CN112363381A - Chip atomic clock based on vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber and implementation method - Google Patents
Chip atomic clock based on vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber and implementation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112363381A CN112363381A CN202011294671.5A CN202011294671A CN112363381A CN 112363381 A CN112363381 A CN 112363381A CN 202011294671 A CN202011294671 A CN 202011294671A CN 112363381 A CN112363381 A CN 112363381A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gas chamber
- atomic
- circuit system
- frequency
- vacuum heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 152
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical group [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical group [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical group [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000889 permalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000007511 glassblowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
- G04F5/145—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks using Coherent Population Trapping
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a chip atomic clock based on a vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber and an implementation method thereof, wherein the chip atomic clock comprises: the laser comprises a 795nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL, a quarter wave plate, a vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber, a magnetic field and temperature control device, a photoelectric detector and a comprehensive circuit system; the integrated circuit system comprises a microwave source, a servo circuit system and a crystal oscillator. The VCSEL is connected with a quarter-wave plate; laser emitted by the VCSEL generates frequency-modulated multicolor circularly polarized light through a quarter-wave plate, and the frequency-modulated multicolor circularly polarized light interacts with atoms in a vacuum heat-insulating micro-atom air chamber provided with a magnetic field and a temperature control device to generate a coherent population trapping resonance signal; the photoelectric detector detects a layout number imprisoning resonance signal and sends the imprisoning resonance signal to the integrated circuit system; and the servo circuit system in the integrated circuit system feeds back the number of the arranged caged resonance signals to a crystal oscillator in the integrated circuit system, so that a standard frequency signal is output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of small atomic frequency standards, relates to a rubidium atom chip atomic clock, and particularly relates to a chip atomic clock based on a vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber and an implementation method thereof.
Background
Atomic clocks are the most accurate timing instrument and frequency standard at present, and have wide application in the fields of navigation positioning, astronomical observation, precision instrument and meter accuracy measurement, geophysical exploration and the like. The traditional atomic clock has large volume and large power consumption, so that the application development of the traditional atomic clock in the above fields is limited. Compared with the traditional atomic clock, the chip atomic clock has the advantages of small volume, low power consumption and low cost, can be applied to the fields of GPS systems, portable communication navigation equipment, small unmanned aerial vehicles and the like, and is an atomic clock with great development prospect.
The chip atomic clock system consists of laser, a physical system and a circuit system, the vibration frequency of the chip atomic clock system is determined by the transition frequency of the atomic hyperfine energy level, so that the high-precision characteristic of an atomic frequency standard is ensured to a certain extent, and the frequency stability of the chip atomic clock system is higher than the precision of the current crystal oscillator by several orders of magnitude. The high stability characteristic is mainly determined by the characteristic of a physical system, the physical system provides an atomic resonance absorption line with stable frequency and narrow line width for the whole frequency locking loop as a quantum reference, and the atomic resonance absorption line is a core component of the whole chip atomic clock and is also the key for determining the performance of the chip atomic clock. The signal-to-noise ratio of the chip atomic clock atomic signal is mainly influenced by the environmental factors of the atomic vapor chamber, and particularly, the micro atomic vapor chamber adaptive to the chip atomic clock atomic signal is inevitably processed and manufactured along with the trends of reduction of power consumption, reduction of volume and weight reduction of the chip atomic clock.
The atomic gas chamber of the existing chip atomic clock mostly adopts a single-layer atomic vapor chamber prepared by a glass blowing method and a micro-electromechanical system hyperfine processing method, and is filled with alkali metal atoms and rare gas, and under the condition that the external heat change of the micro atomic gas chamber is the same, the specific heat capacity of the atoms in the gas chamber is constant, so that the smaller the volume of the micro gas chamber is, the more the temperature of the atoms is increased. Then the temperature drift of atoms in the gas chamber can be caused by the micro heat fluctuation outside the gas chamber, the transition frequency drift of the clock is caused, the improvement of the long-term frequency stability in the chip atomic clock is further limited, and the problem of the temperature drift of the miniature atom gas chamber is improved by a new structure. If the temperature stability of the atomic vapor chamber can be improved, the frequency stability of the chip atomic clock can be improved by several orders of magnitude on the existing basis.
The single-layer alkali metal atom bubbles in the coherent population trapping atomic clock disclosed by the Chinese invention patent (201010248337) have poor thermal isolation effect, and the temperature fluctuation outside the gas chamber is easy to cause the temperature drift of atoms in the gas chamber, so that the medium-and-long-term frequency stability index of the coherent population trapping atomic clock is limited; the Chinese patent application 201711235817 discloses that the temperature drift of the gas chamber is reduced and eliminated by the overall average of independent bubble parameters among a large number of micro atomic bubbles with extremely small sizes in the atomic gas chamber based on the compound eye type stacked dense multi-bubble structure; in the atomic oscillator disclosed in patent JP2017011680A, a method for controlling the temperature of the atomic gas cell is a control structure in which a plurality of temperature measuring elements are provided outside the alkali metal gas cell, and the temperature difference between the temperature measuring elements is used to suppress the temperature change of the atoms in the gas cell caused by the change of the ambient temperature.
The single-layer atomic gas chamber adopted in the prior art has strong thermal conductivity and poor heat insulation effect, and the temperature fluctuation outside the gas chamber can cause the temperature drift of atoms in the gas chamber, thereby influencing the drift of clock transition frequency and limiting the further improvement of the stability index of the middle and long-term frequency of the chip atomic clock.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, aiming at the problem of clock transition frequency drift caused by the heat insulation difference of a single-layer atom gas chamber in a bubble type chip atomic clock, the invention provides the chip atomic clock based on the vacuum heat insulation micro atom gas chamber, and the medium-long frequency stability index of the coherent population trapping rubidium atom chip atomic clock is further improved on the basis of ensuring the volume, the power consumption and the stability of the coherent population trapping rubidium atom chip atomic clock.
In the invention, the heat preservation principle of the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber is the same as that of a thermos bottle and a vacuum cup, and the heat exchange between the inside and the outside of the gas chamber is cut off by utilizing the vacuum layer between the two gas chambers, so that the temperature stability of atoms in the gas chamber is ensured. The chip atomic clock based on the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber adopts the following technology: on one hand, the single-layer atomic vapor chamber prepared by the existing quartz glass blowing method and the superfine processing method of a micro-electromechanical system is improved into a vacuum heat-insulation micro atomic gas chamber, the temperature drift of atoms in the gas chamber is inhibited in a mode of vacuumizing between two layers of the vacuum heat-insulation micro atomic gas chamber, and the two layers of gas chambers are connected and fastened into a whole by utilizing a support column between the inner layer gas chamber and the outer layer gas chamber, so that the mechanical vibration of the atomic vapor chamber is reduced, and the frequency stability of the chip atomic clock is further improved. On the other hand, the invention directly adopts glass fiber reinforced plastic, high borosilicate glass, quartz glass or organic glass with very low heat conductivity and gas leakage rate as the gas chamber material of the vacuum heat-insulating micro atomic gas chamber, can reduce the heat conduction efficiency of the gas chamber and reduce the gas leakage rate of the gas chamber, improve the temperature stability and the atomic number stability of atoms in the gas chamber, increase the service life of the rubidium atom chip atomic clock, further improve the medium-long term frequency stability of the coherent population trapping rubidium atom chip atomic clock, and form the ultrahigh-performance coherent population trapping rubidium atom chip atomic clock.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a chip atomic clock based on a vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber comprises: 795nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL), quarter-wave plate, vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber, magnetic field and temperature control device, photoelectric detector and integrated circuit system. The integrated circuit system comprises a microwave source, a servo circuit system and a crystal oscillator.
A 795nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) is sequentially connected with a quarter-wave plate, a vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber, a photoelectric detector and a comprehensive circuit system; the emitted laser generates frequency-modulated multicolor circularly polarized light through a quarter-wave plate, the frequency-modulated multicolor circularly polarized light interacts with atoms in a vacuum heat-insulating micro-atom air chamber with a magnetic field and a temperature control device to generate coherent population trapping resonance signals, and the population trapping resonance signals are detected by a photoelectric detector and are sequentially sent to a comprehensive circuit system.
The magnetic field and temperature control device is arranged outside the vacuum heat insulation micro atom air chamber and is used for controlling the temperature of the vacuum heat insulation micro atom air chamber and shielding the influence of an external magnetic field on atoms in the vacuum heat insulation micro atom air chamber.
The 795nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) is used for generating frequency-modulated multicolor linearly polarized light under the drive of the integrated circuit system; the quarter-wave plate is used for adjusting a crystal axis to enable the polarization direction of the laser to form an included angle of 45 degrees and enable linearly polarized light to be converted into circularly polarized light; the vacuum heat-insulation micro atomic gas chamber is used for providing quantum frequency reference for coherent arrangement number trapping rubidium atom chip atomic clocks; the magnetic field and temperature control device is used for providing a magnetic field with certain strength for the atom gas chamber so as to separate the magnetic energy levels of the atoms and simultaneously carry out high-precision temperature control on the atoms; the photoelectric detector is used for detecting coherent population trapping resonance signals after the laser and atoms act, and sending the coherent population trapping resonance signals to the integrated circuit system; the integrated circuit system is used for providing a driving power supply for a 795nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL), and meanwhile, processing an input signal of the photoelectric detector and outputting a standard frequency signal.
The method comprises the steps that frequency-modulated multi-color linearly polarized light output by a 795nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) under the driving of a microwave source in an integrated circuit system passes through a quarter-wave plate to obtain frequency-modulated multi-color circularly polarized light, and then sequentially passes through a vacuum heat-insulating micro atomic gas chamber, light of positive and negative first-order side bands in the frequency-modulated multi-color circularly polarized light respectively excites 87Rb atomic ground state hyperfine energy level | Fg to be 1, mF to be 0 to excited state | Fe to be 2, mF to be +1> and ground state hyperfine energy level | Fg to be 2, mF to be 0 to excited state | Fe to be 2, and mF to be +1> in transition. The microwave frequency is scanned and the photodetector detects its signal. When the frequency difference of the positive-negative first-order side band light and the frequency difference between | Fg ═ 1, mF ═ 0> and | Fg ═ 2, and the frequency difference between mF ═ 0> are exactly equal, the photoelectric detector detects the coherent population trapping resonance signal, and sends the coherent population trapping resonance signal to the integrated circuit system, and the servo circuit system in the integrated circuit system feeds back the coherent population trapping resonance signal to the crystal oscillator in the integrated circuit system to output a standard frequency signal.
The vacuum heat insulation micro atomic air chamber comprises an inner rubidium atomic air chamber and an outer heat insulation vacuum air chamber, wherein the inner air chamber and the outer air chamber are vacuumized, heat exchange between the inner air chamber and the outer air chamber is cut off by utilizing a vacuum layer between the two air chambers, the temperature stability of atoms in the air chambers is ensured, the two air chambers are connected and fastened into a whole by utilizing a support column between the two air chambers, and rubidium atoms and buffer gas are filled in the inner rubidium atomic air chamber.
According to a preferred embodiment, the material of the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber of the chip atomic clock based on the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber can be glass fiber reinforced plastics, high borosilicate glass, quartz glass, organic glass and the like.
Preferably, the size of the shell of the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber in the chip atomic clock based on the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber is 0.9 mm to 5 mm, and the length of the gas charging and discharging pipe is 1 mm to 5 mm;
preferably, the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber in the chip atomic clock based on the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber can be cylindrical, square, spherical, hemispherical or the like;
preferably, the atoms filled in the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber in the chip atomic clock based on the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber can be rubidium atoms, cesium atoms, potassium atoms, calcium atoms and the like, and the buffer gas can be helium, argon, xenon, radon and other inert gases;
preferably, the heat-insulating layer of the vacuum heat-insulating micro atomic gas chamber in the chip atomic clock based on the vacuum heat-insulating micro atomic gas chamber can be aerogel, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, phenolic foam and the like, and the magnetic shielding layer can be permalloy, silicon steel, nickel-iron alloy and the like.
Preferably, in the chip atomic clock based on the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber, the light source adopts output light of a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) as pumping light, or adopts the VCSEL to output frequency-stabilized laser as pumping light, and the frequency stability of the light source can further improve the performance index of the chip atomic clock.
The invention also provides a method for realizing the chip atomic clock based on the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber, which comprises the following concrete implementation steps:
1) carrying out high-precision temperature control treatment on a 795nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL), and heating a vacuum heat-insulating miniature atom gas chamber to generate enough atom saturated vapor pressure in the atom gas chamber;
2) a microwave source in the integrated circuit system drives a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) to generate frequency-modulated multicolor linearly polarized light, the frequency-modulated multicolor linearly polarized light is obtained through a quarter-wave plate in sequence, and the diameter of a light spot covers a light through hole of a vacuum heat-insulation micro atomic gas chamber;
3) scanning microwave frequency, exciting 87Rb atom ground state hyperfine energy level | Fg ═ 1, mF ═ 0> to excited state | Fe ═ 2, mF ═ 1> and transition of ground state hyperfine energy level | Fg ═ 2, mF ═ 0> to excited state | Fe ═ 2, and mF ═ 1> respectively by frequency modulation multicolor circular polarized light positive and negative first-order side band light. When the microwave frequency enables the positive and negative first-order modulation sideband light and the transition of atoms from two ground state components to an excited state to be completely resonated, the atoms absorb less laser, the coherent dark state of the atoms is achieved, and a coherent layout imprisoned resonance signal is generated.
4) The photoelectric detector detects a coherent population trapping resonance signal, sends the coherent population trapping resonance signal to the integrated circuit system, and feeds back the coherent population trapping resonance signal to a crystal oscillator in the integrated circuit system to output a standard frequency signal.
In the step 2), the light passing surface of the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber can be plated with an antireflection film; in step 4), the photodetector may also be a photomultiplier tube.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the invention applies the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber to a coherent layout trapping rubidium atom chip atomic clock, and the main novelty and innovation bodies have the following aspects:
the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a single-layer atomic vapor chamber by using a quartz glass blowing method and a micro-electromechanical system hyperfine processing method, which is characterized in that a single-layer atomic vapor chamber manufactured by using the existing quartz glass blowing method and the existing micro-atomic vacuum chamber manufactured by using the micro-electromechanical system hyperfine processing method is improved into a vacuum heat-insulation micro-atomic gas chamber, the temperature drift of atoms in the gas chamber is inhibited in a mode of vacuumizing between the two layers of gas chambers of the micro-atomic vacuum chamber, compared with the prior art of trapping rubidium atom chip atomic clock by using a coherent layout number, the temperature stability of the micro-atomic vacuum chamber can be improved by three orders of magnitude, meanwhile, the two layers of gas chambers are connected and fastened into a whole by using a support column between the inner layer and the outer layer of gas chambers, the mechanical stability of the atomic vapor.
According to the invention, glass fiber reinforced plastic, high borosilicate glass, quartz glass or organic glass with very low heat conductivity and gas leakage rate are directly used as the gas chamber material of the vacuum heat-insulation micro atomic gas chamber, so that the heat conductivity efficiency of the gas chamber can be reduced, the gas leakage rate of the gas chamber can be reduced, the temperature stability and the atomic number stability of atoms in the gas chamber can be improved, the service life of the rubidium atom chip atomic clock can be prolonged, the medium-long term frequency stability of the coherent layout trapping rubidium atom chip atomic clock can be further improved, the drift rate can be reduced, and the high-performance coherent layout trapping rubidium atom chip atomic clock can be formed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip atomic clock based on a vacuum insulation micro atomic gas chamber provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the atomic gas cell structure of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the atomic gas cell structure of example 2;
wherein: the device comprises a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) with the wavelength of 1-795 nm, a quarter-wave plate with the wavelength of 2, a vacuum heat-insulation micro atomic gas chamber with the wavelength of 3, a magnetic field and temperature control device with the wavelength of 4, a photoelectric detector with the wavelength of 5, a comprehensive circuit system with the wavelength of 6, a cylindrical atomic gas chamber with the inner layer of 7, a cylindrical heat-insulation vacuum gas chamber with the outer layer of 8, a gas charging and discharging pipe with the wavelength of 9, a support with the wavelength of 10, a cubic atomic gas chamber with the inner layer of 11 and a cubic.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following descriptions.
The invention provides a coherent layout trapping rubidium atom chip atomic clock based on a vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber and an implementation method, wherein the coherent layout trapping rubidium atom chip atomic clock comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out high-precision temperature control treatment on a 795nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL), and heating a vacuum heat-insulating miniature atom gas chamber to generate enough atom saturated vapor pressure in the atom gas chamber;
2) a microwave source in the integrated circuit system drives a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) to generate frequency-modulated multicolor linearly polarized light, the frequency-modulated multicolor linearly polarized light is obtained through a quarter-wave plate in sequence, and the diameter of a light spot covers a light through hole of a vacuum heat-insulation micro atomic gas chamber;
3) scanning microwave frequency, exciting 87Rb atom ground state hyperfine energy level | Fg ═ 1, mF ═ 0> to excited state | Fe ═ 2, mF ═ 1> and transition of ground state hyperfine energy level | Fg ═ 2, mF ═ 0> to excited state | Fe ═ 2, and mF ═ 1> respectively by frequency modulation multicolor circular polarized light positive and negative first-order side band light. When the microwave frequency makes the positive and negative first order modulation sideband light and the transition of the atom from two ground state components to an excited state completely resonate, the atom absorbs less laser light and reaches the coherent dark state of the atom.
4) The photoelectric detector detects a coherent population trapping resonance signal, sends the coherent population trapping resonance signal to the integrated circuit system, and feeds back the coherent population trapping resonance signal to a crystal oscillator in the integrated circuit system to output a standard frequency signal.
As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention is implemented by using a vacuum-insulated micro atomic gas cell as an atomic gas cell of a coherent population trapping rubidium atomic chip atomic clock. The chip atomic clock system comprises a 795nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL)1, a quarter-wave plate 2, a vacuum heat-insulation micro atomic gas chamber 3, a magnetic field and temperature control device 4, a photoelectric detector 5 and a comprehensive circuit system 6.
The 795nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL)1 is driven by a microwave source in the integrated circuit system 6 to output frequency-modulated multi-color linearly polarized light, the frequency-modulated multi-color circularly polarized light is obtained through a quarter-wave plate 2, the frequency-modulated multi-color circularly polarized light sequentially passes through the vacuum heat-insulating micro atomic gas chamber 3, and first-order positive and negative band light in the frequency-modulated multi-color circularly polarized light respectively excites 87Rb atomic ground state hyperfine level | Fg ═ 1, mF ═ 0> to excited state | Fe ═ 2, mF ═ 1> and ground state hyperfine level | Fg ═ 2, mF ═ 0> to excited state | Fe ═ 2, and mF ═ 1 >. The microwave frequency is scanned and its signal is detected by the photodetector 5. When the frequency difference between the positive and negative first-order sideband light and the frequency difference between | Fg ═ 1, mF ═ 0> and | Fg ═ 2, and mF ═ 0> are exactly equal, the photodetector 5 detects the coherent population trapping resonance signal, and sends the coherent population trapping resonance signal to the integrated circuit system 6, and the servo circuit system in the integrated circuit system 6 feeds back the coherent population trapping resonance signal to the crystal oscillator in the integrated circuit system 6 to output a standard frequency signal.
Specifically, the vacuum insulation micro atomic gas chamber in the embodiment of the invention comprises an inner rubidium atom gas chamber and an outer insulation vacuum gas chamber, wherein the inner and outer gas chambers are vacuumized, the vacuum layer between the two gas chambers is used for stopping heat exchange between the inside and the outside of the gas chamber, the temperature stability of atoms in the gas chambers is ensured, meanwhile, the two gas chambers are connected and fastened into a whole by a support column between the two gas chambers, and rubidium atoms and buffer gas are filled in the inner rubidium atom gas chamber.
When the invention is implemented specifically, the magnetic field control device of the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber can be a Helmholtz coil or a solenoid coil, and the temperature control device comprises a heating material and a heat insulation material; and meanwhile, a magnetic shielding material with high magnetic conductivity can be arranged on the outer side of the magnetic field and temperature control device to reduce the influence of an external magnetic field on the quantum reference spectral line. The output light power of 795nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) can be adjusted by an optical attenuation sheet before entering a vacuum heat-insulating micro atomic gas chamber.
Example 1
The vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber shown in figure 2 is constructed, the outer layer cylindrical heat insulation vacuum gas chamber 82 is positioned at the outer side of the inner layer cylindrical atomic gas chamber 7, and the gas flushing and exhausting pipe 9 is arranged at the central position of the side surface of the cylinder and is used for filling atoms and buffer gas; two layers of quartz glass cylinders are connected and fastened into a whole by four pillars 10; wherein the four vertexes of the four pillars 4 are just four vertexes of a regular tetrahedron, the space between the two layers of cylindrical air chambers is vacuumized, and the circular end surfaces of the two layers of cylindrical air chambers are used as two optical windows of the air chambers.
Example 2
The vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber shown in figure 3 is constructed, the outer layer cube heat insulation vacuum gas chamber 122 is positioned at the outer side of the inner layer cube atomic gas chamber 11, the upper surface of the gas chamber is provided with air charging and discharging holes 9, the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively connected through a support column 10 to be fastened into a whole, the two layers of cube gas chambers are vacuumized, and two opposite side surfaces of the cube are used as two optical windows of the gas chamber.
The above examples are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the vacuum layer of the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber is used for cutting off the heat exchange between the inside and the outside of the gas chamber, the temperature stability of the gas chamber can be improved by three orders of magnitude, and the problems of limitation of the atomic temperature drift on the long-term frequency stability index and the frequency drift of the chip atomic clock are effectively solved. The method is suitable for the precise measurement of alkali metal atoms such as sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and the like, and is also suitable for the high-precision spectral distance measurement of other precisely measured atoms or molecules, such as iodine molecules. Such a structure of the atomic vapor chamber providing higher temperature stability is well known to those skilled in the art and thus will not be described in detail. Those skilled in the art should understand that they can make modifications, substitutions and improvements on the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the idea of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is subject to the limitation of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A chip atomic clock based on a vacuum insulation micro atomic gas chamber comprises: the laser comprises a 795nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL, a quarter wave plate, a vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber, a magnetic field and temperature control device, a photoelectric detector and a comprehensive circuit system; the integrated circuit system comprises a microwave source, a servo circuit system and a crystal oscillator;
the VCSEL is used for generating frequency-modulated multicolor linearly polarized light under the drive of the integrated circuit system; the quarter-wave plate is used for adjusting a crystal axis to enable the polarization direction of the laser to form an included angle of 45 degrees and enable linearly polarized light to be converted into circularly polarized light; the vacuum heat-insulation micro atomic gas chamber is used for providing quantum frequency reference for coherent arrangement number trapping rubidium atom chip atomic clocks; the magnetic field and temperature control device is used for providing a magnetic field with certain strength for the atom gas chamber, so that the magnetic energy levels of atoms are separated, and meanwhile, the atoms are subjected to high-precision temperature control; the photoelectric detector is used for detecting coherent population trapping resonance signals after the laser and atoms act, and sending the coherent population trapping resonance signals to the integrated circuit system; the integrated circuit system is used for providing a driving power supply for the VCSEL, processing an input signal of the photoelectric detector and outputting a standard frequency signal;
the VCSEL is connected with a quarter-wave plate; laser emitted by the VCSEL generates frequency-modulated multicolor circularly polarized light through a quarter-wave plate, and the frequency-modulated multicolor circularly polarized light interacts with atoms in a vacuum heat-insulating micro-atom air chamber provided with a magnetic field and a temperature control device to generate a coherent population trapping resonance signal; the photoelectric detector detects a layout number imprisoning resonance signal and sends the imprisoning resonance signal to the integrated circuit system; and the servo circuit system in the integrated circuit system feeds back the number of the arranged caged resonance signals to a crystal oscillator in the integrated circuit system, so that a standard frequency signal is output.
2. The chip atomic clock based on the vacuum insulation micro atomic gas chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the VCSEL is driven by a microwave source in the integrated circuit system to output frequency-modulated multi-color linearly polarized light, the frequency-modulated multi-color circularly polarized light is obtained through a quarter wave plate, and the frequency-modulated multi-color circularly polarized light passes through the vacuum insulation micro atomic gas chamber.
3. The chip atomic clock based on the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber as claimed in claim 2, wherein the light of positive and negative first-order side bands in the frequency-modulated multi-color circularly polarized light excites transitions from 87Rb atomic ground state hyperfine level | Fg ═ 1, mF ═ 0> to excited state | Fe ═ 2, mF ═ 1> and ground state hyperfine level | Fg ═ 2, mF ═ 0> to excited state | Fe ═ 2, mF ═ 1>, respectively; when the frequency difference between the positive and negative first-order side band light and the frequency difference between | Fg ═ 1, mF ═ 0> and | Fg ═ 2, and the frequency difference between mF ═ 0> are exactly equal, the photodetector detects a coherent population trapping resonance signal and sends the coherent population trapping resonance signal to the integrated circuit system.
4. The chip atomic clock based on the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber comprises an inner rubidium atomic gas chamber and an outer heat insulation vacuum gas chamber, and a vacuum is pumped between the inner gas chamber and the outer gas chamber; the heat exchange between the inside and the outside of the air chamber is cut off by the vacuum layer; meanwhile, the two air chambers are connected and fastened into a whole by utilizing the strut between the inner air chamber and the outer air chamber; the inner rubidium atom air chamber is filled with rubidium atoms and buffer gas.
5. The chip atomic clock based on the vacuum insulation micro atomic gas chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the vacuum insulation micro atomic gas chamber comprises: glass reinforced plastic, high borosilicate glass, quartz glass and organic glass; and/or the light-passing surface of the vacuum heat-insulation micro atomic gas chamber is plated with an antireflection film; and/or the photodetector is a photomultiplier tube.
6. The chip atomic clock based on the vacuum insulation micro atomic gas chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum insulation micro atomic gas chamber has a cylindrical shape; the size of the shell of the vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber is 0.9 mm to 5 mm, and the length of the gas charging and discharging pipe is 1 mm to 5 mm.
7. The chip atomic clock based on the vacuum insulation micro atomic gas chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum insulation micro atomic gas chamber is cylindrical, square, spherical or hemispherical.
8. The chip atomic clock based on the vacuum insulation micro atomic gas chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the atoms filled in the vacuum insulation micro atomic gas chamber are rubidium atoms, cesium atoms, potassium atoms or calcium atoms; the buffer gas is inert gas; the heat-insulating layer of the vacuum heat-insulating micro atomic air chamber is made of materials including aerogel, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane and phenolic foam; the magnetic shielding layer is made of permalloy, silicon steel and nickel-iron alloy.
9. The chip atomic clock based on the vacuum insulation micro atomic gas chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the output light of the VCSEL is used as the pumping light, or the frequency-stabilized laser is used as the pumping light.
10. A method for realizing a chip atomic clock based on a vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out high-precision temperature control treatment on a VCSEL (vertical cavity surface emitting laser) with the wavelength of 795nm, and heating a vacuum heat-insulation micro atomic gas chamber to generate enough atomic saturated vapor pressure in the atomic gas chamber;
2) driving a VCSEL (vertical cavity surface emitting laser) to generate frequency-modulated multicolor linearly polarized light by a microwave source in the integrated circuit system, and obtaining the frequency-modulated multicolor circularly polarized light through a quarter-wave plate, wherein the diameter of a light spot covers a light through hole of the vacuum heat-insulation micro atomic gas chamber;
3) scanning microwave frequency, and exciting transitions from 87Rb atom ground state hyperfine energy level | Fg to 1, from 0> to 2, from +1> and from 2, from 0> to 2, and from +1> to 1, respectively, by frequency-modulated multi-color circularly polarized light positive and negative first-order side band light; when the microwave frequency enables the positive and negative first-order modulation sideband light and the transition of atoms from two ground state components to an excited state to be completely resonated, the atoms absorb less laser, the coherent dark state of the atoms is achieved, and a coherent layout imprisoned resonance signal is generated;
4) the coherent population trapping resonance signal is detected by the photoelectric detector, and is sent to the integrated circuit system, and a servo circuit system in the integrated circuit system feeds back the coherent population trapping resonance signal to a crystal oscillator in the integrated circuit system, so that a standard frequency signal is output.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011294671.5A CN112363381B (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Chip atomic clock based on vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber and implementation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011294671.5A CN112363381B (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Chip atomic clock based on vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber and implementation method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112363381A true CN112363381A (en) | 2021-02-12 |
| CN112363381B CN112363381B (en) | 2022-02-11 |
Family
ID=74533456
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011294671.5A Active CN112363381B (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Chip atomic clock based on vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber and implementation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112363381B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113176725A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-27 | 北京大学 | Laser chip atomic clock based on Kalman filtering and/or DFB and implementation method |
| CN113325686A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-31 | 温州激光与光电子协同创新中心 | Micro atomic clock physical unit applying spherical air chamber and spherical air chamber |
| CN114879472A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-08-09 | 清华大学 | Optical system of CPT atomic clock and CPT atomic clock |
| CN114967408A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-08-30 | 北京大学 | Chip atomic clock with complete machine vacuum package and implementation method thereof |
| CN116979955A (en) * | 2023-09-22 | 2023-10-31 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Air pressure isolation device for rubidium atomic frequency standard |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201118551Y (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2008-09-17 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Interference micro-wave radiation cold atomic clock |
| CN103837904A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-06-04 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Combination inertial sensor based on multi-component atom interferometer and measurement method of combination inertial sensor |
| CN104850001A (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2015-08-19 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Atomic cell, manufacturing method for atomic cell, quantum interference device, atomic oscillator, electronic apparatus, and moving object |
| WO2015145136A2 (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-10-01 | The University Of Birmingham | Controlled atom source |
| CN105467822A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-04-06 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Small CPT atomic clock physical system |
| CN108107707A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-01 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | A kind of atomic gas chamber and preparation method |
-
2020
- 2020-11-18 CN CN202011294671.5A patent/CN112363381B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201118551Y (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2008-09-17 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Interference micro-wave radiation cold atomic clock |
| CN104850001A (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2015-08-19 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Atomic cell, manufacturing method for atomic cell, quantum interference device, atomic oscillator, electronic apparatus, and moving object |
| CN103837904A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-06-04 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Combination inertial sensor based on multi-component atom interferometer and measurement method of combination inertial sensor |
| WO2015145136A2 (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-10-01 | The University Of Birmingham | Controlled atom source |
| CN105467822A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-04-06 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Small CPT atomic clock physical system |
| CN108107707A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-01 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | A kind of atomic gas chamber and preparation method |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113176725A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-27 | 北京大学 | Laser chip atomic clock based on Kalman filtering and/or DFB and implementation method |
| CN113176725B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2023-01-24 | 北京大学 | Laser chip atomic clock based on Kalman filtering and/or DFB and implementation method |
| CN113325686A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-31 | 温州激光与光电子协同创新中心 | Micro atomic clock physical unit applying spherical air chamber and spherical air chamber |
| CN114879472A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-08-09 | 清华大学 | Optical system of CPT atomic clock and CPT atomic clock |
| CN114967408A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-08-30 | 北京大学 | Chip atomic clock with complete machine vacuum package and implementation method thereof |
| CN114967408B (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2023-12-12 | 北京大学 | Chip atomic clock of whole machine vacuum package and implementation method thereof |
| CN116979955A (en) * | 2023-09-22 | 2023-10-31 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Air pressure isolation device for rubidium atomic frequency standard |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112363381B (en) | 2022-02-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN112363381B (en) | Chip atomic clock based on vacuum heat insulation micro atomic gas chamber and implementation method | |
| CN108844532B (en) | Microminiature nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope using oblique incidence detection light path | |
| US7965147B2 (en) | Physics package design for a cold atom primary frequency standard | |
| CN108667454B (en) | High-uniformity low-temperature-coefficient cavity bubble system | |
| CN103391097A (en) | Oscillating device and electronic apparatus | |
| CN112556677A (en) | Nuclear magnetic resonance atomic gyroscope based on multiple reflection cavities and implementation method | |
| CN103528580A (en) | Method for measuring rotating angle of aircraft based on nuclear magnetic resonance | |
| CN105372981A (en) | Caesium CPT atomic clock physical system | |
| JP2016092442A (en) | Manufacturing method of atom cell, atom cell, quantum interference device, atomic oscillator, electronic apparatus and movable body | |
| US9083363B2 (en) | Systems and methods for a cold atom frequency standard | |
| CN114005571A (en) | Quasi-one-dimensional cold atom source preparation device and method | |
| CN104296739B (en) | A kind of chip-scale nuclear magnetic resonance atomic gyroscope gauge outfit | |
| CN103941577A (en) | Atom gas cavity device with double reflectors and groove-shaped structure and manufacturing method thereof | |
| Knappe et al. | Atomic vapor cells for miniature frequency references | |
| Vessot | The atomic hydrogen maser oscillator | |
| CN105846820B (en) | A kind of double bulb apparatus of puppet for Rb atom frequency marking | |
| Xue et al. | Recent progress on quantum frequency standards at BIRMM | |
| CN112130444A (en) | Fountain type cold atomic clock | |
| EP4145231B1 (en) | A physical system of strontium optical clock applied for a space station | |
| JP2015122596A (en) | Gas cell, quantum interference device, atomic oscillator, electronic apparatus and mobile body | |
| CN101510779B (en) | Chip type rubidium filtering blobs | |
| CN112013828A (en) | Nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope with integrated pumping laser and atomic gas chamber | |
| US11156966B2 (en) | Quantum interference device | |
| CN111610711A (en) | Physical system of mini pulse laser pumping rubidium clock | |
| Hagmann | Cosmic neutrinos and their detection |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20231114 Address after: 201306 building C, No. 888, Huanhu West 2nd Road, Lingang New District, China (Shanghai) pilot Free Trade Zone, Pudong New Area, Shanghai Patentee after: Beijing Guoce (Shanghai) Quantum Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100871 No. 5, the Summer Palace Road, Beijing, Haidian District Patentee before: Peking University |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |