CN112359211A - Method for recycling waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core and amorphous nanocrystalline powder core - Google Patents
Method for recycling waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core and amorphous nanocrystalline powder core Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F9/002—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof amorphous or microcrystalline
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
- H01F27/255—Magnetic cores made from particles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recycling and reusing waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores and an amorphous nanocrystalline powder core, wherein the method for recycling the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores comprises the following steps: soaking and swelling: immersing the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core into an organic solvent for soaking and swelling treatment; ball milling: performing ball milling treatment on the product obtained in the soaking and swelling step to obtain magnetic powder; rinsing and drying steps: and rinsing and drying the magnetic powder to obtain amorphous nanocrystalline powder. The method utilizes the principle of similarity and intermiscibility and a solvent swelling method to recover the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core, and can effectively remove the organic insulating agent between the amorphous nanocrystalline strip layers through grinding and rinsing to obtain amorphous nanocrystalline powder, thereby preparing the commercial grade amorphous nanocrystalline powder core.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of recycling of amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores, and particularly relates to a recycling method of waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores.
Background
The amorphous alloy material has good magnetic conductivity, the winding has small volume and low loss, the policy of low carbon and low loss in China is met, the amorphous alloy material has good effect when applied to magnetic devices of some power electronic technologies, and the amorphous alloy material shows wide application prospect in the power electronic technologies. The power transformer, the distribution transformer, the rectifier transformer, the intermediate frequency and induction heating transformer, the constant voltage transformer, the parameter transformer and the magnetic frequency multiplier adopt amorphous alloy to replace silicon steel, so that the loss can be greatly reduced, the efficiency is improved, and the heating is reduced; the filter reactor adopts the constant-permeability amorphous alloy to replace permalloy magnetic powder core, the linear permeability is high, and the filtering effect is good, so that the amorphous alloy has a good application market in a high-voltage grade power grid. In addition, China is a large country for manufacturing motors, and the demand of the motor iron core on the non-oriented silicon steel is about 700 million tons every year. The application of the amorphous strip to the motor iron core can reduce the iron loss by 80-95%, has magnetic isotropy, and has remarkable performance advantage and great market potential when being applied to a high-frequency motor.
With the rapid development of high and new technologies, the application of amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores is becoming more and more extensive, and the annual output of the amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores is increasing. However, in the process of preparing the amorphous nanocrystalline iron core, a large number of defective products are generated due to production equipment, techniques and processes; meanwhile, in the use process of the material, the aging is difficult to avoid, and the amount of waste materials is gradually increased every year. Therefore, the development of a process route for recycling the amorphous nanocrystalline iron core waste material with environmental protection and low cost has great economic and social benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for recycling waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores, which provides a process route with short flow and low cost for directly recycling and obtaining regenerated amorphous nanocrystalline powder and powder cores, so that the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores are fully, effectively and circularly utilized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a method for recovering waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores comprises the following steps:
soaking and swelling: immersing the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core into an organic solvent for soaking and swelling treatment;
ball milling: performing ball milling treatment on the product obtained in the soaking and swelling step to obtain magnetic powder;
rinsing and drying steps: and rinsing and drying the magnetic powder to obtain amorphous nanocrystalline powder.
In the method for recovering waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores, as a preferred embodiment, the method for recovering waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores further includes a surface treatment step: and (3) performing paint removal treatment on the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores, and then performing the soaking and swelling step.
In the method for recovering the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core, as a preferred embodiment, the method for recovering the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core further comprises a coarse crushing step: and (3) crushing the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores or the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores subjected to paint removal treatment to obtain fragments with the side length of less than 2cm, and then performing the soaking and swelling step. The present application employs a coarse crushing step to save subsequent ball milling time.
In the method for recovering the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core, as a preferred embodiment, in the step of soaking and swelling, the time for soaking and swelling is 12-24 hours; the organic solvent comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 10-20% of n-butyl alcohol, 10-20% of dimethylformamide and 60-80% of acetone; through soaking and swelling treatment, the organic insulating agent between the amorphous nanocrystalline strip layers in the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core can be dissolved, so that the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core is substantially changed into a sheet shape. The addition of the n-butanol can promote mutual solubility between the dimethylformamide and the acetone on one hand, and is beneficial to removing organic components in the amorphous iron core interlayer insulating agent on the other hand; however, if the n-butanol concentration is too high, the fluidity of the soaking solution is lowered, and it is not favorable for dissolving the organic matter between the amorphous layers.
In the method for recovering the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores, as a preferred embodiment, in the ball milling step, the ball milling treatment is wet high-energy ball milling performed in an organic solvent, preferably, in the wet high-energy ball milling, the ball-to-material ratio is 3:1, the ball milling time is 6-9 hours, and crystals are precipitated if the ball milling time is too long; preferably, the organic solvent comprises, in volume percent: 10-20% of n-butyl alcohol, 10-20% of dimethylformamide and 60-80% of acetone; preferably, the organic solvent is added until the ball mill pot used is full. The ball milling treatment of the invention can not only change the flaky waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core into powder, but also dissolve the residual epoxy resin and the like in the adhesive while being carried out in an organic solvent, thereby removing the residual organic matters between layers.
In the method for recovering waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores, as a preferred embodiment, in the rinsing and drying step, the rinsing treatment includes: carrying out organic solvent rinsing treatment, namely carrying out ultrasonic rinsing on the magnetic powder for multiple times by adopting an organic solvent under a magnetic field until rinsing liquid is transparent; preferably, the time of ultrasonic rinsing for each time is 10-15 min; rinsing the magnetic powder subjected to the rinsing treatment by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the volume percentage of 1-8%, preferably 1-3%, wherein the rinsing time is 1-8 seconds, preferably 1-3 seconds; performing acetone rinsing treatment, namely performing ultrasonic rinsing on the magnetic powder subjected to the hydrochloric acid solution rinsing treatment for multiple times by using acetone, preferably, the ultrasonic rinsing is performed for 2-4 times, and the time of each ultrasonic rinsing is 10-15 min; preferably, between the hydrochloric acid solution rinsing treatment and the acetone rinsing treatment, an ethanol rinsing treatment is further included, and the magnetic powder after the hydrochloric acid solution rinsing treatment is rinsed for multiple times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and preferably, the rinsing times are 2-4 times. In the step, the first step of organic solvent rinsing is to remove residual organic epoxy resin; the second step of dilute hydrochloric acid rinsing is to reduce the oxygen content; the fourth step of acetone rinsing is to remove the water substituted in the acid process, and the acetone rinsing can avoid the reoxidation of the powder (the oxygen content in acetone is far lower than that of water, so that the secondary oxidation of the powder can be avoided). The third step of absolute ethyl alcohol rinsing is arranged for further improving the rinsing effect, and mainly removes impurities such as residual organic matters and oxides among the powder.
In the method for recovering the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core, as a preferred embodiment, in the rinsing and drying steps, the strength of the magnetic field is 0.1-0.3T. The invention introduces the magnetic field treatment, can rapidly and effectively remove the residual organic matters, oxides and other nonmagnetic phases between particles, and reduce the oxygen content of the regenerated powder; if the magnetic field is too small, the movement of the magnetic powder is not facilitated; if the magnetic field is too large, the non-magnetic phase of the magnetic powder inclusion part can move together, and the separation effect is not good.
In the method for recycling the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores, as a preferred embodiment, in the rinsing and drying steps, the drying treatment time is 3-6 hours, and the temperature is 80-100 ℃.
A method for recycling and reusing waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores comprises the following steps:
a step of preparing amorphous nanocrystalline powder by adopting the recovery method of the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core, and
the preparation method of the powder core comprises the following steps: and preparing an amorphous nanocrystalline powder core by using the recovered amorphous nanocrystalline powder.
An amorphous nanocrystalline powder core prepared by the method for recycling and reusing the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core is recovered by utilizing the similarity and intermiscibility principle and the solvent swelling method, and the organic insulating agent (namely the binder) between the amorphous nanocrystalline strip layers can be effectively removed through grinding and rinsing to obtain amorphous nanocrystalline powder, so that the commercial grade amorphous nanocrystalline powder core is prepared; meanwhile, the method has the advantages of no pollution in the implementation process, simple equipment, simple and convenient operation, high economic value and easy realization of industrialization. Therefore, the invention has great application prospect in the resource recovery field and the soft magnetic material field.
Detailed Description
In order to highlight the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are presented by way of illustration of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The method for recovering the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores is particularly suitable for the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores from the following two sources: firstly, an amorphous stator core contained in a scrapped amorphous motor; and secondly, waste materials and unqualified products generated in the production process of the amorphous motor iron core.
Example 1: a method for recycling waste amorphous iron cores (namely waste materials generated in the production process of the amorphous iron cores) comprises the following recycling steps:
(1) coarse crushing: crushing the waste amorphous iron core into fragments of less than 2cm by using a mechanical crushing method;
(2) soaking and swelling: soaking uncoated fragments in a mixed organic solvent for 24 hours, wherein the volume percentage of each component in the mixed organic solvent is as follows: 20% of n-butyl alcohol, 20% of dimethylformamide and 60% of acetone;
(3) mechanical ball milling: and (3) performing wet high-energy ball milling on the immersed and swelled fragments, wherein the ball-material ratio is 3:1, the ball milling time is 9 hours, and the volume percentage of each component in the mixed organic solvent is as follows: 20% of n-butyl alcohol, 20% of dimethylformamide and 60% of acetone;
(4) rinsing and drying: ultrasonically rinsing the magnetic powder obtained in the step (3) by using a mixed organic solvent under a magnetic field of 0.3T, wherein the components of the organic solvent are the same as those in the step (2), and rinsing is repeated for 15min each time until a washing liquid is transparent; rinsing with 3% dilute hydrochloric acid solution for 3 s, and rapidly rinsing with anhydrous ethanol for 4 times; ultrasonically rinsing with acetone for 4 times, each time for 15 min; then putting the rinsed magnetic powder into a vacuum drying oven for drying for 6 hours at the drying temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain amorphous powder;
the data comparing the impurity element contents of the amorphous powder obtained in this example with those of the commercial amorphous powder are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 impurity element content comparison (wt.%) of amorphous powder obtained in this example with commercial amorphous powder
(5) Forming and heat treatment: sieving and proportioning the amorphous powder, wherein the mass ratio of the powder with the particle size of 50-75 mu m is 80%, and the mass ratio of the powder with the particle size of 43-50 mu m is 20%; vacuum annealing at 440 deg.C for 30 min; adding 1 wt.% SiO of the powder mass to the powder after annealing22 wt.% of epoxy resin and 0.3 wt.% of zinc stearate, and uniformly mixing and drying, wherein acetone is used as a cosolvent during mixing; the molding pressure is 1800MPa, the annealing temperature is 350 ℃, and the annealing time is 1h, so that the amorphous powder core is obtained.
The comparative data of the performance of the amorphous cores obtained by the present example and the commercial amorphous cores are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of the properties of the amorphous cores obtained in this example with commercial amorphous cores
The initial permeability of the amorphous powder core obtained in this embodiment is within 8% of the allowable tolerance range relative to the initial permeability of the commercial amorphous powder core, and therefore, as seen from table 2, the amorphous powder core obtained in this embodiment is acceptable, and the performance of the commercial amorphous powder core is achieved.
Example 2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) recycling waste nanocrystalline iron cores (namely waste materials generated in the process of producing nanocrystalline iron cores), wherein the recycling steps are as follows:
(1) coarse crushing: crushing the waste nanocrystalline iron core into fragments of less than 2cm by using a mechanical crushing method;
(2) soaking and swelling: soaking uncoated fragments in a mixed organic solvent for 12 hours, wherein the volume percentage of each component in the mixed organic solvent is as follows: n-butyl alcohol accounts for 10%, dimethyl formamide accounts for 10%, and acetone accounts for 80%;
(3) mechanical ball milling: carrying out wet high-energy ball milling on the immersed and swelled fragments, wherein the ball-material ratio is 3:1, mixing the organic solvent and the solvent (2), and the ball milling time is 6 hours;
(4) rinsing and drying: ultrasonically rinsing the magnetic powder obtained in the step (3) by using a mixed organic solvent under a magnetic field of 0.1T, wherein the components of the organic solvent are the same as those in the step (2), and rinsing is repeated for 10min each time until a washing liquid is transparent; then rinsing the mixture for 1 second by using a dilute hydrochloric acid solution with the volume content of 1 percent, and rapidly rinsing the mixture for 2 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol; ultrasonic rinsing with acetone for 2 times, each time for 10 min; then putting the rinsed magnetic powder into a vacuum drying oven for drying for 3 hours at the drying temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain nanocrystalline powder;
the data comparing the impurity element contents of the nanocrystalline powder obtained in this example with those of the commercial nanocrystalline powder are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 comparison of impurity element content (wt.%) of the nanocrystalline powder obtained in this example with that of a commercial nanocrystalline powder
(5) Forming and heat treatment: sieving and proportioning the nanocrystalline powder, wherein the mass ratio of the powder with the particle size of 50-75 mu m is 80%, and the mass ratio of the powder with the particle size of 43-50 mu m is 20%; vacuum annealing at 440 deg.C for 30 min; adding 1 wt.% SiO to the powder after annealing22 wt.% of epoxy resin and 0.3 wt.% of zinc stearate, and uniformly mixing and drying, wherein acetone is used as a cosolvent during mixing; molding pressure 1800MPa, the annealing temperature is 350 ℃, and the annealing time is 1h, so that the nanocrystalline powder core is obtained.
The comparative data of the performance of the obtained nanocrystalline powder core and the commercial nanocrystalline powder core are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 comparison of the properties of the nanocrystalline cores obtained in this example with commercial nanocrystalline cores
Comparative example 1
This comparative example was conducted in the same manner as in example 1, except that the mixed organic solvent used in the soaking step, the ball-milling step and the rinsing step was different from that used in example 1. The mixed organic solvent used in this comparative example had the following components in volume percent: 20% of dimethylformamide and 80% of acetone.
The impurity element content of the amorphous nanocrystalline powder recovered in this comparative example is shown in table 5.
Table 5 comparison of impurity element content (wt.%) of the nanocrystalline powder obtained in comparative example 1 with that of a commercial nanocrystalline powder
Comparative example 2
This comparative example was conducted in the same manner as in example 1, except that the rinsing process was not conducted under magnetic field conditions.
The impurity element content of the amorphous nanocrystalline powder recovered in this comparative example is shown in table 6.
Table 6 comparison of impurity element contents (wt.%) of the nanocrystalline powder obtained in comparative example 2 with that of a commercial nanocrystalline powder
Claims (10)
1. A method for recovering waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores is characterized by comprising the following steps:
soaking and swelling: immersing the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron core into an organic solvent for soaking and swelling treatment;
ball milling: performing ball milling treatment on the product obtained in the soaking and swelling step to obtain magnetic powder;
rinsing and drying steps: and rinsing and drying the magnetic powder to obtain amorphous nanocrystalline powder.
2. The method for recycling waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores according to claim 1, characterized in that the method for recycling waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores further comprises a surface treatment step: and (3) performing paint removal treatment on the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores, and then performing the soaking and swelling step.
3. The method for recycling waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores according to claim 2, characterized in that the method for recycling waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores further comprises a coarse crushing step: and crushing the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores or the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores subjected to paint removal treatment to obtain fragments with the side length of less than 2cm, and then performing the soaking and swelling step.
4. The method for recycling the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores according to claim 1, wherein in the soaking and swelling step, the soaking and swelling time is 12-24 hours; the organic solvent comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 10-20% of n-butyl alcohol, 10-20% of dimethylformamide and 60-80% of acetone.
5. The method for recycling the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores according to claim 1, wherein in the ball milling step, the ball milling treatment is wet high-energy ball milling in an organic solvent, preferably, in the wet high-energy ball milling, the ball-to-material ratio is 3:1, and the ball milling time is 6-9 hours; preferably, the organic solvent comprises, in volume percent: 10-20% of n-butyl alcohol, 10-20% of dimethylformamide and 60-80% of acetone; preferably, the organic solvent is added until the ball mill pot used is full.
6. The method for recycling waste amorphous nanocrystalline cores according to claim 1, wherein in the rinsing and drying step, the rinsing treatment includes: carrying out organic solvent rinsing treatment, namely carrying out ultrasonic rinsing on the magnetic powder for multiple times by adopting an organic solvent under a magnetic field until rinsing liquid is transparent; preferably, the time of ultrasonic rinsing for each time is 10-15 min; rinsing the magnetic powder subjected to the rinsing treatment by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the volume percentage of 1-8%, preferably 1-3%, wherein the rinsing time is 1-8 seconds, preferably 1-3 seconds; performing acetone rinsing treatment, namely performing ultrasonic rinsing on the magnetic powder subjected to the hydrochloric acid solution rinsing treatment for multiple times by using acetone, preferably, the ultrasonic rinsing is performed for 2-4 times, and the time of each ultrasonic rinsing is 10-15 min; preferably, between the hydrochloric acid solution rinsing treatment and the acetone rinsing treatment, an ethanol rinsing treatment is further included, and the magnetic powder after the hydrochloric acid solution rinsing treatment is rinsed for multiple times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and preferably, the rinsing times are 2-4 times.
7. The method for recycling the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores according to claim 6, wherein in the rinsing and drying steps, the intensity of the magnetic field is 0.1-0.3T.
8. The method for recycling the waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores according to claim 1, wherein in the rinsing and drying steps, the drying time is 3-6 hours, and the temperature is 80-100 ℃.
9. A method for recycling and reusing waste amorphous nanocrystalline iron cores is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a step of preparing amorphous nanocrystalline powder by the method for recovering a spent amorphous nanocrystalline iron core according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and
the preparation method of the powder core comprises the following steps: and preparing an amorphous nanocrystalline powder core by using the recovered amorphous nanocrystalline powder.
10. An amorphous nanocrystalline core prepared by the method for recycling and reusing the waste amorphous nanocrystalline core according to claim 9.
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| CN118359190A (en) * | 2024-06-19 | 2024-07-19 | 朗峰新材料启东有限公司 | Waste nanocrystalline magnetic core recycling material and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118359190A (en) * | 2024-06-19 | 2024-07-19 | 朗峰新材料启东有限公司 | Waste nanocrystalline magnetic core recycling material and preparation method thereof |
| CN118359190B (en) * | 2024-06-19 | 2024-08-30 | 朗峰新材料启东有限公司 | Waste nanocrystalline magnetic core recycling material and preparation method thereof |
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