CN112375202A - 用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及热塑性聚氨酯弹性体领域，具体涉及一种用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法。所述用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，由如下质量百分数组分制成：聚酯多元醇49‑70％，二异氰酸酯19‑39％，扩链剂3.5‑11％，三乙醇胺0.1‑0.25％，抗氧化剂0.1‑0.5％，光稳定剂0.1‑0.5％，润滑剂0.5‑1％，抗水解剂0.1‑0.5％，催化剂0.01‑0.05％。本发明的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体TPU，其同时具有高透光率、低雾度、不黄变的特性，还具有较高的耐水解性；本发明还提供其制备方法，采用挤出或注塑的加工方式，满足不同环境场所的使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及热塑性聚氨酯弹性体领域，具体涉及一种用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法。
背景技术
热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)导光条为通体导光材料，本身不发光，需要配合光源使用，源颜色决定导光颜色。优质的导光条导光均匀，色彩柔美纯净，颜色梦幻多变。导光条的使用安全，防水，不导电、不发热，只传导可见光，不传红外线和紫外线。导光条的应用领域广泛，比如勾勒建筑物和水池游泳池轮廓，走廊、楼梯、地下隧道的道路指引，汽车、影院、别墅、展厅、商场、酒店、广场景观、溶洞等场所氛围照明，各类导光玩具、创意电子产品、创意艺术灯具等。
从导光条的应用领域可以看出，其使用场所多样，工作环境或日晒雨淋，或阴冷潮湿。这些复杂的使用环境极大的加速了导光条制品的老化降解，这就要求该产品除了要具有较高的透光率、较低的雾度以外，还需具有较高的抗UV、抗水解性能。现有技术中，同时具备高透光性性能，又同时兼顾抗水解性的研究比较缺乏。专利201710408099.2公开了一种低折射率高透明热塑性聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法，采用了聚醚多元醇、二异氰酸酯、扩链剂、催化剂等主要原料，制得透光性高，机械性能好的TPU，但是其制备方法复杂，需要经过干燥，脱泡预先制得聚氨酯预聚体，通过实施例看出，最终产品的拉伸强度只有33MPa，并且没有提到其水解性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其同时具有高透光率、低雾度、不黄变的特性，还具有较高的耐水解性；本发明还提供其制备方法，采用挤出或注塑的加工方式，满足不同环境场所的使用。
本发明所述的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，由如下质量百分数组分制成：
聚酯多元醇为聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇中的一种或多种，聚酯多元醇分子量为500-2000。
二异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、4,4-二异氰酸酯二环己基甲烷、1,4-环己烷-二异氰酸酯、癸烷-1,10-二异氰酸酯。二异氰酸酯组分的添加量优选为25-38％。
扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,6-己二醇中的一种或多种。
抗氧化剂为1010、626、1076、1135、3050、4500中的一种或多种。
光稳定剂为Tinuvin 770、UV-1、205、R-455、410中的一种或多种。
润滑剂为克莱恩E蜡、OP蜡、硬脂酸甘油酯、芥酸酰胺、油酸酰胺中的一种或多种。
抗水解剂为Stabaxol P200、HL725、SA-1、P500中的一种或多种。
催化剂为辛酸亚锡、新癸酸铋、二月桂酸二丁基锡中的一种或多种。
本发明所述的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体制备方法，由聚酯型二醇、二异氰酸酯和扩链剂经一步法制成，具体制备步骤为：
将聚酯多元醇、三乙醇胺、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂、润滑剂、抗水解剂和催化剂混合加热至100-115℃；将二异氰酸酯加热至65-75℃；将扩链剂加热至60-70℃；将加热后的各原料组分通过计量混合注入双螺杆反应机，混合物料在双螺杆反应机内反应塑化，经水下切粒，得到用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
本发明通过在原料中加入三乙醇胺参与TPU合成反应，作为一种弱碱性物质，同时具有三个羟基可与异氰酸酯发生反应，形成交联结构，主要作用有：捕捉有机羧酸，抑制水解的进程；形成微交联结构，降低TPU结晶程度，提高制品透明度。
与现有技术相比，本发明有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明制备的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体具有良好的光学性能，耐黄等级达5级，透光率达91.3％以上，雾度在1.4％以下；
(2)本发明制备的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体抗水解性能提高，拉伸强度保持率达84％以上，甚至高达92％，高效延长导光条在高湿热条件下的使用寿命；
(3)本发明将聚酯型二醇、二异氰酸酯、扩链剂、三乙醇胺以及助剂类采用一步完成法，制备工艺简单，易于市场推广应用。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例说明本发明，但不限定本发明。
实施例1
一种用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，由以下重量百分数的原料制成：
其中聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇分子量为2000。
其制备步骤为：
将聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇、三乙醇胺、抗氧化剂1010、抗氧化剂626、光稳定剂770、光稳定剂UV-1、E蜡、抗水解剂Stabaxol P200和辛酸亚锡混合加热至100℃，充分混合均匀；将六亚甲基二异氰酸酯HDI加热至70℃；将1,6-己二醇加热至60℃；将加热后的各原料组分通过计量混合注入双螺杆反应机，混合物料在双螺杆反应机内反应塑化，经水下切粒，得到用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例2
一种用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，由以下重量百分数的原料制成：
其中聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇分子量为1000。
其制备步骤为：
将聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇、三乙醇胺、抗氧化剂1010、抗氧化剂626、光稳定剂770、光稳定剂UV-1、E蜡、抗水解剂Stabaxol P200和辛酸亚锡混合加热至100℃，充分混合均匀；将六亚甲基二异氰酸酯HDI加热至70℃；将1,6-己二醇加热至60℃；将加热后的各原料组分通过计量混合注入双螺杆反应机，混合物料在双螺杆反应机内反应塑化，经水下切粒，得到用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例3
一种用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，由以下重量百分数的原料制成：
其中聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇分子量为500。
其制备步骤为：
将聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇、三乙醇胺、抗氧化剂1010、抗氧化剂626、光稳定剂770、光稳定剂UV-1、P蜡、抗水解剂Stabaxol P200和辛酸亚锡混合加热至100℃，充分混合均匀；将异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)加热至70℃；将1,4-丁二醇加热至60℃；将加热后的各原料组分通过计量混合注入双螺杆反应机，混合物料在双螺杆反应机内反应塑化，经水下切粒，得到用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例4
一种用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，由以下重量百分数的原料制成：
其中聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇分子量为1000。
其制备步骤为：
将聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇、三乙醇胺、抗氧化剂1010、抗氧化剂626、光稳定剂770、光稳定剂UV-1、OP蜡、抗水解剂Stabaxol P200和辛酸亚锡混合加热至100℃，充分混合均匀；将异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)加热至70℃；将1,4-丁二醇加热至60℃；将加热后的各原料组分通过计量混合注入双螺杆反应机，混合物料在双螺杆反应机内反应塑化，经水下切粒，得到用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
对比例1
一种用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，由以下重量百分数的原料制成：
其中聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇分子量为2000。
其制备步骤为：
将聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇、抗氧化剂1010、抗氧化剂626、光稳定剂770、光稳定剂UV-1、E蜡、抗水解剂Stabaxol P200和辛酸亚锡混合加热至100℃，充分混合均匀；将4，4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-100)加热至70℃；将1，4-丁二醇加热至60℃；将加热后的各原料组分通过计量混合注入双螺杆反应机，混合物料在双螺杆反应机内反应塑化，经水下切粒，得到用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
对比例2
一种用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，由以下重量百分数的原料制成：
其中聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇分子量为2000。
其制备步骤为：
将聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇、抗氧化剂1010、抗氧化剂626、光稳定剂770、光稳定剂UV-1、E蜡和辛酸亚锡混合加热至100℃，充分混合均匀；将4，4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-100)加热至70℃；将1，4-丁二醇加热至60℃；将加热后的各原料组分通过计量混合注入双螺杆反应机，混合物料在双螺杆反应机内反应塑化，经水下切粒，得到用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
将实施例1-4和对比例1-2制得用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体进行性能测试，解实验是在温度为85℃，湿度为85％RH的条件下，水解28天测得的结果。检测结果如表1所示：
表1实施例1-4与对比例1-2用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体测试结果
由表1中可以看出，实施例1-4均按照配方中的组分和质量百分数，制得的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体产品，均具有较高的透光率，较低的雾度值，优良的耐黄变性能，并且获得了较高的拉伸强度，水解后，拉伸强度保持率依旧在84％以上，说明制得的产品具有较高的耐水解性；而对比例1仅添加水解剂，其抗水解性能、拉伸保持率明显较低，对比例2中未添加三乙醇胺和抗水解剂，其性能明显较低，说明了抗水解剂与三乙醇胺在配方中的协同作用。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：由如下质量百分比的组分制成：
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：聚酯多元醇为聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇中的一种或多种，聚酯多元醇分子量为500-2000。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：二异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、4,4-二异氰酸酯二环己基甲烷、1,4-环己烷-二异氰酸酯、癸烷-1,10-二异氰酸酯中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,6-己二醇中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：抗氧化剂为1010、626、1076、1135、3050、4500中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：光稳定剂为Tinuvin 770、UV-1、205、R-455、410中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：润滑剂为克莱恩E蜡、OP蜡、硬脂酸甘油酯、芥酸酰胺、油酸酰胺中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：抗水解剂为Stabaxol P200、HL725、SA-1、P500中的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，其特征在于：催化剂为辛酸亚锡、新癸酸铋、二月桂酸二丁基锡中的一种或多种。
10.一种权利要求1-9任一项所述的用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤如下：
将聚酯多元醇、三乙醇胺、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂、润滑剂、抗水解剂和催化剂混合加热至100-115℃；将二异氰酸酯加热至65-75℃；将扩链剂加热至60-70℃；将加热后的各原料组分通过计量混合注入双螺杆反应机，混合物料在双螺杆反应机内反应塑化，经水下切粒，得到用于导光条的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
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