CN112359240B - Preparation method of ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy of directional array - Google Patents
Preparation method of ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy of directional array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A preparation method of a ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy with a directional array relates to a preparation method of a high-entropy alloy. The invention aims to solve the problem that the performance impact effect of the existing high-entropy alloy in a specific direction is poor. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing and ball milling; secondly, preprocessing a substrate; thirdly, preparing a prefabricated part; and fourthly, cladding to obtain the matrix of the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy with the directional array. The invention successfully prepares the ceramic phase enhanced high-entropy alloy coating of the directional array by using the magnetic field to assist the electron beam cladding, and effectively blocks the performance impact of the high-entropy alloy in a specific direction. The invention can obtain the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy with the directional array.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-entropy alloy.
Background
The high-entropy alloy is a complex metal solid solution, has no obvious solvent and solute components, and contains five or more elements. In general, solid solutions in high entropy alloys have three different crystal structures, face centered cubic, body centered cubic, and hexagonal close packed. Due to the uniqueness of the forming rule, the alloy has high hardness, good plasticity, good heat resistance and excellent corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to a plurality of key fields of machinery, metallurgy, aerospace and the like.
The ceramic particles are used as a reinforcing phase to be fused into the high-entropy alloy crystal grains, and the comprehensive performance of the high-entropy alloy is improved by utilizing the low density, high hardness, low friction coefficient, good red hardness and high-temperature creep resistance of the ceramic particles.
At present, the high-entropy alloy is applied to engineering more and more, and the performance impact in a specific direction is involved, such as abrasion, erosion, oxidation and the like. In order to solve the problems, the high-entropy alloy which enables the ceramic phase to have good interface bonding, uniform dispersion and directional array in the high-entropy alloy crystal grains is prepared, and the high-entropy alloy has good application prospect and industrial value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the performance impact effect of the existing high-entropy alloy in a specific direction is poor, and provides a preparation method of a directional array ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy.
A preparation method of a ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy with a directional array is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, mixing and ball milling:
uniformly mixing aluminum nitride powder, iron powder, chromium powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder and titanium powder to obtain mixed powder;
the molar ratio of aluminum nitride powder, iron powder, chromium powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder and titanium powder in the mixed powder in the first step is (1-4): 1-4;
secondly, placing the mixed powder into a ball milling tank, adding a mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol, cyclohexane, polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, carrying out wet ball milling, and drying to obtain ball-milled mixed powder;
secondly, matrix pretreatment:
carrying out sand blasting treatment on the matrix to obtain the matrix subjected to sand blasting;
thirdly, preparing a prefabricated part:
putting the mixed powder subjected to ball milling into a mould, applying pressure to obtain a prefabricated part, and placing the prefabricated part on the surface of the matrix subjected to sand blasting;
fourthly, cladding:
the method is characterized in that laser is used as an electron beam source, an electromagnetic field forming an angle of 45 degrees with a prefabricated part is applied under the conditions that the power is 1400-1600W, the scanning speed is 25-35 mm/s, the diameter of a circular light spot is 3-5 mm, and the inert gas atmosphere is protected, two copper plates are respectively connected with plus and minus 50-70V pulse voltage, the period is 2-5 s, the magnetic field intensity is 1T-2T, the distance between the two copper plates and the prefabricated part is 25-35 mm, the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of an electron beam are 40-60 degrees, the electron beam is clad along one end of the prefabricated part and the horizontal line at an angle of 40-60 degrees, the lap joint rate of each molten pool is 25-35 percent, and the molten pool is cooled in refrigeration equipment at-20-30 ℃ after cladding, so that the matrix of the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy with the directional array is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the ceramic phase enhanced high-entropy alloy coating of the directional array is successfully prepared by using magnetic field assisted electron beam cladding, and the performance impact of the high-entropy alloy in a specific direction is effectively prevented;
secondly, the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy coating of the directional array prepared on the surface of the TC4 alloy matrix can effectively improve the wear resistance of the matrix material, TiN particles growing in the directional array play a slow-release role in the wear impact in a specific direction, under the wear condition of 25 ℃ and 60min, the wear loss at a 45-degree angle is only 0.0093mg, and the wear loss of the TC4 alloy matrix is 0.0645mg, so that the wear resistance in the specific direction can be effectively improved;
the invention optimizes the electron beam cladding treatment, aims to generate the high-entropy alloy which enables the ceramic phase to have good interface bonding, uniform dispersion and directional array in the high-entropy alloy grains, improves the performance of the high-entropy alloy in a specific direction, prolongs the service life of the high-entropy alloy and expands the application field of the high-entropy alloy.
The invention can obtain the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy with the directional array.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of magnetic field assisted electron beam cladding in a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the periodic pulse voltage according to one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a back-scattered electron photograph of the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy in an oriented array on the surface of the substrate obtained in the first example;
FIG. 4 is a power spectrum of selected regions of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a friction coefficient curve, in FIG. 5, 1 is a wear curve of a TC4 alloy substrate, 2 is a wear curve of an oriented array of ceramic phase-enhanced high-entropy alloys on the surface of the substrate along an angle of 45 degrees obtained in accordance with example one, and 3 is a wear curve of an oriented array of ceramic phase-enhanced high-entropy alloys on the surface of the substrate along an angle of 90 degrees obtained in accordance with example one;
FIG. 6 is a bar graph of the amount of wear, where 1 is the amount of wear of the TC4 alloy substrate, 2 is the amount of wear along an angle of 45 ° for the oriented array of ceramic phase-reinforced high-entropy alloys on the surface of the substrate obtained in example one, and 3 is the amount of wear along an angle of 90 ° for the oriented array of ceramic phase-reinforced high-entropy alloys on the surface of the substrate obtained in example one.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications and substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
According to the embodiment, metal powder is uniformly mixed through ball milling, the mixed powder is pressed into a prefabricated part, the prefabricated part is placed on the surface of a metal base material, the prefabricated part is cladded through electron beams, the directional array ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy is obtained, and in the cladding process, the prefabricated part is always under the protection state of argon and the action of an electromagnetic field.
The first embodiment is as follows: the preparation method of the oriented array ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, mixing and ball milling:
uniformly mixing aluminum nitride powder, iron powder, chromium powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder and titanium powder to obtain mixed powder;
the molar ratio of aluminum nitride powder, iron powder, chromium powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder and titanium powder in the mixed powder in the first step is (1-4): 1-4;
secondly, placing the mixed powder into a ball milling tank, adding a mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol, cyclohexane, polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, carrying out wet ball milling, and drying to obtain ball-milled mixed powder;
secondly, matrix pretreatment:
carrying out sand blasting treatment on the matrix to obtain the matrix subjected to sand blasting;
thirdly, preparing a prefabricated part:
putting the mixed powder subjected to ball milling into a mould, applying pressure to obtain a prefabricated part, and placing the prefabricated part on the surface of the matrix subjected to sand blasting;
fourthly, cladding:
the method is characterized in that laser is used as an electron beam source, an electromagnetic field forming an angle of 45 degrees with a prefabricated part is applied under the conditions that the power is 1400-1600W, the scanning speed is 25-35 mm/s, the diameter of a circular light spot is 3-5 mm, and the inert gas atmosphere is protected, two copper plates are respectively connected with plus and minus 50-70V pulse voltage, the period is 2-5 s, the magnetic field intensity is 1T-2T, the distance between the two copper plates and the prefabricated part is 25-35 mm, the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of an electron beam are 40-60 degrees, the electron beam is clad along one end of the prefabricated part and the horizontal line at an angle of 40-60 degrees, the lap joint rate of each molten pool is 25-35 percent, and the molten pool is cooled in refrigeration equipment at-20-30 ℃ after cladding, so that the matrix of the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy with the directional array is obtained.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows:
firstly, the ceramic phase enhanced high-entropy alloy coating of the directional array is successfully prepared by using magnetic field assisted electron beam cladding, and the performance impact of the high-entropy alloy in a specific direction is effectively prevented;
secondly, the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy coating of the directional array prepared on the surface of the TC4 alloy matrix can effectively improve the wear resistance of the matrix material, TiN particles growing in the directional array play a slow-release role in the wear impact in a specific direction, under the wear condition of 25 ℃ and 60min, the wear loss at a 45-degree angle is only 0.0093mg, and the wear loss of the TC4 alloy matrix is 0.0645mg, so that the wear resistance in the specific direction can be effectively improved by the embodiment;
the embodiment optimizes the electron beam cladding treatment, aims to generate the high-entropy alloy which enables the ceramic phase to have good interface bonding, uniform dispersion and directional array in the high-entropy alloy grains, improves the performance of the high-entropy alloy in a specific direction, prolongs the service life of the high-entropy alloy, and expands the application field of the high-entropy alloy.
The embodiment can obtain the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy with the directional array.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the present embodiment in that: the aluminum nitride powder, the iron powder, the chromium powder, the cobalt powder, the nickel powder and the titanium powder in the first step have the particle sizes of 100-200 mu m and the purity of 99.9 percent. Other steps are the same as in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the ball-material ratio of the wet ball milling in the step one is (3-5): 1, the ball-milling medium is a stainless steel ball, the diameter of the ball is 5-25 mm, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 300-400 r/min, and the ball-milling time is 1-3 h. The other steps are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is as follows: in the first step, the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the cyclohexane to the mixed liquid of the polyethylene glycol and the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 1:1 (2-3) to 1. The other steps are the same as those in the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is 1-3 h; the volume ratio of the mass of the mixed powder to the mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol, cyclohexane, polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone in the step one (40 g-60 g) is 300 mL. The other steps are the same as those in the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is as follows: the matrix in the second step is TC4 alloy; the length, width and height of the substrate are 70mm multiplied by 25mm multiplied by 10 mm. The other steps are the same as those in the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the sand used in the sand blasting treatment in the step two is 1 mm-4 mm quartz sand, the sand blasting pressure is 0.3 MPa-0.6 MPa, and the air supply amount is 2m2/min～4m2Min, the distance between the base body and the base body is 80 mm-120 mm, and the spraying angle is 40-50 degrees. The other steps are the same as those in the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to seventh embodiments is: putting the mixed powder after ball milling into a die, applying a pressure of 70-150 MPa by using a universal press machine to obtain a prefabricated part, and placing the prefabricated part on the surface of the matrix after sand blasting; the length, width and height of the prefabricated member are 60mm multiplied by 20mm multiplied by 1.5 mm. The other steps are the same as those in the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the difference between this embodiment and the first to eighth embodiments is: the inert gas in the fourth step is argon or nitrogen; the length, width and height of the two copper plates are 70mm multiplied by 30mm multiplied by 2 mm; the cooling temperature of the refrigeration equipment is-20 ℃ to-30 ℃. The other steps are the same as those in the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to ninth embodiments is as follows: and in the fourth step, laser is adopted as an electron beam source, an electromagnetic field forming an angle of 45 degrees with the prefabricated part is applied under the conditions that the power is 1400-1500W, the scanning speed is 25-30 mm/s, the diameter of a circular light spot is 3mm, and the inert gas atmosphere is protected, two copper plates are respectively connected with positive and negative 60V pulse voltages, the period is 2s, the magnetic field intensity is 1T, the distance between the copper plate and the prefabricated part is 25-30 mm, the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of an electron beam form 45 degrees, the electron beam forms cladding along one end of the prefabricated part and the horizontal line in the direction of 45 degrees, the lap joint rate of each molten pool is 25-30 percent, and after cladding, the molten pools are cooled in refrigeration equipment at the temperature of-20-30 ℃ to obtain the matrix of the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy with the directional array. The other steps are the same as those in the first to ninth embodiments.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows: a preparation method of a ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy with a directional array is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, mixing and ball milling:
uniformly mixing aluminum nitride powder, iron powder, chromium powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder and titanium powder to obtain mixed powder;
the molar ratio of aluminum nitride powder, iron powder, chromium powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder and titanium powder in the mixed powder in the first step is 2:2:2:2:2: 1;
the particle sizes of the aluminum nitride powder, the iron powder, the chromium powder, the cobalt powder, the nickel powder and the titanium powder in the first step are all 100-200 mu m, and the purity is 99.9%;
secondly, placing the mixed powder into a ball milling tank, adding a mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol, cyclohexane, polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, carrying out wet ball milling, and drying to obtain ball-milled mixed powder;
the drying temperature is 70 ℃, and the drying time is 2 hours;
the volume ratio of the mass of the mixed powder to the mixed liquid of absolute ethyl alcohol, cyclohexane, polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 50g:300 mL;
the ball-material ratio of the wet ball milling is 4:1, the ball-milling medium is a stainless steel ball, the diameter of the ball is 5 mm-25 mm, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 400r/min, and the ball-milling time is 1 h;
the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the cyclohexane to the polyethylene glycol to the polyvinylpyrrolidone in the mixed solution of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the cyclohexane to the polyethylene glycol to the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 1:1:2: 1;
secondly, matrix pretreatment:
carrying out sand blasting treatment on the TC4 alloy matrix to obtain a TC4 alloy matrix subjected to sand blasting;
the length, width, height and size of the TC4 alloy matrix are 70mm multiplied by 25mm multiplied by 10 mm;
the sand used in the sand blasting treatment in the step two is 1 mm-4 mm quartz sand, the sand blasting pressure is 0.5MPa, and the air supply is 3m2Min, the distance between the substrate and the substrate is 100mm, and the spraying angle is 45 degrees;
thirdly, preparing a prefabricated part:
putting the mixed powder subjected to ball milling into a die, applying 100MPa pressure by using a universal press machine to obtain a prefabricated part, and placing the prefabricated part on the surface of the TC4 alloy substrate subjected to sand blasting;
the length, width and height of the prefabricated member are 60mm multiplied by 20mm multiplied by 1.5 mm;
fourthly, cladding:
adopting laser as an electron beam source, applying an electromagnetic field forming an angle of 45 degrees with the prefabricated part under the conditions that the power is 1500W, the scanning speed is 30mm/s, the diameter of a circular light spot is 3mm and the inert gas atmosphere is protected, wherein the two copper plates are respectively connected with positive and negative 60V pulse voltage, the period is 2s, the magnetic field intensity is 1T, the distance between the two copper plates and the prefabricated part is 30mm, the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of an electron beam form 45 degrees, the electron beam is cladded along one end of the prefabricated part and the horizontal line at an angle of 45 degrees, the lap joint rate of each molten pool is 30 percent, and the molten pools are cooled in a refrigeration device after cladding to obtain a TC4 alloy matrix of the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy with a directional array;
the inert gas in the fourth step is argon; the length, width and height of the two copper plates are 70mm multiplied by 30mm multiplied by 2 mm; the cooling temperature of the freezing equipment is-20 ℃.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of magnetic field assisted electron beam cladding in a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the periodic pulse voltage according to one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a back-scattered electron photograph of the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy in an oriented array on the surface of the substrate obtained in the first example;
FIG. 4 is a spectrum of the ceramic phase enhanced high entropy alloy with directional array on the surface of the substrate obtained in the first embodiment;
from the energy spectrum analysis of fig. 3 to 4, it can be seen that the "cross" shaped particles are titanium nitride, grow at an angle of 45 ° with the matrix material, are directionally arranged on the high entropy alloy grains, and are well bonded with the grains.
The TC4 alloy matrix, the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy of the directional array on the surface of the matrix obtained in the first embodiment, and the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy of the directional array on the surface of the matrix obtained in the first embodiment are abraded along an angle of 45 degrees and an angle of 90 degrees, wherein the abrasion conditions are that the dry abrasion is carried out for 60min at the temperature of 25 ℃, and the abrasion conditions are shown in a figure 5 and a figure 6;
FIG. 5 is a friction coefficient curve, in FIG. 5, 1 is a wear curve of a TC4 alloy substrate, 2 is a wear curve of an oriented array of ceramic phase-enhanced high-entropy alloys on the surface of the substrate along an angle of 45 degrees obtained in accordance with example one, and 3 is a wear curve of an oriented array of ceramic phase-enhanced high-entropy alloys on the surface of the substrate along an angle of 90 degrees obtained in accordance with example one;
FIG. 6 is a bar graph of the amount of wear, where 1 is the amount of wear of the TC4 alloy substrate, 2 is the amount of wear along an angle of 45 ° for the oriented array of ceramic phase-reinforced high-entropy alloys on the surface of the substrate obtained in example one, and 3 is the amount of wear along an angle of 90 ° for the oriented array of ceramic phase-reinforced high-entropy alloys on the surface of the substrate obtained in example one.
It can be seen from figure 5 that the coefficient of friction wear at an angle of 45 deg. to the TC4 alloy matrix is significantly less than the coefficient of friction at an angle of 90 deg.,
as can be seen in FIG. 6, the abrasion loss at the 45-degree angle is 0.0093mg, the abrasion loss at the 90-degree angle is 0.0172mg, and the abrasion loss of the TC4 alloy matrix is 0.0645mg, so that the abrasion loss of the prepared ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy coating of the directional array is much smaller than that of the matrix material (TC4 alloy), the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy of the directional array can effectively improve the abrasion resistance of the matrix material, and TiN particles grown in the directional array play a slow-release role in abrasion impact in a specific direction.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a directional array ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy is characterized in that the preparation method of the directional array ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, mixing and ball milling:
uniformly mixing aluminum nitride powder, iron powder, chromium powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder and titanium powder to obtain mixed powder;
the molar ratio of aluminum nitride powder, iron powder, chromium powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder and titanium powder in the mixed powder in the first step is 2:2:2:2:2: 1;
the particle sizes of the aluminum nitride powder, the iron powder, the chromium powder, the cobalt powder, the nickel powder and the titanium powder in the first step are all 100-200 mu m, and the purity is 99.9%;
secondly, placing the mixed powder into a ball milling tank, adding a mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol, cyclohexane, polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, carrying out wet ball milling, and drying to obtain ball-milled mixed powder;
secondly, matrix pretreatment:
carrying out sand blasting treatment on the matrix to obtain the matrix subjected to sand blasting;
the matrix in the second step is TC4 alloy; the length, width and height of the substrate are 70mm multiplied by 25mm multiplied by 10 mm;
the sand used in the sand blasting treatment in the step two is 1 mm-4 mm quartz sand, the sand blasting pressure is 0.3 MPa-0.6 MPa, and the air supply amount is 2m2/min～4m2Min, the distance between the substrate and the substrate is 80 mm-120 mm, and the spraying angle is 40-50 degrees;
thirdly, preparing a prefabricated part:
putting the mixed powder subjected to ball milling into a mould, applying pressure to obtain a prefabricated part, and placing the prefabricated part on the surface of the matrix subjected to sand blasting;
fourthly, cladding:
the method is characterized in that laser is used as an electron beam source, an electromagnetic field forming an angle of 45 degrees with a prefabricated part is applied under the conditions that the power is 1400-1600W, the scanning speed is 25-35 mm/s, the diameter of a circular light spot is 3-5 mm, and the inert gas atmosphere is protected, two copper plates are respectively connected with plus and minus 50-70V pulse voltage, the period is 2-5 s, the magnetic field intensity is 1T-2T, the distance between the two copper plates and the prefabricated part is 25-35 mm, the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of an electron beam are 40-60 degrees, the electron beam is clad along one end of the prefabricated part and the horizontal line at an angle of 40-60 degrees, the lap joint rate of each molten pool is 25-35 percent, and the molten pool is cooled in refrigeration equipment at-20-30 ℃ after cladding, so that the matrix of the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy with the directional array is obtained.
2. The preparation method of the oriented array ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ball-to-material ratio of the wet ball milling in the step one is (3-5): 1, the ball-milling medium is a stainless steel ball, the diameter of the ball is 5-25 mm, the rotation speed of the ball mill is 300-400 r/min, and the ball milling time is 1-3 h.
3. The method for preparing the oriented array ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol, the cyclohexane, the polyethylene glycol and the polyvinylpyrrolidone in the mixed solution of the absolute ethyl alcohol, the cyclohexane, the polyethylene glycol and the polyvinylpyrrolidone in the step one is 1:1 (2-3: 1).
4. The method for preparing the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy with the directional array according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃ and the drying time is 1-3 h; the volume ratio of the mass of the mixed powder to the mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol, cyclohexane, polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone in the step one (40 g-60 g) is 300 mL.
5. The method for preparing the oriented array ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third step is to put the mixed powder after ball milling into a die, apply a pressure of 70 MPa-150 MPa by a universal press to obtain a preform, and place the preform on the surface of the substrate after sand blasting; the length, width and height of the prefabricated member are 60mm multiplied by 20mm multiplied by 1.5 mm.
6. The method for preparing the oriented array ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inert gas in the fourth step is argon or nitrogen; the length, width and height of the two copper plates are 70mm multiplied by 30mm multiplied by 2 mm; the cooling temperature of the refrigeration equipment is-20 ℃ to-30 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the oriented array ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy according to claim 1, the method is characterized in that laser is adopted as an electron beam source in the fourth step, an electromagnetic field forming an angle of 45 degrees with a prefabricated part is applied under the conditions that the power is 1400-1500W, the scanning speed is 25-30 mm/s, the diameter of a circular light spot is 3mm and the inert gas atmosphere is protected, two copper plates are respectively connected with positive and negative 60V pulse voltage, the period is 2s, the magnetic field intensity is 1T, the distance between the copper plate and the prefabricated part is 25-30 mm, the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of an electron beam form 45 degrees, the electron beam forms cladding along one end of the prefabricated part and the horizontal line at an angle of 45 degrees, the lap joint rate of each molten pool is 25-30 percent, and the molten pools are cooled in refrigeration equipment at the temperature of-20-30 ℃ after cladding, so that the matrix of the ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy with the directional array is obtained.
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