CN112365059A - Microgrid system design method based on block chain - Google Patents

Microgrid system design method based on block chain Download PDF

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CN112365059A
CN112365059A CN202011266663.XA CN202011266663A CN112365059A CN 112365059 A CN112365059 A CN 112365059A CN 202011266663 A CN202011266663 A CN 202011266663A CN 112365059 A CN112365059 A CN 112365059A
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丁涛
穆程刚
贺元康
陈天恩
王永庆
刘健
陈昊
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The utility model provides a microgrid system design method based on block chain, firstly design behind-the-table microgrid system one based on block chain, secondly design behind-the-table microgrid system two that contains multiple distributed generator to build data sharing, system is managed behind-the-table microgrid system two altogether. And then, an energy block concept and a transaction mechanism thereof are provided, wherein the transaction time period and the transaction amount can be flexibly selected, an optimization model with a target function maximized social welfare is established, and an energy block single-day transaction algorithm flow is designed to meet the sectional transaction requirements of users in the microgrid system and solve the problem that the existing point-to-point energy transaction is not matched with the listed microgrid system. The method provides a thought for the design improvement of a novel micro-grid system, improves the flexibility of point-to-point distributed transaction, performs peak clipping and valley filling on a power grid, and has a strong reference meaning for improving social welfare.

Description

Microgrid system design method based on block chain
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of distributed energy transaction, and particularly relates to a microgrid system design method based on a block chain.
Background
With the rapid development of micro-grids and energy storage technologies, a distributed power supply is connected to a power grid, becomes another important form of large-scale new energy grid-connected consumption, and is also an important supplement of large-scale new energy centralized power generation, however, most of the existing micro-grid systems belong to the public investment category, such a public micro-grid system has limited benefit space of the whole micro-grid due to the fact that the cost of energy storage equipment in a regular mode is high and is influenced by factors such as the current electricity price mechanism is not perfect, the enthusiasm of user investment cannot be well transferred, and the potential value of distributed power supplies such as energy storage and photovoltaic is difficult to play.
The public microgrid system substantially represents a market in which electric meters participate in the front, namely, a power grid and a power supply side and the like, and the fact that the rear of the electric meter is opposite to the front of the electric meter means that residential and industrial and commercial users have behaviors related to electric power at the rear end of the electric meter, such as photovoltaic/energy storage, electricity saving behaviors, demand side response and the like, and the user energy storage at the rear of the electric meter provides a new means for activating the existing microgrid system. Meanwhile, the high-frequency small-amount point-to-point transaction in the after-list market does not directly participate in the power grid, and the operation of the point-to-point transaction does not need the supervision of a government regulatory department, so that some users may tamper with the transaction result for the private benefit or violate the agreed agreement in advance.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Market rules for users to participate in the after-table market and trading and clearing mechanisms applicable to the after-table market are not given based on current research. Meanwhile, the high-frequency small-amount point-to-point transaction in the market after the table is finished does not directly participate in a power grid, and the operation of the point-to-point transaction does not need the supervision of a government supervision department, so that some users may tamper the transaction result for private profit or violate the problem of agreed rules in advance.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a microgrid system design method based on a block chain, including the following steps:
1) constructing a first block chain-based behind-table microgrid system;
2) configuring a plurality of distributed power supplies for the behind-meter microgrid system to form a behind-meter microgrid system II;
3) and aiming at the second after-table microgrid system, an energy block and a transaction mechanism thereof are formulated, an optimization model with an objective function being the social welfare maximization is built, and a single-day transaction algorithm flow of the energy block is designed to meet the sectional transaction requirements of users in the second after-table microgrid system.
Another embodiment provided by the present application is: the distributed power supply comprises a photovoltaic panel, an energy storage device and an electric automobile charging pile.
Another embodiment provided by the present application is: the energy blocks include buy/sell, start and stop times, price and quantity.
Another embodiment provided by the present application is: the operation mode of the post-expression micro-network system in the step 1) comprises the following steps:
(101) when a user has a demand for purchasing and selling electric energy, issuing own transaction information through a block chain network;
(102) integrating the collected transaction information by the post-tabulation micro-network system, and calculating to obtain a market matching result;
(103) once the matching result is generated, the user can automatically sign up the chain in a contract form and can not change the chain, the transaction flow which is updated in real time is recorded in the block chain distributed book, and the transaction result contained in the contract is broadcasted to the whole microgrid system;
(104) and when a newly generated block contains transaction information of a corresponding address, the intelligent electric meter receives the block data, automatically executes a final transaction result in the post-table microgrid system, and all users have the right to check the detailed transaction information.
Another embodiment provided by the present application is: the transaction information includes the trading identity, the demand amount and the demand time.
Another embodiment provided by the present application is: the step 2) specifically comprises the following steps:
(201) all users accept the traditional power transmission and distribution mode, and the power demand generated by the conventional power load of the users is met by the public power grid;
(202) besides traditional electric equipment, each user has different investment on the distributed power supply;
(203) the electric energy transmitted before the user needs to use the electric meter at some time is equivalent to the conventional load user, when the distributed power supply configured by the user can supply power, the user selects to supply the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply to the conventional load of the user or sell redundant electric energy generated by the power supply, the construction cost of the user is filled, the benefit is obtained, and the users with other useful electricity demands can also apply for purchasing the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply so as to reduce the electricity consumption cost of the user;
(204) and after matching is successful, the system carries out electric energy transmission according to the transaction result.
Another embodiment provided by the present application is: the energy block in the step 3) refers to a certain amount of electricity which is prepared to be purchased or sold by a producer or a consumer at a certain price in a certain time period in the future, and comprises attributes such as purchase/sale, start-stop time, price and quantity, and the like, and essentially represents a bilateral electricity quantity contract, and meanwhile, the energy block issued by a user can be split into a plurality of energy blocks.
Another embodiment provided by the present application is: the transaction mechanism in the step 3) is as follows: the user can issue a request to the market at any time, the size and the starting and ending time of the energy block to be bought and sold are provided, after the market receives the request, continuous dynamic matching is carried out according to the trade balance condition of each time period, and finally a trade result is returned.
Another embodiment provided by the present application is: the optimization model in the step 3) comprises: equally dividing one day into 24 time slots, assuming that a market has D consumers and G suppliers, in a second microgrid system behind the table, a certain user can be used as both a consumer and a supplier, but only once transaction application is carried out within a certain time; during the transaction process, the user must issue the transaction within the range of the self load and the capacity of the device; the market receives the buying and selling demands of consumers and suppliers in real time, and energy blocks are matched at the starting moment of each time slot; let a certain time be t0The model is expressed as t0Next time slot of
Figure BDA0002776342670000031
In order to optimize the starting time, the T time slot is used as the optimization ending time, and the social welfare is maximized to be an objective function.
Another embodiment provided by the present application is: the energy block single-day transaction algorithm flow specifically comprises the following steps: the second micro-grid system behind the meter reads the current real-time and initializes the time t0And then, the second microgrid system behind the table receives a new transaction request in real time until the next time slot is reached
Figure BDA0002776342670000032
At the initial moment
Figure BDA0002776342670000033
Starting to execute optimization, and solving to generate Ed,g,tI.e. all the energy block trades matched within T time between D consumers and G suppliers, then for Ed,g,tSlicing and selecting
Figure BDA0002776342670000034
Figure BDA0002776342670000035
The matching amount of the time slot is a final result, all transactions in the time slot are packaged, information such as transaction time, transaction parties, transaction amount, transaction price and the like is uploaded to a block chain network, a new block is generated, and the new block is broadcasted to all users; while
Figure BDA0002776342670000036
Amount of match to T time
Figure BDA0002776342670000037
Temporarily keeping, if no other user issues a transaction request before the time corresponding to the matching amount, taking the transaction request as a final result, otherwise, when a new transaction request occurs, carrying out optimization calculation again to generate a new matching amount until the new matching amount is generated
Figure BDA0002776342670000038
And then, completing the market transaction of the single-day energy block.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the microgrid system design method based on the block chain and the application thereof have the beneficial effects that:
the application provides a microgrid system design method based on a block chain, and relates to quantitative guidance of a novel microgrid system design and a point-to-point energy transaction model.
The application provides a microgrid system design method based on a block chain, and relates to microgrid system design based on the block chain.
According to the block chain-based microgrid system design method, a behind-meter microgrid system comprising various distributed power supplies such as photovoltaic power supplies, energy storage power supplies and electric vehicles is constructed, an energy block transaction mechanism capable of flexibly selecting transaction amount and transaction time is provided, the problems existing in the existing microgrid system electric energy transaction are solved, and a new solution path is provided for distributed energy transaction.
According to the block chain-based microgrid system design method, the block chain technology trust endorsement can be received, various distributed power supplies can be efficiently utilized, the designed energy block transaction model can effectively implement peak clipping and valley filling, social welfare is promoted to be increased, and the good operation of the whole system is maintained.
The utility model provides a microgrid system design method based on block chain can improve traditional microgrid system, design the table back microgrid system that contains multiple distributed power supply such as photovoltaic, electric automobile and energy storage, table back microgrid system is become by user's spontaneous constitution, need not public construction, not only effectively practice thrift the construction cost but also can promote user's autonomic participation, use the block chain technique to carry out record and data sharing to microgrid system's transaction result simultaneously, reach the operation mode of a joint cure.
The microgrid system design method based on the block chain can solve the problem that the existing point-to-point energy trading is not matched with the microgrid system behind the meter due to the fact that users in the microgrid system behind the meter do not trade in real time and show the requirement of electricity consumption or electricity purchasing quantity in a certain time period in the future, and provides an energy block concept and a trading mechanism capable of flexibly selecting trading time periods and trading quantities.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation of a block chain based post-table microgrid system according to the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a post-table microgrid system of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a single day energy block trading algorithm of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the issue volume, transaction volume and transaction price for a three-digit distributed power consumer of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a four-digit general consumer power source of the present application;
fig. 6 is a comparison of the microgrid system benefits with or without a meter according to the present application.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description that the present application can be practiced. Features from different embodiments may be combined to yield new embodiments, or certain features may be substituted for certain embodiments to yield yet further preferred embodiments, without departing from the principles of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present application provides a microgrid system design method based on a block chain, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) constructing a first block chain-based behind-table microgrid system;
2) configuring a plurality of distributed power supplies for the behind-meter microgrid system to form a behind-meter microgrid system II;
3) and aiming at the second micro-grid system behind the table, an energy block and a transaction mechanism thereof are formulated, an optimization model with an objective function being the social welfare maximization is built, and a single-day transaction algorithm flow of the energy block is designed to meet the sectional transaction requirements of users in the second micro-grid system.
The system operation mode based on the block chain is as follows:
one of the major issues faced by the development of blockchain technology is "abuse," which is sufficient for most transactions based on the existing internet technology, and in most conventional transaction models, blockchain technology cannot fully and reasonably exert its value. Therefore, the necessity of applying the blockchain technology in the microgrid system after the table is discussed firstly, and then the system operation mode of applying the blockchain to store the transaction result is introduced.
The microgrid system reflects a real point-to-point energy distributed transaction market, all users in the microgrid participate in operation, and in order to guarantee the benefits of the users, the users spontaneously participate in the market and supervise the market to achieve a co-treatment state, and the mode is very similar to the operation mechanism of the block chain technology. Meanwhile, in an application scene of the post-tabulation microgrid system, a database is needed to record continuously and dynamically refreshed transaction information, dynamic data are updated by participation of a plurality of users, and strong trust needs to be established among the users in order to avoid new monopoly and conspiracy problems caused by centralized management or third-party management, so that the necessity of introducing a block chain technology is proved by various requirements.
The overall operation mode of the post-listing micro-network system is shown in fig. 1, when a certain user has a demand for purchasing and selling electricity, the user logs in a transaction client by using an address and a private key which are generated by registration in advance in a block chain network, the transaction client publishes own transaction information including purchasing and selling identity, demand time and the like, the system integrates the collected transaction information, calculates a matching result of the market by referring to actual public network price, and essentially, the matching is to find an optimal decision, so that the electricity cost of the buyer is minimized or the profit of the seller is maximized by solving an optimization problem. Once the matching result is generated, the user can automatically sign up in a contract form and can not change, the block chain distributed book records are updated in real time, the transaction result contained in the contract is broadcasted to the whole microgrid system, and all members in the microgrid system can be maintained easily.
In the microgrid system behind the meter, most users are configured with the distributed power supply, besides, each user spontaneously installs an intelligent electric meter, the intelligent electric meter has a unique identification ID different from other intelligent electric meters, the identification ID of each electric meter corresponds to the address of a user participating in a block chain network one by one, when a new block contains transaction information of the corresponding address, the intelligent electric meter receives the block data, the final transaction result in the microgrid system behind the meter is automatically executed, the block data are synchronously transmitted to the transaction client of each user, and all the users have the right to check transaction detailed information so as to establish a point-to-point electric energy transaction system with shared data and shared system.
Two-body architecture of micro-grid system behind meter
An electric energy meter (short for electric meter) is a meter for measuring electric energy and recording active electric energy consumed by electric appliances. According to the installation position of the power grid, the rear part of the meter is opposite to the front part of the meter, the market behind the meter mostly refers to a distributed trading market formed by energy storage of residents and industrial and commercial users, and the market in front of the meter mostly refers to public participating markets such as the power grid and a power supply side.
Pre-and post-watchful behaviors
The pre-meter behavior mainly refers to the pre-meter power grid behavior. Before the household electric meter, the power supply end generates electricity, and the electric energy is transmitted to the household of the user through the electric meter, so that the user uses the electricity. The electric meter records the electricity consumption according to the actual use condition, and then the electric network perceives user behavior according to the electric meter data and formulates a series of operation mechanisms. If the power supply upstream fails, the household may have a power failure, and the reading is unchanged during the power failure time of the electric meter. The reading of the electric meter is only affected by the actual electricity consumption of the corresponding household whether the electric meter is normally used or fails. In addition, the constructive behavior before the electric meter does not affect the reading of the electric meter, for example, a set of photovoltaic equipment is newly added to a power supply office before electric energy is transmitted to a family or a community for power generation, and the reading of the electric meter corresponding to the family is not changed under the condition that the household electricity consumption behavior is not changed.
The post-form behavior mainly refers to the post-form user behavior. For a community, a school, a factory or a common household, most of the electricity utilization behaviors are performed passively, users consume electric energy due to production and living needs, and the corresponding amount of consumption is reflected in the change of electric meters. And the other behavior is an active behavior, such as investment of photovoltaic panels, energy storage devices and the like in the area where the user is located. On the one hand, such a device can supplement the own power demand, and on the other hand, in order to sell excess electric energy or to buy cheaper electric energy to others, the user establishes a set of behind-meter microgrid systems two behind the electric meter in such an investment manner. And each user can freely buy and sell electric energy in the second microgrid system behind the meter, so that the further requirements of the user are met. The electric network cannot interfere with or control active post-meter behaviors, and electric energy traded and consumed in the post-meter micro-grid system II cannot be read by the electric meter.
Point-to-point energy block transaction model:
in the micro-grid system behind the meter, a user can compare the electric energy prices of the market before the meter and the market behind the meter, so that the user can decide the buying and selling behaviors. Partial power utilization requirements of users are met by a power grid in front of the meter, and the distributed power supply is a limited-capacity device and cannot continuously output electric energy. In the after-table market, therefore, although all users can participate in the microgrid market at any time to provide own electricity purchasing and selling demands, the after-table market shows block electricity purchasing and selling demands for a certain period of time in the future.
Further, the step 2) specifically comprises the following steps:
(201) all users accept the traditional power transmission and distribution mode, and the power demand generated by the conventional power load of the users is met by the public power grid;
(202) besides traditional electric equipment, each user has different investment on the distributed power supply;
(203) the electric energy transmitted before the user needs to use the electric meter at some time is equivalent to the conventional load user, when the distributed power supply configured by the user can supply power, the user selects to supply the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply to the conventional load of the user or sell redundant electric energy generated by the power supply, the construction cost of the user is filled, the benefit is obtained, and the users with other useful electricity demands can also apply for purchasing the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply so as to reduce the electricity consumption cost of the user;
(204) and after matching is successful, the system carries out electric energy transmission according to the transaction result.
Two-body architecture of micro-grid system behind meter
The second table back microgrid system is as shown in fig. 2, and the existing power system produces electric energy through various power plants, except the traditional thermal power plant, the system further comprises large-scale photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and other new energy power plants. All users receive a traditional power transmission and distribution mode, and electric energy generated by a public power grid is transmitted from a distance through existing equipment such as a power transmission line, a distribution substation and the like and is transmitted to a user family through a household electric meter for use by the user. It can be seen from the sectional view of the room in fig. 2 that the conventional electricity loads of the user mainly come from the traditional electricity-using devices such as lighting, refrigerator and television, and the electricity demands generated by these devices are mostly satisfied by the public power grid. Except for traditional electric equipment, each user has different investments for distributed power supplies such as a photovoltaic panel, an energy storage device and an electric automobile charging pile according to self economic conditions and actual use requirements, for example, in fig. 2, the user is provided with the electric automobile charging pile, the user is provided with the energy storage device, and the user is provided with the solar photovoltaic panel. The electric energy transmitted before the electric meter is needed by the users at some time is equivalent to the conventional load users, and when the distributed power supply configured by the users can supply power, the users select to supply the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply to the conventional load of the users or sell redundant electric energy generated by the power supply, so that the construction cost of the users is filled, and meanwhile, the benefits are obtained. Other users with useful electricity requirements can also apply for purchasing the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply so as to reduce the electricity consumption cost of the users.
And the users configured with various distributed power supplies form a second microgrid system after the table, and the transactions among the users are issued and matched through a point-to-point energy block transaction network. And after matching is successful, the system carries out electric energy transmission according to the transaction result. In the second after-meter microgrid system, the transaction behavior of the user is the 'after-meter behavior', the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply is not used before the electric meter no matter the electric energy is produced by self and sold, or produced by self and sold, and the electric meter data cannot be changed due to the after-meter behavior.
Compared with the existing microgrid system
The micro-grid system behind the table has different characteristics in three aspects compared with the existing micro-grid system. In the aspect of transaction flexibility, in the conventional microgrid system, electric energy transmission and transaction among users are closely coupled with electric meter data change, and due to the coupling, most common electric equipment and flexible energy storage equipment participate together, so that the flexibility of the microgrid system is not easily exerted, and the full transaction of a microgrid distributed power market is not facilitated. In the micro-grid system behind the meter, the transaction among users has the characteristic of high frequency and small amount, and the users can fully schedule flexible equipment such as photovoltaic equipment, energy storage devices and electric vehicles and freely control the electric energy transaction scheme behind the electric meter. In the aspect of user participation positivity, the existing microgrid system is often provided with large-scale energy storage devices, the high-capacity energy storage devices are constrained by inherent cost and charging and discharging loss cost, the minimum trading standard is set, and the positivity of common household users participating in the microgrid market can be weakened by the characteristic. In the post-table microgrid system, the energy storage device installed by a user is small in scale and low in cost, post-table behaviors are not constrained by a power grid, the user can be profitable, the post-table microgrid system provides a larger investment business mode for the user, and the enthusiasm of the user in the microgrid system for participating in the market can be stimulated. In the aspect of a system operation mode, a micro-grid system behind the meter does not need to be built by a special government department or a power grid enterprise, and electric energy equipment behind the meter consists of distributed power supplies of all users; the behavior behind the electricity meter is spontaneously formed by the users in the microgrid region; the microgrid system behind the electric meter is formed by point-to-point electric energy trading markets participated by users. The operation mode of the micro-grid system behind the table greatly reduces social cost, and the micro-grid system is self-maintained and operated in a consensus and consensus mode.
Further, the energy block in step 3) is a bilateral electricity contract, and the energy block issued by the user can be split into a plurality of energy blocks.
In the existing market, a user purchases electric energy from a power grid company in real time, and the load is changed dynamically, so that the supply and demand are difficult to match, and the future power utilization requirement is difficult to prepare fully. Meanwhile, the market activity is reduced by the centralized electricity seller, so that the financial function of the electricity market cannot be fully exerted. The producer and consumer conduct distributed match transactions on the blockchain with a bilateral electricity contract.
Further, the trading mechanism in the step 3) is that the user can issue a request to the market at any time, the size and the starting and ending time of the energy block to be bought and sold are provided, after the market receives the request, continuous dynamic matching is carried out according to trading balance conditions of each time period, and finally a trading result is returned.
Consumers may purchase energy from energy suppliers in the pre-meter public network and the post-meter microgrid (hereinafter "suppliers"). Suppliers may only earn revenue if the prices they issue are below the public network price, while they need reasonable quote volume to compete for market share. For the consumer, the cost of purchasing electric energy from the supplier is lower than that of purchasing electric energy from the public network directly, so that the consumer can accept the price quoted by the supplier and only needs to put the demand of the electric energy for a certain period of time to the market.
Further, the optimization model in the step 3) comprises: equally dividing one day into 24 time slots, assuming that a market has D consumers and G suppliers, in a second microgrid system behind the table, a certain user can be used as both a consumer and a supplier, but only once transaction application is carried out within a certain time; during the transaction process, the user must issue the transaction within the range of the self load and the capacity of the device; the market receives the buying and selling demands of consumers and suppliers in real time, and energy blocks are matched at the starting moment of each time slot; and taking the time slot as the optimization ending time and maximizing social welfare as an objective function.
Further, the transaction information includes a trade identity, a demand amount, and a demand time.
Further, the energy block includes buy/sell, start and stop times, price and quantity.
Further, distributed power source includes photovoltaic electroplax, energy memory and electric automobile fills electric pile.
Further, the energy block single-day transaction algorithm flow specifically includes: the second micro-grid system behind the meter reads the current real-time and initializes the time t0And then, the second microgrid system behind the table receives a new transaction request in real time until the next time slot is reached
Figure BDA0002776342670000081
At the initial moment
Figure BDA0002776342670000082
Starting to execute optimization, and solving to generate Ed,g,tI.e. all the energy block trades matched within T time between D consumers and G suppliers, then for Ed,g,tSlicing and selecting
Figure BDA0002776342670000083
The amount of time slot matching is the final resultIf so, packaging all the transactions in the time slot, uploading all the information such as transaction time, transaction parties, transaction amount, transaction price and the like to a block chain network, generating a new block and broadcasting the new block to all users; while
Figure BDA0002776342670000084
Amount of match to T time
Figure BDA0002776342670000085
Temporarily keeping, if no other user issues a transaction request before the time corresponding to the matching amount, taking the transaction request as a final result, otherwise, when a new transaction request occurs, carrying out optimization calculation again to generate a new matching amount until the new matching amount is generated
Figure BDA0002776342670000086
And then, completing the market transaction of the single-day energy block.
Examples
The microgrid system comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a behind-meter microgrid system operation mode taking a block chain technology as a core, and realizing point-to-point distributed transaction of electric energy in the microgrid system;
(2) the behind-meter micro-grid system integrates various distributed power supplies such as photovoltaic power, energy storage power, electric vehicles and the like, the overall structure design of the behind-meter micro-grid system is completed, and the full utilization of micro-grid power is realized;
(3) the energy block concept and the transaction mechanism thereof aiming at the post-table microgrid system can be used for flexibly selecting transaction time periods and transaction amounts, an optimization model with a target function maximized social welfare is built, and a single-day transaction algorithm flow of the energy blocks is designed to meet the sectional transaction requirements of users in the post-table microgrid system.
Further, the operation mode of the step (1) comprises the following steps:
(101) when a certain user has the demand of purchasing and selling electric energy, the user issues own transaction information through the block chain network, wherein the transaction information comprises purchasing and selling identities, demand quantity, demand time and the like;
(102) the system integrates the collected transaction information and calculates to obtain a market matching result;
(103) once the matching result is generated, the user can automatically sign up the chain in a contract form and can not change the chain, the transaction flow which is updated in real time is recorded in the block chain distributed book, and the transaction result contained in the contract is broadcasted to the whole microgrid system;
(104) and when a newly generated block contains transaction information of a corresponding address, the intelligent electric meter receives the block data, automatically executes a final transaction result in the post-table microgrid system, and all users have the right to check the detailed transaction information.
Further, the overall structure of the post-table microgrid system in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(201) all users receive a traditional power transmission and distribution mode, electric energy generated by an existing power system is transmitted from a remote place through existing equipment such as a power transmission line, a distribution substation and the like, and is transmitted to a user family through a household ammeter for use by the user, and the power consumption demand generated by the conventional power load of the user is mostly satisfied by a public power grid;
(202) besides traditional electric equipment, each user has different investments in distributed power supplies such as a photovoltaic panel, an energy storage device and an electric vehicle charging pile according to the economic condition and the actual use requirement of the user;
(203) the electric energy transmitted before the user needs to use the electric meter at some moments is equivalent to that of a conventional load user, and when the distributed power supply configured by the user can supply power, the user selects to supply the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply to the conventional load of the user or sell redundant electric energy generated by the power supply, so that benefits are obtained while the construction cost of the user is filled. Other users with useful electricity requirements can also apply for purchasing the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply so as to reduce the electricity consumption cost of the users.
(204) Users with various distributed power supplies form a behind-table microgrid system, and transactions among the users are issued and matched through a point-to-point energy block transaction network. And after matching is successful, the system carries out electric energy transmission according to the transaction result.
Further, the energy block concept and transaction mechanism in step (3) is described as follows: within a certain time period in the future, the producer or consumer is prepared to purchase a certain amount of electricity for consumption or sale at a certain price. The energy block is a pure financial commodity and is essentially a bilateral electric quantity contract. The energy block comprises the attributes of buying/selling, starting and ending time, price, quantity and the like, meanwhile, the energy block issued by the user can be split into a plurality of energy blocks, namely the bought energy block can originate from a plurality of suppliers, and the sold energy block can be sold to a plurality of consumers. The user can issue a request to the market at any time, the size and the starting and ending time of the energy block to be bought and sold are provided, after the market receives the request, continuous dynamic matching is carried out according to the trade balance condition of each time period, and finally a trade result is returned.
Further, the optimization model in step (3) specifically includes the following contents:
the day is divided into 24 time slots on average, and T ∈ [1, 2., T-1, T ] denotes the tth time slot. Assuming that a market has D consumers and G suppliers, in the microgrid system behind the table, a certain user can be used as both a consumer and a supplier, but within a certain time, a transaction application is only applied once.
During the transaction, the user must issue the transaction within the range of his own load and the capacity of the device, and the d-th consumer wants to satisfy his own t as much as possibled～τdDemand for electricity over time
Figure BDA0002776342670000101
Under the condition of (2), the lower electricity utilization cost is obtained; the g-th supplier desires to quote as much as possible
Figure BDA0002776342670000102
Sell oneself tg～τgResidual electric energy in time
Figure BDA0002776342670000103
Higher gains are obtained. Consumer and supplier energyThe block hair distribution set is as follows:
Figure BDA0002776342670000104
the market receives the buying and selling demands of the consumers and the suppliers in real time, energy blocks are matched at the starting moment of each time slot, and the energy block transaction amount of the consumer d in the t-th time slot is assumed to be ebuyd,tThe volume of the transaction of the supplier g in the t-th time slot is esellg,tThen the following relationship should be satisfied
Figure BDA0002776342670000105
Figure BDA0002776342670000106
Figure BDA0002776342670000107
Figure BDA0002776342670000108
Wherein (2) to (3) represent that the energy block purchase amount (sales amount) of any consumer (supplier) in the time slot t is at the minimum transaction amount emaxd,t(emaxg,t) And a maximum tradable amount emaxd,t(emaxg,t) In the range, (4) to (5) represent that the sum of the transaction amount of the user in the self-issuing time range is equal to the total issuing amount of the energy blocks in the time period. The selling price of each split amount of the supplier is
Figure BDA0002776342670000109
Namely, it is
Figure BDA00027763426700001010
Suppose that consumer d purchases total power p from g suppliers in t time slotsbuyd,tIs composed of
Figure BDA0002776342670000111
Wherein e isd,g,tIndicating the electric energy purchased by the user d from the supplier g in the time slot t, and further, the part of the electric energy which is not matched by the consumers is used as the price from the public network
Figure BDA0002776342670000112
Buying, consumer d purchases energy quantity q from public networkbuyd,tIs composed of
Figure BDA0002776342670000113
Similarly, supplier g sells p total electric energy to d consumers in t time slotsellg,tIs composed of
Figure BDA0002776342670000114
Price of unmatched part of supplier
Figure BDA0002776342670000115
Selling to public network, the supplier g sells electric energy q to public networksellg,tIs composed of
Figure BDA0002776342670000116
Furthermore, the following constraints also exist:
Figure BDA0002776342670000117
Figure BDA0002776342670000118
wherein, (11) to (12) indicate that the matching amount of each consumer d and the supplier g is more than or equal to 0, and the sum of the number of the energy blocks purchased (sold) by any consumer (supplier) in the time t is less than or equal to the volume e of the transaction in the time periodbuyd,t(esellg,t). In summary, (2) to (12) form the equality constraint and the inequality constraint of the optimization model described in the present application.
Let a certain time be t0The model is expressed as t0Next time slot of
Figure BDA0002776342670000119
In order to optimize the starting time, the T time slot is taken as the optimization ending time, and the social welfare is maximized as an objective function, namely, the difference between the benefit of a supplier and the electricity cost of a consumer is maximized:
Figure BDA00027763426700001110
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00027763426700001111
represents t0An integer rounded up. Further, the above formula can be simplified as follows:
Figure BDA00027763426700001112
the trading mechanism for the single-day energy block market is shown in FIG. 3: the system reads the current real-time and initializes the time t0Subsequently, the system receives new transaction requests from time to time until the next time slot is reached
Figure BDA00027763426700001113
At the initial moment
Figure BDA00027763426700001114
Starting to execute optimization, and solving to generate Ed,g,tThat is, the transaction amount of all matched energy blocks in the T time between the D-bit consumer and the G-bit supplier is shown as the formula (15):
Figure BDA0002776342670000121
then to Ed,g,tSlicing and selecting
Figure BDA0002776342670000122
The matching amount of the time slot is a final result, all transactions in the time slot are packaged, information such as transaction time, transaction parties, transaction amount, transaction price and the like is uploaded to a block chain network, a new block is generated, and the new block is broadcasted to all users. While
Figure BDA0002776342670000123
Amount of match to T time
Figure BDA0002776342670000124
Temporarily keeping, if no other user issues a transaction request before the time corresponding to the matching amount, taking the transaction request as a final result, otherwise, when a new transaction request occurs, carrying out optimization calculation again to generate a new matching amount until the new matching amount is generated
Figure BDA0002776342670000125
And then, completing the market transaction of the single-day energy block.
Scene design
Suppose that 12 users are included in the microgrid system behind a certain meter and are marked as 1-12, wherein 1-2 users are provided with solar photovoltaic panels, 3-5 users are provided with electric automobiles, 6-8 users are provided with energy storage devices, and 9-12 users are ordinary load users. The first 8 users can buy and sell electric energy in the market, and the last 4 users only have the possibility of buying electric energy for consumption, so in this example, D is 12, and G is 8. A day is divided into 24 time slots, and the range of purchasable amount of each time slot of the consumer and the range of vendible amount of each time slot of the supplier are shown in tables 1-4.
TABLE 1 maximum amount of consumer purchased
Note: the time unit is h and the transaction amount unit is kWh.
Figure BDA0002776342670000126
Figure BDA0002776342670000131
TABLE 2 minimum Consumer purchases
Note: the time unit is h and the transaction amount unit is kWh.
Figure BDA0002776342670000132
TABLE 3 maximum vendor sales
Note: the time unit is h and the transaction amount unit is kWh.
Figure BDA0002776342670000141
TABLE 4 minimum vendor sales
Note: the time unit is h and the transaction amount unit is kWh.
Figure BDA0002776342670000142
Figure BDA0002776342670000151
The energy blocks and time periods to be traded by the 12 users at a certain day are shown in table 5, wherein the non-frame shaded blocks represent that there is purchasing behavior at the corresponding time, the frame shaded blocks represent selling behavior, and the numbers in the blocks represent the amount of electricity to be traded in the time period, and the unit is kWh.
Electric energy distribution information of 512-bit user in meter
Figure BDA0002776342670000152
From chapter 2 of the present application, it can be seen that in the post-table microgrid system, the demand that the consumer does not match will be priced from the public network
Figure BDA0002776342670000153
The electric energy bought, not sold by the supplier will be at price
Figure BDA0002776342670000154
And selling to the public network. Time-sharing electricity purchasing and selling price for public network
Figure BDA0002776342670000155
And
Figure BDA0002776342670000156
as shown in Table 6, both of them are changed with the load change at different times, and the electricity rates are also at the peak in the two peak load periods of about 9 o 'clock and 19 o' clock, and at the same time, the demand is always satisfied at any time
Figure BDA0002776342670000157
For a supplier, if a certain supplier g has a selling price higher than that in the market
Figure BDA0002776342670000158
No user will choose to trade with it if a certain supplier g has a lower selling price in the market
Figure BDA0002776342670000159
Its profit will be greatly reduced or even lost, and therefore, the basic strategy of the supplier's price quotation is as shown in equation (16), and the supplier's detailed price quotation data is as shown in table 7.
Figure BDA00027763426700001510
TABLE 6 time-sharing electricity purchase and sale price for public network
Note: the price refers to the price of electric energy purchased from a user, the selling price refers to the price of electric energy sold by the user, and the unit is as follows: min/kWh.
Figure BDA00027763426700001511
Table 7 supplier detailed quotation information
Figure BDA0002776342670000161
Distributed power source user transaction results
Fig. 4 shows the release amount, the transaction amount and the transaction price of the photovoltaic users 1, the electric vehicle users 3 and the energy storage users 6 in the micro grid system after the meter is given. The issued or traded amount is positive for purchase and negative for sale. When the user is a consumer, the transaction price is the average value of the matched supplier quote or the electric network selling price weighted according to quantity, and when the user is the supplier, the transaction price is the average value of the self quote and the electric network buying price weighted according to quantity. The gray part purchases electricity price in time sharing mode through public network
Figure BDA0002776342670000162
And
Figure BDA0002776342670000163
for the upper and lower boundaries, it can be seen that when a user has a distribution amount at a certain time but the transaction amount is 0, that is, only the user performs a transaction with the power grid, the transaction price is the electricity purchasing/selling price of the power grid, and when the transaction amount is not 0, that is, the user performs a transaction with another user, the transaction price is located in the transaction price interval.
When three users are used as suppliers, the time periods for selling the electric energy are different, but the sold electric energy is purchased by other users in the microgrid, and when the three users are used as consumers, the electric energy comes from other suppliers in the microgrid or the public network. When sunlight is abundant and electric energy generated by photovoltaic is surplus at noon, the photovoltaic users 1 sell the electric energy to the market, the photovoltaic users 1 sell 16kWh electric energy in 11-16 time slots, the average selling price is 43.38 min/kWh, the electric energy is equal to that of ordinary users at other time, the electric energy is purchased from the market, electricity demands of 6kWh are issued in 8-10 time slots, and electricity demands of 10kWh are issued in 19-24 time slots. The electric vehicle users 3 have fewer trades as suppliers in the market, and mainly play a role in filling up the remainder of market trades, for example, selling 3kWh in time slots from 8 to 11 and selling 4kWh in time slots from 16 to 17 in fig. 4 (b). The energy storage user usually selects to sell electricity in the morning and evening peak hours, such as electricity selling behaviors in 6-8 time slots and 18-22 time slots in fig. 4(c), and the average selling price is 47 minutes/kWh. When the electricity price is lower in 1-4 morning, 10-12 noon and 23-24 night time slots, the energy storage user selects to charge, the electric energy is supplemented by 19kWh, and the average price is 45.36 min/kWh.
General user purchase results
FIG. 5 is a bar chart showing the actual sources of electricity purchased by 4 general users and the corresponding quantity and price per hour, and blue and orange line charts respectively represent the time-of-sale electricity prices of the public network
Figure BDA0002776342670000164
And
Figure BDA0002776342670000165
and the supplier reference quotation ranges are shaded gray. The purchase condition of a user in a certain time period can be intuitively seen from the graph, the system splits the issued energy block to each hour under the condition of meeting the upper and lower limit constraints of the user per hour transaction amount, and meanwhile, the total demand in the time period is ensured to be unchanged. And further matching detailed transaction amount between users or between the users and a public network in each hour, namely that the energy block in each hour has the attributes of clear transaction amount, transaction price, transaction parties and the like. The whole process accords with the energy block trading principle.
In the microgrid system behind the table, diversified distributed power supply users enable the purchase sources of electric energy of consumers to be diversified. The user purchase source is related to the published time, and in 1-6 time slots, only an ordinary user 1 purchases 2.2kWh electric quantity at 6 times and the electric quantity is completely satisfied by a public network; in a time slot of 7-12, the 25.33kWh power consumption requirement of a consumer is mostly met by a behind-the-meter microgrid system, wherein photovoltaic provides 6.06kWh, an electric automobile provides 8.75kWh, and energy storage provides 7.47 kWh; under the conditions that sunlight is abundant at noon and the capacity of photovoltaic users is high, ordinary users often choose to purchase electric energy of the photovoltaic users, and except that users 11 do not release transactions at 13-14 hours, other users purchase electric energy from the photovoltaic at 13-14 hours; in the new load peak in the evening, the user mainly purchases energy storage users, for example, 5.85kWh is met by energy storage in the 8kWh demand of the user 9 in 17-22 hours, and 8.92kWh is met by energy storage in the 12kWh power demand of the user 11 in 15-21 hours; with the fact that the distributed power supply can not meet the requirements of the user gradually, the user purchases electric energy from the public network again, for example, in the 10kWh power utilization requirement when the user 10 is at 18-23 hours, the electric energy is provided by the public network in the last 3 hours, and 5kWh is provided totally.
In addition, it can be seen that the price of electricity purchased by the ordinary users from the microgrid system behind the table is mostly lower than that of the public network and is within the reference price of the suppliers. In the experiment, the number 9,10 and 12 users purchase the photovoltaic users 2 with the price of 50 min/kWh at the point 13, the electric energy amount is 1.37kWh, and is higher than the electricity price of 49 min/kWh of the public grid at the same time. As explained below, if 4 users purchase the required electric energy from the public network at a price of 49 minutes/kWh, the photovoltaic users can only sell the electric energy to the public network at a price of 35 minutes/kWh, and the benefit of the whole system will be reduced by [ (50-35) - (50-49) ] 1.37 ═ 19.18 minutes, so that the transaction results conform to the social welfare maximization model.
System benefit comparison with microgrid and microgrid-free
In order to further explain the benefits of the after-release microgrid system provided by the application, a situation without an after-release microgrid is assumed, the release amount and the release time period of 12 users are assumed to be unchanged, in the situation without the microgrid, the release amount of the users in a certain time period is equally divided to every hour, the purchase demands of the users are directly met by the public network, and the price is the selling price of the public network
Figure BDA0002776342670000171
The selling demand of the user is directly accepted by the public network, and the price is the purchase price of the public network
Figure BDA0002776342670000172
Fig. 6 (a) shows the real-time load comparison result of the microgrid system with or without the watch, and it can be seen that the introduction of the microgrid reduces the morning load peak of about 9 o ' clock and the evening load peak of about 20 o ' clock, and fills the midday load valley of about 16 o ' clock, thereby effectively playing the role of peak clipping and valley filling. Because the micro-grid system behind the meter contains energy storage users and needs to be charged in large quantity at night, the load and valley effect of the micro-grid system at night is not obvious.
Fig. 6(b) and (c) show the impact of microgrid introduction on provider revenue and consumer costs, respectively. The total supplier profit in the microgrid system is increased to 124.52% of the original profit, and the total consumer cost is reduced to 91.68% of the original cost. Due to public network purchase price
Figure BDA0002776342670000181
Low, and the ordinary user can accept the electric energy when buying the electric energy even if the price of the supplier is slightly lower than the price of the public network, therefore, the selling price of the supplier is higher than that of the public network
Figure BDA0002776342670000182
And
Figure BDA0002776342670000183
while often closer to each other
Figure BDA0002776342670000184
The increase in revenue for the supplier is more significant than the decrease in cost to the consumer.
Although the present application has been described above with reference to specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that many changes may be made in the configuration and details of the present application within the principles and scope of the present application. The scope of protection of the application is determined by the appended claims, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the technical features are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (10)

1. A microgrid system design method based on a block chain is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) constructing a first block chain-based behind-table microgrid system;
2) configuring a plurality of distributed power supplies for the behind-meter microgrid system to form a behind-meter microgrid system II;
3) and aiming at the second after-table microgrid system, an energy block and a transaction mechanism thereof are formulated, an optimization model with an objective function being the social welfare maximization is built, and a single-day transaction algorithm flow of the energy block is designed to meet the sectional transaction requirements of users in the second after-table microgrid system.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the microgrid system based on a blockchain is characterized in that: the operation mode of the post-expression micro-network system in the step 1) comprises the following steps:
(101) when a user has a demand for purchasing and selling electric energy, issuing own transaction information through a block chain network;
(102) integrating the collected transaction information by the post-tabulation micro-network system, and calculating to obtain a market matching result;
(103) once the matching result is generated, the user can automatically sign up the chain in a contract form and can not change the chain, the transaction flow which is updated in real time is recorded in the block chain distributed book, and the transaction result contained in the contract is broadcasted to the whole microgrid system;
(104) and when a newly generated block contains transaction information of a corresponding address, the intelligent electric meter receives the block data, automatically executes a final transaction result in the post-table microgrid system, and all users have the right to check the detailed transaction information.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the microgrid system based on a blockchain is characterized in that: the transaction information includes the trading identity, the demand amount and the demand time.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the microgrid system based on a blockchain is characterized in that: the step 2) specifically comprises the following steps:
(201) all users accept the traditional power transmission and distribution mode, and the power demand generated by the conventional power load of the users is met by the public power grid;
(202) besides traditional electric equipment, each user has different investment on the distributed power supply;
(203) the electric energy transmitted before the user needs to use the electric meter at some time is equivalent to the conventional load user, when the distributed power supply configured by the user can supply power, the user selects to supply the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply to the conventional load of the user or sell redundant electric energy generated by the power supply, the construction cost of the user is filled, the benefit is obtained, and the users with other useful electricity demands can also apply for purchasing the electric energy generated by the distributed power supply so as to reduce the electricity consumption cost of the user;
(204) and after matching is successful, the system carries out electric energy transmission according to the transaction result.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the microgrid system based on a blockchain is characterized in that: the energy block in the step 3) is a bilateral electric quantity contract, and the energy block issued by the user can be split into a plurality of energy blocks.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the microgrid system based on a blockchain is characterized in that: the trading mechanism in the step 3) is that the user can issue a request to the market at any time, the size and the starting and ending time of the energy block to be bought and sold are provided, after the market receives the request, the continuous dynamic matching is carried out according to the trading balance condition of each time period, and finally the trading result is returned.
7. As claimed in claim 1The block chain-based microgrid system design method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the optimization model in the step 3) comprises: equally dividing one day into 24 time slots, assuming that a market has D consumers and G suppliers, in a second microgrid system behind the table, a certain user can be used as both a consumer and a supplier, but only once transaction application is carried out within a certain time; during the transaction process, the user must issue the transaction within the range of the self load and the capacity of the device; the market receives the buying and selling demands of consumers and suppliers in real time, and energy blocks are matched at the starting moment of each time slot; let a certain time be t0The model is expressed as t0Next time slot of
Figure FDA0002776342660000021
In order to optimize the starting time, the T time slot is used as the optimization ending time, and the social welfare is maximized to be an objective function.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the microgrid system based on a blockchain is characterized in that: the energy blocks include buy/sell, start and stop times, price and quantity.
9. The method for designing the microgrid system based on the block chain according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the distributed power supply comprises a photovoltaic panel, an energy storage device and an electric automobile charging pile.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the microgrid system based on a blockchain is characterized in that: the energy block single-day transaction algorithm flow specifically comprises the following steps: the second micro-grid system behind the meter reads the current real-time and initializes the time t0And then, the second microgrid system behind the table receives a new transaction request in real time until the next time slot is reached
Figure FDA0002776342660000022
At the initial moment
Figure FDA0002776342660000023
Starting to execute optimization, and solving to generate Ed,g,tI.e. all the energy block trades matched within T time between D consumers and G suppliers, then for Ed,g,tSlicing and selecting
Figure FDA0002776342660000024
The matching amount of the time slot is a final result, all transactions in the time slot are packaged, information such as transaction time, transaction parties, transaction amount, transaction price and the like is uploaded to a block chain network, a new block is generated, and the new block is broadcasted to all users; while
Figure FDA0002776342660000025
Amount of match to T time
Figure FDA0002776342660000026
...,ed,g,T-1,ed,g,TTemporarily keeping, if no other user issues a transaction request before the time corresponding to the matching amount, taking the transaction request as a final result, otherwise, when a new transaction request occurs, carrying out optimization calculation again to generate a new matching amount until the new matching amount is generated
Figure FDA0002776342660000027
And then, completing the market transaction of the single-day energy block.
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