CN112375908B - Lead refining process for recycling lead-acid battery - Google Patents
Lead refining process for recycling lead-acid battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN112375908B CN112375908B CN202011158659.1A CN202011158659A CN112375908B CN 112375908 B CN112375908 B CN 112375908B CN 202011158659 A CN202011158659 A CN 202011158659A CN 112375908 B CN112375908 B CN 112375908B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/02—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with reciprocating knives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/02—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with reciprocating knives
- B02C18/04—Details
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/04—Obtaining lead by wet processes
- C22B13/045—Recovery from waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/06—Refining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/18—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of lead
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a lead refining process for lead-acid battery recovery, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of lead-acid battery, 10-13 parts of desulfurizer and 20-30 parts of silicofluoric acid; s2, putting the lead-acid battery into crushing equipment for crushing treatment, and sorting the crushed fragments of the lead-acid battery to obtain lead paste; s3, carrying out desulfurization conversion on lead plaster by adopting a desulfurizing agent, and converting PbSO4 into PbCO 3; carrying out vacuum reduction on the desulfurized lead plaster at the temperature of 600-700 ℃ to obtain desulfurized lead plaster; s4, putting the desulfurized lead paste into a curing chamber for drying, leaching by using silicofluoric acid, and electrolyzing the leached sediment to obtain high-tin lead; s5, refining, namely feeding the high-tin lead into a vacuum furnace for separating lead and tin, controlling the temperature in the vacuum furnace to be 900-1000 ℃, and carrying out circulating refining for many times to obtain the high-purity lead.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lead refining, in particular to a lead refining process for recycling lead-acid batteries.
Background
A lead-acid battery is a storage battery with electrodes mainly made of lead and its oxides and electrolyte solution of sulfuric acid solution. In the discharge state of the lead-acid battery, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; in a charging state, the main components of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are lead sulfate, and the nominal voltage of a single-lattice lead-acid battery is 2.0V, and the battery can be discharged to 1.5V and charged to 2.4V; in application, 6 single-cell lead-acid batteries are often connected in series to form a lead-acid battery with a nominal 12V, 24V, 36V, 48V and the like.
When the existing crushing equipment is used for feeding, the feeding amount cannot be controlled, the feeding chamber is easily blocked, and the lead-acid battery is lack of stirring before feeding, so that the lead-acid battery is agglomerated and does not fall; the existing crushing equipment has the problems of insufficient crushing, poor crushing effect and low efficiency; the existing crushing equipment is lack of a damping mechanism, is not high in stability, is easy to shake when the equipment works, and has serious potential safety hazards to the personal safety of the equipment and operators.
In order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, a technical solution is now provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lead refining process for recycling lead-acid batteries.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:
when the existing crushing equipment is used for feeding, the feeding amount cannot be controlled, the feeding chamber is easily blocked, and the lead-acid battery is lack of stirring before feeding, so that the lead-acid battery is agglomerated and does not fall; the existing crushing equipment has the problems of insufficient crushing, poor crushing effect and low efficiency; the existing crushing equipment is lack of a damping mechanism, is not high in stability, is easy to shake when the equipment works, and has serious potential safety hazards to the personal safety of the equipment and operators.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a lead refining process for recycling lead-acid batteries comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of lead-acid battery, 10-13 parts of desulfurizer and 20-30 parts of silicofluoric acid;
s2, putting the lead-acid battery into crushing equipment for crushing treatment, and sorting the crushed fragments of the lead-acid battery to obtain lead paste; the crushing equipment comprises the following specific operation steps:
firstly, a lead-acid battery is placed into a feeding chamber from a feeding hole and falls onto a carrying plate, a second motor is started to drive a third rotating rod to rotate, the third rotating rod drives a stirring shaft to stir the lead-acid battery so that the lead-acid battery falls into the feeding pipe, meanwhile, the third rotating rod drives two half gears to rotate, the two half gears respectively drive a bevel gear meshed with the two half gears to periodically rotate in a positive and negative direction, so that a threaded rod is driven to periodically rotate in the positive and negative direction, the threaded rod is matched with threads of a threaded sleeve, a first sliding block is driven to periodically reciprocate in a second sliding groove, so that a material baffle is driven to periodically reciprocate in a left and right direction, and further, the lead-acid battery is periodically blanked;
secondly, after the lead-acid battery enters the crushing chamber, starting a first motor to drive a first rotating rod to rotate, wherein the first rotating rod drives a first belt pulley to rotate, the first belt pulley drives a second belt pulley to rotate through a transmission belt, the second belt pulley drives a second rotating rod to rotate, the second rotating rod drives a rotating cam to rotate, the rotating cam pushes a fixed block to drive a first piston to slide in the pressure chamber, the first piston is made to do periodic left-right reciprocating motion under the action of a first expansion spring to drive the second piston to do periodic up-down motion so as to drive a moving block to do periodic up-down motion, and the moving block drives a crushing knife on a moving rod to do periodic up-down reciprocating motion to crush the lead-acid battery;
thirdly, the first rotating rod drives the driving wheel to rotate, the driving wheel drives the driven wheel meshed with the driving wheel to rotate, the driven wheel drives the third sliding rod to slide in the annular inclined chute, and the second telescopic spring and the third telescopic spring are matched to enable the moving rod to shake up and down periodically;
s3, desulfurization reduction, wherein the lead plaster is desulfurized and converted by adopting a desulfurizing agent, and PbSO4 is converted into PbCO 3; carrying out vacuum reduction on the desulfurized lead plaster at the temperature of 600-700 ℃ to obtain desulfurized lead plaster;
s4, putting the desulfurized lead paste into a curing chamber for drying, leaching by using silicofluoric acid, and electrolyzing the leached sediment to obtain high-tin lead;
s5, refining, namely sending high-tin lead into a vacuum furnace for separating lead and tin, and controlling the temperature in the vacuum furnace to be 900-; and circularly refining for many times to obtain the high-purity lead.
Further, the desulfurizer is Na2CO3。
Further, in step S2, the crushing apparatus includes a crushing mechanism, the crushing mechanism includes a crushing chamber, a pressure chamber is disposed inside the crushing chamber, a top end of the pressure chamber is fixed to a top end of the inside of the crushing chamber through a first support rod, the pressure chamber is L-shaped, a first piston is disposed on one side of the inside of the pressure chamber, a first expansion spring is fixed to one side of the first piston, one end of the first expansion spring, which is far away from the first piston, is fixed to a side wall of the inside of the pressure chamber, a second piston is disposed below the first expansion spring, a moving block is disposed below the pressure chamber, the moving block is cylindrical, the cross section of the moving block is i-shaped, a moving rod is fixed to a center of the bottom of the moving block, a crushing knife is fixed to a bottom end of the moving rod, and a driven wheel is sleeved outside the crushing knife;
a feeding mechanism is arranged above the crushing mechanism and comprises a feeding chamber, the outer bottom end of the feeding chamber is communicated with the inner part of the outer top end of the crushing chamber, a second motor is fixed at the inner top end of the feeding chamber, a third rotating rod is fixed at the output end of the second motor, a plurality of stirring shafts which are symmetrically distributed are fixed on the third rotating rod, a carrying plate is arranged below the stirring shafts, the side wall of the carrying plate is fixed with the inner side wall of the feeding chamber, symmetrically distributed feeding pipes penetrate through two sides of the upper surface of the carrying plate, and two symmetrically distributed feeding holes are formed in the top of the feeding chamber;
the below of broken room is equipped with damper, damper includes the surge chamber, the bottom of broken room pass the surge chamber and with surge chamber sliding connection, the outside bottom both sides of broken room are fixed with the fourth slide bar, the inside bottom both sides of surge chamber are fixed with the vibration damping mount of symmetric distribution, the bottom of fourth slide bar pass vibration damping mount and with vibration damping mount sliding connection, the bottom mounting of fourth slide bar has the second slider, the third spout of symmetric distribution is seted up to vibration damping mount's inside both sides wall, second slider and third spout sliding connection, the bottom mounting of second slider has first damping spring, the one end that the second slider was kept away from to first damping spring is fixed mutually with the inside bottom of surge chamber.
Further, first piston and second piston all laminate closely and sliding connection with the inner wall of pressure chamber, outside top one side of broken room is fixed with first motor, the output of first motor is fixed with first dwang, the bottom of first dwang is passed broken room and is rotated with broken room and be connected, be fixed with first belt pulley and action wheel on the first dwang, the inside top of broken room is rotated and is connected with the second dwang, the second dwang is located one side of first dwang, be fixed with second belt pulley and rotation cam on the second dwang, install driving belt between second belt pulley and the first belt pulley, one side that first expanding spring was kept away from to first piston is fixed with the fixed block, the rotation cam contacts with the fixed block.
Furthermore, two second expansion springs which are symmetrically distributed are fixed at the top ends of the second piston and the moving block, a first sliding rod penetrates through the center of the second piston, a first limiting block is fixed at the top end of the first sliding rod, the bottom end of the first sliding rod is fixed with the top end of the moving block, second sliding rods which are symmetrically distributed are fixed at two sides of the top end of the moving block, first sliding chutes which are symmetrically distributed are formed in two sides of the bottom of the pressure chamber, the top end of the second sliding rod penetrates through the first sliding chutes and is in sliding connection with the first sliding chutes, second limiting blocks are fixed at the top ends of the second sliding rods, third expansion springs which are symmetrically distributed are fixed at two sides of the bottom of the second limiting blocks, and one end, far away from the second limiting block, of each third expansion spring is fixed with the bottom end of the inside of the first sliding chute.
Furthermore, an annular sliding groove is formed in the bottom of the moving block, rotating blocks matched with the annular sliding groove are fixed on two sides of the top end of the driven wheel and are connected with the annular sliding groove in a sliding mode, a third sliding rod is fixed on one side wall of the inner portion of the driven wheel, an annular inclined sliding groove matched with the third sliding rod is formed in the outer side of the moving rod, one end of the third sliding rod is connected with the annular inclined sliding groove in a sliding mode, and the driving wheel is meshed with the driven wheel.
Further, the bottom of third dwang passes and carries the thing board and rotate with carrying the thing board and be connected, the bottom mounting of third dwang has two symmetric distribution's semi-gear, the lower fixed surface that carries the thing board has two symmetric distribution's second bracing piece, the threaded rod is run through to the bottom of second bracing piece, the threaded rod rotates with the second bracing piece to be connected, the one end of threaded rod is fixed with bevel gear, bevel gear meshes with the semi-gear mutually, the other end of threaded rod is fixed with the third stopper, the thread bush has been cup jointed in the outside of threaded rod, thread bush and threaded rod threaded connection, the top of thread bush is fixed with the striker plate, the top of striker plate is fixed with first slider, carry the lower surface both sides of thing board and set up the second spout of symmetric distribution, first slider and second spout sliding connection, the upper surface of striker plate contacts with the bottom of inlet pipe.
Further, the outside bottom mounting of crushing room has the third bracing piece of two symmetric distributions, the bottom mounting of third bracing piece has the fifth slide bar, the center department of fifth slide bar has run through the fourth bracing piece, the top of fourth bracing piece is fixed mutually with the outside bottom center department of crushing room, the third slider of two symmetric distributions has been cup jointed in the outside of fifth slide bar, third slider and fifth slide bar sliding connection, the second damping spring of two symmetric distributions has been cup jointed in the outside of fifth slide bar, the both ends of second damping spring are fixed mutually with fourth bracing piece and third slider respectively, be connected with the connecting rod between the bottom of third slider and vibration damping mount's the outside lateral wall, the both ends of connecting rod respectively with the bottom of third slider and vibration damping mount's outside lateral wall hinged joint.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through the arrangement of the feeding mechanism, the lead-acid battery is stirred in the feeding chamber, the condition of no blanking during combination is prevented, and meanwhile, the feeding quantity can be controlled, so that the operation of the equipment is more convenient, and the management and the operation are convenient. Put into the feed chamber and fall on carrying the thing board from the feed inlet with lead acid battery earlier, start the second motor, the rotation of drive third dwang, the third dwang drives the (mixing) shaft and stirs lead acid battery, make it distribute evenly and fall into in the feed tube, the third dwang drives two half gear rotations simultaneously, two half gear respectively with drive bevel gear periodic positive and negative rotations with it meshing, thereby drive the periodic positive and negative rotation of threaded rod, through the screw-thread fit of threaded rod and thread bush, drive first slider and carry out periodic reciprocating motion in the second spout, thereby drive the periodic left and right reciprocating motion that carries on of striker plate, and then realize the periodic unloading to lead acid battery.
Through the setting of crushing mechanism, make broken sword can also carry out the upper and lower shake of high frequency when carrying out the up-and-down motion breakage, make lead acid battery's crushing effect better, improved broken efficiency. After the lead-acid battery enters the crushing chamber, a first motor is started, a first rotating rod is driven to rotate, the first rotating rod drives a first belt pulley to rotate, the first belt pulley drives a second belt pulley to rotate through a transmission belt, the second belt pulley drives a second rotating rod to rotate, the second rotating rod drives a rotating cam to rotate, the rotating cam pushes a fixed block to drive a first piston to slide in the pressure chamber, the first piston is made to do periodic left-right reciprocating motion under the action of a first telescopic spring, the periodic up-down motion of the second piston is controlled and driven by adjusting the pressure intensity in the pressure chamber, the periodic up-down motion of the moving block is driven, the periodic up-down motion of the crushing cutter on the moving rod is driven, and the lead-acid battery is crushed.
The driving wheel is driven to rotate through the first rotating rod, the driving wheel drives the driven wheel which is meshed with the driving wheel to rotate, the driven wheel drives the third sliding rod to slide in the annular inclined sliding groove, and the second telescopic spring and the third telescopic spring are matched to enable the moving rod to shake up and down periodically, so that the crushing effect is improved.
Through the setting of damper, guaranteed the stability of equipment at the during operation, avoided causing the injury to equipment and operating personnel's personal safety. When the equipment is in operation, the force of rocking is transmitted for the fifth slide bar of fourth slide bar respectively from crushing room, and the fourth slide bar drives the second slider and slides in the third spout to extrude first damping spring and make it take place deformation and realize the shock attenuation, and when fifth slide bar atress downstream, the cooperation connecting rod drives the third slider and slides on the fifth slide bar, thereby extrudees second damping spring and makes it take place deformation and further realize the shock attenuation.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the crushing mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the invention at A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the invention at B in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the feed mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the shock absorbing mechanism of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the invention at C in fig. 6.
In the figure, 1, a crushing mechanism; 101. a crushing chamber; 102. a pressure chamber; 103. a first piston; 104. a first extension spring; 105. a second piston; 106. a moving block; 107. a travel bar; 108. a crushing knife; 109. a driven wheel; 110. a first motor; 111. a first rotating lever; 112. a driving wheel; 113. a second rotating lever; 114. rotating the cam; 115. a drive belt; 116. a second extension spring; 117. a first slide bar; 118. a second slide bar; 119. a third extension spring; 120. an annular chute; 121. rotating the block; 122. a third slide bar; 123. an annular inclined chute; 2. a feeding mechanism; 201. a feed chamber; 202. a second motor; 203. a third rotating rod; 204. a stirring shaft; 205. a loading plate; 206. a feed pipe; 207. a half gear; 208. a threaded rod; 209. a bevel gear; 210. a threaded sleeve; 211. a striker plate; 212. a first slider; 3. a damping mechanism; 301. a damping chamber; 302. a fourth slide bar; 303. a damping mount; 304. a second slider; 305. a first damping spring; 306. a fifth slide bar; 307. a third slider; 308. a second damping spring; 309. a connecting rod.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A lead refining process for recycling lead-acid batteries comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of lead-acid battery, 10 parts of desulfurizer and 20 parts of silicofluoric acid;
s2, putting the lead-acid battery into crushing equipment for crushing treatment, and sorting the crushed fragments of the lead-acid battery to obtain lead paste;
s3, desulfurization reduction, wherein the lead plaster is desulfurized and converted by adopting a desulfurizing agent, and PbSO4 is converted into PbCO 3; vacuum reduction is carried out on the desulfurized lead plaster at the temperature of 600 ℃ to obtain desulfurized lead plaster;
s4, putting the desulfurized lead paste into a curing chamber for drying, leaching by using silicofluoric acid, and electrolyzing the leached sediment to obtain high-tin lead;
s5, refining, namely feeding high-tin lead into a vacuum furnace for separating lead and tin, and controlling the temperature in the vacuum furnace to be 900 ℃; and circularly refining for many times to obtain the high-purity lead.
The desulfurizer is Na2CO3。
Example 2
A lead refining process for recycling lead-acid batteries comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of lead-acid battery, 12 parts of desulfurizer and 25 parts of silicofluoric acid;
s2, putting the lead-acid battery into crushing equipment for crushing treatment, and sorting the crushed fragments of the lead-acid battery to obtain lead paste;
s3, desulfurization reduction, wherein the lead plaster is desulfurized and converted by adopting a desulfurizing agent, and PbSO4 is converted into PbCO 3; vacuum reduction is carried out on the desulfurized lead plaster at the temperature of 650 ℃ to obtain desulfurized lead plaster;
s4, putting the desulfurized lead paste into a curing chamber for drying, leaching by using silicofluoric acid, and electrolyzing the leached sediment to obtain high-tin lead;
s5, refining, namely feeding high-tin lead into a vacuum furnace for separating lead and tin, and controlling the temperature in the vacuum furnace to be 950 ℃; and circularly refining for many times to obtain the high-purity lead.
The desulfurizer is Na2CO3。
Example 3
A lead refining process for recycling lead-acid batteries comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of lead-acid battery, 13 parts of desulfurizer and 30 parts of silicofluoric acid;
s2, putting the lead-acid battery into crushing equipment for crushing treatment, and sorting the crushed fragments of the lead-acid battery to obtain lead paste;
s3, desulfurization reduction, wherein the lead plaster is desulfurized and converted by adopting a desulfurizing agent, and PbSO4 is converted into PbCO 3; vacuum reduction is carried out on the desulfurized lead plaster at the temperature of 700 ℃ to obtain desulfurized lead plaster;
s4, putting the desulfurized lead paste into a curing chamber for drying, leaching by using silicofluoric acid, and electrolyzing the leached sediment to obtain high-tin lead;
s5, refining, namely feeding high-tin lead into a vacuum furnace for separating lead and tin, and controlling the temperature in the vacuum furnace to be 1000 ℃; and circularly refining for many times to obtain the high-purity lead.
The desulfurizer is Na2CO3。
Referring to fig. 1-7, the crushing apparatus according to the above embodiment includes a crushing mechanism 1, the crushing mechanism 1 includes a crushing chamber 101, a pressure chamber 102 is disposed inside the crushing chamber 101, a top end of the pressure chamber 102 is fixed to a top end of the inside of the crushing chamber 101 through a first support rod, the pressure chamber 102 is L-shaped, a first piston 103 is disposed on one side of the inside of the pressure chamber 102, a first extension spring 104 is fixed to one side of the first piston 103, one end of the first extension spring 104, which is far away from the first piston 103, is fixed to a side wall of the inside of the pressure chamber 102, a second piston 105 is disposed below the first extension spring 104, a moving block 106 is disposed below the pressure chamber 102, the moving block 106 is cylindrical and has an i-shaped cross section, a moving rod 107 is fixed to a center of a bottom of the moving block 106, a crushing knife 108 is fixed to a bottom end of the moving rod 107, and a driven wheel 109 is sleeved outside the crushing knife 108;
a feeding mechanism 2 is arranged above the crushing mechanism 1, the feeding mechanism 2 comprises a feeding chamber 201, the outer bottom end of the feeding chamber 201 is communicated with the inside of the outer top end of the crushing chamber 101, a second motor 202 is fixed at the inner top end of the feeding chamber 201, a third rotating rod 203 is fixed at the output end of the second motor 202, a plurality of stirring shafts 204 which are symmetrically distributed are fixed on the third rotating rod 203, a carrying plate 205 is arranged below the stirring shafts 204, the side wall of the carrying plate 205 is fixed with the inner side wall of the feeding chamber 201, symmetrically distributed feeding pipes 206 penetrate through two sides of the upper surface of the carrying plate 205, and two symmetrically distributed feeding ports are arranged at the top of the feeding chamber 201;
the below of broken room 101 is equipped with damper 3, damper 3 includes damper 301, damper 101's bottom pass damper 301 and with damper 301 sliding connection, the outside bottom both sides of broken room 101 are fixed with fourth slide bar 302, damper 301's inside bottom both sides are fixed with the vibration damping mount 303 of symmetric distribution, vibration damping mount 303 is passed to the bottom of fourth slide bar 302 and with vibration damping mount 303 sliding connection, the bottom mounting of fourth slide bar 302 has second slider 304, the third spout of symmetric distribution is seted up to vibration damping mount 303's inside both sides wall, second slider 304 and third spout sliding connection, the bottom mounting of second slider 304 has first damping spring 305, the one end that second slider 304 was kept away from to first damping spring 305 is fixed mutually with damper 301's inside bottom.
Two second expansion springs 116 which are symmetrically distributed are fixed at the top ends of the second piston 105 and the moving block 106, a first slide bar 117 penetrates through the center of the second piston 105, a first limiting block is fixed at the top end of the first slide bar 117, the bottom end of the first slide bar 117 is fixed with the top end of the moving block 106, second slide bars 118 which are symmetrically distributed are fixed at two sides of the top end of the moving block 106, symmetrically distributed first sliding grooves are formed at two sides of the bottom of the pressure chamber 102, the top end of the second slide bar 118 penetrates through the first sliding grooves and is in sliding connection with the first sliding grooves, a second limiting block is fixed at the top end of the second slide bar 118, symmetrically distributed third expansion springs 119 are fixed at two sides of the bottom of the second limiting block, and one end, far away from the second limiting block, of the third expansion spring 119 is fixed with the bottom end inside the first sliding grooves.
The bottom of the moving block 106 is provided with an annular sliding groove 120, two sides of the top end of the driven wheel 109 are fixed with rotating blocks 121 matched with the annular sliding groove 120, the rotating blocks 121 are connected with the annular sliding groove 120 in a sliding manner, a third sliding rod 122 is fixed on one side wall inside the driven wheel 109, an annular inclined sliding groove 123 matched with the third sliding rod 122 is formed in the outer side of the moving rod 107, one end of the third sliding rod 122 is connected with the annular inclined sliding groove 123 in a sliding manner, and the driving wheel 112 is meshed with the driven wheel 109.
The bottom of third dwang 203 passes and carries thing board 205 and with carry thing board 205 and rotate and be connected, the bottom mounting of third dwang 203 has two symmetric distribution's semi-gear 207, the lower fixed surface that carries thing board 205 has two symmetric distribution's second bracing piece, threaded rod 208 runs through the bottom of second bracing piece, threaded rod 208 rotates with the second bracing piece and is connected, the one end of threaded rod 208 is fixed with bevel gear 209, bevel gear 209 meshes with semi-gear 207 mutually, the other end of threaded rod 208 is fixed with the third stopper, threaded sleeve 210 has been cup jointed in the outside of threaded rod 208, threaded sleeve 210 and threaded rod 208 threaded connection, the top of threaded sleeve 210 is fixed with striker plate 211, the top of striker plate 211 is fixed with first slider 212, carry the second spout that symmetric distribution has been seted up to thing board 205's lower surface both sides, first slider 212 and second spout sliding connection, the upper surface of striker plate 211 contacts with the bottom of inlet pipe 206.
Two third supporting rods which are symmetrically distributed are fixed at the bottom end of the outer portion of the crushing chamber 101, a fifth sliding rod 306 is fixed at the bottom end of the third supporting rod, a fourth supporting rod penetrates through the center of the fifth sliding rod 306, the top end of the fourth supporting rod is fixed with the center of the bottom end of the outer portion of the crushing chamber 101, two third sliding blocks 307 which are symmetrically distributed are sleeved on the outer side of the fifth sliding rod 306, the third sliding blocks 307 are connected with the fifth sliding rod 306 in a sliding mode, two second damping springs 308 which are symmetrically distributed are sleeved on the outer side of the fifth sliding rod 306, two ends of each second damping spring 308 are respectively fixed with the fourth supporting rod and the third sliding block 307, a connecting rod 309 is connected between the bottom of each third sliding block 307 and the outer side wall of the damping base 303, and two ends of each connecting rod 309 are respectively hinged with the bottom of each third sliding block 307 and the outer side wall of the damping base 303.
The working process and principle of the crushing equipment are as follows:
when the lead-acid battery feeding device is used, a lead-acid battery is firstly placed into the feeding chamber 201 from a feeding hole and falls onto the carrying plate 205, the second motor 202 is started to drive the third rotating rod 203 to rotate, the third rotating rod 203 drives the stirring shaft 204 to stir the lead-acid battery, so that the lead-acid battery is uniformly distributed and falls into the feeding pipe 206, meanwhile, the third rotating rod 203 drives the two half gears 207 to rotate, the two half gears 207 respectively drive the bevel gears 209 meshed with the half gears to periodically rotate forwards and backwards, so that the threaded rod 208 is driven to periodically rotate forwards and backwards, the threaded rod 208 is matched with the thread of the threaded sleeve 210, so that the first sliding block 212 is driven to periodically reciprocate in the second sliding groove, so that the material blocking plate 211 is driven to periodically reciprocate leftwards and rightwards, and periodic blanking of the lead-acid battery is further realized. Through the setting of feed mechanism 2, make lead-acid batteries obtain the stirring in the inside of feed chamber 201, prevent to appear combining the condition emergence of not blanking, simultaneously, can realize controlling the feeding volume, make the operation of equipment more convenient, the management and the operation of being convenient for.
After the lead-acid battery enters the crushing chamber 101, the first motor 110 is started to drive the first rotating rod 111 to rotate, the first rotating rod 111 drives the first belt pulley to rotate, the first belt pulley drives the second belt pulley to rotate through the transmission belt 115, the second belt pulley drives the second rotating rod 113 to rotate, the second rotating rod 113 drives the rotating cam 114 to rotate, the rotating cam 114 pushes the fixed block to drive the first piston 103 to slide in the pressure chamber 102, the first piston 103 is made to do periodic left-right reciprocating motion under the action of the first expansion spring 104, the periodic up-down motion of the second piston 105 is controlled and driven by adjusting the pressure in the pressure chamber 102, so as to drive the moving block 106 to do periodic up-down motion, the moving block 106 drives the crushing knife 108 on the moving rod 107 to do the crushing operation on the lead-acid battery, and the first rotating rod 111 drives the driving wheel 112 to rotate, the driving wheel 112 drives the driven wheel 109 engaged therewith to rotate, and the driven wheel 109 drives the third sliding rod 122 to slide in the annular inclined sliding chute 123, so as to cooperate with the second expansion spring 116 and the third expansion spring 119 to make the moving rod 107 periodically shake up and down, thereby increasing the crushing effect. Through the setting of crushing mechanism 1, make broken sword 108 can also carry out the shake from top to bottom of high frequency when carrying out the up-and-down motion breakage, make lead acid battery's crushing effect better, improved broken efficiency.
When the equipment works, severe shaking is inevitably generated, potential safety hazards exist on the equipment and the personal safety of operators, the shaking force is respectively transmitted to the fifth sliding rod 306 of the fourth sliding rod 302 from the crushing chamber 101, the fourth sliding rod 302 drives the second sliding block 304 to slide in the third sliding groove, the first damping spring 305 is extruded to deform to realize damping, when the fifth sliding rod 306 is stressed to move downwards, the connecting rod 309 is matched to drive the third sliding block 307 to slide on the fifth sliding rod 306, and the second damping spring 308 is extruded to deform to further realize damping. Through the setting of damper 3, guaranteed the stability of equipment at the during operation, avoided causing the injury to equipment and operating personnel's personal safety.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (8)
1. A lead refining process for recycling lead-acid batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of lead-acid battery, 10-13 parts of desulfurizer and 20-30 parts of silicofluoric acid;
s2, putting the lead-acid battery into crushing equipment for crushing treatment, and sorting the crushed fragments of the lead-acid battery to obtain lead paste; the crushing equipment comprises the following specific operation steps:
firstly, lead-acid batteries are placed into a feeding chamber (201) from a feeding hole and fall onto a loading plate (205), a second motor (202) is started to drive a third rotating rod (203) to rotate, the third rotating rod (203) drives a stirring shaft (204) to stir the lead-acid batteries, the lead-acid batteries fall into a feeding pipe (206), meanwhile, the third rotating rod (203) drives two half gears (207) to rotate, the two half gears (207) are respectively in periodic forward and reverse rotation with bevel gears (209) which are meshed with the two half gears, so that a threaded rod (208) is driven to periodically rotate forward and reverse, the threaded rod (208) is matched with threads of a threaded sleeve (210), a first sliding block (212) is driven to periodically reciprocate in a second sliding groove, a material baffle (211) is driven to periodically reciprocate left and right, and further periodic blanking of the lead-acid batteries is realized;
secondly, after the lead-acid battery enters the crushing chamber (101), a first motor (110) is started to drive a first rotating rod (111) to rotate, the first rotating rod (111) drives a first belt pulley to rotate, the first belt pulley drives a second belt pulley to rotate through a transmission belt (115), the second belt pulley drives a second rotating rod (113) to rotate, the second rotating rod (113) drives a rotating cam (114) to rotate, the rotating cam (114) pushes a fixed block to drive a first piston (103) to slide in the pressure chamber (102), the first piston (103) is made to do periodic left-right reciprocating motion under the action of a first expansion spring (104) to drive a second piston (105) to do periodic up-down motion so as to drive a moving block (106) to do periodic up-down reciprocating motion, the moving block (106) drives a crushing knife (108) on a moving rod (107) to do periodic up-down reciprocating motion, carrying out crushing operation on the lead-acid battery;
thirdly, the first rotating rod (111) drives the driving wheel (112) to rotate, the driving wheel (112) drives the driven wheel (109) meshed with the driving wheel to rotate, the driven wheel (109) drives the third sliding rod (122) to slide in the annular inclined sliding chute (123), and the second telescopic spring (116) and the third telescopic spring (119) are matched to enable the moving rod (107) to shake up and down periodically;
s3, desulfurization reduction, wherein the lead plaster is desulfurized and converted by adopting a desulfurizing agent, and PbSO4 is converted into PbCO 3; carrying out vacuum reduction on the desulfurized lead plaster at the temperature of 600-700 ℃ to obtain desulfurized lead plaster;
s4, putting the desulfurized lead paste into a curing chamber for drying, leaching by using silicofluoric acid, and electrolyzing the leached sediment to obtain high-tin lead;
s5, refining, namely feeding the high-tin lead into a vacuum furnace for separating lead and tin, controlling the temperature in the vacuum furnace to be 900-1000 ℃, and carrying out circulating refining for many times to obtain the high-purity lead.
2. The lead refining process for recycling lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that the desulfurizing agent is Na2CO3。
3. The lead refining process for lead acid battery recycling according to claim 1, wherein the crushing device in step S2 includes a crushing mechanism (1), the crushing mechanism (1) includes a crushing chamber (101), a pressure chamber (102) is provided inside the crushing chamber (101), a top end of the pressure chamber (102) is fixed to a top end inside the crushing chamber (101) through a first support rod, the pressure chamber (102) is L-shaped, a first piston (103) is provided on one side inside the pressure chamber (102), a first expansion spring (104) is fixed to one side of the first piston (103), one end of the first expansion spring (104) far away from the first piston (103) is fixed to an inner side wall of the pressure chamber (102), a second piston (105) is provided below the first expansion spring (104), a moving block (106) is provided below the pressure chamber (102), the moving block (106) is cylindrical and has an i-shaped cross section, a moving rod (107) is fixed at the center of the bottom of the moving block (106), a crushing knife (108) is fixed at the bottom end of the moving rod (107), and a driven wheel (109) is sleeved on the outer side of the crushing knife (108);
the feeding mechanism (2) is arranged above the crushing mechanism (1), the feeding mechanism (2) comprises a feeding chamber (201), the outer bottom end of the feeding chamber (201) is communicated with the inner portion of the outer top end of the crushing chamber (101), a second motor (202) is fixed at the inner top end of the feeding chamber (201), a third rotating rod (203) is fixed at the output end of the second motor (202), a plurality of symmetrically-distributed stirring shafts (204) are fixed on the third rotating rod (203), an object carrying plate (205) is arranged below the stirring shafts (204), the side wall of the object carrying plate (205) is fixed with the inner side wall of the feeding chamber (201), symmetrically-distributed feeding pipes (206) penetrate through two sides of the upper surface of the object carrying plate (205), and two symmetrically-distributed feeding ports are arranged at the top of the feeding chamber (201);
the below of broken room (101) is equipped with damper (3), damper (3) are including damping chamber (301), damping chamber (301) and damping chamber (301) sliding connection are passed to the bottom of broken room (101), the outside bottom both sides of broken room (101) are fixed with fourth slide bar (302), the inside bottom both sides of damping chamber (301) are fixed with symmetric distribution's vibration damping mount (303), vibration damping mount (303) and with vibration damping mount (303) sliding connection are passed to the bottom of fourth slide bar (302), the bottom mounting of fourth slide bar (302) has second slider (304), symmetric distribution's third spout has been seted up to the inside both sides wall of vibration damping mount (303), second slider (304) and third spout sliding connection, the bottom mounting of second slider (304) has first damping spring (305), the one end that second slider (304) were kept away from to first damping spring (305) is fixed with the inside bottom of damping chamber (301).
4. A lead refining process for lead acid battery recovery according to claim 3, wherein the first piston (103) and the second piston (105) are both closely attached to the inner wall of the pressure chamber (102) and slidably connected, a first motor (110) is fixed on one side of the top end of the outside of the crushing chamber (101), a first rotating rod (111) is fixed on the output end of the first motor (110), the bottom end of the first rotating rod (111) passes through the crushing chamber (101) and is rotatably connected with the crushing chamber (101), a first belt pulley and a driving wheel (112) are fixed on the first rotating rod (111), a second rotating rod (113) is rotatably connected with the top end of the inside of the crushing chamber (101), the second rotating rod (113) is located on one side of the first rotating rod (111), a second belt pulley and a rotating cam (114) are fixed on the second rotating rod (113), and a transmission belt (115) is installed between the second belt pulley and the first belt pulley, a fixed block is fixed on one side of the first piston (103) far away from the first telescopic spring (104), and the rotating cam (114) is in contact with the fixed block.
5. The lead refining process for recycling lead-acid batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that two symmetrically distributed second expansion springs (116) are fixed on the top ends of the second piston (105) and the moving block (106), a first slide bar (117) penetrates through the center of the second piston (105), a first limiting block is fixed on the top end of the first slide bar (117), the bottom end of the first slide bar (117) is fixed on the top end of the moving block (106), symmetrically distributed second slide bars (118) are fixed on both sides of the top end of the moving block (106), symmetrically distributed first sliding chutes are formed on both sides of the bottom of the pressure chamber (102), the top end of the second slide bar (118) penetrates through the first sliding chute and is slidably connected with the first sliding chute, a second limiting block is fixed on the top end of the second slide bar (118), and symmetrically distributed third expansion springs (119) are fixed on both sides of the bottom of the second limiting block, one end of the third telescopic spring (119) far away from the second limiting block is fixed with the bottom end of the inner part of the first sliding groove.
6. The lead refining process for recycling the lead-acid battery as claimed in claim 3, wherein the bottom of the moving block (106) is provided with an annular chute (120), two sides of the top end of the driven wheel (109) are fixed with rotating blocks (121) matched with the annular chute (120), the rotating blocks (121) are slidably connected with the annular chute (120), a third sliding rod (122) is fixed on one side wall of the interior of the driven wheel (109), the outer side of the moving rod (107) is provided with an annular inclined chute (123) matched with the third sliding rod (122), one end of the third sliding rod (122) is slidably connected with the annular inclined chute (123), and the driving wheel (112) is meshed with the driven wheel (109).
7. The lead refining process for recycling lead-acid batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that the bottom end of the third rotating rod (203) passes through the object carrying plate (205) and is rotatably connected with the object carrying plate (205), the bottom end of the third rotating rod (203) is fixed with two symmetrically distributed half gears (207), the lower surface of the object carrying plate (205) is fixed with two symmetrically distributed second supporting rods, the bottom end of the second supporting rod penetrates through a threaded rod (208), the threaded rod (208) is rotatably connected with the second supporting rod, one end of the threaded rod (208) is fixed with a bevel gear (209), the bevel gear (209) is engaged with the half gear (207), the other end of the threaded rod (208) is fixed with a third limiting block, the outer side of the threaded rod (208) is sleeved with a threaded sleeve (210), the threaded sleeve (210) is in threaded connection with the threaded rod (208), the top of the threaded sleeve (210) is fixed with a material blocking plate (211), the top of striker plate (211) is fixed with first slider (212), carries the second spout that the lower surface both sides of thing board (205) set up the symmetric distribution, and first slider (212) and second spout sliding connection, the upper surface of striker plate (211) contacts with the bottom of inlet pipe (206).
8. The lead refining process for lead acid battery recycling according to claim 3, characterized in that two third support rods distributed symmetrically are fixed at the bottom end of the outer portion of the crushing chamber (101), a fifth slide bar (306) is fixed at the bottom end of the third support rod, a fourth support rod penetrates through the center of the fifth slide bar (306), the top end of the fourth support rod is fixed at the center of the bottom end of the outer portion of the crushing chamber (101), two third slide blocks (307) distributed symmetrically are sleeved on the outer side of the fifth slide bar (306), the third slide block (307) is connected with the fifth slide bar (306) in a sliding manner, two second damping springs (308) distributed symmetrically are sleeved on the outer side of the fifth slide bar (306), two ends of the second damping spring (308) are respectively fixed with the fourth support rod and the third slide block (307), a connecting rod (309) is connected between the bottom of the third slide block (307) and the outer side wall of the damping base (303), two ends of the connecting rod (309) are respectively hinged with the bottom of the third sliding block (307) and the outer side wall of the damping base (303).
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