CN112362618A - Resonance angle adjustable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor - Google Patents
Resonance angle adjustable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112362618A CN112362618A CN202011308861.8A CN202011308861A CN112362618A CN 112362618 A CN112362618 A CN 112362618A CN 202011308861 A CN202011308861 A CN 202011308861A CN 112362618 A CN112362618 A CN 112362618A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
- G01N2021/4166—Methods effecting a waveguide mode enhancement through the property being measured
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of optical fiber sensors, and particularly relates to a resonance angle adjustable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor; the optical fiber SPR sensing probe comprises a supercontinuum light source, a sensing optical fiber, a light receiving optical fiber and a spectrometer, wherein the supercontinuum light source, the sensing optical fiber, the light receiving optical fiber and the spectrometer form a light path in sequence, the diameter of a fiber core of the light receiving optical fiber is larger than that of a fiber core of the sensing optical fiber (2), at least one spherical expansion body with the fiber core and the cladding with the larger diameter is arranged on the surface of the sensing optical fiber, a metal film is plated on the surface of the spherical expansion body or the rear surface of the spherical expansion body, a low-order mode in the fiber core of the spherical expansion body is changed into a high-order mode in the cladding, and a cladding type optical fiber SPR sensing probe is formed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical fiber sensors, and particularly relates to a resonance angle adjustable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor.
Background
The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor has the advantages of small volume, high sensitivity, electromagnetic radiation and interference resistance, capability of realizing remote measurement and the like, and is widely applied to the aspects of food safety, biomedicine, environmental monitoring and the like. The principle is as follows: when the light wave is emitted from the optical dense medium to the optical sparse medium, reflection and refraction occur at the interface of the two media, if the incident angle is larger than the critical angle, refraction does not occur, the energy of the reflected light wave is equal to that of the incident light wave, the phenomenon is called total reflection, when the total reflection occurs, the incident light irradiates the interface of the two media, the energy of the light wave is totally reflected back to the optical dense medium, but is not reflected back once at the interface, but penetrates through a thin layer in the optical sparse medium, the thickness is in the order of the wavelength of the light wave, the part of the penetrating electromagnetic wave is called evanescent wave, the evanescent wave excites surface plasma on the metal surface, the evanescent wave resonates with the metal surface plasma under certain conditions, at the moment, the energy of the reflected light is partially absorbed and reduced to form a resonant peak, when the refractive indexes of the optical sparse media are different, the shift of the resonance peak is the basic principle of the fiber SPR sensor for detecting the refractive index parameter of the medium to be detected (optically thinner medium).
The optical fiber sensor based on the SPR principle is divided into a fiber core SPR sensor and a cladding SPR sensor. The fiber core SPR sensor usually needs to corrode, grind and laterally polish a fiber core cladding layer to enable an evanescent field to leak for sensing, so that the optical fiber is difficult to process, and the mechanical strength of the optical fiber is reduced; the cladding SPR sensor is formed by coupling a low-order mode in a fiber core into a high-order mode through a tapering, a heterogeneous core structure and a fiber grating structure, and although the problem that the fiber core SPR sensor is difficult to process is solved, the problems that the mechanical strength of an optical fiber is reduced, and the resonance angle and the evanescent field strength are difficult to control also exist. In particular, the cladding SPR sensor has a wide application requirement in the fields of biomedicine, food safety detection and chemical detection, and thus the above problems need to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cladding-type optical fiber SPR sensor which is easy to process, and facilitates control of a resonance angle and an evanescent field strength without lowering a mechanical strength.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a technical scheme of a resonance angle adjustable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor, which comprises the following steps:
the spectrometer comprises a supercontinuum light source, a sensing optical fiber and a light receiving optical fiber which are equal in outer diameter, and a spectrometer, wherein one end of the sensing optical fiber is welded with one end of the light receiving optical fiber in a facing mode, the other end of the sensing optical fiber is connected with the supercontinuum light source, and the other end of the light receiving optical fiber is connected with the spectrometer; the light emitted by the super-continuum spectrum light source is received and transmitted by the sensing optical fiber, and the light receiving optical fiber receives light and transmits an optical signal to the spectrometer for signal acquisition and demodulation; the diameter of the fiber core of the light receiving fiber is larger than that of the fiber core of the sensing fiber, at least one spherical expansion body with the fiber core and the cladding with the larger diameter is arranged on the surface of the sensing fiber, the longitudinal diameter of the spherical expansion body is 125-400 mu m, the transverse diameter range can reach 0-2mm, a metal film is coated on the surface of the spherical expansion body or the surface of the cladding behind the spherical expansion body, and a low-order mode in the fiber core of the spherical expansion body is changed into a high-order mode in the cladding to form a cladding type fiber SPR sensing probe.
The sphere and the sphere are both spherical expansion bodies, the resonance angle is adjustable, compared with the traditional multimode fiber SPR sensor, the SPR resonance angle is fixed, the resonance angle is controlled through different longitudinal diameters of the spherical expansion bodies, so that the range of resonance wavelength is controlled, the strength from a fiber core mode to a cladding mode is changed through changing the transverse diameter of the spherical expansion bodies and the number of the spherical expansion bodies, the resonance valley depth is controlled, and finally the wavelength division multiplexing multichannel fiber SPR sensor is realized.
Preferably, the sensing fiber is a single mode fiber, a graded-index multimode fiber or a step-index multimode fiber. The light-receiving optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber, the diameter of a cladding is 125 mu m, the diameter of a fiber core is 50 mu m to 125 mu m, and the refractive index of the fiber core can be in a gradual change type or a step type.
Preferably, the wavelength range of the supercontinuum light source covers a wave band of 500nm to 1000nm
Preferably, the sensing fiber can be coated at a position 2cm behind the sphere, and a low-order mode in the fiber core is changed into a high-order mode to the cladding when being transmitted to the spherical structure, so that a cladding type fiber SPR probe is formed; the metal film can also be plated on the ball, the range of the resonance wavelength can be controlled by controlling the longitudinal diameter of the ball to control the resonance angle, and the depth of the resonance valley can be controlled by changing the transverse diameter of the ball and the number of the balls to change the intensity from the core mode to the cladding mode.
As a preferable scheme, the optical fiber SPR sensor can be directly encapsulated with the spherical optical fiber by PDMS, pouring sealant, ultraviolet curing glue or other polymers, and not only provides powerful encapsulation, but also provides background refractive index for temperature sensing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention makes balls with different sizes or balls with different numbers on the optical fiber, so that light is changed from a low-order mode in a fiber core to a high-order mode in a cladding, and a metal film can be plated on the balls or behind the balls to form a cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor; the optical fiber SPR resonance angle is controlled by adjusting the longitudinal diameter of the ball so as to adjust the working range of the resonance wavelength, the transverse diameter of the ball and the size from the fiber core mode to the cladding mode intensity of the ball are changed, so that the resonance valley depth is controlled, the sensitivity is adjusted, and finally the wavelength division multiplexing multi-channel optical fiber SPR sensor is realized. The difficult operation process and complicated processing equipment in the existing optical fiber SPR sensor, such as a tapered type, an etching type, an end face grinding type and a grating type optical fiber SPR sensor, are avoided, and the optical fiber cladding is not required to be removed, so that the optical fiber is not damaged, and the strength of the optical fiber is not damaged;
additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall composition of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of post-ball coating;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the AA ', BB' and CC 'planes of FIG. 2, wherein (a) is a cross-sectional view of a single-mode optical fiber corresponding to the AA' plane; FIG. (b) is a cross-sectional view of a spherical structure of a single-mode optical fiber, corresponding to the BB' plane; FIG. (c) is a cross-sectional view of a step-multimode fiber corresponding to the CC' plane;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a coating on a ball;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of sensors of different longitudinal diameters;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a sensor of different transverse diameters;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a dual channel SPR sensor;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a plurality of ball sensors in series.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to FIG. 1, the reference numbers in the drawings denote: the device comprises a supercontinuum light source 1, a sensing optical fiber 2, a light injection optical fiber 3 and a spectrometer 4.
The invention relates to a resonance angle adjustable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein a wavelength range of a supercontinuum light source 1 needs to cover a wave band of 500nm to 1000nm, and the supercontinuum light source can be a halogen lamp wide-spectrum light source. The sensing fiber 2 may be a single mode fiber, or may be a graded-index multimode fiber or a step-index multimode fiber. The light receiving fiber 3 is a multimode fiber, the diameter of a cladding is 125 μm, the diameter of a core is 50 μm to 125 μm, and the refractive index of the core can be in a gradual change type or a step type.
The concrete connection mode is as follows: the sensing optical fiber 2 is welded with the light receiving optical fiber 3 in a facing way, the other end of the sensing optical fiber 2 is connected with the super-continuum spectrum light source 1, and the other end of the light receiving optical fiber 3 is connected with the spectrometer 4. The light emitted by the super-continuum spectrum light source 1 is received and transmitted by the sensing optical fiber 2, the step multimode optical fiber with larger diameter is used as a light receiving optical fiber 3 for receiving light, and an optical signal is transmitted to the spectrometer 4 for signal acquisition and demodulation; the manufactured SPR sensing probe is placed in a liquid environment to be detected, and the SPR resonance wavelength demodulated by the spectrometer 4 can be used for detecting the refractive index of the liquid.
The specific manufacturing method comprises the following steps: taking a single-mode optical fiber as an example, the steps are as follows:
s1 is prepared by taking a section of single-mode fiber with enough length, 8 μm core diameter and 125 μm cladding diameter, stripping 5cm coating layer from one end of the single-mode fiber with Miller' S tongs, wiping with non-woven fabric dipped with alcohol, placing the bare fiber stripped coating layer into left and right fiber holders with controllable position and movement, placing discharge electrode in the middle and fiber pelletizer with container for holding spark machine oil, placing spark machine oil in the fiber pelletizer with low viscosity, high boiling point, good insulation and high safety, placing the fiber in a rotatable fiber holder, placing the bare fiber in spark machine oil, wherein the rotatable fiber holder has certain thrust during discharging to make the bare fiber rotate and be heated uniformly during heating, and making the fiber be pelletized uniformly by buoyancy of oil, the discharging power range is 10-100w, preferably 65w, the discharging time range is 0-100S, the diameter of the ball is increased along with the increase of the discharge times by discharging the bare fiber for multiple times, then taking out the optical fiber after the ball manufacturing is finished, cutting the optical fiber with the length of 2cm behind the ball by a fixed length cutting device to be used as a sensing area, and wiping the optical fiber with alcohol after the other end is cut flat for standby;
s2, taking a section of 50 cm-long step multimode fiber (the diameter of a fiber core is 105 μm, the diameter of a cladding is 125 μm), flattening two ends of the fiber, wiping the fiber with alcohol, and placing the fiber aside for later use;
s3, one end of a prepared single-mode fiber sensing area with a spherical structure and one end of a step multimode fiber are welded in an automatic welding mode by a fiber welding machine, the sensing area is cleaned by alcohol after the welding is finished, the sensing area is arranged on a glass slide, the two ends of the sensing area are fixed by traceless glue, the sensing area is arranged in a small plasma sputtering instrument (ETD-2000, the external part is connected with a film thickness monitor), a ball is covered by the glass slide to avoid being plated with a gold film, the sensing area is annularly plated with a 50nm gold film after the ball, and the manufacture of the resonance angle adjustable cladding type fiber SPR sensor is finished;
s4 is connected according to the experimental device shown in figure 1, the sensing area plated with the gold film is placed in an environment solution (the refractive index is 1.333RIU-1.385RIU), when light emitted by the light source 1 passes through the spherical structure, a low-order mode in the fiber core of the optical fiber is changed into a high-order mode to be transmitted into the cladding, total reflection and surface plasma resonance of the transmitted light occur at the interface of the cladding and the metal film, the reflected light signal enters the spectrometer 4 through the step-index multi-mode light-receiving fiber 3 with the core diameter of 105μm, the spectrometer 4 collects and demodulates the transmitted reflection spectrum, the reflection spectrum data is stored, MATLAB simulation software is used for processing the data, the reflection spectrum curves of solutions with different refractive indexes can be obtained, and the quality condition of the sensor performance can be judged.
The longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of the ball and the number of the balls can be changed by controlling the discharge times and the relative positions of the optical fiber and the discharge electrode, and a metal film is plated on the ball or behind the ball to manufacture the resonance angle adjustable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor, for example, a gold film is plated on the ball in the figure 4, and the angle control is best. FIG. 5 shows the gold film plated on the back of the ball, which is easy to plate and has a slightly smaller light angle control range. The spherical expansion body of fig. 6 is an ellipsoid, and the gold film is plated behind the ellipsoid, so that the angle control range is minimum, but the optical fiber strength is maximum. Fig. 7 shows the case where two fiber SPR sensors are cascaded to achieve two-channel measurement at a time, the range of the resonance wavelength is controlled by controlling the longitudinal diameter of the sphere to control the resonance angle, the depth of the resonance valley is controlled by changing the transverse diameter of the sphere and the number of spheres as in fig. 8 to change the intensity of the evanescent field in the cladding, and finally the wavelength division multiplexing multi-channel fiber SPR sensor is achieved.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A resonance angle adjustable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor comprises a supercontinuum light source (1), a sensing optical fiber (2) and a light receiving optical fiber (3) which are equal in outer diameter, and a spectrometer (4), wherein one end of the sensing optical fiber (2) is just opposite to and welded with one end of the light receiving optical fiber (3), the other end of the sensing optical fiber (2) is connected with the supercontinuum light source (1), and the other end of the light receiving optical fiber (3) is connected with the spectrometer (4); the light emitted by the supercontinuum light source (1) is received and transmitted by the sensing optical fiber (2), and the light receiving optical fiber (3) receives light and transmits an optical signal to the spectrometer (4) for signal acquisition and demodulation; the method is characterized in that: the diameter of the fiber core of the light receiving fiber (3) is larger than that of the fiber core of the sensing fiber (2), at least one spherical expansion body with the fiber core and the cladding with the larger diameter is arranged on the surface of the sensing fiber (2), the longitudinal diameter of the spherical expansion body is 125-400 mu m, the transverse diameter range can reach 0-2mm, a metal film is plated on the surface of the spherical expansion body or the cladding behind the spherical expansion body, and a low-order mode in the fiber core of the spherical expansion body is changed into a high-order mode in the cladding, so that a cladding type fiber SPR sensing probe is formed.
2. A resonance angle tunable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the wavelength range of the super-continuum spectrum light source (1) covers a wave band of 500nm to 1000 nm.
3. A resonance angle tunable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the sensing optical fiber (2) is a single mode optical fiber, a gradient multimode optical fiber or a step-index multimode optical fiber.
4. A resonance angle tunable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the manufacturing method of the spherical expansion body on the sensing optical fiber (2) comprises the following steps: clamping two sides of a position, to be pelletized, of a bare fiber, immersing the bare fiber into a container filled with electric spark machine oil, and heating the position, to be pelletized, of the optical fiber by using a discharge arc, wherein the discharge power range is 10-100w, and the discharge time range is 0-100 s; b, applying thrust to two ends of the optical fiber to form balls with different longitudinal diameters; c, by changing the relative positions of the fiber clamping position and the discharge electrode, a plurality of continuous balls or balls with different transverse diameters are manufactured.
5. A resonance angle tunable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the light-receiving optical fiber (3) is a multimode optical fiber, the diameter of a cladding is 125 mu m, the diameter of a fiber core is 50 mu m to 125 mu m, and the refractive index of the fiber core is in a gradual change type or a step type.
6. A resonance angle tunable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the sensing optical fiber (2) is coated at a position 2cm behind the ball.
7. A resonance angle tunable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the surface of the optical fiber SPR sensor is wrapped by PDMS.
8. The resonance angle-tunable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor according to claim 4, wherein: in the step b, the positions of the optical fibers to be balled are uniformly heated by rotating the discharge arc or the optical fibers.
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| CN202011308861.8A CN112362618A (en) | 2020-11-19 | 2020-11-19 | Resonance angle adjustable cladding type optical fiber SPR sensor |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113310410A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-27 | 重庆三峡学院 | Gradient multimode optical fiber heterogeneous core structure two-dimensional gap sensor and manufacturing and calibrating method |
| CN113310411A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-27 | 重庆三峡学院 | Arc end surface coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber two-dimensional displacement sensor and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-11-19 CN CN202011308861.8A patent/CN112362618A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113310410A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-27 | 重庆三峡学院 | Gradient multimode optical fiber heterogeneous core structure two-dimensional gap sensor and manufacturing and calibrating method |
| CN113310411A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-27 | 重庆三峡学院 | Arc end surface coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber two-dimensional displacement sensor and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113310411B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2023-02-03 | 重庆三峡学院 | Arc end face coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber two-dimensional displacement sensor and manufacturing method thereof |
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