CN112365059B - Micro-grid system design method based on block chain - Google Patents

Micro-grid system design method based on block chain Download PDF

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CN112365059B
CN112365059B CN202011266663.XA CN202011266663A CN112365059B CN 112365059 B CN112365059 B CN 112365059B CN 202011266663 A CN202011266663 A CN 202011266663A CN 112365059 B CN112365059 B CN 112365059B
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丁涛
穆程刚
贺元康
陈天恩
王永庆
刘健
陈昊
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The application provides a design method of a micro-grid system based on a block chain, which comprises the steps of firstly designing a post-table micro-grid system based on the block chain, and secondly designing a post-table micro-grid system II containing various distributed power supplies to construct a post-table micro-grid system II with data sharing and system co-treatment. Then, an energy block concept and a transaction mechanism thereof capable of flexibly selecting a transaction time period and transaction amount are provided, an optimization model with an objective function being social benefit maximization is built, an energy block single day transaction algorithm flow is designed to meet user sectional type transaction requirements in a micro-grid system, and the problem that the existing point-to-point energy transaction is not matched with the micro-grid system after the meter is solved. The method provides thought for the design improvement of the novel micro-grid system, improves the flexibility of point-to-point distributed transaction, implements peak clipping and valley filling on the power grid, and has strong reference significance for improving social welfare.

Description

Micro-grid system design method based on block chain
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of distributed energy transaction, and particularly relates to a micro-grid system design method based on a block chain.
Background
With the rapid development of micro-grids and energy storage technologies, a distributed power supply is connected into the power grid, and becomes another important form of large-scale new energy grid connection and absorption, and is also an important supplement of large-scale new energy centralized power generation, however, most of existing micro-grid systems belong to the public investment category, and the public micro-grid systems are influenced by factors such as the fact that the cost of regular energy storage equipment is high and the current electricity price mechanism is not good, so that the benefit space of the whole micro-grid is limited, the enthusiasm of user investment cannot be well mobilized, and the potential value of the distributed power supply such as energy storage, photovoltaic and the like is difficult to play.
The public micro-grid system essentially represents a pre-electricity-meter behavior, namely a market in which a power grid, a power source side and the like are commonly participated, and the post-electricity-meter is opposite to the pre-electricity-meter, namely that residents and business users perform power-related behaviors at the rear end of the electricity meter, such as photovoltaic/energy storage installation, electricity-saving behavior, demand side response and the like, and the post-meter user uses the energy storage to provide a new means for activating the existing micro-grid system, but no research is given at present on market rules of the post-meter market participated by the users and a transaction and clearing mechanism suitable for the post-meter market. Meanwhile, the high-frequency small-amount point-to-point transaction in the after-meter market is carried out without direct participation of a power grid, and the operation of the high-frequency small-amount point-to-point transaction does not need supervision of a government supervision department, so that certain users possibly tamper with the transaction result for private interest or violate the agreed-upon agreement.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Based on the current research, market rules for users to participate in the aftermarket are not given, and trading and clearing mechanisms applicable to the aftermarket are available. Meanwhile, the high-frequency small-amount point-to-point transaction in the after-table market is carried out without direct participation of a power grid, and the operation of the system does not need supervision of a government supervision department, so that the problem that certain users tamper with the transaction result for private purchase or agree in advance is caused, and the system design method for the micro-grid system based on the blockchain is provided.
2. Technical proposal
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a method for designing a micro-grid system based on a blockchain, the method comprising the steps of:
1) Constructing a block chain-based post-table micro-grid system;
2) Configuring a plurality of distributed power supplies for the post-table micro-grid system to form a post-table micro-grid system II;
3) And aiming at the second post-table micro-grid system, formulating an energy block and a transaction mechanism thereof, simultaneously constructing an optimization model with an objective function of maximizing social benefits, and designing an energy block single-day transaction algorithm flow to meet the sectional transaction requirements of users in the second post-table micro-grid system.
Another embodiment provided herein is: the distributed power supply comprises a photovoltaic electric plate, an energy storage device and an electric automobile charging pile.
Another embodiment provided herein is: the energy blocks include buy/sell, start and stop time, price and quantity.
Another embodiment provided herein is: the operation mode of the micro-grid system after the surface in the step 1) comprises the following steps:
(101) When the user has the demand of purchasing electricity, the user issues own transaction information through a blockchain network;
(102) The post-table micro-grid system integrates the collected transaction information and calculates to obtain a market matching result;
(103) Once the matching result is generated, automatically signing a link in a contract form and being unchangeable, recording transaction running water updated at all times by a blockchain distributed account book, and broadcasting the transaction result contained in the contract to the whole micro-grid system;
(104) Each user is provided with a smart electric meter, the smart electric meter is provided with unique identification IDs different from other smart electric meters, the identification IDs of each electric meter are in one-to-one correspondence with addresses of the user participating in the blockchain network, when a new block contains transaction information of the corresponding address, the smart electric meter receives block data, and after the table is automatically executed, all users have authority to check the detailed transaction information.
Another embodiment provided herein is: the transaction information includes a bid and ask identity, a demand and a demand time.
Another embodiment provided herein is: the step 2) specifically comprises the following steps:
(201) All users accept the traditional power transmission and distribution mode, and the power consumption requirements generated by the conventional power consumption load of the users are met by means of a public power grid;
(202) Besides the traditional electric equipment, each user has different investment on the distributed power supply;
(203) The electric energy transmitted before the electric meter is needed to be used by a user at certain moments is equivalent to the electric energy transmitted by a conventional load user, when the distributed power supply configured by the user can supply power, the user selects to supply the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply to the conventional load of the user or sell the redundant electric energy generated by the power supply, the user can obtain benefits while filling the construction cost of the user, and the users with the other useful electric demands can apply to purchase the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply so as to reduce the self electric cost;
(204) And after the matching is successful, the system carries out electric energy transmission according to a transaction result.
Another embodiment provided herein is: in the step 3), the energy blocks refer to a certain amount of electricity that the producer or the consumer is about to purchase for consumption or sale at a certain price in a certain future time period, including the attributes of purchase/sale, start/stop time, price and quantity, which essentially represent a bilateral electricity contract, and meanwhile, the energy blocks issued by the user can be split into a plurality of energy blocks.
Another embodiment provided herein is: the transaction mechanism in the step 3) is as follows: the user can issue a request to the market at any time, the size of the energy block to be purchased and sold and the start-stop time are proposed, after the market receives, continuous dynamic matching is carried out according to the trade balance conditions of each time period, and finally the trade result is returned.
Another embodiment provided herein is: the optimizing model in the step 3) comprises the following steps: dividing one day into 24 time slots equally, and assuming that the market has D consumers and G suppliers, in the second micro-grid system after the table, a certain user can be used as a consumer and a supplier, but in a certain time, the transaction application is only carried out once; during the transaction, the user must issue the transaction within the range of self-load and capacity of the device; the market receives the buying and selling demands of consumers and suppliers in real time, and matches energy blocks at the starting moment of each time slot; let a moment be t 0 The model uses t 0 Is the next time slot of (a)To optimize the start time, the T time slot is used as the optimization end time, and the social benefit is maximized as an objective function.
Another embodiment provided herein is: the energy block single day transaction algorithm flow specifically comprises the following steps: the second micro-grid system reads the current real-time and initializes the time t 0 Subsequently, the second network system receives new transaction request in real time until the next time slot is reachedIs +.>Starting to execute optimization and solving to generate E d,g,t I.e. the amount of energy block transactions between the D consumer and the G provider all matching in time T, then to E d,g,t Slicing and selecting +.> The gathering amount of the time slot is the final result, all the transactions of the time slot are packaged, and the information of the transaction time, the transaction parties, the transaction amount, the transaction price and the like is all uploaded to the blockchain network to generate a new block and broadcast to all users; whileMatching amount to T time->Temporary reservation, if no other users issue transaction requests before the corresponding time of the matching quantity, the transaction requests are taken as the final result, otherwise, when new transaction requests occur, optimization calculation is carried out again to generate New match amounts up to +.>And completing the market transaction of the single-day energy block.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the micro-grid system design method based on the block chain and the application thereof have the beneficial effects that:
the utility model provides a micro-grid system design method based on block chain, which relates to the quantitative guidance of a novel micro-grid system design and a point-to-point energy transaction model.
The application provides a micro-grid system design method based on a block chain, which relates to micro-grid system design based on the block chain.
The design method of the micro-grid system based on the blockchain is used for constructing a post-meter micro-grid system comprising various distributed power sources such as photovoltaic, energy storage and electric vehicles, and provides an energy block transaction mechanism capable of flexibly selecting transaction amount and transaction time, so that the problems existing in the electric energy transaction of the existing micro-grid system are solved, and a new solving path is provided for the distributed energy transaction.
According to the design method of the micro-grid system based on the blockchain, which is provided by the application, the method can be trusted by the blockchain technology to endorse, various distributed power supplies are fused for efficient utilization, and the designed energy block transaction model can effectively implement peak clipping and valley filling, promote the increase of social welfare and maintain good operation of the whole system.
The design method of the micro-grid system based on the blockchain can improve the traditional micro-grid system, design the post-meter micro-grid system comprising various distributed power sources such as photovoltaics, electric vehicles and energy storage, the post-meter micro-grid system is spontaneously composed of users without public construction, construction cost is effectively saved, autonomous participation of the users can be promoted, meanwhile, the blockchain technology is applied to record and share data of transaction results of the micro-grid system, and a co-therapy operation mode is achieved.
The design method of the micro-grid system based on the blockchain can be used for solving the problem that the conventional point-to-point energy transaction is not matched with the micro-grid system after the meter, can be applied to the electric energy distributed transaction occasion, and engineering practical personnel can develop related research work according to the energy consumption or electricity purchasing power demand of a certain time period in the future.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a block chain based post-table micro-grid system of the present application in a mode of operation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a post-table micro-grid system of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a single day energy block transaction algorithm of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the distribution, trade volume and trade price of a three-digit consumer with distributed power source of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a four-digit common user power source of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of the system benefits of the micro-grid system after the presence or absence of the table of the present application.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and according to these detailed descriptions, those skilled in the art can clearly understand the present application and can practice the present application. Features from various embodiments may be combined to obtain new implementations or to replace certain features from certain embodiments to obtain other preferred implementations without departing from the principles of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present application provides a method for designing a micro-grid system based on a blockchain, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Constructing a block chain-based post-table micro-grid system;
2) Configuring a plurality of distributed power supplies for the post-table micro-grid system to form a post-table micro-grid system II;
3) And aiming at the second micro-grid system behind the meter, formulating an energy block and a transaction mechanism thereof, simultaneously constructing an optimization model with an objective function of maximizing social benefits, designing a single day transaction algorithm flow of the energy block, and meeting the sectional transaction requirements of users in the second micro-grid system.
System operation mode based on block chain:
an important problem faced by the development of blockchain technology to date is that the "misuse is serious", most transaction systems are sufficiently realized by means of the existing internet technology, and in most conventional transaction modes, the blockchain technology cannot fully and reasonably exert the value of the blockchain technology. Therefore, firstly, the necessity of applying the blockchain technology in the post-table micro-grid system described in the application is discussed, and secondly, the system operation mode of applying the blockchain to the evidence of the transaction result is introduced.
The micro-grid system reflects a real point-to-point energy distributed transaction market, all users in the micro-grid participate in operation, so that in order to ensure the benefit of the users, the users spontaneously participate in the market and supervise the market to achieve a co-curing state, and the mode is very similar to the operation mechanism of a blockchain technology. Meanwhile, in the application scene of the micro-grid system after the table, a database is needed to record the transaction information which is continuously and dynamically refreshed, and dynamic data is updated by a plurality of users, so that the need of establishing strong trust among users is avoided, and the need of introducing a blockchain technology is proved by various demands in order to avoid the problems of new monopoly and private caused by centralized management or third party management.
When a user has electricity purchasing energy demand, the system logs in a transaction client by using an address and a private key which are registered in advance in a blockchain network, and issues own transaction information including buying and selling identities, demand quantity, demand time and the like through the transaction client. Once the matching result is generated, the system automatically signs the transaction running water which is updated from time to time in the form of the contract and cannot be changed, and the transaction result contained in the contract is broadcasted to the whole micro-grid system, so that all members in the micro-grid system are easy to maintain.
In the micro-grid system after the meter, most users are configured with the distributed power supply, in addition to the distributed power supply, each user spontaneously installs a smart meter, each smart meter has unique Identification (ID) which is different from other smart meters, the Identification (ID) of each meter corresponds to addresses of users participating in a block chain network one by one, when a new block contains transaction information of a corresponding address, the smart meter receives block data, the final transaction result in the micro-grid system after the meter is automatically executed, the block data is synchronously transmitted to a transaction client of each user, and all users have the authority to check the detailed transaction information so as to establish a point-to-point electric energy transaction micro-grid system with shared data and common treatment.
Two-integral architecture of micro-grid system behind meter
An electric energy meter (electric meter for short) is an instrument for measuring electric energy and records the active electric energy consumed by an electric appliance. According to the position of the power grid, the post-meter market refers to a distributed transaction market composed of energy storage of residents and business users, and the post-meter market refers to a market with public participation of the power grid, a power supply side and the like.
Pre-and post-table behavior
The pre-meter behavior mainly refers to pre-meter grid behavior. Before a household ammeter, a power supply end generates power, and electric energy is transmitted to a user household through the ammeter, so that the user consumes electricity. The electricity meter records electricity consumption according to actual use conditions, and then the power grid perceives user behaviors according to the electricity meter data to formulate a series of operation mechanisms. If the power supply fails upstream, the household may have a power failure, and the readings of the ammeter are unchanged in the power failure time. Whether in normal use or malfunctioning, the readings of the electricity meter are only affected by the actual electricity usage of the corresponding household. In addition, the constructive behavior before the ammeter does not affect the ammeter reading, for example, a set of photovoltaic equipment is newly added by a power supply bureau for generating power before electric energy is transmitted to a family or a community, and under the condition that the household electricity consumption behavior is not changed, the household corresponding ammeter reading is not changed.
The post-table behavior mainly refers to user behavior after the table. For a community, school, factory or ordinary household, most electricity consumption is passive, and users consume electric energy due to production and living needs, and the corresponding consumption amount is reflected in the change of the electric meter. Another behavior is active, such as a user investing in a photovoltaic panel, energy storage device, etc. in the area. On the one hand, such a device can supplement its own electricity demand, and on the other hand, in order to sell excess electric energy or to purchase cheaper electric energy from others, the user establishes a set of meter-behind micro-grid systems two after the electricity meter in such an investment manner. Each user can freely buy and sell electric energy in the second micro-grid system behind the meter, and further requirements of the users are met. The power grid cannot interfere or control the active post-meter behavior, and the electric energy traded and consumed in the post-meter micro-grid system II cannot be read by the electric meter.
Point-to-point energy block transaction model:
in the micro-grid system after the meter, a user can compare the electric energy prices of the market before the meter and the market after the meter so as to decide the buying and selling behaviors of the user. The partial power consumption requirement of the user is met by the pre-meter power grid, and the distributed power supply is a limited-capacity device and cannot continuously output electric energy. Thus in the after-market, while all users can participate in the micro-grid market at any time, they place their own electricity purchase and sales demands, they appear as block electricity purchase and sales demands for a certain period of time in the future.
Further, the step 2) specifically includes the following steps:
(201) All users accept the traditional power transmission and distribution mode, and the power consumption requirements generated by the conventional power consumption load of the users are met by means of a public power grid;
(202) Besides the traditional electric equipment, each user has different investment on the distributed power supply;
(203) The electric energy transmitted before the electric meter is needed to be used by a user at certain moments is equivalent to the electric energy transmitted by a conventional load user, when the distributed power supply configured by the user can supply power, the user selects to supply the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply to the conventional load of the user or sell the redundant electric energy generated by the power supply, the user can obtain benefits while filling the construction cost of the user, and the users with the other useful electric demands can apply to purchase the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply so as to reduce the self electric cost;
(204) And after the matching is successful, the system carries out electric energy transmission according to a transaction result.
Two-integral architecture of micro-grid system behind meter
The second micro-grid system behind the meter is shown in fig. 2, the existing power system is used for producing electric energy through various types of power plants, and the novel energy power plants such as large-scale photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation are included besides the traditional thermal power plants. All users receive the traditional power transmission and distribution mode, and the electric energy generated by the public power grid is transmitted from a remote place through the existing equipment such as a power transmission line, a distribution substation and the like and is transmitted into the families of the users for the users to use through the household electric meter. As can be seen from the sectional views of the rooms of users (1), (2), (3) and (5) in fig. 2, the conventional electricity load of the users mainly comes from the traditional electric equipment such as lighting, refrigerators and televisions, and the electricity requirements generated by the equipment are mostly met by virtue of a public power grid. Besides the traditional electric equipment, each user has different investments on distributed power sources such as a photovoltaic panel, an energy storage device, an electric car charging pile and the like according to self economic conditions and actual use requirements, as in fig. 2, the users (1) and (3) are provided with the electric car charging pile, the users (2) and (5) are provided with the energy storage device, and the users (4) and (6) are provided with the solar photovoltaic panel. The electric energy transmitted by the users before the electric meter is needed to be used at certain moments is equivalent to the electric energy transmitted by the users with conventional loads, and when the distributed power supply configured by the users can supply power, the users select to supply the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply to the conventional loads of the users or sell the redundant electric energy generated by the power supply, so that the users can obtain benefits while filling the construction cost of the users. The other users with the power requirements can apply to purchase the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply so as to reduce the self power cost.
And the users configured with various distributed power supplies form a second tabulated micro-grid system, and transactions among the users are issued and matched through a point-to-point energy block transaction network. After successful matching, the system transmits electric energy according to the transaction result. In the second micro-grid system after the meter, the transaction behavior of the user is the 'post-meter behavior', the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply is not used no matter self-generated and self-generated, and the electric energy before the electric meter is not used, so that the electric meter data cannot be changed due to the post-meter behavior.
In contrast to existing microgrid systems
The post-meter micro-grid system exhibits three different characteristics from the existing micro-grid system. In the aspect of transaction flexibility, in the existing micro-grid system, electric energy transmission and transaction among users are tightly coupled with ammeter data change, and most common electric equipment and flexible energy storage equipment participate together by the coupling, so that the flexibility of the micro-grid system is not easy to develop, and the full transaction of a micro-grid distributed electric market is also not facilitated. In the micro-grid system after the meter, the transaction among users shows the characteristic of high-frequency small amount, the users can fully schedule flexible equipment such as photovoltaic devices, energy storage devices, electric automobiles and the like, and the electric energy transaction scheme is freely controlled after the electric meter. In the aspect of the participation enthusiasm of users, the existing micro-grid system is often provided with a large-scale energy storage device, the large-capacity energy storage device is constrained by inherent cost and charge and discharge loss cost, and the minimum transaction standard is set, so that the enthusiasm of the common household users for participating in the micro-grid market is weakened due to the characteristic. In the micro-grid system after the meter, the energy storage device installed by the user is small in scale and low in cost, the behavior after the meter is not limited by a power grid, the user can be favorably and graphically represented, the micro-grid system after the meter provides a larger investment business mode for the user, and the enthusiasm of the user in the micro-grid system to participate in the market can be stimulated. In terms of a system operation mode, a post-meter micro-grid system is not required to be built by a special government department or a power grid enterprise, and electric energy equipment behind an electric meter consists of distributed power supplies of all users; the behavior after the electricity meter is spontaneously developed by the user in the micro-grid area; the micro-grid system behind the electricity meter is formed by the point-to-point electricity trading market in which users participate. The running mode of the micro-grid system behind the meter greatly reduces the social cost, and the micro-grid system is maintained and operated by itself in a mode of consensus.
Further, in the step 3), the energy blocks are bilateral electric quantity contracts, and the energy blocks issued by the user can be split into a plurality of energy blocks.
In the existing market, users purchase electric energy to power grid companies in real time, and because loads tend to be dynamically changed, the mode is extremely easy to cause difficult matching of supply and demand, and future electricity demand is difficult to fully prepare. Meanwhile, the centralized electricity seller reduces the market liveness, so that the electric power market can not fully exert the financial function. The producer and consumer conduct distributed matching transactions on the blockchain with bilateral power contracts.
Further, the transaction mechanism in the step 3) is that the user can issue a request to the market at any time, the size of the energy block to be purchased and sold and the start-stop time are proposed, after the market receives, continuous dynamic matching is performed according to the transaction balance condition of each time period, and finally the transaction result is returned.
Consumers may purchase energy from both the front public network and the back micro network energy suppliers (hereinafter referred to as "suppliers"). The price released by the suppliers is only lower than the price of the public network, so that the suppliers can obtain benefits, and meanwhile, the suppliers need reasonable quotation and report amount to compete for market share. For consumers, the cost of purchasing power from suppliers is lower than that of purchasing power directly from public networks, so that consumers can accept suppliers' offers, and only need to make a certain period of power consumption demands to the market.
Further, the optimizing model in the step 3) includes: dividing one day into 24 time slots equally, and assuming that the market has D consumers and G suppliers, in the second micro-grid system after the table, a certain user can be used as a consumer and a supplier, but in a certain time, the transaction application is only carried out once; during the transaction, the user must issue the transaction within the range of self-load and capacity of the device; the market receives the buying and selling demands of consumers and suppliers in real time, and matches energy blocks at the starting moment of each time slot; the time slot is taken as the optimization ending time, and the social benefit is maximized as an objective function.
Further, the transaction information includes a trade identity, a demand amount, and a demand time.
Further, the energy blocks include buy/sell, start and stop time, price and quantity.
Further, the distributed power supply comprises a photovoltaic electric plate, an energy storage device and an electric automobile charging pile.
Further, the energy block single day transaction algorithm flow specifically comprises: the second micro-grid system reads the current real-time and initializes the time t 0 Subsequently, the second network system receives new transaction request in real time until the next time slot is reached Is +.>Starting to execute optimization and solving to generate E d,g,t I.e. the amount of energy block transactions between the D consumer and the G provider all matching in time T, then to E d,g,t Slicing and selecting +.>The gathering amount of the time slot is the final result, all the transactions of the time slot are packaged, and the information of the transaction time, the transaction parties, the transaction amount, the transaction price and the like is all uploaded to the blockchain network to generate a new block and broadcast to all users; but->Matching amount to T time->Temporary reservation, if no other users issue a transaction request before the corresponding time of the matching quantity, the transaction request is taken as a final result, otherwise, when a new transaction request occurs, optimization calculation is carried out again, and a new matching quantity is generated until ∈>And completing the market transaction of the single-day energy block.
Examples
The micro-grid system comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a post-meter micro-grid system operation mode taking a block chain technology as a core, and realizing point-to-point distributed transaction of electric energy in the micro-grid system;
(2) Integrating various distributed power sources such as photovoltaic power, energy storage power and electric vehicles by the micro-grid system behind the meter, completing the overall structural design of the micro-grid system behind the meter, and realizing the full utilization of micro-grid electric energy;
(3) The method is characterized by providing an energy block concept and a transaction mechanism thereof for a post-table micro-grid system, flexibly selecting a transaction time period and transaction amount, constructing an optimization model with an objective function of maximizing social benefits, and designing an energy block daily transaction algorithm flow to meet the user sectional type transaction requirements in the post-table micro-grid system.
Further, the operation mode of the step (1) comprises the following steps:
(101) When a certain user has the demand of purchasing and selling electricity, the user issues own transaction information comprising buying and selling identities, demand quantity, demand time and the like through a blockchain network;
(102) The system integrates the collected transaction information and calculates a market matching result;
(103) Once the matching result is generated, automatically signing a link in a contract form and being unchangeable, recording transaction running water updated at all times by a blockchain distributed account book, and broadcasting the transaction result contained in the contract to the whole micro-grid system;
(104) Each user is provided with a smart electric meter, the smart electric meter is provided with unique identification IDs different from other smart electric meters, the identification IDs of each electric meter are in one-to-one correspondence with addresses of the user participating in the blockchain network, when a new block contains transaction information of the corresponding address, the smart electric meter receives block data, and after the table is automatically executed, all users have authority to check the detailed transaction information.
Further, the whole structure of the post-table micro-grid system in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(201) All users accept the traditional power transmission and distribution mode, the electric energy generated by the existing electric power system is transmitted from a distant place through the existing equipment such as a power transmission line, a distribution substation and the like, and is transmitted into the families of the users for the users to use through the household electric meters, and the electricity consumption requirements generated by the conventional electricity consumption loads of the users are mostly met by relying on a public power grid;
(202) Besides the traditional electric equipment, each user has different investments on distributed power supplies such as a photovoltaic panel, an energy storage device, an electric vehicle charging pile and the like according to the self economic conditions and actual use requirements;
(203) The electric energy transmitted by the user before the electric meter is needed to be used at certain moments is equivalent to the electric energy transmitted by the user with conventional load, and when the distributed power supply configured by the user can supply power, the user selects to supply the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply to the conventional load of the user or sell the redundant electric energy generated by the power supply, so that the user obtains benefits while filling the construction cost of the user. The other users with the power requirements can apply to purchase the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply so as to reduce the self power cost.
(204) Users who configure various distributed power supplies form a 'micro-grid system behind a meter', and transactions among users are issued and matched through a point-to-point energy block transaction network. After successful matching, the system transmits electric energy according to the transaction result.
Further, the energy block concept and the transaction mechanism in the step (3) are described as follows: in a future time period, the producer or consumer is ready to purchase a certain amount of electricity for consumption or sale at a certain price. The energy block is a pure gold-fused commodity, and is essentially a bilateral electric quantity contract. The energy blocks comprise the attributes of buying/selling, starting and stopping time, price, quantity and the like, meanwhile, the energy blocks issued by a user can be split into a plurality of energy blocks, namely, the bought energy blocks can be sourced from a plurality of suppliers, and the sold energy blocks can be sold to a plurality of consumers. The user can issue a request to the market at any time, the size of the energy block to be purchased and sold and the start-stop time are proposed, after the market receives, continuous dynamic matching is carried out according to the trade balance conditions of each time period, and finally the trade result is returned.
Further, the optimization model in the step (3) specifically includes the following:
average one day is divided into t=24 time slots, T e [1,2 ], T-1, T ] representing the T-th time slot. Assuming the market has D customers and G suppliers, in the post-listing micro-grid system, a certain user can act as both a customer and a supplier, but only once in a certain time.
During the transaction, the user must issue the transaction within the range of self-load and capacity of the device, and the d-th consumer expects to meet himself t as much as possible d ～τ d Electricity demand over timeLower electricity cost is obtained under the condition of (2); the g-th provider expects to offer +.>Sell oneself t g ～τ g Residual electric energy ∈>Higher benefits are obtained. Consumer and provider energy block release collections are:
the market receives the buying and selling demands of consumers and suppliers in real time, matches energy blocks at the starting moment of each time slot, and presumes that the energy block success rate of the consumer d in the t-th time slot is e buyd,t The volume of the transaction of the provider g in the t-th time slot is e sellg,t The following relationship should be satisfied
Wherein (2) to (3) represent that the energy block purchase amount (sales amount) of any consumer (supplier) in the time slot t is at the minimum transaction amount e maxd,t (e maxg,t ) And maximum tradable quantity e maxd,t (e maxg,t ) In the range, (4) to (5) represent the total distribution amount of the energy blocks in the time period, in which the sum of the transaction amounts of the user in the time period of self-distribution is equal. The selling price of each split of the supplier isI.e.
Suppose that consumer d purchases total power p from g suppliers in t time slots buyd,t Is that
Wherein e d,g,t Representing the power purchased by user d from provider g during time t, and further, the price of the unmatched portion of the consumer from the public network Buying, consumer d buying energy quantity q from public network buyd,t Is that
Similarly, the supplier g sells the total electric energy p to d consumers in the t time slot sellg,t Is that
The price of the unmatched part of the suppliersSelling to public network, and selling electric energy q to public network by provider g sellg,t Is that
In addition, the following constraints exist:
wherein (11) - (12) represent that the matching amount of each consumer d and the supplier g is greater than or equal to 0, and the sum of the number of energy blocks purchased (sold) by any consumer (supplier) in the time t is necessarily less than or equal to the amount of transaction e in the time period buyd,t (e sellg,t ). To sum up, (2) to (12) constitute the equality constraint and the inequality constraint of the optimization model described in the present application.
Let a moment be t 0 The model uses t 0 Is the next time slot of (a)To optimize the start time, T time slot is used as the optimized end time, and social benefit maximization is used as the objective functionI.e., maximizing the difference between vendor benefits and consumer electricity costs:
wherein,representing t 0 An integer rounded up. Further, the above formula can be simplified as:
the trading mechanism for the single day energy block market is shown in fig. 3: the system reads the current real-time and initializes the time t 0 Subsequently, the system receives a new transaction request at a time until the next time slot is reached Is +.>Starting to execute optimization and solving to generate E d,g,t The amount of energy block transactions between the D consumer and the G provider all matching in the T time is shown in formula (15):
next to E d,g,t Slicing and selectingThe gathering amount of the time slot is the final result, all the transactions of the time slot are packaged, and the information of the transaction time, the transaction parties, the transaction amount, the transaction price and the like is all uploaded to the blockchain network, so that a new block is generated and broadcast to all users. But->Matching amount to T time->Temporary reservation, if no other users issue a transaction request before the corresponding time of the matching quantity, the transaction request is taken as a final result, otherwise, when a new transaction request occurs, optimization calculation is carried out again, and a new matching quantity is generated until ∈>And completing the market transaction of the single-day energy block.
Scene design
The micro-grid system after a certain table is assumed to contain 12 users, and is marked as 1-12, wherein the users 1-2 are provided with solar photovoltaic panels, the users 3-5 are provided with electric vehicles, the users 6-8 are provided with energy storage devices, and the users 9-12 are ordinary load users. The first 8 users are available in the market for power consumption, and the last 4 users have only the possibility to purchase power for consumption, so in this example, d=12, g=8. The daily period was divided into 24 time slots, and the range of the purchasable amount of the consumer per time slot and the range of the saleable amount of the supplier per time slot are shown in tables 1 to 4.
TABLE 1 maximum consumer availability
Note that: the time unit is h, and the transaction amount unit is kWh.
Table 2 consumer minimum purchase amount
Note that: the time unit is h, and the transaction amount unit is kWh.
TABLE 3 maximum vendor sales
Note that: the time unit is h, and the transaction amount unit is kWh.
Table 4 minimum vendor sales
Note that: the time unit is h, and the transaction amount unit is kWh.
The energy blocks and time periods of a 12 users to be transacted on a certain day are shown in table 5, wherein the non-frame shaded blocks represent that the corresponding time has purchasing behavior, the frame shaded blocks represent selling behavior, and the numbers in the blocks represent the electric quantity required to be transacted in kWh in the time period.
Electric energy release information of 512-bit users
As can be seen from chapter 2 of the present application, in the post-listing micro-grid system, the consumer's unmatched demand will be priced from the public gridTo buy, the electric energy not sold by the supplier will be +.>Sold to public networks. Public network time-sharing electricity purchase price +.>And->As shown in Table 6, both of them are changed with the load change of different times, the electricity prices also reach peaks at about 9 and 19 load peak time periods, and simultaneously, the +.>For a supplier, if the selling price of a certain supplier g in the market is higher than +. >No user will choose to trade with it if the selling price of a certain supplier g in the market is below +.>Its profit will be greatly reduced or even lost and therefore the basic strategy for the provider offer is shown in equation (16) and the provider detailed offer data is shown in table 7.
Table 6 public network time-of-use electricity price
Note that: the purchase price refers to the price of purchasing electric energy from a user, the selling price refers to the price of selling electric energy by the user, and the units are as follows: minutes/kWh.
Table 7 vendor detailed quotation information
Distributed power user transaction results
Fig. 4 shows the release amount, transaction amount and transaction price of the photovoltaic users 1, the electric car users 3 and the energy storage users 6 in the micro-grid system after the meter, respectively. The release amount or transaction amount represents the purchasing behavior positively and the selling behavior negatively. When the user is a consumer, the trade price is the average value of the quotations of suppliers matched with the user or the selling price of the power grid by the weight, and when the user is a supplier, the trade price is the average value of the quotations of the user and the selling price of the power grid by the weight. Gray part uses public network time-sharing to purchase electricity priceAnd->As an upper and lower bound, it can be seen that when a user has an issue amount at a certain time but the transaction amount is 0, that is, only the user performs a transaction with the power grid, the transaction price is the purchase/sale price of the power grid, and when the transaction amount is not 0, that is, the user performs a transaction with other users, the transaction price is located in the transaction price interval.
When three users are taken as suppliers, the time period of selling the electric energy is different, but the sold electric energy is purchased by other users in the micro-grid, and when the three users are taken as consumers, the electric energy is from other suppliers or public networks in the micro-grid. When the solar sunlight is abundant in noon and the photovoltaic generated electric energy is remained, the photovoltaic user 1 sells 16kWh electric quantity in 11-16 time slots, the selling average price is 43.38 minutes/kWh, the photovoltaic user 1 is equivalent to an ordinary user in other time, has the action of purchasing electric energy from the market, issues the electricity demand of 6kWh in 8-10 time slots and issues the electricity demand of 10kWh in 19-24 time slots. The electric car users 3 have fewer transactions as suppliers in the market, and mainly play a role in filling the rest of the market transactions, for example, 3kWh is sold in the time slots 8 to 11 and 4kWh is sold in the time slots 16 to 17 in fig. 4 (b). The energy storage users often choose to sell electricity in the morning and evening peak hours, such as the 6-8 time and 18-22 time slots in fig. 4 (c), with a mean price of 47 cents/kWh. When the electricity prices of the time slots of 1-4 in the early morning, 10-12 in the midday and 23-24 at night are low, the energy storage user selects to charge, supplements the electric energy of 19kWh, and the buying average price is 45.36 minutes/kWh.
Purchasing results of general users
FIG. 5 is a bar graph showing the actual power source purchased by 4 average users and the corresponding number and price per hour, with blue and orange line graphs representing the public network time-of-use electricity prices, respectivelyAnd->While the supplier reference bid range is shaded in gray. The purchasing condition of a user in a certain time period can be intuitively seen from the diagram, and the system splits the released energy blocks to each hour under the condition that the upper limit and the lower limit of the transaction amount of the user in each hour are met, and meanwhile, the total requirement in the time period is ensured to be unchanged. Further, the detailed transaction amount between users or between users and the public network in each hour is matched, namely the energy block in each hour has the specific transaction amount, the transaction price, the transaction parties and the like. The whole process accords with the principle of energy block transaction.
In a post-meter microgrid system, diversified distributed power users enable purchase sources of consumer electric energy to be diversified. The purchasing source of the user is related to the published time, and in the time slot of 1-6, only the common user 1 purchases 2.2kWh of electricity at the time of 6 and is completely satisfied by the public network; in the 7-12 time slot, the 25.33kWh power consumption requirement of consumers is mostly met by the post-meter micro-grid system, wherein the photovoltaic provides 6.06kWh, the electric automobile provides 8.75kWh and the energy storage provides 7.47kWh; under the condition that the sunshine is abundant in noon and the capacity of the photovoltaic users is high, the common users often choose to purchase the electric energy of the photovoltaic users, and other users purchase the electric energy from the photovoltaic at 13-14 points except that the user 11 does not release the transaction at 13-14 points; in the new load peak in the evening, the main purchase source of the user is an energy storage user, for example, 5.85kWh is satisfied by the energy storage in the 8kWh demand of the user 9 in the 17-22 hours, and 8.92kWh is satisfied by the energy storage in the 12kWh power demand of the user 11 in the 15-21 hours; with the distributed power supply gradually failing to meet the user demand, the user will purchase power from the public network again, for example, in the 10kWh power demand of the user 10 at 18-23 hours, the power is supplied by the public network for the last 3 hours, and 5kWh is supplied in total.
In addition, it can be seen that the price of electricity purchased by an average user from a post-meter microgrid system is mostly lower than that of the public network and is within the reference price of the provider. In the experiment, users 9,10 and 12 purchase the electric energy of the photovoltaic user 2 at the price of 50 minutes/kWh at 13 points, which is 1.37kWh in total and is higher than 49 minutes/kWh of the public network electricity price at the same time. As explained below, if 4 users purchase the required electric energy from the public network at a price of 49 min/kWh, then the photovoltaic users can only sell the required electric energy to the public network at a price of 35 min/kWh, and the overall benefit of the system is reduced by [ (50-35) - (50-49) ]by1.37=19.18 min, so that the transaction result accords with the social benefit maximization model.
System benefit comparison with and without micro-nets
In order to further explain the benefits of the micro-grid system after the meter is provided, a scenario without the micro-grid after the meter is assumed, the release amount and release time period of 12 users are assumed to be unchanged, in the scenario without the micro-grid, the release amount of the users in a certain time period is equally divided into each hour, the purchase demand of the users is directly met by the public network, and the price is the selling price of the public networkThe selling requirement of the user is also directly accepted by the public network, and the price is the purchase price of the public network +.>In fig. 6 (a), the real-time load comparison result of the micro-grid system after the presence or absence of the table is shown first, it can be seen that the introduction of the micro-grid reduces the early load peak around 9 points and the late load peak around 20 points, fills the afternoon load valley around 16 points, and effectively plays the role of peak clipping and valley filling. Because the micro-grid system after the meter contains energy storage users, a large amount of charging is needed at night, and therefore, the load valley effect of the micro-grid system at night is not obvious.
Fig. 6 (b) and (c) illustrate the impact of microgrid introduction on vendor revenue and consumer cost, respectively. Total revenue enhancement for suppliers in post-meter microgrid systemsThe total cost of the consumer is reduced to 91.68% of the original cost, which is 124.52% of the original benefit. Due to public network purchase priceLower and the ordinary user can accept even if the price of the supplier is slightly lower than the price of the public network when buying the electric energy, therefore, the selling price of the supplier is +.>And->At the same time, tend to be closer to +.>The increase in provider revenue is therefore more pronounced than the reduction in consumer costs.
Although the present application has been described with reference to particular embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many modifications are possible in the principles and scope of the disclosure. The scope of the application is to be determined by the appended claims, and it is intended that the claims cover all modifications that are within the literal meaning or range of equivalents of the technical features of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A micro-grid system design method based on block chain is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Constructing a block chain-based post-table micro-grid system;
2) Configuring a plurality of distributed power supplies for the post-table micro-grid system to form a post-table micro-grid system II;
3) Aiming at the second post-table micro-grid system, an energy block and a transaction mechanism thereof are formulated, an optimization model with a target function of social benefit maximization is built, and an energy block single-day transaction algorithm flow is designed to meet the user sectional type transaction requirement in the second post-table micro-grid system; average one day into t=24 time slots，t∈[1，2，...，T-1，T]The t time slot is represented, and the market is assumed to have D consumers and G suppliers, and in the second micro-grid system, a certain user can be used as a consumer and a supplier, but in a certain time, the transaction application is only performed once; during the transaction, the user must issue the transaction within the range of self-load and capacity of the device, and the d-th consumer expects to meet himself t as much as possible d ～τ d Electricity demand over timeLower electricity cost is obtained under the condition of (2); the g-th provider expects to offer +.>Sell oneself t g ～τ g Residual electric energy ∈>Higher yields are obtained, and consumer and provider energy block release sets are:
the market receives the buying and selling demands of consumers and suppliers in real time, matches energy blocks at the starting moment of each time slot, and presumes that the energy block success rate of the consumer d in the t-th time slot is The volume of the provider g to be delivered in the t-th time slot is t The following relationship should be satisfied
Wherein (2) - (3) represent that the energy block purchase amount or sales amount of any consumer or provider in the time slot t is at the minimum transaction amountOr->And maximum tradable amount->Or->In the range, (4) to (5) represent the total distribution amount of the energy blocks in the time period, in which the sum of the transaction amounts of the user in the time period of self-distribution is equal. The selling price of each split of the suppliers is +.>I.e.
Suppose consumer d is slave within the t time slotTotal electrical energy purchased at g suppliersIs that
Wherein e d，g，t Representing the power purchased by user d from provider g during time t, and further, the price of the unmatched portion of the consumer from the public networkBuying, consumer d purchases energy from the public network +.>Is that
Similarly, supplier g sells total power to d consumers in t time slotsIs that
The price of the unmatched part of the suppliersSelling to public network, supplier g selling electric energy to public network>Is that
In addition, the following constraints exist:
wherein (11) - (12) represent that the matching amount of each consumer d and the supplier g is greater than or equal to 0, and the sum of the number of energy blocks purchased or sold by any consumer or supplier in the time t is less than or equal to the corresponding amount of energy blocks in the time t Or->To sum up, (2) to (12) constitute the equality constraint and inequality constraint of the optimization model described in the present application;
let a moment be t 0 The model uses t 0 Is the next time slot of (a)To optimize the start time, the T time slot is taken as the optimization end time, and the social benefit is maximized as an objective function, namely, the difference between the benefit of the supplier and the cost of electricity consumption of the consumer is maximized:
wherein,representing t 0 An integer rounded up. Further, the above formula can be simplified as:
trade mechanism of single day energy block market: the second micro-grid system reads the current real-time and initializes the time t 0 Subsequently, the system receives a new transaction request at a time until the next time slot is reachedIs +.>Starting to execute optimization and solving to generate E d，g，t The amount of energy block transactions between the D consumer and the G provider all matching in the T time is shown in formula (15):
next to E d，g，t Slicing and selectingThe gathering amount of the time slot is the final result, all the transactions of the time slot are packaged, the transaction time, the transaction two sides, the transaction amount and the transaction price information are all uploaded to the blockchain network, a new block is generated, and the new block is broadcasted to all users; but->Matching amount to T time- >Temporary reservation, if no other users issue a transaction request before the corresponding time of the matching quantity, the transaction request is taken as a final result, otherwise, when a new transaction request occurs, optimization calculation is carried out again, and a new matching quantity is generated until ∈>And completing the market transaction of the single-day energy block.
2. The blockchain-based microgrid system design method of claim 1, wherein: the operation mode of the micro-grid system after the surface in the step 1) comprises the following steps:
(101) When the user has the demand of purchasing electricity, the user issues own transaction information through a blockchain network;
(102) The post-table micro-grid system integrates the collected transaction information and calculates to obtain a market matching result;
(103) Once the matching result is generated, automatically signing a link in a contract form and being unchangeable, recording transaction running water updated at all times by a blockchain distributed account book, and broadcasting the transaction result contained in the contract to the whole micro-grid system;
(104) Each user is provided with a smart electric meter, the smart electric meter is provided with unique identification IDs different from other smart electric meters, the identification IDs of each electric meter are in one-to-one correspondence with addresses of the user participating in the blockchain network, when a new block contains transaction information of the corresponding address, the smart electric meter receives block data, and after the table is automatically executed, all users have authority to check the detailed transaction information.
3. The blockchain-based microgrid system design method of claim 2, wherein: the transaction information includes a bid and ask identity, a demand and a demand time.
4. The blockchain-based microgrid system design method of claim 1, wherein: the step 2) specifically comprises the following steps:
(201) All users accept the traditional power transmission and distribution mode, and the power consumption requirements generated by the conventional power consumption load of the users are met by means of a public power grid;
(202) Besides the traditional electric equipment, each user has different investment on the distributed power supply;
(203) The electric energy transmitted before the electric meter is needed to be used by a user at certain moments is equivalent to the electric energy transmitted by a conventional load user, when the distributed power supply configured by the user can supply power, the user selects to supply the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply to the conventional load of the user or sell the redundant electric energy generated by the power supply, the user can obtain benefits while filling the construction cost of the user, and the users with the other useful electric demands can apply to purchase the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply so as to reduce the self electric cost;
(204) And after the matching is successful, the system carries out electric energy transmission according to a transaction result.
5. The blockchain-based microgrid system design method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the energy blocks are bilateral electric quantity contracts, and the energy blocks issued by a user can be split into a plurality of energy blocks.
6. The blockchain-based microgrid system design method of claim 5, wherein: the transaction mechanism in the step 3) is that a user can issue a request to the market at any time, the size of the energy block to be purchased and sold and the starting and ending time are proposed, after the market receives, continuous dynamic matching is carried out according to the transaction balance conditions of each time period, and finally a transaction result is returned.
7. The blockchain-based microgrid system design method of any of claims 1-6, characterized by: the distributed power supply comprises a photovoltaic electric plate, an energy storage device and an electric automobile charging pile.
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