CN112361857B - Heat transfer enhancement method based on functional fluid coupling of fractal tree-shaped microchannel and phase-change microcapsule - Google Patents
Heat transfer enhancement method based on functional fluid coupling of fractal tree-shaped microchannel and phase-change microcapsule Download PDFInfo
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- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat transfer enhancement method based on functional fluid coupling of a fractal tree-shaped microchannel and a phase-change microcapsule, which comprises the following steps: determining the quantitative relation between the lengths of the heat sink main channel and the side channel; determining the quantitative relation between the widths of the heat sink main channel and the side channel; constructing a micro-channel heat sink; the structure of the microchannel heat sink comprises: the heat sink comprises an inlet, an outlet and a heat sink main channel, wherein the outlet and the heat sink main channel are communicated with the inlet; the heating plate is contacted with the bottom of the microchannel heat sink, and the heating plate is supplied with direct current; filling organic fillers in the phase-change microcapsules, and mixing the phase-change microcapsules with a carrier fluid to obtain a phase-change microcapsule functional fluid; driving the phase-change microcapsule functional fluid to flow through the fractal tree-shaped microchannel heat sink, and carrying out heat exchange on the phase-change microcapsule functional fluid and the wall surface of the microchannel heat sink; the invention can obviously reduce the temperature difference of the micro-channel heat sink wall surface; compared with a straight channel, the fractal microchannel heat sink has the advantage that the heat effective coefficient is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering technology application, and particularly relates to a fractal tree-shaped microchannel and phase change microcapsule functional fluid coupling-based heat transfer enhancement technology.
Background
Thermal management widely exists in the fields of military affairs, spaceflight, electronic systems in severe environment and the like. With the upgrading of the fields, more severe requirements are put on the weight reduction, reliability and efficient heat exchange of the heat management system. Heat exchange refers to transferring heat from a hot fluid to a cold fluid, and the heat flow density is also called heat flux, which refers to the heat energy passing through a certain area in unit time, and is a vector with directionality, and the unit of the heat flow density in the international unit system is joule/second. The existing heat exchange and heat transfer technology is difficult to process high heat flow density, and high-efficiency heat exchange is difficult to achieve when the high heat flow density is processed.
Aiming at the current situation, the invention provides a novel heat transfer enhancement technology based on fractal micro-channels and phase-change microcapsule functional fluid. The fractal structure is an effective design for improving the heat exchange capacity under the condition of ensuring the stable increase of the pressure drop, and the design idea of the fractal micro-channel heat exchange structure is to divide a large-diameter channel into a plurality of small-diameter secondary channels at a certain branch angle in each stage. Because the heat exchange coefficient in the channel is inversely proportional to the pipe diameter in the laminar flow process, the heat exchange coefficient of the small-diameter channel is larger than that of the large-diameter channel, and therefore the fractal micro-channel heat exchanger has higher heat exchange capacity under the condition of the same heat exchange area and heat exchange temperature difference. Specifically, the heat convection coefficient is increased by utilizing the high specific surface area of the microchannel and the high specific heat capacity and latent heat of the phase-change microcapsule functional fluid; a fractal micro-channel network is utilized to optimize a fluid flow path so as to improve the uniformity of the wall surface and reduce the pressure drop.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for enhancing heat transfer based on functional fluid coupling of fractal tree-shaped microchannels with phase-change microcapsules, comprising the steps of:
step one, according to a fractal theory, determining the quantitative relationship between the lengths of a heat sink main channel and a bypass channel as follows:
Lk+1＝Lkλ-1/α
wherein L isk+1Is the length of the next level of bypass, LkIs the length of the primary heat sink channel of the previous stage; λ is the number of side channels, α is the length fractal dimension, α is 1,2, …, N; k is fractal number, K is 0,1,2, …, N;
the quantitative relationship between the heat sink main channel and the bypass channel width is as follows:
Wk+1＝Wkλ-1/β
wherein, Wk+1Is the width, W, of the next-stage bypass channelkIs the width of the primary heat sink channel of the previous stage; β is the width fractal dimension, β ═ 1,2, …, N;
step two, constructing a micro-channel heat sink with specific fractal times, specific fractal dimension and specific size according to the fractal rule determined in the step one; the structure of the microchannel heat sink comprises: the heat sink comprises an inlet, an outlet and heat sink main channels, wherein the outlet and the heat sink main channels are communicated with the inlet, each heat sink main channel forms a side channel towards the next stage, and the included angle between each side channel and each heat sink main channel is 0-90 degrees; a heating plate is arranged at the bottom of the microchannel heat sink;
thirdly, the heating plate is contacted with the bottom of the microchannel heat sink, and the heating plate is supplied with power by direct current so as to realize the input of heat flux density;
filling organic fillers in the phase-change microcapsules, and then mixing the phase-change microcapsules with carrier fluid to obtain phase-change microcapsule functional fluid;
driving the phase change microcapsule functional fluid to flow through the fractal tree-shaped microchannel heat sink, wherein the phase change microcapsule functional fluid flows in from the inlet of the microchannel heat sink and flows out from the outlet of the microchannel, and the phase change microcapsule functional fluid exchanges heat with the wall surface of the microchannel heat sink;
step six, relevant variables such as fractal times, diameter of the micro-channel, flow of functional fluid, volume fraction of the phase-change microcapsule and the like are changed, processing of different heat flux densities is achieved, and temperature difference of the heat sink wall surface of the micro-channel is remarkably reduced; compared with a straight channel, the fractal microchannel heat sink has the advantage that the heat effective coefficient is obviously improved.
Preferably, the specific fractal dimension in the second step is 2 or more.
Preferably, the specific size in the second step is 500 μm or less.
Preferably, the heat flow density in the third step is 105W/m2～106W/m2。
Preferably, the diameter of the phase-change microcapsule in the fourth step is less than or equal to 20 μm.
Preferably, the mass flow range of the functional fluid in the step five is 2.5 multiplied by 10-5kg/s～5×10-5kg/s。
Preferably, the organic filler in the phase-change microcapsule in the fourth step may be one of hexadecane, n-pentadecane and paraffin.
Preferably, the volume fraction of the phase-change microcapsules in the sixth step is less than 30%.
Preferably, the material of the wall layer of the phase-change microcapsule is one of polystyrene, polyamide and urea resin; the carrier fluid is water.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: the invention discloses a heat transfer enhancement technology based on a fractal tree-shaped microchannel and a phase-change microcapsule functional fluid. The method utilizes the high specific surface area of the microchannel and the high specific heat capacity and latent heat of the phase-change microcapsule functional fluid to increase the heat convection coefficient; a fractal micro-channel network is utilized to optimize a fluid flow path so as to improve the uniformity of the wall surface and reduce the pressure drop. The heat transfer quantity can be controlled by changing fractal times, diameter of the micro-channel, volume flow, volume fraction of the phase-change microcapsule and the like. The technology can be used for high-efficiency heat exchange in the fields of military, aerospace, automobiles, electronic systems and the like. The results show that: according to the heat transfer enhancement method based on functional fluid coupling of the fractal tree-shaped microchannel and the phase-change microcapsule, the temperature difference of the wall surface of the microchannel heat sink can be less than 5K, and the heat availability factor can be increased by 40%.
The heat transfer enhancement technology based on the fractal tree-shaped microchannel and the phase-change microcapsule functional fluid can change the diameter of the channel, the flow of the functional fluid, the diameter of the phase-change microcapsule, the volume fraction and the like according to the target heat flow density and the temperature control range, is simple to operate and wide in application range, and can effectively solve the problem of high heat flow density in the fields of military affairs, aerospace, electronic systems and the like.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fractal microchannel and phase change microcapsule functional fluid-based transmission enhancement method according to the present invention, where the fractal number of heat sinks of the microchannel is 6;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the microchannel heat sink of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat sink main channel and two bypass channels according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the temperature distribution of the microchannel heat sink wall according to an embodiment of the invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
It is to be understood that in the description of the present invention, the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are used broadly, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, or a communication between two elements, and those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention specifically.
Further, in the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may be directly contacted with the first and second features, or indirectly contacted with the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
As shown in fig. 1-3: the invention relates to a heat transfer enhancement method based on functional fluid coupling of a fractal tree-shaped microchannel and a phase-change microcapsule, which comprises the following steps of:
step one, according to a fractal theory, determining the quantitative relationship between the lengths of a heat sink main channel and a bypass channel as follows:
Lk+1＝Lkλ-1/α
wherein L isk+1Is the length of the next level of bypass, LkIs the length of the primary heat sink channel of the previous stage; lambda is the number of the bypass channels, and alpha is the length fractal dimension; k is fractal times, and K is 6;
the quantitative relationship between the heat sink main channel and the bypass channel width is as follows:
Wk+1＝Wkλ-1/β
wherein, Wk+1Is the length of the next level of bypass, WkIs the width of the primary heat sink channel of the previous stage; beta is the width fractal dimension;
step two, constructing a micro-channel heat sink with specific fractal times, specific fractal dimension and specific size according to the fractal rule determined in the step one; as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the structure of the microchannel heat sink includes: the heat sink comprises an inlet 1, an outlet 2 and heat sink main channels 3, wherein the outlet 2 and the heat sink main channels are communicated with the inlet 1, each heat sink main channel 3 forms a bypass channel 4 towards the next stage, and the included angle between each bypass channel 4 and each heat sink main channel 3 is 90 degrees; a heating plate 5 is arranged at the bottom of the microchannel heat sink;
thirdly, the heating plate is contacted with the bottom of the microchannel heat sink, and the heating plate is supplied with power by direct current so as to realize the input of heat flux density;
filling organic fillers in the phase-change microcapsules, and then mixing the phase-change microcapsules with carrier fluid to obtain phase-change microcapsule functional fluid;
driving the phase change microcapsule functional fluid to flow through the fractal tree-shaped microchannel heat sink, wherein the phase change microcapsule functional fluid flows in from the inlet of the microchannel heat sink and flows out from the outlet of the microchannel, and the phase change microcapsule functional fluid exchanges heat with the wall surface of the microchannel heat sink;
step six, relevant variables such as fractal times, diameter of the micro-channel, flow of functional fluid, volume fraction of the phase-change microcapsule and the like are changed, processing of different heat flux densities is achieved, and temperature difference of the heat sink wall surface of the micro-channel is remarkably reduced; compared with a straight channel, the fractal microchannel heat sink has the advantage that the heat effective coefficient is obviously improved.
In the above technical solution, the specific fractal dimension in the second step is 2.
In the above technical solution, the specific size in the second step is not more than 500 μm.
In the above technical solution, the heat flux density range in the third step is 105W/m2～106W/m2。
In the above technical solution, the diameter of the phase change microcapsule in the fourth step is 20 μm.
In the above technical solution, the functional fluid mass flow range in the fifth step is 5 × 10-5kg/s。
In the above technical solution, the organic filler in the phase change microcapsule in the fourth step may be hexadecane.
In the above technical solution, the volume fraction of the phase-change microcapsule in the sixth step is less than 30%.
In the technical scheme, the material of the wall layer of the phase-change microcapsule is polystyrene; the carrier fluid is water.
Example (b):
setting the initial length of the micro-channel to be 5mm, the height of the cross section to be 0.2mm and the initial width to be 0.325mm, and obtaining the geometric dimensions of different thermal channels when the fractal frequency is 6 and the fractal dimension is 2 according to the fractal theory, which is shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 geometric dimensions of microchannels at different fractal times
| Number of fractal times | Height H (mm) | Width W (mm) | Length L (mm) |
| 0 | 0.2 | 0.325 | 5 |
| 1 | 0.2 | 0.258 | 3.536 |
| 2 | 0.2 | 0.205 | 2.5 |
| 3 | 0.2 | 0.163 | 1.768 |
| 4 | 0.2 | 0.129 | 1.25 |
| 5 | 0.2 | 0.102 | 0.884 |
| 6 | 0.2 | 0.0813 | 0.625 |
According to the relevant geometric dimension, a microchannel heat sink with the fractal number of 6 can be constructed, see fig. 1 and 2;
the outer diameter of the phase-change microcapsule is 20 μm, the phase-change temperature range is 296.15K-301.15K, and the related physical parameters are shown in Table 2; the organic filler filled in the phase-change microcapsule is a hexadecane solid, and after heat transfer, the solid hexadecane in the phase-change microcapsule is changed into liquid hexadecane;
TABLE 2 physical Properties of the Components of the phase Change microcapsule functional fluid
Mixing the phase-change microcapsules with distilled water to prepare functional fluid with the volume fraction of the phase-change microcapsules being 10%;
the mass flow of the phase-change microcapsule functional fluid is 5 multiplied by 10-5kg/s, and driving the heat exchange tube to pass through the microchannel heat sink and exchange heat with the wall surface of the microchannel heat sink tube; in fig. 1, the flow direction indicates the flow direction of the input heat flow density;
referring to fig. 4, the results of the related simulation show that: in this example, the microchannel heat sink maximum temperature is 321K and the minimum temperature is 314K by passing a phase change microcapsule functional fluid into the microchannel heat sink, and the microchannel heat sink pressure drop is 32.2 kPa.
The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A heat transfer enhancement method based on functional fluid coupling of a fractal tree-shaped microchannel and a phase-change microcapsule is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, according to a fractal theory, determining the quantitative relationship between the lengths of a heat sink main channel and a bypass channel as follows:
Lk+1＝Lkλ-1/α
wherein L isk+1Is the length of the next level of bypass, LkIs the length of the primary heat sink channel of the previous stage; λ is the number of side channels, α is the length fractal dimension, α is 1,2, …, N; k is fractal number, K is 0,1,2, …, N;
the quantitative relationship between the heat sink main channel and the bypass channel width is as follows:
Wk+1＝Wkλ-1/β
wherein, Wk+1Is the width, W, of the next-stage bypass channelkIs the width of the primary heat sink channel of the previous stage; β is the width fractal dimension, β ═ 1,2, …, N;
step two, constructing a micro-channel heat sink with specific fractal times, specific fractal dimension and specific size according to the fractal rule determined in the step one; the structure of the microchannel heat sink comprises: the heat sink comprises an inlet, an outlet and heat sink main channels, wherein the outlet and the heat sink main channels are communicated with the inlet, each heat sink main channel forms a side channel towards the next stage, and the included angle between each side channel and each heat sink main channel is 0-90 degrees; a heating plate is arranged at the bottom of the microchannel heat sink;
thirdly, the heating plate is contacted with the bottom of the microchannel heat sink, and the heating plate is supplied with power by direct current so as to realize the input of heat flux density;
filling organic fillers in the phase-change microcapsules, and then mixing the phase-change microcapsules with carrier fluid to obtain phase-change microcapsule functional fluid;
driving the phase change microcapsule functional fluid to flow through the fractal tree-shaped microchannel heat sink, wherein the phase change microcapsule functional fluid flows in from the inlet of the microchannel heat sink and flows out from the outlet of the microchannel, and the phase change microcapsule functional fluid exchanges heat with the wall surface of the microchannel heat sink;
and step six, changing related variables of fractal times, diameter of the micro-channel, flow of the functional fluid and volume fraction of the phase-change microcapsules, and realizing treatment of different heat flow densities.
2. The method for enhancing heat transfer based on functional fluid coupling of the fractal tree-shaped microchannel and the phase-change microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the specific fractal dimension in the second step is greater than or equal to 2.
3. The method for enhancing heat transfer based on functional fluid coupling of fractal tree-shaped microchannels and phase-change microcapsules of claim 1, wherein the specific size in the second step is 500 μm or less.
4. The method for enhancing heat transfer based on functional fluid coupling of fractal tree-shaped micro-channels and phase-change microcapsules of claim 1, wherein the heat flow density in the third step is 105W/m2～106W/m2。
5. The fractal tree-shaped microchannel and phase change microcapsule functional fluid coupling based heat transfer enhancement method of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the phase change microcapsule in the fourth step is less than or equal to 20 μm.
6. The method for enhancing heat transfer of claim 1 based on functional fluid coupling of fractal tree-shaped microchannels and phase-change microcapsules, wherein the mass flow range of the functional fluid in the fifth step is 2.5 x 10-5kg/s～5×10-5kg/s。
7. The method for enhancing heat transfer based on functional fluid coupling of fractal tree-shaped micro-channels and phase-change microcapsules of claim 1, wherein the organic filler in the phase-change microcapsules in the fourth step is one of hexadecane, n-pentadecane and paraffin.
8. The method for enhancing heat transfer based on functional fluid coupling of a fractal tree-shaped microchannel and a phase-change microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the volume fraction of the phase-change microcapsule in the sixth step is less than 30%.
9. The fractal tree-shaped microchannel and phase change microcapsule functional fluid coupling based heat transfer enhancement method of claim 1, wherein the material of the wall layer of the phase change microcapsule is one of polystyrene, polyamide and urea resin; the carrier fluid is water.
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