CN104036949A - Method for using bulk sintered neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) machining waste to prepare high-performance regenerated NdFeB magnet - Google Patents
Method for using bulk sintered neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) machining waste to prepare high-performance regenerated NdFeB magnet Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for using bulk sintered neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) machining waste to prepare a high-coercivity regenerated NdFeB magnet and belongs to the technical field of magnetic materials. The rare earth neodymium hydride nano powder doping technology is used to regenerate the sintered NdFeB machining waste so as to prepare the high-performance regenerated sintered NdFeB permanent magnet. The method includes: using hydrogen explosion and air flow milling to prepare NdFeB powder; using the physical gas phase deposition technology to prepare neodymium hydride nano powder; mixing the two kinds of powder, and performing magnetic field orientation and compression moulding; performing dehydrogenation, sintering and thermal treatment on the compressed base at different temperatures to obtain the sintered magnet. The method has the advantages that various magnetic performances of the regenerated magnet prepared by the method can restore to the level an original magnet, and the method is short in process flow, low in cost and energy consumption and resource saving.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to take sintered NdFeB processing waste material as primary raw material, utilize the nano-particle doped sintered method of neodymium hydride to prepare the new technology of high-performance regeneration Sintered NdFeB magnet, the present invention is used for reclaiming sintered NdFeB leftover pieces, belongs to technical field of magnetic materials.
Background technology
Sintered NdFeB is the strongest permanent magnetic material of current magnetic, be widely used in the numerous areas such as hard disk drive, electric motor car (EV), wind power generation, consumer-elcetronics devices, a kind of irreplaceable basic material that becomes new and high technology power, is driving the development of all trades and professions.The output of neodymium iron boron also improves rapidly along with the increase of demand, and especially, after 2000, its annual average rate of increase is about 26.2%.Yet because sintered NdFeB fragility is high, in machining process, can produce 20～30% leftover pieces waste material, if these leftover pieces effectively do not utilize, can only process with low-down price.Therefore, carry out the research that neodymium iron boron waste material reclaims and production has important practical significance and bright prospects, be subject to national governments, relevant enterprise and researcher's extensive concern.
The recycling of neodymium iron boron waste material, has not only protected the rare earth strategic resource of China's preciousness, and has protected environment.The pollution of having avoided neodymium iron boron waste material itself to bring on the one hand; On the other hand, reduce rare earth mineral products resource consumption, greatly alleviated the serious environmental pressure that the adopting of rare earth mineral products, choosing, smelting are brought.As can be seen here; the high-valued recycling of neodymium iron boron waste material not only profit margin is very large; equipment rate is high; there is good economic feasibility; and will greatly reduce Rare Earth Mine yield; containment exhaustive exploitation and the deterioration of the ecological environment, protected China's rare earth resources and biological environment effectively.
For neodymium iron boron waste material, recycle and to have developed several different methods: 1. Extraction of rare earth element and other precious metals from neodymium iron boron waste material, this kind of technique exists the rate of recovery low and reclaim the problems such as product purity is low.Dissolution degree that its main cause is to reclaim waste product is low, the precipitation of reaction rare earth not exclusively and the problem such as the separation degree of rare earth elements lnon rare earth elements and multiple rare earth element is poor; Again melting, powder process, die mould, sinter neodymium iron boron magnetic body into, this kind of technological process is longer, takes time and effort; 3. after the explosion of neodymium iron boron waste material hydrogen is broken, this kind of technique after the Nd-Fe-B powder identical with appropriate composition mixes, airflow milling refinement, die mould, sinters Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet into, although can reach the object of recovery, but the neodymium iron boron performance of making after mixed powder can reduce, and product price reduces.
Said method is not still reaching good effect to the recycling of neodymium iron boron waste material.Directly adopt that hydrogen explosion is broken, ball milling, orientation is compressing, prepared by sintering technology regeneration magnet, it is a kind of regeneration technology of short flow process, but magnet magnetic energy product prepared by this technique has declined 15% than original magnet magnetic energy product, remanent magnetism and coercive force have declined respectively 10% and 20%.In the recycling process of sintered NdFeB waste material, rare earth element can run off, and causes the particularly coercitive significantly reduction of regeneration magnet magnetic property.For the problems referred to above, the performance that how to improve regeneration magnet becomes the key of dealing with problems.At sintered NdFeB waste material, adopt the quick-fried method of hydrogen to be broken into after magnetic, by the effectively loss of compensation regeneration Rare Earth Elements in Process of rare earth doped powder.But the quantity of rare earth powder and granularity have vital impact to the magnetic property of regeneration magnet.The quantity of rare earth powder is more, means and generates more rich neodymium phase, and then can obtain larger coercive force; But the increase of non-hard magnetic phase in magnet simultaneously, the remanent magnetism of magnet and maximum magnetic energy product reduce, and can not effectively be replied.The condition of preparing the magnet of high remanent magnetism and high-coercive force is that rich neodymium phase volume fraction is few as much as possible, but main phase grain is by the layer separation completely mutually of thin rich neodymium.Therefore reduce the size of rare earth powder particle, make it in mixed powder process, be coated on main phase grain surface, in sintering process subsequently, realize effective magnetic of main phase grain isolated.Reaching under the isolated precondition of to main phase grain effective magnetic, if rare earth powder particle is oversize, can cause in magnet rich neodymium phase volume fraction excessive, magnet remanent magnetism and maximum magnetic energy product reduce; If rare earth powder particle is undersized, there will be agglomeration, can cause adverse effect to magnet performance equally.Therefore studying rare earth powder particle size and content is the basis that obtains high-performance regeneration magnet on the impact of regeneration magnet performance.In addition, due to reducing of rare earth doped powder particle size, sintering and the heat treatment optimum temperature of regeneration magnet also can decrease, and what bring is that magnet crystallite dimension reduces thereupon, and then the coercive force of magnet can corresponding raising.
Summary of the invention
A kind of neodymium hydride nano-powder particles doping that the present invention be directed to the above-mentioned state of the art and propose is reclaimed and prepare the regenerate method of Sintered NdFeB magnet of high-performance, reaches that operation is short, energy consumption is low, the object of high efficiente callback.
The present invention for raw material be block sintered NdFeB processing waste material, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) block sintered NdFeB processing waste material is cleaned and is prepared into the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen;
Preferably block sintered NdFeB processing waste material is placed in to 5% nitric acid alcohol and at alcoholic solution, cleans after 10 seconds, dry up; Be placed at and in vacuum tube furnace, carry out inhaling hydrogen 3 hours, 600 ℃, 1 * 10 under 150 ℃, 0.1MPa hydrogen pressure
-3pa dehydrogenation 10 hours, obtains the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen;
(2) adopt airflow milling technique that NdFeB magnetic powder is crushed to single crystal grain, obtain NdFeB material powder;
(3) adopt physical gas phase deposition technology to prepare neodymium hydride powder, its particle diameter is 100-500 nanometer;
(4) the neodymium hydride nanometer powder of step (3) gained is joined in the NdFeB material powder of step (2), the adding proportion of neodymium hydride nanometer powder is the 2-4% of NdFeB material powder weight, and two kinds of powder are mixed;
(5) will in 3T magnetic field, be orientated through even mixed powder and compressing;
(6) pressed compact is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, at 1000-1050 ℃ of sintering 5-7 hour, then carry out secondary heat treatment: first order heat treatment temperature 800-900 ℃ wherein, insulation 4-5 hour; Second level heat treatment temperature 450-500 ℃, insulation 4-5 hour; The final sintered magnet that obtains.
The feature of this method is:
1. the average grain diameter of the neodymium hydride particle of the present invention's doping is 100-500 nanometer.Compare with the neodymium hydride that is less than 100 nanometers is particle doped, in mixed powder process, the distribution meeting of neodymium hydride powder particle is more even, and mixed powder effect can be better, finally in sintering process, can make rich neodymium distribute mutually more even, and effectively repair boundary defect, thereby recover the coercive force of magnet; Compare with the neodymium hydride that is greater than 500 nanometers is particle doped, because neodymium hydride particle diameter of the present invention is little, reaching on same coercitive basis, required neodymium hydride content is few, so the remanent magnetism of magnet, magnetic energy product can well be replied simultaneously.
2. compare with conventional sintering technique, sintering temperature and the heat treatment temperature of regeneration sintered magnet are low, therefore can obtain higher coercive force.
3. the every magnetic property of regeneration magnet that adopts the present invention to prepare can be returned to original magnet level.
4. adopt the inventive method technological process short, cost energy consumption is low, economizes on resources.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with each embodiment, the present invention will be further described.Right convenient contrast, the magnetic property of original magnet leftover pieces also provides in the lump
Embodiment 1
(1) block sintered NdFeB processing waste material composition is Nd
22.3dy
0.6pr
7.5fe
67.8co
0.7cu
0.1b
1.Neodymium iron boron waste material is placed in to 5% nitric acid alcohol and after 10 seconds, at alcoholic solution, cleans, dry up.Waste material is placed in vacuum tube furnace, carries out 150 ℃, 0.1MPa hydrogen pressure and inhale hydrogen 3 hours, 600 ℃, 1 * 10
-3pa dehydrogenation 10 hours, obtains the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen.
(2) adopt airflow milling technique that NdFeB magnetic powder is crushed to 3 microns.
(3) adopt physical gas phase deposition technology to prepare the neodymium hydride nanometer powder that average grain diameter is 100 nanometers.
(4) the neodymium hydride nano metal powder of step (3) gained is joined in the NdFeB material powder of step (2), the adding proportion of neodymium hydride nanometer powder is 2% of NdFeB material powder weight, and two kinds of powder are mixed;
(5) will in 3T magnetic field, be orientated through even mixed powder and compressing;
(6) pressed compact is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, 1000 ℃ of sintering 7 hours, then carry out secondary heat treatment: wherein first order heat treatment temperature is 900 ℃, be incubated 5 hours; 450 ℃ of second level heat treatment temperatures, are incubated 4 hours; The final sintered magnet that obtains.
Comparative example 1-1
(1) block sintered NdFeB processing waste material composition is Nd
22.3dy
0.6pr
7.5fe
67.8co
0.7cu
0.1b
1.Neodymium iron boron waste material is placed in to 5% nitric acid alcohol and after 10 seconds, at alcoholic solution, cleans, dry up.Waste material is placed in vacuum tube furnace, carries out 150 ℃, 0.1MPa hydrogen pressure and inhale hydrogen 3 hours, 600 ℃, 1 * 10
-3pa dehydrogenation 10 hours, obtains the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen.
(2) adopt airflow milling technique that NdFeB magnetic powder is crushed to 3 microns.
(3) adopt physical gas phase deposition technology to prepare the neodymium hydride nanometer powder that average grain diameter is 10 nanometers.
(4) the neodymium hydride nano metal powder of step (3) gained is joined in the NdFeB material powder of step (2), the adding proportion of neodymium hydride nanometer powder is 2% of NdFeB material powder weight, and two kinds of powder are mixed;
(5) will in 3T magnetic field, be orientated through even mixed powder and compressing;
(6) pressed compact is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, 1000 ℃ of sintering 7 hours, then carry out secondary heat treatment: wherein first order heat treatment temperature is 900 ℃, be incubated 5 hours; 450 ℃ of second level heat treatment temperatures, are incubated 4 hours; The final sintered magnet that obtains.
Comparative example 1-2
(1) block sintered NdFeB processing waste material composition is Nd
22.3dy
0.6pr
7.5fe
67.8co
0.7cu
0.1b
1.Neodymium iron boron waste material is placed in to 5% nitric acid alcohol and after 10 seconds, at alcoholic solution, cleans, dry up.Waste material is placed in vacuum tube furnace, carries out 150 ℃, 0.1MPa hydrogen pressure and inhale hydrogen 3 hours, 600 ℃, 1 * 10
-3pa dehydrogenation 10 hours, obtains the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen.
(2) adopt airflow milling technique that NdFeB magnetic powder is crushed to 3 microns.
(3) adopting the quick-fried and ball-milling technology of hydrogen to prepare average grain diameter is the neodymium hydride powder of 3 microns.
(4) the neodymium hydride metal micron powder of step (3) gained is joined in the NdFeB material powder of step (2), the adding proportion of neodymium hydride micron powder is 4% of NdFeB material powder weight, and two kinds of powder are mixed;
(5) will in 3T magnetic field, be orientated through even mixed powder and compressing;
(6) pressed compact is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, 1080 ℃ of sintering 7 hours, then carry out secondary heat treatment: wherein first order heat treatment temperature is 920 ℃, be incubated 5 hours; 550 ℃ of second level heat treatment temperatures, are incubated 4 hours; The final sintered magnet that obtains.
Comparative example 1-3
(1) block sintered NdFeB processing waste material composition is Nd
22.3dy
0.6pr
7.5fe
67.8co
0.7cu
0.1b
1.Neodymium iron boron waste material is placed in to 5% nitric acid alcohol and after 10 seconds, at alcoholic solution, cleans, dry up.Waste material is placed in vacuum tube furnace, carries out 150 ℃, 0.1MPa hydrogen pressure and inhale hydrogen 3 hours, 600 ℃, 1 * 10
-3pa dehydrogenation 10 hours, obtains the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen.
(2) adopt airflow milling technique that NdFeB magnetic powder is crushed to 3 microns.
(3) neodymium iron boron powder is orientated in 3T magnetic field and compressing;
(4) pressed compact is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, 1080 ℃ of sintering 7 hours, then carry out secondary heat treatment: wherein first order heat treatment temperature is 920 ℃, be incubated 5 hours; 550 ℃ of second level heat treatment temperatures, are incubated 4 hours; The final sintered magnet that obtains.
Table 1. adopts the particle doped preparation regeneration sintered magnet magnetic property of different grain size neodymium hydride and density contrast
| ? | Remanent magnetism (kGs) | Coercive force (kOe) | Magnetic energy product (MGOe) | Density (g/cm 3) |
| Original magnet 1 | 14.1 | 15.2 | 46.5 | 7.53 |
| Embodiment 1 | 14.0 | 16.8 | 46.4 | 7.54 |
| Comparative example 1-1 | 13.4 | 14.5 | 42.8 | 7.48 |
| Comparative example 1-2 | 12.9 | 14.3 | 39.9 | 7.45 |
| Comparative example 1-3 | 12.6 | 13.0 | 37.8 | 7.36 |
Embodiment 2
(1) block sintered NdFeB processing waste material composition is Nd
25.7dy
5fe
67.2co
0.8cu
0.2al
0.1b
1.Neodymium iron boron waste material is placed in to 5% nitric acid alcohol and after 10 seconds, at alcoholic solution, cleans, dry up.Waste material is placed in vacuum tube furnace, carries out 150 ℃, 0.1MPa hydrogen pressure and inhale hydrogen 3 hours, 600 ℃, 1 * 10
-3pa dehydrogenation 10 hours, obtains the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen.
(2) adopt airflow milling technique that NdFeB magnetic powder is crushed to 3 microns.
(3) adopt physical gas phase deposition technology to prepare the neodymium hydride nanometer powder that average grain diameter is 500 nanometers.
(4) the neodymium hydride nano metal powder of step (3) gained is joined in the NdFeB material powder of step (2), the adding proportion of neodymium hydride nanometer powder is 4% of NdFeB material powder weight, and two kinds of powder are mixed;
(5) will in 3T magnetic field, be orientated through even mixed powder and compressing;
(6) pressed compact is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, 1050 ℃ of sintering 5 hours, then carry out secondary heat treatment: wherein first order heat treatment temperature is 800 ℃, be incubated 4 hours; 500 ℃ of second level heat treatment temperatures, are incubated 5 hours; The final sintered magnet that obtains.
Comparative example 2-1
(1) block sintered NdFeB processing waste material composition is Nd
25.7dy
5fe
67.2co
0.8cu
0.2al
0.1b
1.Neodymium iron boron waste material is placed in to 5% nitric acid alcohol and after 10 seconds, at alcoholic solution, cleans, dry up.Waste material is placed in vacuum tube furnace, carries out 150 ℃, 0.1MPa hydrogen pressure and inhale hydrogen 3 hours, 600 ℃, 1 * 10
-3pa dehydrogenation 10 hours, obtains the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen.
(2) adopt airflow milling technique that NdFeB magnetic powder is crushed to 3 microns.
(3) adopt physical gas phase deposition technology to prepare the neodymium hydride nanometer powder that average grain diameter is 50 nanometers.
(4) the neodymium hydride nano metal powder of step (3) gained is joined in the NdFeB material powder of step (2), the adding proportion of neodymium hydride nanometer powder is 4% of NdFeB material powder weight, and two kinds of powder are mixed;
(5) will in 3T magnetic field, be orientated through even mixed powder and compressing;
(6) pressed compact is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, 1050 ℃ of sintering 5 hours, then carry out secondary heat treatment: wherein first order heat treatment temperature is 800 ℃, be incubated 4 hours; 500 ℃ of second level heat treatment temperatures, are incubated 5 hours; The final sintered magnet that obtains.
Comparative example 2-2
(1) block sintered NdFeB processing waste material composition is Nd
25.7dy
5fe
67.2co
0.8cu
0.2al
0.1b
1.Neodymium iron boron waste material is placed in to 5% nitric acid alcohol and after 10 seconds, at alcoholic solution, cleans, dry up.Waste material is placed in vacuum tube furnace, carries out 150 ℃, 0.1MPa hydrogen pressure and inhale hydrogen 3 hours, 600 ℃, 1 * 10
-3pa dehydrogenation 10 hours, obtains the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen.
(2) adopt airflow milling technique that NdFeB magnetic powder is crushed to 3 microns.
(3) adopting the quick-fried and ball-milling technology of hydrogen to prepare average grain diameter is the neodymium hydride powder of 4 microns.
(4) the neodymium hydride metal micron powder of step (3) gained is joined in the NdFeB material powder of step (2), the adding proportion of neodymium hydride micron powder is 6% of NdFeB material powder weight, and two kinds of powder are mixed;
(5) will in 3T magnetic field, be orientated through even mixed powder and compressing;
(6) pressed compact is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, 1080 ℃ of sintering 7 hours, then carry out secondary heat treatment: wherein first order heat treatment temperature is 920 ℃, be incubated 5 hours; 550 ℃ of second level heat treatment temperatures, are incubated 4 hours; The final sintered magnet that obtains.
Comparative example 2-3
(1) block sintered NdFeB processing waste material composition is Nd
25.7dy
5fe
67.2co
0.8cu
0.2al
0.1b
1.Neodymium iron boron waste material is placed in to 5% nitric acid alcohol and after 10 seconds, at alcoholic solution, cleans, dry up.Waste material is placed in vacuum tube furnace, carries out 150 ℃, 0.1MPa hydrogen pressure and inhale hydrogen 3 hours, 600 ℃, 1 * 10
-3pa dehydrogenation 10 hours, obtains the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen.
(2) adopt airflow milling technique that NdFeB magnetic powder is crushed to 3 microns.
(3) neodymium iron boron powder is orientated in 3T magnetic field and compressing;
(4) pressed compact is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, 1080 ℃ of sintering 7 hours, then carry out secondary heat treatment: wherein first order heat treatment temperature is 920 ℃, be incubated 5 hours; 550 ℃ of second level heat treatment temperatures, are incubated 4 hours; The final sintered magnet that obtains.
Table 2. adopts the particle doped preparation regeneration sintered magnet magnetic property of different grain size neodymium hydride and density contrast
| ? | Remanent magnetism (kGs) | Coercive force (kOe) | Magnetic energy product (MGOe) | Density (g/cm 3) |
| Original magnet 2 | 12.9 | 21.0 | 40.6 | 7.54 |
| Embodiment 2 | 12.7 | 22.5 | 40.1 | 7.53 |
| Comparative example 2-1 | 12.1 | 19.7 | 35.5 | 7.46 |
| Comparative example 2-2 | 11.5 | 19.6 | 33.6 | 7.40 |
| Comparative example 2-3 | 11.3 | 15.9 | 32.4 | 7.35 |
Embodiment 3
(1) block sintered NdFeB processing waste material composition is Nd
25.7dy
5fe
67.2co
0.8cu
0.2al
0.1b
1.Neodymium iron boron waste material is placed in to 5% nitric acid alcohol and after 10 seconds, at alcoholic solution, cleans, dry up.Waste material is placed in vacuum tube furnace, carries out 150 ℃, 0.1MPa hydrogen pressure and inhale hydrogen 3 hours, 600 ℃, 1 * 10
-3pa dehydrogenation 10 hours, obtains the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen.
(2) adopt airflow milling technique that NdFeB magnetic powder is crushed to 3 microns.
(3) adopt physical gas phase deposition technology to prepare the neodymium hydride nanometer powder that average grain diameter is 300 nanometers.
(4) the neodymium hydride nano metal powder of step (3) gained is joined in the NdFeB material powder of step (2), the adding proportion of neodymium hydride nanometer powder is 3% of NdFeB material powder weight, and two kinds of powder are mixed;
(5) will in 3T magnetic field, be orientated through even mixed powder and compressing;
(6) pressed compact is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, 1030 ℃ of sintering 6 hours, then carry out secondary heat treatment: wherein first order heat treatment temperature is 850 ℃, be incubated 4.5 hours; 480 ℃ of second level heat treatment temperatures, are incubated 4.5 hours; The final sintered magnet that obtains.
Comparative example 3-1
(1) block sintered NdFeB processing waste material composition is Nd
25.7dy
5fe
67.2co
0.8cu
0.2al
0.1b
1.Neodymium iron boron waste material is placed in to 5% nitric acid alcohol and after 10 seconds, at alcoholic solution, cleans, dry up.Waste material is placed in vacuum tube furnace, carries out 150 ℃, 0.1MPa hydrogen pressure and inhale hydrogen 3 hours, 600 ℃, 1 * 10
-3pa dehydrogenation 10 hours, obtains the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen.
(2) adopt airflow milling technique that NdFeB magnetic powder is crushed to 3 microns.
(3) adopt physical gas phase deposition technology to prepare the neodymium hydride nanometer powder that average grain diameter is 30 nanometers.
(4) the neodymium hydride nano metal powder of step (3) gained is joined in the NdFeB material powder of step (2), the adding proportion of neodymium hydride nanometer powder is 3% of NdFeB material powder weight, and two kinds of powder are mixed;
(5) will in 3T magnetic field, be orientated through even mixed powder and compressing;
(6) pressed compact is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, 1030 ℃ of sintering 6 hours, then carry out secondary heat treatment: wherein first order heat treatment temperature is 850 ℃, be incubated 4.5 hours; 480 ℃ of second level heat treatment temperatures, are incubated 4.5 hours; The final sintered magnet that obtains.
Comparative example 3-2
(1) block sintered NdFeB processing waste material composition is Nd
25.7dy
5fe
67.2co
0.8cu
0.2al
0.1b
1.Neodymium iron boron waste material is placed in to 5% nitric acid alcohol and after 10 seconds, at alcoholic solution, cleans, dry up.Waste material is placed in vacuum tube furnace, carries out 150 ℃, 0.1MPa hydrogen pressure and inhale hydrogen 3 hours, 600 ℃, 1 * 10
-3pa dehydrogenation 10 hours, obtains the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen.
(2) adopt airflow milling technique that NdFeB magnetic powder is crushed to 3 microns.
(3) adopting the quick-fried and ball-milling technology of hydrogen to prepare average grain diameter is the neodymium hydride powder of 4 microns.
(4) the neodymium hydride metal micron powder of step (3) gained is joined in the NdFeB material powder of step (2), the adding proportion of neodymium hydride micron powder is 6% of NdFeB material powder weight, and two kinds of powder are mixed;
(5) will in 3T magnetic field, be orientated through even mixed powder and compressing;
(6) pressed compact is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, 1080 ℃ of sintering 7 hours, then carry out secondary heat treatment: wherein first order heat treatment temperature is 920 ℃, be incubated 5 hours; 550 ℃ of second level heat treatment temperatures, are incubated 4 hours; The final sintered magnet that obtains.
Comparative example 3-3
(1) block sintered NdFeB processing waste material composition is Nd
25.7dy
5fe
67.2co
0.8cu
0.2al
0.1b
1.Neodymium iron boron waste material is placed in to 5% nitric acid alcohol and after 10 seconds, at alcoholic solution, cleans, dry up.Waste material is placed in vacuum tube furnace, carries out 150 ℃, 0.1MPa hydrogen pressure and inhale hydrogen 3 hours, 600 ℃, 1 * 10
-3pa dehydrogenation 10 hours, obtains the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen.
(2) adopt airflow milling technique that NdFeB magnetic powder is crushed to 3 microns.
(3) neodymium iron boron powder is orientated in 3T magnetic field and compressing;
(4) pressed compact is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, 1080 ℃ of sintering 7 hours, then carry out secondary heat treatment: wherein first order heat treatment temperature is 920 ℃, be incubated 5 hours; 550 ℃ of second level heat treatment temperatures, are incubated 4 hours; The final sintered magnet that obtains.
Table 3. adopts the particle doped preparation regeneration sintered magnet magnetic property of different grain size neodymium hydride and density contrast
| ? | Remanent magnetism (kGs) | Coercive force (kOe) | Magnetic energy product (MGOe) | Density (g/cm 3) |
| Original magnet 3 | 12.9 | 21.0 | 40.6 | 7.54 |
| Embodiment 3 | 12.9 | 21.4 | 40.6 | 7.54 |
| Comparative example 3-1 | 12.3 | 19.5 | 36.2 | 7.47 |
| Comparative example 3-2 | 11.5 | 19.6 | 33.6 | 7.40 |
| Comparative example 3-3 | 11.3 | 15.9 | 32.4 | 7.35 |
In sum, adopt every magnetic property of regeneration magnet prepared by method of the present invention can be returned to original magnet level.Compare with granule neodymium hydride particle (being less than 100 nanometers) doping, there is higher remanent magnetism, coercive force and magnetic energy product; Compare with bulky grain neodymium hydride particle (being greater than 500 nanometers) doping, reaching on same coercitive basis, required neodymium hydride content is few, so the remanent magnetism of magnet, magnetic energy product can well be replied simultaneously.Compare with conventional sintering technique, sintering temperature and the heat treatment temperature of regeneration sintered magnet are low, therefore can obtain higher coercive force.In addition, adopt the inventive method can make full use of existing equipment, technological process is short, and cost energy consumption is low, economizes on resources.
Claims (3)
1. utilize block sintered NdFeB processing waste material to prepare a method for high-performance regeneration Sintered NdFeB magnet, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) block sintered NdFeB processing waste material is cleaned and is prepared into the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen;
(2) adopt airflow milling technique that NdFeB magnetic powder is crushed to single crystal grain, obtain NdFeB material powder;
(3) adopt physical gas phase deposition technology to prepare neodymium hydride powder, its particle diameter is 100-500 nanometer;
(4) the neodymium hydride nanometer powder of step (3) gained is joined in the NdFeB material powder of step (2), the adding proportion of neodymium hydride nanometer powder is the 2-4% of NdFeB material powder weight, and two kinds of powder are mixed;
(4) will in 3T magnetic field, be orientated through even mixed powder and compressing;
(5) pressed compact is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, at 1000-1050 ℃ of sintering 5-7 hour, then carry out secondary heat treatment: first order heat treatment temperature 800-900 ℃ wherein, insulation 4-5 hour; Second level heat treatment temperature 450-500 ℃, insulation 4-5 hour; The final sintered magnet that obtains.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that step (1) is placed in 5% nitric acid alcohol by block sintered NdFeB processing waste material and at alcoholic solution, cleans after 10 seconds, dry up; Be placed at and in vacuum tube furnace, carry out inhaling hydrogen 3 hours, 600 ℃, 1 * 10 under 150 ℃, 0.1MPa hydrogen pressure
-3pa dehydrogenation 10 hours, obtains the quick-fried powder of neodymium iron boron hydrogen.
3. the regeneration Sintered NdFeB magnet preparing according to the method for claim 1 or 2.
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