CN112362031B - Inclination angle sensor for landslide measurement and use method thereof - Google Patents
Inclination angle sensor for landslide measurement and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
- G01C9/18—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids
- G01C9/20—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids the indication being based on the inclination of the surface of a liquid relative to its container
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B13/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids
- G01B13/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种滑坡测量用倾角传感器及其使用方法,滑坡测量用倾角传感器包括筒状外壳,筒状外壳的内腔中装有液体,筒状外壳的筒口端连接有传感器座,传感器座上设置有CCD相机;滑坡测量用倾角传感器的使用方法包括:在可能发生滑坡的岩土体上钻孔;将滑坡测量用倾角传感器安装于测斜管上后放到钻孔底部;将所有传感器的数据线接到终端,得到初始角度数据;每隔一段时间再次接通电源并记录下所有传感器的输出数据,得到该时间段的实际角度数据;利用各个时间段测量到的实际角度数据计算得到整个滑坡体的水平位移。本发明解决了现有技术中采用电子罗盘测量含有铁磁干扰的滑坡体的滑坡位移时存在误差大甚至会得到错误的结果的技术问题。
The invention discloses an inclination sensor for landslide measurement and a method of using the same. The inclination sensor for landslide measurement comprises a cylindrical shell, the inner cavity of the cylindrical shell is filled with liquid, the cylinder mouth end of the cylindrical shell is connected with a sensor seat, and the sensor seat There is a CCD camera on the top; the method of using the inclination sensor for landslide measurement includes: drilling a hole in the rock and soil mass where landslides may occur; installing the inclination sensor for landslide measurement on the inclinometer pipe and placing it at the bottom of the drill hole; placing all the sensors Connect the data line of the sensor to the terminal to obtain the initial angle data; turn on the power again every time and record the output data of all sensors to obtain the actual angle data of the time period; use the actual angle data measured in each time period to calculate The horizontal displacement of the entire landslide mass. The invention solves the technical problem in the prior art that when the electronic compass is used to measure the landslide displacement of the landslide body containing ferromagnetic interference, there is a large error or even an erroneous result can be obtained.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及滑坡测量技术领域,特别涉及一种可对滑坡体的位移进行实时测量的传感器及其使用方法。The invention relates to the technical field of landslide measurement, in particular to a sensor capable of measuring the displacement of a landslide body in real time and a method of using the same.
背景技术Background technique
我国是滑坡灾害多发的国家。滑坡灾害常常造成人员伤亡、道路掩埋、房屋损毁等破坏性灾难,严重威胁着国家和人民的生命财产安全,因此,对滑坡深部位移进行实时监测至关重要。常见的滑坡位移监测方法中均是将多组角度或位移传感器埋入滑坡体内进行实时测量,利用测量数据进一步计算便可得到滑坡位移的实时变化情况,而此处所用的角度传感器基本上都是电子罗盘,电子罗盘在有电磁干扰的情况下会出现数据失真,而含有铁元素的岩石均会产生一定程度的电磁干扰,因此电子罗盘在含有铁元素的岩石中使用时会存在较大误差甚至得到错误的结果,因此急需研制一种能够满足上述地质条件下的倾角传感器。my country is a country prone to landslide disasters. Landslide disasters often cause casualties, road burial, house damage and other destructive disasters, which seriously threaten the safety of life and property of the country and the people. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the deep displacement of landslides in real time. In the common landslide displacement monitoring methods, multiple sets of angle or displacement sensors are embedded in the landslide body for real-time measurement, and the real-time changes in the landslide displacement can be obtained by further calculation using the measurement data. The angle sensors used here are basically Electronic compass, electronic compass will have data distortion in the case of electromagnetic interference, and rocks containing iron elements will produce a certain degree of electromagnetic interference, so when electronic compass is used in rocks containing iron elements, there will be large errors or even The wrong results are obtained, so it is urgent to develop a dip sensor that can meet the above geological conditions.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供一种滑坡测量用倾角传感器及其使用方法,以解决对含有铁磁干扰的滑坡体进行精确的角度测量的技术问题。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an inclination sensor for landslide measurement and a method of using the same, so as to solve the technical problem of accurately measuring the angle of a landslide body containing ferromagnetic interference.
本发明滑坡测量用倾角传感器,其包括筒状外壳,所述筒状外壳的内腔为圆柱形,筒状外壳的内腔中装有液体,筒状外壳的筒口端连接有传感器座,所述传感器座上设置有用于采集筒状外壳内腔中液体的液面图像的CCD相机,CCD相机的中心线与筒状外壳内腔的中心线重合。The inclination sensor for landslide measurement of the present invention comprises a cylindrical shell, the inner cavity of the cylindrical shell is cylindrical, the inner cavity of the cylindrical shell is filled with liquid, and the cylinder mouth end of the cylindrical shell is connected with a sensor seat, the The sensor seat is provided with a CCD camera for collecting the liquid level image of the liquid in the inner cavity of the cylindrical shell, and the center line of the CCD camera coincides with the center line of the inner cavity of the cylindrical shell.
进一步,所述传感器座的前部设置有套在CCD相机外以隔离筒状外壳内腔中液体的透明防护罩,所述传感器座的后部设置有密封端盖,所述密封端盖上设置有与CCD相机的数据线连接的电缆防水接头。Further, the front part of the sensor seat is provided with a transparent protective cover which is sleeved outside the CCD camera to isolate the liquid in the inner cavity of the cylindrical shell, the rear part of the sensor seat is provided with a sealing end cover, and the sealing end cover is provided with There is a cable waterproof connector to connect with the data cable of the CCD camera.
进一步,所述传感器座的中部设置有圆形台阶孔,所述CCD相机的前部伸出圆形台阶孔的前端,圆形台阶孔内设置有压在CCD相机后部上的底座,圆形台阶孔内还设置有压在底座上的压盖,所述压盖通过螺钉固定在传感器座上,底座的中部设置有圆锥孔,所述圆锥孔内设置有套在CCD相机的数据线上的锥形密封套,压盖的中部设置有顶在锥形密封套端面上的锥形凸台;所述密封端盖将圆形台阶孔的口部密封,且密封端盖和传感器座之间设置有第一O型密封圈,传感器座和筒状外壳的连接部之间设置有第二O形密封圈。Further, a circular stepped hole is arranged in the middle of the sensor seat, the front of the CCD camera protrudes from the front end of the circular stepped hole, and a base pressed on the rear of the CCD camera is arranged in the circular stepped hole. The stepped hole is also provided with a pressure cover pressed on the base, the pressure cover is fixed on the sensor base by screws, a conical hole is arranged in the middle of the base, and a conical hole is arranged in the conical hole, which is sleeved on the data line of the CCD camera. A conical sealing sleeve, the middle of the gland is provided with a conical boss on the end face of the conical sealing sleeve; the sealing end cap seals the mouth of the circular step hole, and is provided between the sealing end cap and the sensor seat There is a first O-ring, and a second O-ring is arranged between the sensor seat and the connection part of the cylindrical shell.
进一步,所述液体由水和防冻液构成。Further, the liquid is composed of water and antifreeze.
本发明滑坡测量用倾角传感器的使用方法,其包括以下步骤:The method of using the inclination sensor for landslide measurement of the present invention comprises the following steps:
①在可能发生滑坡的岩土体上钻孔;① Drilling holes in the rock and soil mass where landslides may occur;
②钻孔完成后提出钻杆,将滑坡测量用倾角传感器安装于测斜管上,安装完成后将测斜管下放到钻孔底部;② After the drilling is completed, lift the drill pipe, install the inclination sensor for landslide measurement on the inclinometer pipe, and lower the inclinometer pipe to the bottom of the drill hole after the installation is completed;
③利用与滑坡体相同的岩土将钻孔与测斜管之间的缝隙回填;③ Use the same rock and soil as the landslide body to backfill the gap between the borehole and the inclinometer pipe;
④将所有传感器的数据线接到终端,接通电源后记录下所有传感器的输出数据,得到初始角度数据,随后关闭电源;④Connect the data lines of all sensors to the terminal, record the output data of all sensors after turning on the power, get the initial angle data, and then turn off the power;
⑤每隔一段时间再次接通电源并记录下所有传感器的输出数据,得到该时间段的实际角度数据,随后关闭电源;⑤ Turn on the power again at regular intervals and record the output data of all sensors to obtain the actual angle data of the time period, and then turn off the power;
⑥利用各个时间段测量到的实际角度数据,并结合初始角度数据,计算得到整个滑坡体的水平位移。⑥Using the actual angle data measured in each time period and combining with the initial angle data, calculate the horizontal displacement of the entire landslide mass.
本发明的有益效果:Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明滑坡测量用倾角传感器及其使用方法,通过CCD相机对筒状外壳中的液体进行拍照并通过后续图像处理得液体边界,当传感器竖直放置时,液体边界为圆形,因此圆形代表没有发生倾斜;当传感器发生倾斜时,液体边界为椭圆形,通过后续图形处理可得椭圆的长轴,且倾斜角度不同则长轴值不同,据此可推算出传感器的倾斜角度,进而通过不同时刻的检测数据进行计算可得到滑坡位移的实时变化情况。The inclination sensor for landslide measurement of the present invention and the method of using the same, the liquid in the cylindrical casing is photographed by a CCD camera, and the liquid boundary is obtained through subsequent image processing. When the sensor is placed vertically, the liquid boundary is a circle, so the circle represents There is no tilt; when the sensor is tilted, the liquid boundary is an ellipse, and the long axis of the ellipse can be obtained through subsequent graphics processing, and the long axis value is different for different tilt angles. The real-time change of landslide displacement can be obtained by calculating the detected data at time.
本发明滑坡测量用倾角传感器及其使用方法不受电磁干扰影响,解决了现有技术中采用电子罗盘测量含有铁磁干扰的滑坡体的滑坡位移时存在误差大甚至会得到错误的结果的技术问题。The inclination sensor for landslide measurement and its using method of the present invention are not affected by electromagnetic interference, and solve the technical problem in the prior art that when the electronic compass is used to measure the landslide displacement of the landslide body containing ferromagnetic interference, there is a large error or even an erroneous result can be obtained .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实施例中滑坡测量用倾角传感器的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an inclination sensor for landslide measurement in an embodiment.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图所示,本实施例滑坡测量用倾角传感器包括筒状外壳1,所述筒状外壳的内腔2为圆柱形,筒状外壳的内腔中装有液体3,筒状外壳的筒口端连接有传感器座4,所述传感器座上设置有用于采集筒状外壳内腔中液体的液面图像的CCD相机5,CCD相机的中心线与筒状外壳内腔的中心线重合。As shown in the figure, the inclination sensor for landslide measurement in this embodiment includes a
本实施例中的筒状外壳由不锈钢材料制成,强度好,耐锈蚀性好,能保证传感器的使用寿命,当然在不同实施例中筒状外壳还可采用其材料制成。The cylindrical casing in this embodiment is made of stainless steel, which has good strength and corrosion resistance, and can ensure the service life of the sensor. Of course, the cylindrical casing can also be made of its material in different embodiments.
本实施例中滑坡测量用倾角传感器测量倾角的原理如下:The principle of measuring the inclination angle with the inclination sensor for landslide measurement in this embodiment is as follows:
当传感器竖直放置时,通过CCD相机对液体进行拍照并通过后续图像处理可得液面边界,由于竖直放置时传感器内的液面边界为圆形,因此圆形代表没有发生倾斜;当传感器发生倾斜时,通过10-CCD相机对液面进行拍照并通过后续图像处理可得液面边界,由于倾斜时液面边界为椭圆形,因此通过后续图形处理可得椭圆的长轴,且倾斜角度不同则长轴值不同,据此可推算出传感器的倾斜角度。When the sensor is placed vertically, the liquid surface boundary can be obtained by taking pictures of the liquid with a CCD camera and subsequent image processing. Since the liquid surface boundary in the sensor is circular when it is placed vertically, the circle represents no tilt; when the sensor is placed vertically When tilting occurs, the liquid surface is photographed by a 10-CCD camera and the liquid surface boundary can be obtained through subsequent image processing. Since the liquid surface boundary is elliptical when tilted, the long axis of the ellipse can be obtained through subsequent graphics processing, and the angle of inclination can be obtained. Different long axis values are different, according to which the tilt angle of the sensor can be calculated.
作为对上述实施例的改进,所述传感器座的前部设置有套在CCD相机外以隔离筒状外壳内腔中液体的透明防护罩6,所述传感器座的后部设置有密封端盖7,所述密封端盖上设置有与CCD相机的数据线连接的电缆防水接头8。本实施例的透明防护罩采用透明PVC制成,透光性好,不会影响CCD相机采集图像,当然在不同实施例中透明防护罩还可采用其它材料制成。通过透明防护罩隔离液体,可避免液体蒸汽损坏CCD相机。设置密封端盖7能对传感器座内的CCD相机起到保护作用。As an improvement to the above-mentioned embodiment, the front part of the sensor seat is provided with a transparent protective cover 6 which is sleeved outside the CCD camera to isolate the liquid in the inner cavity of the cylindrical shell, and the rear part of the sensor seat is provided with a sealing
作为对上述实施例的改进,所述传感器座的中部设置有圆形台阶孔,所述CCD相机的前部伸出圆形台阶孔的前端,圆形台阶孔内设置有压在CCD相机后部上的底座9,圆形台阶孔内还设置有压在底座上的压盖10,所述压盖通过螺钉固定在传感器座上,底座的中部设置有圆锥孔,所述圆锥孔内设置有套在CCD相机的数据线上的锥形密封套11,压盖的中部设置有顶在锥形密封套端面上的锥形凸台;所述密封端盖将圆形台阶孔的口部密封,且密封端盖和传感器座之间设置有第一O型密封圈12,传感器座和筒状外壳的连接部之间设置有第二O形密封圈13。本改进中,采用底座和压盖对CCD相机进行压紧固定,安装简单方便。并且通过设置锥形密封套、第一O型密封圈和第二密封圈进行防水密封,能避免水汽侵入损坏CCD相机,同时还能避免筒状外壳内的液体蒸发逃逸。As an improvement to the above-mentioned embodiment, a circular stepped hole is provided in the middle of the sensor base, the front of the CCD camera protrudes from the front end of the circular stepped hole, and a circular stepped hole is provided in the circular stepped hole, which is pressed against the rear of the CCD camera. The base 9 on the base, the circular stepped hole is also provided with a
作为对上述实施例得到改进,本实施例中筒状外壳内腔中的液体液体由水和防冻液构成,通过添加防冻液使得液体的凝点更低,使传感器适于在低温环境下使用。As an improvement to the above-mentioned embodiment, in this embodiment, the liquid in the inner cavity of the cylindrical shell is composed of water and antifreeze. By adding antifreeze, the freezing point of the liquid is lower, so that the sensor is suitable for use in a low temperature environment.
本实施例中滑坡测量用倾角传感器的使用方法包括以下步骤:The method of using the inclination sensor for landslide measurement in this embodiment includes the following steps:
①在可能发生滑坡的岩土体上钻孔;本实施例中钻孔深度到达基岩以下10米,当然在不同实施例中钻孔深度可根据需要调整。① Drilling holes on the rock and soil mass where landslides may occur; in this embodiment, the drilling depth reaches 10 meters below the bedrock. Of course, the drilling depth can be adjusted according to needs in different embodiments.
②钻孔完成后提出钻杆,将滑坡测量用倾角传感器安装于测斜管上,安装完成后将测斜管下放到钻孔底部。本实施例中测斜管上每隔3米安装一个滑坡测量用倾角传感器,当然在不同实施例中传感器的安装间隔距离及数量可更加需要调整。② After the drilling is completed, lift the drill pipe, install the inclination sensor for landslide measurement on the inclinometer pipe, and lower the inclinometer pipe to the bottom of the drill hole after the installation is completed. In this embodiment, an inclination sensor for landslide measurement is installed on the inclinometer pipe every 3 meters. Of course, in different embodiments, the installation interval and the number of sensors may need to be adjusted more.
③利用与滑坡体相同的岩土将钻孔与测斜管之间的缝隙回填。③ Use the same rock and soil as the landslide body to backfill the gap between the borehole and the inclinometer pipe.
④将所有传感器的数据线接到终端,接通电源后记录下所有传感器的输出数据,得到初始角度数据,随后关闭电源。④Connect the data lines of all sensors to the terminal, record the output data of all sensors after turning on the power, get the initial angle data, and then turn off the power.
⑤每隔一段时间再次接通电源并记录下所有传感器的输出数据,得到该时间段的实际角度数据,随后关闭电源。⑤ Turn on the power again at regular intervals and record the output data of all sensors to obtain the actual angle data of this time period, and then turn off the power.
⑥利用各个时间段测量到的实际角度数据,并结合初始角度数据,计算得到整个滑坡体的水平位移。⑥Using the actual angle data measured in each time period and combining with the initial angle data, calculate the horizontal displacement of the entire landslide mass.
本实施例中滑坡测量用倾角传感器及其使用方法不受电磁干扰影响,解决了现有技术中采用电子罗盘测量含有铁磁干扰的滑坡体的滑坡位移时存在误差大甚至会得到错误的结果的技术问题。In this embodiment, the inclination sensor for landslide measurement and its using method are not affected by electromagnetic interference, which solves the problem that in the prior art, when the electronic compass is used to measure the landslide displacement of the landslide body containing ferromagnetic interference, there is a large error or even an erroneous result can be obtained. technical problem.
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be Modifications or equivalent substitutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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