CN106966392A - A kind of method that utilization municipal sludge prepares nitrogen sulphur codope porous carbon material - Google Patents

A kind of method that utilization municipal sludge prepares nitrogen sulphur codope porous carbon material Download PDF

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CN106966392A
CN106966392A CN201710184081.9A CN201710184081A CN106966392A CN 106966392 A CN106966392 A CN 106966392A CN 201710184081 A CN201710184081 A CN 201710184081A CN 106966392 A CN106966392 A CN 106966392A
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sludge
nitrogen
hydro
porous carbon
thermal
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刘振刚
刘婷婷
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Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences of CAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12Surface area
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/14Pore volume
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/16Pore diameter
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/16Pore diameter
    • C01P2006/17Pore diameter distribution

Abstract

The present invention for China's municipal sludge amount of storage it is huge, it is seriously polluted the characteristics of establish and a kind of combination chemical activation is carbonized by hydro-thermal by raw material of sludge prepare the novel preparation method of nitrogen, sulphur codope porous carbon material.This method produces sludge as raw material using municipal sewage plant, the dewatering that preconditioning technique improves sludge is carbonized by hydro-thermal, improve and the heteroatomic contents such as carbon content, the content of heavy metal and nitrogen sulphur are fixed in sludge, and combine the synchronous step heat treatment of chemical activation and be prepared for activated carbon with rich mesoporous, nitrogen, the high-graphitized porous carbon material of sulphur codope.The material has abundant pore structure, larger mesopore volume and average pore size, has outstanding removal effect to the larger molecular organicses pollutant in water body.The invention proposes the nitrogen that one simple to operate, energy consumption is low, the preparation method of sulphur auto-dope porous carbon material, and the high-efficiency resource recycling of sludge can be achieved.

Description

A kind of method that utilization municipal sludge prepares nitrogen sulphur codope porous carbon material
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that nitrogen, sulfur doping porous carbon material are prepared by raw material of municipal sludge, belong to environment Protection and the solid waste high level recycling new technology in comprehensive utilization of resources field.
Technical background
Porous carbon material acts on conventional sewage handling process because of its adjustable pore structure and the removal good to pollutant Handle and be widely used as secondary deep afterwards.Porous charcoal can include bamboo, walnut shell, coconut palm with the extensive cheap biomass in source The activation such as sub- shell, stalk is made.But limited by feedstock property and preparation method, porous charcoal pore structure is single based on micropore, because This is unfavorable for pollutant diffusion inside, the rate of adsorption slowly, especially limited to macromolecular organic dyestuff removal effect.Hetero atom is mixed Miscellaneous Carbon Materials are the novel charcoal material that the hetero atoms such as nitrogen, sulphur are embedded in Carbon Materials skeleton, the electric property for having uniqueness because of it and change Structure is learned, electrode, ultracapacitor etc. are used as extensively.The porous carbon material that nitrogen, sulfur heteroatom adulterate simultaneously is special in water body The aspect that is chosen to remove for determining pollutant also shows extraordinary application prospect.
Quickly propel with Urbanization Construction, sewage treatment facility constantly improve, the increase of municipal sludge sustained production.Due to Municipal sludge complicated component, is enriched organic pollutant in sewage, heavy metal, a variety of parasitic ovums, pathogenic microorganism, radiation Property the difficult degradation such as nucleic poisonous and harmful substance, conventional process mode can not realize quick sludge, safety, harmless processing.According to This characteristic of content of organic matter height in sludge, is prepared into porous carbon material and for pollutant removal in polluted-water, is Sludge conventional process mode is to environment-friendly, sustainable utilization model great shift in recent years.But, sludge moisture content is usual Exist higher than 80% and in stable intracellular water form and be difficult to be removed, therefore, the drying process prepared before sludge Carbon Materials is big Improve the cost that sludge prepares porous carbon material greatly.In addition, customary preparation methods also exist sludge Carbon Materials pore structure it is single, The shortcoming undesirable to macromolecular organic pollutant removal effect.
Hydro-thermal charing is a kind of hot chemical treatment side for biomass under the conditions of 150-350 DEG C and self-generated pressure Method, is especially suitable for the processing of high-moisture biomass.This method has gentle reaction condition, easy operation, low power consumption and other advantages; Hydro-thermal is carbonized without drying process, meanwhile, efficient hydrolysis can significantly improve the oxygen-containing functional group and mesopore knot of biological surface Structure.
The present invention proposes by the use of hydro-thermal charring process and is used as the preprocessing means for preparing sludge base Carbon Materials, one side gram Clothes dehydration is difficult, the shortcoming that cost is high, and improves Sludge Surface oxygen-containing functional group and middle hole number;Secondly improved using the technology Nitrogen, the removal efficiency of sulfur heteroatom in the stability of nitrogen, sulphur in sludge, reduction activation process;Finally utilize under inertia hot conditions The catalized conversion agraphitic carbon structure of enriched in metals is graphite-structure in sludge, prepares nitrogen, sulphur using sludge as raw material and mixes Miscellaneous, high-graphitized porous carbon material.The inventive method efficient energy-saving, not only solves the problem of Treatment of Sludge is difficult, and in fact Sustainability, the recycling of sludge are showed.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that a kind of hydro-thermal charing knot of high energy consumption issues offer during Carbon Materials is prepared for sludge Close the low preparation method of energy consumption of chemical activation method.Carbon Materials prepared by the inventive method have abundant pore structure, especially in Hole pore volume is big, average pore size is wide, and with nitrogen, the carbonization structure of sulfur doping, can quickly remove the organic dirt of macromolecular in water body Contaminate thing.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of utilization sludge prepares nitrogen, the method for sulphur auto-dope porous carbon material, comprises the following steps:
(1) dewatered sludge is placed in progress hydro-thermal charing process in hydrothermal reaction kettle;
(2) crushed after the drying sludge after hydro-thermal charing being obtained in step (1);
(3) particulate matter in step (2) is mixed with activator;
(4) mixture is activated in tubular type retort;
(5) after solid matter is crushed after the activation that will be obtained in step (4) and successively with acid and distillation water washing.
Alternatively, in step (1), sludge hydro-thermal carbonization temperature is preferably in 160-240 DEG C, the preferred 0.5- of carbonization time 3h.Low carbonization temperature and short carbonization time cause sludge carbonization insufficient, and too high carbonization temperature and long charing Time can increase the energy consumption of processing, increase cost.
Alternatively, in step (2), hydro-thermal charing drying sludge preferred range is 60-120 DEG C, and particle is crushed to 70-120 mesh.
Alternatively, in step (3), activator is zinc chloride or potassium hydroxide:When selecting zinc chloride for activator, use Wet-mixing, i.e. configuration concentration are 0.5-2mol/L liquor zinci chloridis, and solid-to-liquid ratio (m/v) 1 is pressed with sludge after hydro-thermal:(2-5) is mixed Dries pulverizing after conjunction;When using potassium hydroxide for activator, using dry mixed, hydro-thermal sludge presses quality with potassium hydroxide powder Than 1:(0.5-2) is uniformly mixed.
Alternatively, in step (4), pyrolysis activation condition is under nitrogen protection, to be heated up from room temperature with 5-15 DEG C/min Speed is warming up to preferential 500-800 DEG C of temperature, the preferred 1-3h of soak time.Low activation temperature and short soak time are because of activation Insufficient and make Carbon Materials pore structure undeveloped, the catalytic action of heavy metal is not obvious under low temperature in addition;And long activation temperature Degree and long soak time not only result in the removing caved in and can cause nitrogen, sulphur atom of pore structure.
Alternatively, in step (5), acid used is 1mol/L hydrochloric acid and 20% hydrofluoric acid.
The invention provides a kind of nitrogen obtained by the above method, sulphur codope, activated carbon with rich mesoporous, high-graphitized porous Carbon Materials.
The present invention principle be:
In the present invention, hydro-thermal charing process enhances hydrolyzing, realizing lysis broken wall rapidly for cell wall structure in sludge, leads Cause intracellular water in sludge to be converted to Free water, improve dewatering performance of sludge.On the other hand, hydro-thermal process is improved in sludge and had Machine matter on its surface largely introduces oxygen-containing functional group and central hole structure there is provided outstanding Carbon Materials to fixed carbon conversion Presoma.In addition, in hydro-thermal carbonization process, most protein, which is able to retain, provides abundant nitrogen source and sulphur source;Simultaneously The metallic elements such as the iron, the nickel that are enriched with water-heat process sludge can be catalyzed agraphitic carbon and be converted to graphite-structure at high temperature.Therefore, Stable carbon source, nitrogen source and sulphur source, the catalytic action of the metallic element such as Yi Jitie, nickel, prepares the nitrogen with graphite-structure, sulphur Codope porous carbon material.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below and beneficial effect:
(1) technical measure is simple and easy to apply, and referring to general municipal sewage plant using dewatered sludge produces sludge, no It is limited to sewage treatmentmethod, with extensive generalization;
(2) present invention is ground-breaking make use of hydro-thermal charing process.On the one hand the dewatering of sludge is improved, is solved The difficult, defect of high energy consumption is dehydrated when preparing Carbon Materials as raw material using sludge;It is further activation in another aspect processing procedure Carbon source there is provided high-quality, stable nitrogen source and sulphur source and natural metallic catalyst;
(3) nitrogen, the porous carbon material of sulfur doping that prepare of the present invention, with porous, similar graphene-structured, and with compared with High specific surface area and larger average pore size and abundant acidity and basic functionality.
(4) nitrogen, the porous carbon material of sulphur codope prepared by the present invention has to the especially macromolecular of the pollutant in water body Organic pollutants have fast and efficiently removal effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is nitrogen, the SEM image of the porous carbon material of sulphur codope that method of the invention is obtained.
Fig. 2 is nitrogen, the nitrogen adsorption desorption curve figure of the porous carbon material of sulphur codope that method of the invention is obtained.
Fig. 3 be the present invention method obtain nitrogen, the graph of pore diameter distribution of the porous carbon material of sulphur codope.
Fig. 4 is nitrogen, the adsorption effect comparison diagram of the porous carbon material of sulphur codope that method of the invention is obtained.
Fig. 5 is the technological process that the present invention prepares nitrogen sulphur codope porous carbon material.
Embodiment
The present invention produces dewatered sludge for raw material using municipal sewage plant, is carbonized by hydro-thermal, prepared by chemical activation Nitrogen, the porous carbon material of sulphur codope.With reference to specific preparation process, the present invention is described in further details, but this hair Bright embodiment not limited to this.The alternative solution that the mode of equivalent exchange is obtained after all use equivalent substitution modes, locates Within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The utilization hydro-thermal charing sludge of the present invention prepares nitrogen, the method for sulphur codope porous carbon material, comprises the following steps:
(1) using Beijing Qinghe sewage treatment plant water content be 82% dewatered sludge as raw material, 1000g sludge is placed in In hydrothermal reaction kettle, and nitrogen preparation oxygen-free environment is passed through in advance before hydro-thermal charing.Hydro-thermal carbonization condition is 200 DEG C, charing 30min;
(2) by the product after hydro-thermal charing in step (1), 30min is centrifuged under the conditions of 5000rpm and isolates solid production Thing, 105 DEG C of drying in oven 24h are placed in by solid product.Dried solid sample crosses standby after 100 mesh sieves after crushing;
(3) by particulate samples in step (2) and 3mol/L zinc chloride according to solid-to-liquid ratio (m/v) 1:Surpass after 2.5 uniform mixing Sonication 60min, it is ensured that be sufficiently mixed, is completely dried under the conditions of being subsequently placed in 80 DEG C, by dried object sample wheat-middlings again It is broken;
(4) particulate matter that crushing is obtained in step (3) is placed in retort and carries out high-temperature activation under nitrogen protection, it is living Change condition is:Nitrogen flow is 500mL/min, and heating rate is 10 DEG C/min, and target temperature is 650 DEG C, activates 1.5h;
(5) sample after step (4) is activated, is crushed to 100 mesh again, and solid-to-liquid ratio (m/ is pressed with 1mol/L hydrochloric acid v)1:Sample 12h obtained by 10 immersions, is stirred once in a while.Solid product is separated using vacuum filtration, acid cycle is collected and uses, make Sample is rinsed repeatedly with distilled water, until sample pH value weakly acidic pH.
Embodiment 2:
(1) using Beijing Qinghe sewage treatment plant water content be 82% dewatered sludge as raw material, by 1000 grams of sludge It is placed in hydrothermal reaction kettle.Nitrogen preparation oxygen-free environment is passed through in advance before hydro-thermal charing.Hydro-thermal carbonization condition is 200 DEG C, charcoal Change 30min;
(2) by the product after hydro-thermal charing in step (1), 30min is centrifuged under the conditions of 5000rpm and isolates solid production Thing, is placed in 105 DEG C of drying in oven 24h, and will cross 100 mesh sieve standby after the solid sample crushing after drying by solid product With;
(3) by particulate samples in step (2) and powdered potassium hydroxide according to mass ratio (m/m) 1:1 uniform mixing;
(4) mixture will be obtained in step (3) and is placed in retort to carry out high-temperature activation, activation condition under nitrogen protection For:Nitrogen flow is 500mL/min, and heating rate is 10 DEG C/min, and target temperature is 600 DEG C, soak time 1.5h;
(5) sample after step (4) is activated, crushes and crosses 100 mesh sieves, solid-to-liquid ratio is pressed with 1mol/L hydrochloric acid again (m/v)1:Sample 12h obtained by 10 immersions, is stirred once in a while during immersion.Solid product is separated using vacuum filtration, is reused 20% hydrofluoric acid soaks solid sample 12h by same ratio, collects acid cycle and uses, and uses distilled water lavage specimens repeatedly Product, until sample pH value weakly acidic pH.
Embodiment 3:
(1) using sewage treatment plant of Shandong Province water content be 81% dewatered sludge as raw material, by 1000 grams, the sludge is put In in hydrothermal reaction kettle.Nitrogen preparation oxygen-free environment is passed through in advance before hydro-thermal charing.Hydro-thermal carbonization condition is 220 DEG C, charing 30min;
(2) by the product after hydro-thermal charing in step (1), 30min is centrifuged under the conditions of 5000rpm and isolates solid production Thing, is placed in 105 DEG C of drying in oven 24h, and will cross 100 mesh sieve standby after the solid sample crushing after drying by solid product With;
(3) by particulate samples in step (2) and powdered potassium hydroxide according to mass ratio (m/m) 1:0.5 uniform mixing, so After be placed in 80 DEG C under the conditions of be completely dried, dried solid sample is crushed again;
(4) particulate matter that crushing is obtained in step (3) is placed in retort and carries out high-temperature activation under nitrogen protection, it is living Change condition is:Nitrogen flow is 500mL/min, and heating rate is 10 DEG C/min, and target temperature is 650 DEG C, carbonizes 1.5h;
(5) sample after step (4) is activated, crushes and crosses 100 mesh sieves, solid-to-liquid ratio is pressed with 1mol/L hydrochloric acid again (m/v)1:Sample 12h obtained by 10 immersions, is stirred once in a while during immersion.Solid product is separated using vacuum filtration, is reused 20% hydrofluoric acid soaks solid sample 12h by same ratio, collects acid cycle and uses, and uses distilled water lavage specimens repeatedly Product, to sample pH value weakly acidic pH.
Table 1 lists nitrogen, the structured data of the porous carbon material of sulphur codope prepared by the present invention, and table 2 compared for this hair Nitrogen, the porous carbon material of sulphur codope and other sludge of bright preparation prepare the property of Carbon Materials.As can be seen that prepared by the present invention Nitrogen, the porous carbon material of sulphur codope there is more rich central hole structure and larger average pore size, while surface is contained Abundant acidic functionality and basic functionality, has extraordinary removal effect to acid, alkaline macromolecular organic dyestuff.
Nitrogen prepared by the present invention of table 1, the structured data of the porous carbon material of sulphur codope
Table 2 distributes bright and traditional residual sludge adsorbing material difference
The effect of nitrogen, sulphur auto-dope porous carbon material is prepared for the checking present invention, embodiment 2 preferable to implementation result is made Standby nitrogen, sulphur auto-dope porous carbon material have done following property representation:
Fig. 1 is nitrogen, the SEM image of sulphur auto-dope porous carbon material prepared by the present embodiment 2, it can be seen that the sludge raw material of wood-charcoal Material is with abundant pore structure.
Fig. 2 is nitrogen, the carbon of sulphur auto-dope porous carbon material, nitrogen, oxygen, the mapping figure of element sulphur prepared by the present embodiment 2 Picture, it can be seen that on the porous carbon material surface, in addition to carbon, also containing hetero atoms such as abundant nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen, and point Cloth is uniform, and elementary analysis shows nitrogen, the content of element sulphur is respectively 3.2% and 1.09%.
Fig. 3 is nitrogen, the nitrogen adsorption desorption curve figure of sulphur auto-dope porous carbon material prepared by the present embodiment 2, after measured, The specific surface area of the Carbon Materials is up to 519m2/g。
Fig. 4 is the nitrogen of the preparation of the present embodiment 2, the graph of pore diameter distribution of sulphur auto-dope porous carbon material, after measured, the sludge carbon The average pore size of material is in 4.8nm.
In order to continue the implementation result of the checking present invention, by the nitrogen prepared in embodiment 2, sulphur codope porous carbon Material is contrasted with commercially available activated carbon to the adsorption effect of acid azo-colour-acid orange 7 (Acid Orange 7, AO7), is had The operation of body adsorption experiment is as follows:
The AO7 solution of 20mL various concentrations is added in 50mL conical flask with cover, is separately added into prepared by the 0.01g present invention Nitrogen, the porous carbon material of sulfur doping and commercially available activated carbon, at ambient temperature 160rmp concussions, determine residue AO7 in solution Concentration, calculate its adsorbance, adsorption effect is contrasted referring to Fig. 5.It can be seen that the nitrogen of this method preparation, sulphur auto-dope porous charcoal Material becomes apparent to AO7 removal effect, and adsorbance is apparently higher than merchandise active carbon.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of utilization municipal sludge prepares nitrogen, the method for sulphur auto-dope porous carbon material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) dewatered sludge is placed in hydrothermal reaction kettle and carries out hydro-thermal charing pretreatment;
(2) crushed after the sludge dewatering drying after hydro-thermal charing is obtained in step (1);
(3) particulate matter in step (2) is mixed with activator;
(4) mixture is placed in retort, activated under the conditions of protective atmosphere;
(5) acid and distillation water washing are utilized after product is crushed after the activation that will be obtained in step (4) successively.
2. the method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), sludge hydro-thermal carbonization temperature is in 160- 240 DEG C, carbonization time 0.5-3h.
3. the method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), hydro-thermal charing drying sludge temperature range For 60-120 DEG C, 70-120 mesh is crushed to.
4. the method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), activator is zinc chloride or hydroxide Potassium:It is 0.5-2mol/L liquor zinci chloridis using wet-mixing, i.e. configuration concentration when selecting zinc chloride for activator, it is dirty with hydro-thermal Mud presses solid-to-liquid ratio (m/v) 1:(2-5) is mixed;When using potassium hydroxide for activator, using dry mixed, solid potassium hydroxide mill Into powder, hydro-thermal sludge and potassium hydroxide in mass ratio 1:(0.5-2) is uniformly mixed.
5. the method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (4), activation condition is:Under nitrogen protection 500-800 DEG C is warming up to from room temperature with 5-15 DEG C/min heating rates, 1-3h is activated.
6. the method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (5), acid used is 1mol/L hydrochloric acid and 20% Hydrofluoric acid.
7. a kind of sludge base nitrogen, sulphur auto-dope porous carbon material, are made according to claims 1-6 methods:The Heteroatom doping Carbon Materials there is abundant central hole structure, big average pore size, surface is rich in acidic functionality and basic functionality, in water body Acidity and alkaline organic dyestuff removal effect protrude.
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CN108559454A (en) * 2018-05-14 2018-09-21 长沙理工大学 It is a kind of using agaric charcoal as the composite phase-change heat-storage material of amorphous matrix and preparation method
CN109019598A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-12-18 华南农业大学 A kind of mixing biomass prepares the method and manufactured three-dimensional porous carbon material and its application of the three-dimensional porous carbon material of high specific capacitance
CN110065942B (en) * 2019-04-12 2022-08-12 华南理工大学 Rice-based granular microporous/ultramicroporous carbon material and preparation method thereof
CN110065942A (en) * 2019-04-12 2019-07-30 华南理工大学 A kind of rice base graininess micropore/ultramicropore carbon material and preparation method thereof
CN110449122A (en) * 2019-07-11 2019-11-15 中国石油大学(华东) Load the sludge-based activated carbon and its preparation method and application of national standard method
CN111085230A (en) * 2019-12-03 2020-05-01 郑州轻工业大学 Preparation method and application of nitrogen-doped sludge compost visible light photocatalytic material
CN111333069A (en) * 2020-03-14 2020-06-26 北京神舟茂华环保科技有限公司 Method for preparing supercapacitor electrode material by using protein in sludge
CN112479204A (en) * 2020-12-09 2021-03-12 青岛理工大学 Process and method for preparing active carbon by hydrothermal co-carbonization of enteromorpha and municipal sludge
CN113998756A (en) * 2021-08-31 2022-02-01 武汉工商学院 Method for evaluating and selecting performance of powdery activated carbon for adsorbing azo dyes by using contents of calcium element and sulfur element
CN115321536A (en) * 2022-04-14 2022-11-11 中晶城康资源再生利用技术有限公司 Treatment process and treatment system for preparing formed activated carbon from high-water-content organic waste through hydrothermal carbonization
CN115520864A (en) * 2022-09-28 2022-12-27 山西大学 Preparation method of sulfur-nitrogen in-situ doped porous carbon material
CN115779864A (en) * 2022-12-15 2023-03-14 内蒙古大学 Preparation method and application of reusable sludge-peanut shell activated carbon material
CN116371438A (en) * 2022-12-23 2023-07-04 中国科学技术大学 Fenton-assisting sludge monoatomic cocatalyst and preparation method thereof, and method for treating wastewater by Fenton

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