CN112374497A - Preparation method of porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material based on alkali activation and application of porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material in aspect of solar seawater desalination - Google Patents
Preparation method of porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material based on alkali activation and application of porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material in aspect of solar seawater desalination Download PDFInfo
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- CN112374497A CN112374497A CN202011377725.4A CN202011377725A CN112374497A CN 112374497 A CN112374497 A CN 112374497A CN 202011377725 A CN202011377725 A CN 202011377725A CN 112374497 A CN112374497 A CN 112374497A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
- C01B32/348—Metallic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a porous carbonized wood chip stacking bed material based on alkali activation and application thereof in the aspect of solar seawater desalination, wherein wood chips are collected, screened, weighed in a certain mass, and placed in a mold for cold press molding to obtain a porous wood chip stacking bed; and then placing the porous wood chip stacking bed into a quartz tube furnace for vacuum sintering, placing the sintered wood chip stacking bed into a potassium hydroxide ethanol solution for soaking for 5-15 min, washing, drying, and then placing into the tube furnace for vacuum carbonization to obtain the wood chip. The method utilizes the sawdust waste generated by processing wood, prepares the photothermal conversion material based on the sawdust, has the advantages of low cost, simple manufacturing process, large-scale production and the like, and after alkali activation treatment, the porous sawdust accumulation bed has extremely strong hydrophilic capacity, can quickly convey water to an evaporation surface, and ensures efficient solar seawater desalination.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solar photo-thermal conversion and seawater desalination, in particular to a preparation method of an alkali activation based porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material and application thereof in the aspect of solar seawater desalination.
Background
The shortage of fresh water is considered one of the most serious global challenges of the modern times. Various measures have been taken to meet the increasing demand for water resources, of which desalination of sea water is an important measure to alleviate the shortage of fresh water resources. The solar energy is utilized to desalt the seawater to realize the comprehensive utilization of seawater resources, thereby having important economic and social benefits, having wide market prospect and having great significance for the sustainable development of human society.
Conventional solar desalination methods typically use volumetric absorbers (e.g., nanoparticles) to directly heat large amounts of water, resulting in large energy losses. To increase the efficiency of solar-steam energy sources, efforts have been made to increase sunlight absorption and heat localization. In order to enhance the absorption of sunlight, many photothermal materials are developed as solar absorbers, such as nano-metallic materials, graphene, and the like. However, these materials are expensive, require complex manufacturing processes, and require relatively high costs for large-scale applications. Therefore, the development of low-cost materials is of great significance to the practical application of solar seawater desalination.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an alkali activation based porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material, which has low production cost and simple steps.
The invention also aims to provide application of the porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material prepared by the method in solar seawater desalination.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of an alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting sawdust generated by processing wood, and screening to obtain sawdust with a particle size of 50-200 mu m;
(2) weighing a proper amount of sawdust, putting the sawdust into a mold, and pressing the sawdust by a cold pressing method to form;
(3) placing the wood chip stacking bed obtained in the step (2) into a tube furnace, and sintering for 15-40 min under the conditions of a vacuum environment and a temperature of 100-250 ℃ to obtain a bonded wood chip stacking bed;
(4) placing the bonded wood chip stacking bed obtained in the step (3) in a potassium hydroxide ethanol solution for soaking for 5-15 min, filtering and washing until filtrate is neutral, and drying;
(5) and (3) putting the sample obtained in the step (4) into a tube furnace at the temperature of 400-800 ℃ for vacuum carbonization for 40-60 min to obtain a black sawdust accumulation bed, namely the alkali-activated porous carbonized sawdust accumulation bed.
Preferably, the pressure in the step (2) is 40MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 60-200 s.
Preferably, the temperature rise speed of the tubular furnace in the step (3) is 5-10 ℃/min.
Preferably, the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution in the step (4) is 0.01-0.1 g/mL.
Preferably, the washing step in step (4) is: washing with ethanol and deionized water for several times.
Preferably, the temperature rise speed of the tubular furnace in the step (5) is 5-12 ℃/min.
The invention provides application of the porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material prepared by the method in the aspect of solar seawater desalination.
On one hand, the porous carbonized wood chip stacking bed material prepared by the method has stronger hydrophilicity, and can realize effective transportation of water and efficient escape of water vapor; on the other hand, the porous carbonized wood chip stacking bed material prepared by the method has high-efficiency solar energy absorption capacity, the light absorption rate is more than 92% in the range of 250-2500nm, and the photo-thermal water evaporation rate is 1.69kgm-2h-1(ii) a Therefore, the material can be used in the field of solar seawater desalination.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the porous carbonized wood chip stacking bed is prepared by KOH treatment of wood chip tablets, so that the porous carbonized wood chip stacking bed has the advantages of waste utilization, production cost reduction, large-scale production and the like, compared with natural carbonized wood blocks, the alkali activated porous carbonized wood chip stacking bed has stronger hydrophilicity, and the effective transportation of water and the efficient escape of water vapor in seawater desalination are realized.
2. The alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip accumulation bed prepared by the method has high-efficiency solar energy absorption capacity, the light absorption rate is more than 92% in the range of 250-2500nm, and the photo-thermal water evaporation rate reaches 1.69kgm-2h-1。
3. The alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip stacking bed prepared by the invention can be used for sewage purification and seawater desalination.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of samples prepared in comparative example and examples 1-2 of the present invention: (a) comparative example; (b) example 1; (c) example 2;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the light absorbance of the sample prepared in example 1 of the present invention in the spectral range of 250-2500 nm;
FIG. 3 is a graph of mass change versus time for samples prepared in comparative examples and examples 1-2 of the present invention: (a) comparative example; (b) example 1; (c) example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Comparative example
A preparation method of an alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting sawdust generated by processing wood, and screening to obtain sawdust with a particle size of about 100 mu m;
(2) weighing about 4g of sawdust, and putting the sawdust into a cold pressing method die; pressing sawdust under 40MPa for 120 s;
(3) placing the wood chip stacking bed obtained in the step (2) into a tube furnace, sintering for 30min under the conditions of a vacuum environment and the temperature of 200 ℃, wherein the temperature rise speed of the tube furnace is 10 ℃/min, and obtaining a bonded wood chip stacking bed;
(4) placing the bonded wood chip stacking bed obtained in the step (3) in a pure ethanol solution for soaking for 10 minutes, filtering, and then placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying;
(5) and (4) carrying out vacuum carbonization on the sample obtained in the step (4) in a tubular furnace at the temperature of 500 ℃, wherein the temperature rise rate in the tubular furnace is 10 ℃/min, and the carbonization time is 50min, so as to obtain a black sawdust accumulation bed, namely the porous carbonized sawdust accumulation bed.
Example 1
A preparation method of an alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting sawdust generated by processing wood, and screening to obtain sawdust with a particle size of about 100 mu m;
(2) weighing about 4g of sawdust, and putting the sawdust into a cold pressing method die; pressing sawdust under 40MPa for 150 s;
(3) placing the wood chip stacking bed obtained in the step (2) into a tube furnace, sintering for 25min under the conditions of a vacuum environment and the temperature of 180 ℃, wherein the temperature rise speed of the tube furnace is 8 ℃/min, and obtaining a bonded wood chip stacking bed;
(4) placing the bonded wood chip stacking bed obtained in the step (3) in a 0.04g/mL KOH ethanol solution for soaking for 12 minutes, filtering, then respectively washing redundant KOH with ethanol and deionized water, and placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying;
(5) and (4) carrying out vacuum carbonization on the sample obtained in the step (4) in a tubular furnace at the temperature of 500 ℃, wherein the temperature rise rate in the tubular furnace is 12 ℃/min, and the carbonization time is 60min, so as to obtain a black wood chip stacking bed, namely the alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip stacking bed.
Example 2
A preparation method of an alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting sawdust generated by processing wood, and screening to obtain sawdust with a particle size of about 100 mu m;
(2) weighing about 4g of sawdust, and putting the sawdust into a cold pressing method die; pressing sawdust under 40MPa for 100 s;
(3) placing the wood chip stacking bed obtained in the step (2) into a tubular furnace, sintering for 15min under the conditions of a vacuum environment and a temperature of 250 ℃, wherein the temperature rise speed of the tubular furnace is 5 ℃/min, and obtaining a bonded wood chip stacking bed;
(4) placing the bonded wood chip stacking bed obtained in the step (3) in a 0.1g/ml KOH ethanol solution for soaking for 6 minutes, filtering, then respectively washing redundant KOH with ethanol and deionized water, and placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying;
(5) and (4) carrying out vacuum carbonization on the sample obtained in the step (4) in a tubular furnace at the temperature of 400 ℃, wherein the temperature rise rate in the tubular furnace is 10 ℃/min, and the carbonization time is 60min, so as to obtain a black wood chip stacking bed, namely the alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip stacking bed.
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of samples prepared in comparative example and examples 1-2 of the present invention: (a) comparative example; (b) example 1; (c) example 2. As can be seen from fig. 1, the wood fiber of the porous carbonized wood chip packed bed subjected to the alkali activation treatment becomes fluffy as the lignin inside thereof is treated, resulting in an increase in hydrophilicity, as compared with the comparative example.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the light absorption rate of the sample prepared in example 1 in the spectral range of 250-2500nm, and it can be seen from FIG. 2 that the absorption rate of the sample prepared in example 1 to light in the spectral range of 250-2500nm reaches more than 92%, and the high absorption rate can efficiently absorb solar energy for seawater desalination.
FIG. 3 is a graph of mass change versus time measured by evaporation experiments for samples prepared in comparative example and examples 1-2 of the present invention: (a) comparative example; (b) example 1; (c) example 2. In the evaporation experiment, a solar simulator is used for simulating the radiation of the sun, and data are obtained by real-time measurement of an electronic balance. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the mass of water evaporated per unit time for the packed bed of carbonized wood chips without alkali activation treatment is relatively small (1.46 kgm)-2h-1) Meaning that its evaporation rate is relatively low. The carbonized wood chip stacking bed subjected to alkali activation treatment has larger water evaporation quality in unit time (1.58 kgm in example 1)-2h-1Example 2 was 1.69kgm-2h-1) The evaporation rate is high, the efficiency is high, and the device can be used for seawater desalination.
The obtained alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip stacking bed is applied to a seawater desalination device, the simple seawater desalination device comprises a heat insulation layer, a water absorption core and an alkali-activated carbonized wood chip stacking bed material, the heat insulation layer is made of a foam material capable of floating on the water surface, the heat insulation layer floats on the water surface, the alkali-activated carbonized wood chip stacking bed is placed on the heat insulation layer, one end of the water absorption core extends into water, the other end of the water absorption core penetrates through the heat insulation layer to be connected with the lower surface of the alkali-activated carbonized wood chip stacking bed, and the water absorption core conveys the seawater at the bottom to the top through.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material based on alkali activation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting sawdust generated by processing wood, and screening to obtain sawdust with a particle size of 50-200 mu m;
(2) weighing a proper amount of sawdust, putting the sawdust into a mold, and pressing the sawdust by a cold pressing method to form;
(3) placing the wood chip stacking bed obtained in the step (2) into a tube furnace, and sintering for 15-40 min under the conditions of a vacuum environment and a temperature of 100-250 ℃ to obtain a bonded wood chip stacking bed;
(4) placing the bonded wood chip stacking bed obtained in the step (3) in a potassium hydroxide ethanol solution for soaking for 5-15 min, filtering and washing until filtrate is neutral, and drying;
(5) and (3) putting the sample obtained in the step (4) into a tube furnace at the temperature of 400-800 ℃ for vacuum carbonization for 40-60 min to obtain a black sawdust accumulation bed, namely the alkali-activated porous carbonized sawdust accumulation bed.
2. The method for preparing the alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the step (2) is 40MPa, and the pressure holding time is 60-200 s.
3. The preparation method of the alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature rise speed of the tube furnace in the step (3) is 5-10 ℃/min.
4. The method for preparing the alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution in the step (4) is 0.01-0.1 g/mL.
5. The method for preparing the alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material according to claim 1, wherein the washing step in the step (4) is: washing with ethanol and deionized water for several times.
6. The preparation method of the alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying in step (4) is vacuum drying at 50-100 ℃ for 2-24 h.
7. The preparation method of the alkali-activated porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature rise speed of the tube furnace in the step (5) is 5-12 ℃/min.
8. Use of a porous carbonized wood chip packed bed material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7 for solar desalination of sea water.
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