.
At present, the sharpness of a grinding tool such as a cutting grinding wheel is generally judged by cutting supply current values, cutting force and torque are also used as judgment standards, but the parameters cannot directly reflect the sharpness of the grinding tool, the two parameters are not directly connected, and the values of the parameters are greatly different due to the internal consumption of mechanical energy and different cutting materials. Moreover, these evaluation methods must be established under destructive testing conditions and are not suitable for testing new finished abrasive articles. In addition, the surface of the grinding tool observed by a microscope has size requirements on samples, and the appearance of complex surfaces such as curved surfaces and porous surfaces cannot be continuously observed, so that the sharpness of the grinding tool abrasive particles cannot be quantitatively evaluated.
The invention directly relates the curvature radius of the abrasive particle tip bulge on the surface of the grinding tool with the battery electromotive force by the electrochemical principle, can quantitatively detect the surface sharpness of any complex shape, can provide portable detection on site, can detect any free surface, is not influenced by the shape and size of the detected surface, and has macroscopic statistics, accuracy and reliability on the detected data.
Claims (6)
1. A device for detecting the sharpness of abrasive particles on the surface of a grinding tool is characterized in that: comprises an electrode probe, an operational amplifier and a display;
the electrode probe comprises a positive electrode connecting device, a negative electrode connecting device, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode connecting device is used for receiving and transmitting detection electric signals;
the positive electrode comprises a first metal sheet positioned on the upper layer, a first electrolyte layer positioned on the middle layer and an anion exchange membrane positioned on the lower layer;
the negative electrode includes a second metal sheet;
the grinding wheel is characterized by further comprising a second electrolyte layer coated on the grinding wheel to be detected, wherein the coating area of the second electrolyte layer is larger than the sum of the areas of the lower end faces of the anion exchange membrane and the second metal sheet, the concentration of the second electrolyte layer is equal to that of the first electrolyte layer, and the second electrolyte layer is respectively in contact with the anion exchange membrane and the second metal sheet;
the upper end of the first metal sheet is connected with the positive electrode access end of the positive and negative electrode connecting device, the upper end of the second metal sheet is connected with the negative electrode access end of the positive and negative electrode connecting device, and the signal output end of the positive and negative electrode connecting device is connected with the display through the operational amplifier.
2. The apparatus for detecting the sharpness of the abrasive grains on the surface of an abrasive tool according to claim 1, wherein: the height of the second metal sheet is adjusted through the screw thread ejection device, the screw thread ejection device penetrates through the positive and negative electrode connecting devices to be in threaded connection with the positive and negative electrode connecting devices, and the ejection end of the screw thread ejection device is in contact with the upper end of the second metal sheet.
3. The apparatus for detecting the sharpness of the abrasive grains on the surface of an abrasive tool according to claim 1, wherein: the second metal sheet is detachably connected with the positive and negative electrode connecting devices.
4. The apparatus for detecting the sharpness of the abrasive grains on the surface of an abrasive tool according to claim 1, wherein: the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet are zinc sheets, and the electrolyte layer is ZnSO 4 Electrolyte, the anion exchange membrane only allows SO 4 2- Passing through an anion exchange membrane.
5. A method for detecting the sharpness of abrasive grains on the surface of an abrasive tool by using the device of claim 1, wherein: comprises the following steps of (a) preparing a solution,
s1: uniformly coating a second electrolyte layer on the surface of the cutting edge of the grinding wheel to be detected, wherein the coating area is larger than the contact area of the two electrodes of the electrode probe, and the second electrolyte layer and the first electrolyte layer are the same electrolyte solution and have the same concentration;
s2: standing the grinding wheel to be detected to volatilize part of the electrolyte;
s3: and opening the display, placing the anode and the cathode of the electrode probe on the coating surface to be detected, and reading the electromotive force signal value of the abrasive particle protrusion part on the surface of the grinding wheel to be detected, wherein the larger the electromotive force signal is, the sharper the abrasive particle protrusion of the cutting edge of the grinding wheel is.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the method also comprises the following steps of,
s4: selecting grinding wheels with different particle sizes as standard grinding wheels;
s5: respectively and uniformly coating the electrolyte layer on the surface of a cutting edge of a grinding wheel of a standard part, wherein the coating area is larger than the contact area of two electrodes of an electrode probe;
s6: standing the grinding wheel of the standard part to volatilize part of the electrolyte, wherein the volatilization time is the same as that of the step S2;
s7: placing the anode and the cathode of an electrode probe on the to-be-measured coating surface of the standard part grinding wheel, and respectively measuring the electromotive force signal values of the abrasive particle convex parts on the surface of the standard part grinding wheel with different particle sizes in the same volatilization time;
s8: establishing a corresponding function curve between the electromotive force signal value of the abrasive particle convex part on the surface of the grinding wheel of the standard part and the particle size of the grinding wheel of the standard part;
and S9, solving a particle size value corresponding to the electromotive force signal value of the abrasive particle convex part on the surface of the grinding wheel of the standard part through a function curve.
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