CN112378119B - Vacuum low-temperature open absorption heat pump drying system and use method - Google Patents

Vacuum low-temperature open absorption heat pump drying system and use method Download PDF

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CN112378119B
CN112378119B CN202011211859.9A CN202011211859A CN112378119B CN 112378119 B CN112378119 B CN 112378119B CN 202011211859 A CN202011211859 A CN 202011211859A CN 112378119 B CN112378119 B CN 112378119B
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solution
absorber
generator
condenser
cooler
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CN112378119A (en
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王厉
骆菁菁
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Zhejiang Sci Tech University ZSTU
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Zhejiang Sci Tech University ZSTU
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/04—Heat pumps of the sorption type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B35/00—Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B37/00—Absorbers; Adsorbers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Abstract

The invention discloses a vacuum low-temperature open absorption heat pump drying system with a simple structure and convenience in use and a use method thereof. The vacuum low-temperature open absorption heat pump drying system comprises a hollow and sealed generator, a condenser, an absorber, a dryer and a cooler; the generator and the absorber are connected through a solution circulating pipeline a, and the condenser, the absorber and the drier are connected through a hot water circulating pipeline b. The invention can realize the drying of the material without circulating air, an evaporator and a low-temperature cold source.

Description

Vacuum low-temperature open absorption heat pump drying system and use method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drying, in particular to a drying system of a vacuum low-temperature open type absorption heat pump and a using method thereof.
Background
In the processes of harmless treatment and recycling of wastes, a great deal of drying needs exist to achieve the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction, such as the drying process of sludge, silt, garbage and water-containing wastes. In industrial production, it is often necessary to dehydrate materials with high water content to achieve product process indexes, such as drying of vegetables, fruits, crops, tobacco and green bricks.
The drying technology can be divided into active drying and passive drying, wherein the active drying is rapid in speed and good in stability and is widely adopted, the heat-driven drying technology is the most traditional and widely applied, and a user can dry the water-containing substance by adopting steam, hot water, fuel and various forms of waste heat or waste heat resources through a direct heating means according to field conditions. Although this technical measure is simple and convenient, the efficiency of thermal energy utilization (the ratio of the amount of heat required for dewatering to the actual amount of heat consumed) cannot exceed 1.0. The patent with application numbers CN201910320132.5 and CN201920892336.1 both propose a system device for drying sludge by using absorption heat pump, and the core idea is to utilize the driving heat energy in steps by the heat conversion action of the first kind of absorption heat pump to reduce the heat energy consumption, theoretically, a water making ratio close to 2.0 can be obtained, which is an improvement measure for direct heating drying. But the technology has the defects that a large amount of circulating air is needed to take away evaporated water vapor, and the energy consumption of a fan is large; in addition, the system not only needs an evaporator of the absorption heat pump, but also needs other low-temperature cold sources to remove the residual heat of the cold and wet air together, so that the complexity of the system is increased.
Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing absorption heat pump drying system, avoid the requirements for circulating air, an absorption heat pump evaporator and an external low-temperature cold source, and reduce the energy consumption and complexity of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vacuum low-temperature open absorption heat pump drying system with simple structure and convenient use and a use method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a drying system of a vacuum low-temperature open absorption heat pump and a using method thereof, wherein the drying system comprises: the generator, the condenser, the absorber, the drier and the cooler are all hollow and sealed; the generator is connected with the absorber through a solution circulating pipeline, and the condenser, the absorber and the drier are connected through a hot water circulating pipeline;
a hollow and sealed generator internal heating channel is arranged in the generator, and a generator heat source inlet and a generator heat source outlet are respectively arranged on the generator internal heating channel; the upper wall of the generator is provided with a generator steam outlet and a generator solution inlet, and the bottom wall of the generator is provided with a generator solution outlet;
a hollow and sealed condenser internal cooling channel is arranged in the condenser, and a condenser cold source inlet and a condenser cold source outlet are respectively arranged on the condenser internal cooling channel; the wall of the condenser is provided with a condenser steam inlet, and the condenser steam inlet is hermetically connected with the generator steam outlet through a pipeline; a condenser condensate water outlet is arranged on the bottom wall of the condenser;
the top of the inner cavity of the absorber is provided with a group of spraying devices, the wall of the absorber is provided with an absorber solution inlet, and the spraying devices are connected with the absorber solution inlet in a sealing way through a pipeline; the inner cavity of the absorber is provided with a hollow and sealed absorber internal cooling channel, and the absorber internal cooling channel is respectively provided with an absorber cold source inlet and an absorber cold source outlet; an absorber solution outlet is arranged on the bottom wall of the absorber;
a hollow and sealed cooler internal cooling channel is arranged in the inner cavity of the cooler, and a cooler cold source inlet and a cooler cold source outlet are respectively arranged on the cooler internal cooling channel; a cooler steam inlet is arranged on the wall of the cooler; a cooler condensate water outlet is arranged on the bottom wall of the cooler;
a first drier steam outlet and a second drier steam outlet are arranged on the top wall of the drier, the first drier steam outlet is hermetically connected with the absorber steam inlet through a pipeline, and the second drier steam outlet is hermetically connected with the pipeline cooler steam inlet; a drier feed port and a drier discharge port with soft sealing structures are respectively arranged on the wall of the drier, the drier feed port and the drier discharge port are respectively positioned on the opposite walls at the two sides of the drier, and the height of the position of the drier discharge port is lower than that of the position of the drier feed port; at least one hollow and sealed heating plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the drier, the heating plate is obliquely arranged in the inner cavity of the drier, two ends of the heating plate are respectively connected with the drier feeding hole and the drier discharging hole, the heating plate is provided with a corresponding scraping device, and the heating plate is respectively provided with a heating plate heat source inlet and a heating plate heat source outlet;
the solution circulating pipeline comprises a first solution heat exchanger and a second solution heat exchanger, and a heating channel and a cooling channel which are mutually isolated are arranged in the first solution heat exchanger and the second solution heat exchanger; the solution outlet of the generator is connected with the solution inlet of the absorber after passing through the concentrated solution pump, the heating channel of the first solution heat exchanger and the heating channel of the second solution heat exchanger in sequence; the solution outlet of the absorber is connected with the solution inlet of the generator after passing through a dilute solution pump and a cooling channel of the first solution heat exchanger in sequence, and the solution circulating pipelines are connected in a sealing way through pipelines;
the hot water circulation pipeline is characterized in that a cold source outlet of the condenser is connected with a hot plate heat source inlet, the hot plate heat source outlet is connected with an absorber cold source inlet after passing through the hot water circulation pump, and the absorber cold source outlet is connected with a condenser cold source inlet after passing through a cooling channel of the second solution heat exchanger; the connection on the hot water circulation pipeline is sealed connection through a pipeline.
The invention relates to an improvement of a drying system of a vacuum low-temperature open absorption heat pump, which comprises the following steps:
the condenser condensate outlet is connected with a condenser condensate pump and then communicated to the outside;
and the cooler condensate outlet is connected with a cooler condensate pump and then communicated to the outside.
The invention relates to a further improvement of a drying system of a vacuum low-temperature open absorption heat pump, which comprises the following steps:
the wall of the condenser is provided with a condenser exhaust valve, and two ends of the condenser exhaust valve are respectively communicated with an inner cavity of the condenser and an external vacuum-pumping system;
an absorber exhaust valve is arranged on the wall of the absorber, and two ends of the absorber exhaust valve are respectively communicated with an inner cavity of the absorber and an external vacuum pumping system;
and a cooler exhaust valve is arranged on the wall of the cooler, and two ends of the cooler exhaust valve are respectively communicated with the inner cavity of the cooler and the external vacuum-pumping system.
The invention relates to a further improvement of a drying system of a vacuum low-temperature open absorption heat pump, which comprises the following steps:
the generator heat source inlet and the generator heat source outlet are connected with an external heat source, and the external heat source adopts steam, hot water, high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature oil, waste heat or waste heat resources;
the cooler cold source inlet and the cooler cold source outlet are connected with an external cold source, and the external cold source is air or cooling water without limitation;
the solution flowing through the generator, the absorber and the solution circulating pipeline is a non-volatile solution system, and the liquid flowing through the hot water circulating pipeline is hot water.
The invention also provides a method for drying materials by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
1) pre-filling solution into the inner cavity of the generator to immerse the heating channel inside the generator in the solution; an external heat source continuously enters the inner cavity of the internal heating channel of the generator through the heat source inlet of the generator, and continuously flows out from the heat source outlet of the generator after heat exchange is carried out between the external heat source and the solution in the inner cavity of the generator through the internal heating channel of the generator to release heat; (ii) a
2) Solution circulation between generator and absorber:
after the solution in the inner cavity of the generator absorbs the heat emitted by the internal heating channel, part of water in the solution is evaporated into steam under the internal pressure of the generator and flows out from a steam outlet of the generator, and meanwhile, the concentration of the solution is increased to become a concentrated solution;
the concentrated solution flows out of a solution outlet of the generator, enters a solution circulating pipeline, is pressurized by a concentrated solution pump, enters a heating channel of a first solution heat exchanger, is reduced in temperature after heat is released, then enters a heating channel of a second solution heat exchanger, is continuously reduced in temperature after heat is released, and finally enters a spraying device from a solution inlet of the absorber and is sprayed into an inner cavity of the absorber;
under the action of the pressure in the absorber, the water vapor sprayed by the spraying device and entering from the vapor inlet of the absorber in the step 4) is absorbed into a dilute solution, and the latent heat of condensation is released to heat the cooling channel of the absorber; then the dilute solution falls into the bottom of the absorber, comes out from a solution outlet of the absorber, is pressurized to be above the pressure of an inner cavity of the generator through a dilute solution pump, absorbs the heat released by the solution in a heating channel of the first solution heat exchanger through a cooling channel of the first solution heat exchanger, then the temperature is raised, and then the dilute solution enters the generator through a solution inlet of the generator to continue to participate in circulation;
3) the steam flowing out of the steam outlet of the generator in the step 2) enters the condenser under the action of the pressure difference between the generator and the condenser, and becomes condensed water after releasing heat to the water in the cooling channel in the condenser; condensed water flows out from a condensed water outlet of the condenser, is pressurized by a condensed water pump of the condenser and then is discharged to the outside;
4) and circulation among the condenser, the drier and the absorber:
the water in the cooling channel in the condenser absorbs heat and then the temperature rises to high-temperature water, the high-temperature water flows out from the cold source outlet of the condenser and enters the inner cavity of the heating plate through the heat source inlet of the heating plate, the temperature is reduced after the heat is released to the object to be dried on the heating plate, the water becomes water with lower temperature, and then the water flows out from the heat source outlet of the heating plate;
then, after being pressurized by a hot water circulating pump, water with lower temperature flows into a cooling channel inside the absorber through a cold source inlet of the absorber, meanwhile, the concentrated solution sprayed and falling in the step 2) absorbs water vapor and releases latent heat of condensation, so that the temperature of the water in the cooling channel inside the absorber is increased, and then the water flows into a cooling channel of a second solution heat exchanger, the temperature is continuously increased after the heat released by the solution in the heating channel of the second solution heat exchanger is absorbed, then the water enters a cooling channel inside the condenser through a cold source inlet of the condenser, and the temperature is further increased after the latent heat of condensation released by the water vapor in the condenser is absorbed, so that the water becomes high-temperature water;
then the high-temperature water is discharged from a condensation outlet of the condenser and continuously participates in circulation;
5) and drying the material:
the external material to be dried enters the inner cavity of the drier through the drier feed port by an external pushing machine and then falls on the heating plate, the material to be dried moves obliquely and downwards on the heating plate under the action of gravity and a scraping device, and simultaneously absorbs heat released by high-temperature water in the heating plate, moisture contained in the material to be dried is evaporated into water vapor under low pressure, the water content is gradually reduced to be dried, and finally the water vapor is discharged to the outside from the drier discharge port to finish the drying process;
part of water vapor generated in the drying process is conveyed from a first vapor outlet of the dryer to a vapor inlet of the absorber to enter an inner cavity of the absorber to participate in the circulation of the step 2); the rest part flows out from a second steam outlet of the drier and is sent to a steam inlet of the cooler to enter an inner cavity of the cooler;
6) after continuously entering the cooling channel inside the cooler through the cold source inlet of the cooler, the external cold source and the water vapor in the inner cavity of the cooler are subjected to heat exchange reaction, and continuously flow out from the cold source outlet of the cooler after the temperature is raised;
the water vapor in the inner cavity of the cooler is cooled and condensed to form condensed water, the condensed water flows out from a condensed water outlet of the cooler, and the condensed water is pressurized by a condensed water pump of the cooler and then discharged to the outside;
7) and when the non-condensable gas needs to be exhausted or the vacuum pumping is required in the absorber, the condenser and the cooler, respectively opening an absorber exhaust valve, a condenser exhaust valve and a cooler exhaust valve, and respectively exhausting the internal gas of the absorber, the condenser and the cooler to an external vacuum pumping system.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention does not need circulating air, thereby saving the energy consumption of the fan;
2. the invention does not need an evaporator, thereby reducing the complexity of the system;
3. the invention does not need low-temperature cold source, thus improving the climate adaptability of the system;
4. the invention needs lower temperature of heat source, which improves the adaptability of heat source.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a drying system of a vacuum low-temperature open absorption heat pump according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto:
embodiment 1, a drying system of a vacuum low-temperature open absorption heat pump and a using method thereof, as shown in fig. 1, includes a generator 1, a condenser 2, an absorber 3, a dryer 8 and a cooler 9, wherein the generator 1 and the absorber 3 are connected through a solution circulation pipeline a, and the condenser 2, the absorber 3 and the dryer 8 are connected through a solution circulation pipeline b;
the generator 1 is a hollow sealing structure, a generator internal heating channel 111 is arranged in the generator 1, the generator internal heating channel 111 is a hollow sealing structure and is isolated from the inner cavity of the generator 1, a generator heat source inlet 104 and a generator heat source outlet 105 are respectively arranged on the generator internal heating channel 111, the generator heat source inlet 104 and the generator heat source outlet 105 are both communicated with the inner cavity of the generator internal heating channel 111, and the generator internal heating channel 111 is connected with an external heat source through the generator heat source inlet 104 and the generator heat source outlet 105 and is an inlet and an outlet for the external heat source to enter and exit the inner cavity of the generator internal heating channel 111; a generator steam outlet 102 and a generator solution inlet 101 are arranged on the wall of the generator 1 higher than the position of the heating channel 111 in the generator, a generator solution outlet 103 is arranged on the bottom wall of the generator 1, and the generator solution inlet 101, the generator steam outlet 102 and the generator solution outlet 103 are all communicated with the inner cavity of the generator 1;
the solution enters the inner cavity of the generator 1 from the generator solution inlet 101 and exchanges heat with a heat source in a heating channel 111 in the generator, part of moisture in the solution is evaporated into water vapor and flows out from the generator vapor outlet 102, the concentration of the residual solution is increased, and the water vapor becomes concentrated solution and flows out from the generator solution outlet 103;
the condenser 2 is a hollow sealing structure, a condenser internal cooling channel 21 is arranged in the condenser 2, the condenser internal cooling channel 21 is a hollow sealing structure and is isolated from the inner cavity of the condenser 2, a condenser cold source inlet 201 and a condenser cold source outlet 204 are respectively arranged on the condenser internal cooling channel 21, the condenser cold source inlet 201 and the condenser cold source outlet 204 are both communicated with the inner cavity of the condenser internal cooling channel 21, and the condenser internal cooling channel 21 is connected with a hot water circulation pipeline b through the condenser cold source inlet 201 and the condenser cold source outlet 204; a condenser steam inlet 202 is arranged on the wall of the condenser 2, a condenser condensate outlet 203 is arranged on the bottom wall of the condenser 2, the condenser steam inlet 202 and the condenser condensate outlet 203 are both communicated with the inner cavity of the condenser 2, the condenser steam inlet 202 and the generator steam outlet 102 are hermetically connected through a pipeline, and the condenser condensate outlet 203 is connected with a condenser condensate pump 7 and then communicated to the outside; a condenser exhaust valve 22 is arranged on the wall of the condenser 2, and two ends of the condenser exhaust valve 22 are respectively communicated with the inner cavity of the condenser 2 and an external vacuum-pumping system;
the absorber 3 is a hollow sealing structure, a group of spraying devices 33 are arranged at the top of the inner cavity of the absorber 3, an absorber solution inlet 301 is arranged on the wall of the absorber 3, and the spraying devices 33 are connected with the absorber solution inlet 301 through a pipeline; an inner cavity of the absorber 3 is provided with an absorber internal cooling channel 31, the absorber internal cooling channel 31 is a hollow sealing structure and is isolated from the inner cavity of the absorber 3, the absorber internal cooling channel 31 is respectively provided with an absorber cold source inlet 303 and an absorber cold source outlet 302, the absorber cold source inlet 303 and the absorber cold source outlet 302 are both communicated with the inner cavity of the absorber internal cooling channel 31, and the absorber internal cooling channel 31 is communicated with a hot water circulation pipeline b through the absorber cold source inlet 303 and the absorber cold source outlet 302; an absorber steam inlet 305 is arranged on the wall of the absorber 3, and the height position of the absorber steam inlet 305 is positioned between the spraying device 33 and the inner cooling channel 31 of the absorber and communicated with the inner cavity of the absorber 3; an absorber solution outlet 304 is arranged on the bottom wall of the absorber 3, and the absorber solution outlet 304 is communicated with the inner cavity of the absorber 3; an absorber exhaust valve 32 is arranged on the wall of the absorber 3, and two ends of the absorber exhaust valve 32 are respectively communicated with the inner cavity of the absorber 3 and an external vacuum-pumping system;
the drier 8 is a hollow sealing structure, the inner cavity is a material drying place, a drier first steam outlet 802 and a drier second steam outlet 803 are arranged on the top wall of the drier 8, the drier first steam outlet 802 and the drier second steam outlet 803 are both communicated with the inner cavity of the drier 8, and meanwhile, the drier first steam outlet 802 is hermetically connected with the absorber steam inlet 305 through a pipeline; a drier feed port 801 with a soft sealing structure is arranged on the wall of the drier 8, a drier discharge port 804 with a soft sealing structure is arranged on the wall of the drier 8 opposite to the drier feed port 801, and the height of the position of the drier discharge port 804 is lower than that of the position of the drier feed port 801; at least one heating plate 807 is arranged in the inner cavity of the dryer 8, the heating plate 807 is of a hollow sealing structure and is isolated from the inner cavity of the dryer 8, the heating plate 807 is obliquely arranged in the inner cavity of the dryer 8, and two ends of the heating plate 807 are respectively connected with the dryer feed inlet 801 and the dryer discharge outlet 804, so that the end with the high position of the heating plate 807 can receive the material to be dried coming from the dryer feed inlet 801, the material to be dried is heated and dried by the heating plate 807 while moving on the surface of the heating plate 807, and finally the material is sent out of the dryer 8 from the other end with the low position of the heating plate 807 through the dryer discharge outlet 804; a corresponding scraping device 811 is arranged on the heating plate 807 to achieve better stripping effect; a heating plate heat source inlet 806 and a heating plate heat source outlet 805 are respectively arranged on the heating plate 807, the heating plate heat source inlet 806 and the heating plate heat source outlet 805 are communicated with the inner cavity of the heating plate 807, and the heating plate 807 is connected with a hot water circulation pipeline b through the heating plate heat source inlet 806 and the heating plate heat source outlet 805;
the external material to be dried enters the inner cavity of the drier 8 through the soft sealing structure of the drier feed inlet 801 by an external pushing machine and then falls on the heating plate 807, the material to be dried slowly moves downwards in an inclined way under the action of gravity and the internal scraping device 811, and simultaneously absorbs heat released by the heating plate 807, moisture contained in the material to be dried is evaporated into water vapor under low pressure, the water content of the material to be dried is gradually reduced and dried, and finally the material to be dried is discharged to the outside through the soft sealing structure of the drier discharge outlet 804 by the external pushing machine, so that the drying process is completed; water vapor is discharged from the dryer first vapor outlet 802 and the dryer second vapor outlet 803;
the cooler 9 is a hollow sealing structure and is used for condensing water vapor generated by the drier 8 and discharging the condensed water vapor to the outside, the cooler 9 is internally provided with a cooler internal cooling channel 91, the cooler internal cooling channel 91 is a hollow sealing structure and is mutually isolated from the inner cavity of the cooler 9, the cooler internal cooling channel 91 is respectively provided with a cooler cold source inlet 902 and a cooler cold source outlet 903, the cooler internal cooling channel 91 is connected with an external cold source through the cooler cold source inlet 902 and the cooler cold source outlet 903, and the external cold source enters the cooler internal cooling channel 91 through the cooler cold source inlet 902, exchanges heat with the water vapor in the inner cavity of the cooler 9 and then flows out from the cooler cold source outlet 903 after the heat exchange reaction; a cooler steam inlet 901 is arranged on the wall of the cooler 9, and the cooler steam inlet 901 is communicated with the inner cavity of the cooler 9 and is connected with a second dryer steam outlet 803 in a sealing way through a pipeline; a cooler condensate outlet 904 is arranged on the bottom wall of the cooler 9, the cooler condensate outlet 904 is communicated with the inner cavity of the cooler 9, water vapor in the inner cavity of the cooler 9 exchanges heat with the cooling channel 91 in the cooler to be cooled into condensate water, and then the condensate water flows out of the cooler condensate outlet 904, the cooler condensate outlet 904 is connected with the cooler condensate pump 4 and then is connected to the outside, and finally the condensate water is discharged to the outside; a cooler exhaust valve 92 is arranged on the wall of the cooler 9, and two ends of the cooler exhaust valve 92 are respectively communicated with the inner cavity of the cooler 9 and an external vacuum-pumping system;
the solution circulation pipeline a, as a path indicated by a solid line in fig. 1, includes a first solution heat exchanger 6 and a second solution heat exchanger 10, wherein a heating channel and a cooling channel which are isolated from each other are arranged inside each of the first solution heat exchanger 6 and the second solution heat exchanger 10, a liquid flowing through the heating channel of the first solution heat exchanger 6 can exchange heat with a liquid flowing through the cooling channel of the first solution heat exchanger 6, and a liquid flowing through the heating channel of the second solution heat exchanger 10 can exchange heat with a liquid flowing through the cooling channel of the second solution heat exchanger 10; the generator solution outlet 103 is connected with the absorber solution inlet 301 after passing through the concentrated solution pump 11, the heating channel of the first solution heat exchanger 6 and the heating channel of the second solution heat exchanger 10 in sequence; the absorber solution outlet 304 is connected with the generator solution inlet 101 after passing through the cooling channels of the dilute solution pump 5 and the first solution heat exchanger 6 in sequence, and the connection is sealed through a pipeline;
a hot water circulation pipeline b, as a path indicated by a dotted line in fig. 1, is connected between the condenser cold source outlet 204 and the heating plate heat source inlet 806, the heating plate heat source outlet 805 is connected to the absorber cold source inlet 303 through the hot water circulation pump 12, and the absorber cold source outlet 302 is connected to the condenser cold source inlet 201 through the cooling channel of the second solution heat exchanger 10; the connections are all sealed connections through pipelines;
the above connections are also all sealed connections through pipes.
The generator internal heating path 111, the condenser internal cooling path 21, the absorber internal cooling path 31, and the heating plate 807 are made of a material having a good heat conductive property to enhance the heat exchange performance.
The external heat sources connected with the generator heat source inlet 104 and the generator heat source outlet 105 can adopt steam, hot water, high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature oil, waste heat resources and the like;
the external cold source connected with the cold source inlet 902 and the cold source outlet 903 of the cooler can be air or cooling water;
the solution flowing in the generator 1, the absorber 3 and the solution circulating pipeline a adopts a non-volatile solution system (such as a lithium bromide solution); the liquid flowing in the hot water circulation pipeline b is water.
The method for drying a material using example 1 includes the following steps:
1. the inner cavity of the generator 1 is pre-filled with a solution, so that the internal heating channel 111 of the generator is immersed in the solution; an external heat source continuously enters the inner cavity of the generator internal heating channel 111 through the generator heat source inlet 104, and continuously flows out from the generator heat source outlet 105 after heat exchange is carried out between the external heat source and the solution in the inner cavity of the generator 1 through the generator internal heating channel 111 to release heat;
2. solution circulation between generator 1-absorber 3:
after the solution in the inner cavity of the generator 1 absorbs the heat emitted by the internal heating channel 111, under the internal pressure of the generator 1, part of the water in the solution is evaporated into steam and flows out from the steam outlet 102 of the generator, and the concentration of the solution is increased to become a concentrated solution;
the concentrated solution flows out from the generator solution outlet 103, enters the solution circulation pipeline a for circular flow, namely, the concentrated solution flows out from the generator solution outlet 103, is pressurized by the concentrated solution pump 11 to overcome the pipeline flow resistance, then enters the heating channel of the first solution heat exchanger 6, is reduced in temperature after heat release, then enters the heating channel of the second solution heat exchanger 10, is continuously reduced in temperature after heat release, and finally enters the spraying device 33 from the absorber solution inlet 301 and is sprayed into the inner cavity of the absorber 3;
under the action of the pressure inside the absorber 3, the strong solution sprayed by the spraying device 33 absorbs the water vapor entering from the absorber vapor inlet 305 in the step 4 into a weak solution, and releases the latent heat of condensation for heating the hot water in the absorber cooling channel 31; then, the dilute solution falls into the bottom of the absorber 3, comes out from an absorber solution outlet 304, is pressurized to be above the pressure of an inner cavity of the generator 1 through the dilute solution pump 5, absorbs the heat released by the solution in a heating channel of the first solution heat exchanger 6 through a cooling channel of the first solution heat exchanger 6, increases the temperature, enters the generator 1 through a generator solution inlet 101, and continues to participate in circulation;
3. in the step 2, steam flowing out of the steam outlet 102 of the generator enters the condenser 2 under the action of the pressure difference between the generator 1 and the condenser 2, and becomes condensed water after releasing heat to water in the cooling channel 21 in the condenser; the condensed water flows out from a condensed water outlet 203 of the condenser, is pressurized by a condensed water pump 7 of the condenser and then is discharged to the outside;
4. circulation among the condenser 2, the drier 8 and the absorber 3:
after absorbing heat, the water in the cooling channel 21 in the condenser rises to high temperature water, and then flows out from the cold source outlet 204 of the condenser into the hot water circulation pipeline b to circulate, i.e. the high temperature water flows out from the cold source outlet 204 of the condenser and then enters the inner cavity of the heating plate 807 through the heating plate heat source inlet 806, and after releasing heat to the drying object on the heating plate 807, the temperature is reduced to low temperature water, and then the water flows out from the heating plate heat source outlet 805;
then, after being pressurized by the hot water circulating pump 12, the water with lower temperature flows into the inner cooling channel 31 of the absorber through the cold source inlet 303 of the absorber, meanwhile, the falling concentrated solution sprayed in the step 2 absorbs the water vapor to release the condensation latent heat, so that the temperature of the water in the inner cooling channel 31 of the absorber rises, the water with the increased temperature flows into the cooling channel of the second solution heat exchanger 10 from the cold source outlet 302 of the absorber, the temperature continues to rise after absorbing the heat released by the solution in the heating channel of the second solution heat exchanger 10, then the water enters the inner cooling channel 21 of the condenser through the cold source inlet 201 of the condenser, and the temperature further rises after absorbing the condensation latent heat released by the water vapor in the inner cavity of the condenser 2, so that the water becomes high-temperature water;
then the high-temperature water comes out from a condenser condensation outlet 204 and continues to participate in circulation;
5. drying the material:
an external material to be dried enters an inner cavity of the drier 8 through a drier feeding hole 801 by an external pushing machine and then falls on the heating plate 807, the material to be dried slowly moves downwards in an inclined manner on the heating plate 807 under the action of gravity and the scraping device 811, heat released by high-temperature water in the heating plate 807 is absorbed, moisture contained in the material to be dried is evaporated into steam under low pressure, the water content of the material to be dried is gradually reduced and dried, and finally the material to be dried is discharged to the outside from a drier discharging hole 804, so that the drying process is completed;
a part of the water vapor generated in the drying process is conveyed from the dryer first vapor outlet 802 to the absorber vapor inlet 305 to enter the inner cavity of the absorber 3 to participate in the cycle of the step 2; the rest part flows out from the dryer second steam outlet 803 and is sent to the cooler steam inlet 901 to enter the inner cavity of the cooler 9;
6. after continuously entering the inner cavity of the cooler internal cooling channel 91 through the cooler cold source inlet 902, the external cold source generates a heat exchange reaction with water vapor in the inner cavity of the cooler 9 through the cooler internal cooling channel 91, and continuously flows out from the cooler cold source outlet 903 after the temperature is raised;
the water vapor in the inner cavity of the cooler 9 is cooled and condensed to form condensed water, the condensed water flows out from a condensed water outlet 904 of the cooler, and is pressurized by a condensed water pump 4 of the cooler and then discharged to the outside;
7. when the non-condensable gas needs to be exhausted or vacuumized in the absorber 3, the condenser 2 and the cooler 9, the absorber exhaust valve 32, the condenser exhaust valve 22 and the cooler exhaust valve 92 are respectively opened, and the internal gas of the absorber 3, the condenser 2 and the cooler 9 is respectively exhausted to an external vacuum-pumping system.
It should be noted that the external heat source, the external heat sink and the external vacuum system involved in the above steps are all the prior art, and the corresponding ready-made products are easily available in the market, so the structure and principle of the specific implementation thereof are not described herein.
Experiment 1,
The experimental design conditions were: the initial water content of the sludge is 40%, the water content after dehydration is 15%, the dehydration amount of each kg of sludge is 0.294kg, the environment temperature is 30 ℃, the average dehydration temperature is 50 ℃, the working temperature of the absorber is 70 ℃, and the pressure of the absorber is 8 kap.
The drying effect and experimental parameters of the vacuum low-temperature open absorption heat pump drying system of example 1 on 1kg of sludge are shown in table 1, and the drying effect of the closed absorption heat pump drying system proposed by the patents with application numbers CN201910320132.5 and CN201920892336.1 under the same experimental conditions is shown in table 1.
The result shows that the water making ratio (namely the heat utilization efficiency, the ratio of the heat required by dehydration to the actual heat consumption) of the first embodiment is 1.77, the requirement on a cold source is 30 ℃, an environmental cold source is adopted, the invention does not need an evaporator and circulating air during operation, the maximum generation temperature of the system is 110 ℃, and the minimum pressure is 8 kpa; the closed absorption heat pump drying system proposed by the patent application numbers CN201910320132.5 and CN201920892336.1 has a water making ratio of only 1.38, and needs a low-temperature cold source (about 20 ℃) for removing excess heat, and also needs an evaporator and a circulating fan, and the maximum generation temperature of the system is 150.2 ℃, and the minimum pressure is 1.8 kpa. Therefore, the heat energy utilization efficiency of the invention is higher, the evaporator and the corresponding heat transfer link are saved, the low-temperature cold source is not needed, the circulating air and the circulating fan are not needed, the temperature and the vacuum degree of the needed heat source are greatly reduced, the complexity of the system is reduced, the energy efficiency is improved, the adaptability of the system is enhanced, and the original purpose of the invention is effectively realized.
TABLE 1 sludge drying Performance comparison of the systems
Figure BDA0002759011290000101
Figure BDA0002759011290000111
Finally, it is also noted that the above-mentioned list is only a few specific embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides a vacuum low temperature open absorption heat pump mummification system which characterized in that: comprises a generator (1), a condenser (2), an absorber (3), a drier (8) and a cooler (9); the generator (1) is connected with the absorber (3) through a solution circulating pipeline (a), and the condenser (2), the absorber (3) and the drier (8) are connected through a hot water circulating pipeline (b);
a generator internal heating channel (111) is arranged in the generator (1), and a generator heat source inlet (104) and a generator heat source outlet (105) are respectively arranged on the generator internal heating channel (111); a generator steam outlet (102) and a generator solution inlet (101) are arranged on the wall of the upper part of the generator (1), and a generator solution outlet (103) is arranged on the wall of the bottom of the generator (1);
a condenser internal cooling channel (21) is arranged in the condenser (2), and a condenser cold source inlet (201) and a condenser cold source outlet (204) are respectively arranged on the condenser internal cooling channel (21); a condenser steam inlet (202) is arranged on the wall of the condenser (2), and the condenser steam inlet (202) is hermetically connected with the generator steam outlet (102) through a pipeline; a condenser condensate outlet (203) is arranged on the bottom wall of the condenser (2);
the top of the inner cavity of the absorber (3) is provided with a group of spraying devices (33), the wall of the absorber (3) is provided with an absorber solution inlet (301), and the spraying devices (33) are hermetically connected with the absorber solution inlet (301) through a pipeline; an inner cavity of the absorber (3) is provided with an absorber internal cooling channel (31), and the absorber internal cooling channel (31) is respectively provided with an absorber cold source inlet (303) and an absorber cold source outlet (302); an absorber solution outlet (304) is arranged on the bottom wall of the absorber (3);
a cooler internal cooling channel (91) is arranged in the inner cavity of the cooler (9), and a cooler cold source inlet (902) and a cooler cold source outlet (903) are respectively arranged on the cooler internal cooling channel (91); a cooler steam inlet (901) is arranged on the wall of the cooler (9); a cooler condensed water outlet (904) is arranged on the bottom wall of the cooler (9);
a first drier steam outlet (802) and a second drier steam outlet (803) are arranged on the top wall of the drier (8), the first drier steam outlet (802) is hermetically connected with the absorber steam inlet (305) through a pipeline, and the second drier steam outlet (803) is hermetically connected with the cooler steam inlet (901) through a pipeline; a drier feed port (801) and a drier discharge port (804) with sealing structures are respectively arranged on the wall of the drier (8), the drier feed port (801) and the drier discharge port (804) are respectively positioned on the opposite walls at two sides of the drier (8), and the height of the position of the drier discharge port (804) is lower than that of the position of the drier feed port (801); at least one hollow and sealed heating plate (807) is arranged in the inner cavity of the drier (8), the heating plate (807) is obliquely arranged in the inner cavity of the drier (8), two ends of the heating plate (807) are respectively connected with a drier feeding hole (801) and a drier discharging hole (804), a corresponding scraping device (811) is arranged on the heating plate (807), and a heating plate heat source inlet (806) and a heating plate heat source outlet (805) are respectively arranged on the heating plate (807);
the solution circulating pipeline a comprises a first solution heat exchanger (6) and a second solution heat exchanger (10), and a heating channel and a cooling channel which are mutually isolated are arranged in the first solution heat exchanger (6) and the second solution heat exchanger (10); a generator solution outlet (103) is connected with an absorber solution inlet (301) after sequentially passing through a concentrated solution pump (11), a heating channel of a first solution heat exchanger (6) and a heating channel of a second solution heat exchanger (10); an absorber solution outlet (304) is connected with a generator solution inlet (101) after passing through a dilute solution pump (5) and a cooling channel of a first solution heat exchanger (6) in sequence, and the connection on the solution circulating pipeline a is sealed connection through a pipeline;
the hot water circulating pipeline b is characterized in that a cold source outlet (204) of the condenser is connected with a hot plate heat source inlet (806), a hot plate heat source outlet (805) of the heating plate is connected with an absorber cold source inlet (303) through a hot water circulating pump (12), and an absorber cold source outlet (302) is connected with a cold source inlet (201) of the condenser through a cooling channel of the second solution heat exchanger (10); the connection on the hot water circulation pipeline b is sealed connection through a pipeline;
a condenser exhaust valve (22) is arranged on the wall of the condenser (2), and two ends of the condenser exhaust valve (22) are respectively communicated with the inner cavity of the condenser (2) and an external vacuum-pumping system;
an absorber exhaust valve (32) is arranged on the wall of the absorber (3), and two ends of the absorber exhaust valve (32) are respectively communicated with an inner cavity of the absorber (3) and an external vacuum-pumping system;
and a cooler exhaust valve (92) is arranged on the wall of the cooler (9), and two ends of the cooler exhaust valve (92) are respectively communicated with the inner cavity of the cooler (9) and an external vacuum-pumping system.
2. The vacuum low temperature open absorption heat pump drying system according to claim 1, wherein:
the condenser condensate outlet (203) is connected with a condenser condensate pump (7) and then communicated to the outside;
and the cooler condensate water outlet (904) is connected with a cooler condensate water pump (4) and then communicated to the outside.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the system further comprises:
the generator heat source inlet (104) and the generator heat source outlet (105) are connected with an external heat source, and the external heat source adopts steam, hot water, high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature oil waste heat or waste heat resources;
the cooler cold source inlet (902) and the cooler cold source outlet (903) are connected with an external cold source, and the external cold source adopts air or cooling water;
the solution flowing in the generator (1), the absorber (3) and the solution circulating pipeline (a) is a non-volatile solution system, and the liquid flowing in the hot water circulating pipeline (b) is hot water.
4. The use method of the vacuum low-temperature open absorption heat pump drying system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the use method comprises the following steps: the method for drying the material comprises the following steps:
1) pre-filling solution into the inner cavity of the generator (1) to immerse the heating channel (111) inside the generator in the solution; an external heat source continuously enters the inner cavity of the internal heating channel (111) of the generator through the heat source inlet (104) of the generator, and continuously flows out from the heat source outlet (105) of the generator after heat exchange is carried out between the external heat source and the solution in the inner cavity of the generator (1) through the internal heating channel (111) of the generator to release heat;
2) solution circulation between generator (1) -absorber (3):
after the solution in the inner cavity of the generator (1) absorbs the heat emitted by the internal heating channel (111), part of water in the solution is evaporated into steam under the internal pressure of the generator (1) and flows out from a steam outlet (102) of the generator, and the concentration of the solution is increased to become concentrated solution;
the concentrated solution flows out of a solution outlet (103) of the generator, enters a solution circulating pipeline (a), is pressurized by a concentrated solution pump (11), then enters a heating channel of a first solution heat exchanger (6), is reduced in temperature after heat is released, then enters a heating channel of a second solution heat exchanger (10), is continuously reduced in temperature after heat is released, and finally enters a spraying device (33) from an absorber solution inlet (301) and is sprayed into an inner cavity of an absorber (3);
under the action of the internal pressure of the absorber (3), the water vapor sprayed by the spraying device (33) from the concentrated solution absorbing step 4) enters from the absorber vapor inlet (305) to become a dilute solution, and simultaneously releases the latent heat of condensation for heating the absorber cooling channel (31); then the dilute solution falls into the bottom of the absorber (3), comes out from an absorber solution outlet (304), is pressurized to be above the pressure of an inner cavity of the generator (1) through a dilute solution pump (5), passes through a cooling channel of the first solution heat exchanger (6), absorbs the heat released by the solution in a heating channel of the first solution heat exchanger (6), then the temperature is raised, enters the generator (1) through a generator solution inlet (101), and continues to participate in circulation;
3) in the step 2), steam flowing out of a steam outlet (102) of the generator enters the condenser (2) under the action of pressure difference between the generator (1) and the condenser (2), and becomes condensed water after releasing heat to water in a cooling channel (21) in the condenser; condensed water flows out from a condensed water outlet (203) of the condenser, is pressurized by a condensed water pump (7) of the condenser and then is discharged to the outside;
4) circulation among condenser (2), drier (8) and absorber (3):
after absorbing heat, water in the cooling channel (21) in the condenser rises to high-temperature water, the high-temperature water flows out of the cold source outlet (204) of the condenser and enters the inner cavity of the heating plate (807) through the heating plate heat source inlet (806), after heat is released to a drying object on the heating plate (807), the temperature is reduced to form water with lower temperature, and then the water flows out of the heating plate heat source outlet (805);
then, after being pressurized by a hot water circulating pump (12), water with lower temperature flows into an inner cooling channel (31) of the absorber through a cold source inlet (303) of the absorber, meanwhile, the falling concentrated solution sprayed in the step 2) absorbs water vapor and releases latent heat of condensation, so that the temperature of the water in the inner cooling channel (31) of the absorber rises, then the water flows into a cooling channel of a second solution heat exchanger (10), the temperature continues to rise after absorbing the heat released by the solution in the heating channel of the second solution heat exchanger (10), then the water enters an inner cooling channel (21) of the condenser through a cold source inlet (201) of the condenser, and after absorbing the latent heat of condensation released by the water vapor in the condenser (2), the temperature further rises to become high-temperature water;
then the high-temperature water is discharged from a condensation outlet (204) of the condenser and continuously participates in circulation;
5) and drying the material:
an external material to be dried enters an inner cavity of a drier (8) through a drier feed port (801) by an external pushing machine and then falls on a heating plate (807), the material to be dried moves obliquely and downwards on the heating plate (807) under the action of gravity and a scraping device (811), heat released by high-temperature water in the heating plate (807) is absorbed, moisture contained in the material to be dried is evaporated into water vapor under low pressure, the water content is gradually reduced to be dried, and finally the water vapor is discharged to the outside from a drier discharge port (804) to finish a drying process;
part of water vapor generated in the drying process is conveyed from a first dryer vapor outlet (802) to an absorber vapor inlet (305) to enter an inner cavity of an absorber (3) to participate in the circulation of the step 2), and the rest part of water vapor flows out from a second dryer vapor outlet (803) to be conveyed to a cooler vapor inlet (901) to enter an inner cavity of a cooler (9);
6) after continuously entering an inner cavity of the cooler internal cooling channel (91) through the cooler cold source inlet (902), the external cold source generates a heat exchange reaction with water vapor in the inner cavity of the cooler (9) through the cooler internal cooling channel (91), and continuously flows out from the cooler cold source outlet (903) after the temperature is raised;
the water vapor in the inner cavity of the cooler (9) is cooled and condensed to form condensed water, the condensed water flows out of a condensed water outlet (904) of the cooler, and is pressurized by a condensed water pump (4) of the cooler and then discharged to the outside;
7) and when non-condensable gas needs to be removed or vacuum pumping needs to be performed in the absorber (3), the condenser (2) and the cooler (9), opening an absorber exhaust valve (32), a condenser exhaust valve (22) and a cooler exhaust valve (92) respectively, and exhausting internal gas of the absorber (3), the condenser (2) and the cooler (9) to an external vacuum pumping system respectively.
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