CN112359180A - Precision forging forming process of torque elastomer for 330MPa motor torque sensor - Google Patents
Precision forging forming process of torque elastomer for 330MPa motor torque sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112359180A CN112359180A CN202011237310.7A CN202011237310A CN112359180A CN 112359180 A CN112359180 A CN 112359180A CN 202011237310 A CN202011237310 A CN 202011237310A CN 112359180 A CN112359180 A CN 112359180A
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- steel material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
Abstract
The invention discloses a precision forging forming process of a torque elastomer for a 330MPa motor torque sensor, which is beneficial to refining and uniform distribution of steel material grains by carrying out four times of spheroidizing annealing on a steel material and combining water cooling with oil cooling, and simultaneously solves the problems of fine surface layer grains and thick intermediate structure of a torque elastomer precision forging finished product by controlling the heating and cooling speeds in heat treatment, the surface layer grains are refined, the lattice distortion and the dislocation density are reduced, the high-temperature friction, the wear resistance, the hardness and the surface strength of the precision forging finished product are greatly improved, the wear rate is greatly reduced, and the service life of the torque elastomer is effectively prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sensors, and particularly relates to a precision forging forming process of a torque elastomer for a 330MPa motor torque sensor.
Background
The electric power-assisted bicycle is based on a traditional bicycle, carries a power system taking a torque sensor as a core, is provided with a motor and a battery, and can be started when a user steps on the electric power-assisted bicycle, and the power is cut off when the user stops. The motor power-assisted power that electric power bicycle adopted changes along with the big or small change of pedal power, can provide corresponding power support according to the dynamics of trampling of riding passerby to alleviate user's the burden of riding, make the comfort level of riding and the mileage of riding very increase. Therefore, the real-time and accurate detection technology for the pedal force of the electric power-assisted bicycle is very urgent and important in the field of electric bicycles.
The core of torque sensor manufacture is the elastomer, and the structure of the elastomer determines the measurement performance of the elastomer, so the current research on the sensor mainly focuses on the aspect of the elastomer structure. The small difference of the material structure of the elastic body and the processing treatment, particularly the consistency of the heat treatment process to batch processing pieces, are difficult to ensure, so that the elastic body of the sensor is easy to generate self deformation and reset errors when being driven by a main loop, and industrial batch production is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a precision forging forming process of a torque elastomer for a 330MPa motor torque sensor, which not only has good strength and toughness, but also improves the hardness and surface strength of a finished product, and can prolong the service life of the torque elastomer.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
a precision forging forming process of a torque elastomer for a 330MPa motor torque sensor comprises the following steps:
step 1, blanking: cutting the steel material for later use;
step 2, spheroidizing annealing: sequentially carrying out primary annealing, secondary annealing, third annealing and fourth annealing on the blanked steel material to obtain an annealed steel material;
and 3, phosphorization and saponification: carrying out phosphorization and saponification treatment on the annealed steel material;
step 4, extruding: feeding the steel material subjected to the phosphorization and saponification treatment into extrusion equipment for extrusion, and discharging to obtain a torque elastomer;
the first annealing is to heat the steel material to 1100-;
the second annealing is to heat the steel material to 850-;
the third annealing is to heat the steel material to 1200-;
the fourth annealing is to put the steel material into a vacuum furnace, heat the steel material to 1100 ℃ for heat preservation for 1-2h, then blow and cool the steel material to 750 ℃ for 700-.
In the first annealing, heating to 1100-1200 ℃ at the speed of 50-70 ℃/min, cooling at 40-50 ℃/min for oil cooling, and cooling at 50-60 ℃/min for water cooling.
In the second annealing, the temperature is heated to 850-900 ℃ at the speed of 40-60 ℃/min, the cooling speed of water cooling is 20-30 ℃/min, and the cooling speed of oil cooling is 30-40 ℃/min.
In the third annealing, heating to 1200-1250 ℃ at the speed of 60-80 ℃/min, cooling at the speed of 45-65 ℃/min for water cooling, and cooling at the speed of 35-55 ℃/min for oil cooling.
In the fourth annealing, the material is heated to 1000-1100 ℃ at the speed of 80-100 ℃/min, the cooling speed of oil cooling is 35-50 ℃/min, and the cooling speed of water cooling is 25-45 ℃/min.
After the scheme is adopted, the process disclosed by the invention is favorable for refining and uniformly distributing steel material grains through multiple times of annealing; meanwhile, by controlling the heating and cooling speeds in the heat treatment, the problems of fine surface crystal grains and large intermediate structure of the finished product of the torque elastomer precision forging are solved, the surface crystal grains are refined, the lattice distortion and the dislocation density are reduced, the high-temperature friction, the abrasion resistance, the hardness and the surface strength of the finished product of the precision forging are greatly improved, the wear rate is greatly reduced, and the service life of the torque elastomer is effectively prolonged.
Detailed Description
The technical solution and the advantages of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
The precision forging forming process of the torque elastomer for the 330MPa motor torque sensor comprises the following steps of:
step 1, blanking: selecting a product with the grade of 20CRMNTI as a raw material, and adopting a circular saw machine for blanking.
Step 2, spheroidizing annealing: and sequentially carrying out primary annealing, secondary annealing, tertiary annealing and fourth annealing on the blanked steel material to obtain the annealed steel material.
The specific processes of the first annealing, the second annealing, the third annealing and the fourth annealing are as follows:
the first annealing is to heat the steel material to 1150 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/min, preserve heat for 4h, blow-cool the steel material to 730 ℃ with air, keep the temperature for 35min, heat to 800 ℃, preserve heat for 2h, oil-cool the steel material to 650 ℃ at the cooling speed of 40 ℃/min, preserve heat for 30min, and water-cool the steel material to room temperature at the cooling speed of 60 ℃/min;
the second annealing is to heat the steel material to 850 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/min, preserve heat for 50min, then cool the steel material to 550 ℃ at the cooling speed of 25 ℃/min, then cool the steel material to 300 ℃ at the cooling speed of 35 ℃/min, then heat the steel material to 600 ℃, preserve heat for 1h, and then cool the steel material to room temperature by cooling water;
the third annealing is to heat the steel material to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 70 ℃/min, preserve heat for 3h, then adopt the method of water cooling and oil cooling circulation, firstly cool the steel material to 830 ℃ at the cooling speed of 50 ℃/min, preserve heat for 30min, then oil cool the steel material to 370 ℃ at the cooling speed of 40 ℃/min, preserve heat for 25min, then heat the steel material to 500 ℃, preserve heat for 40min, cool the steel material to 330 ℃ at the cooling speed of 50 ℃/min, preserve heat for 37min, finally oil cool the steel material to room temperature at the cooling speed of 40 ℃/min;
and the fourth annealing is to put the steel material into a vacuum furnace, heat the steel material to 1100 ℃ at a speed of 90 ℃/min, preserve heat for 2h, blow-cool the steel material to 700 ℃ with nitrogen, oil-cool the steel material to 470 ℃ at a cooling speed of 42 ℃/min, preserve heat for 35min, heat the steel material to 880 ℃, preserve heat for 2h, cool the steel material to 660 ℃ at a cooling speed of 30 ℃/min, preserve heat for 20min, and finally cool the steel material to room temperature with air.
And 3, phosphorization and saponification: and carrying out phosphorization and saponification treatment on the annealed steel material.
Step 4, extruding: and (3) feeding the steel material subjected to the phosphorization and saponification treatment into extrusion equipment for extrusion, and discharging to obtain the torque elastomer.
Through detection, the tensile strength of the prepared moment elastomer is 334MPa, the hardness is 271, and the elongation is 1.7%.
Example 2
The precision forging forming process of the torque elastomer for the 330MPa motor torque sensor comprises the following steps of:
step 1, blanking: selecting a product with the grade of 20CRMNTI as a raw material, and adopting a circular saw machine for blanking.
Step 2, spheroidizing annealing: and sequentially carrying out primary annealing, secondary annealing, tertiary annealing and fourth annealing on the blanked steel material to obtain the annealed steel material.
The specific processes of the first annealing, the second annealing, the third annealing and the fourth annealing are as follows:
the first annealing is to heat the steel material to 1100 ℃ at the speed of 70 ℃/min, preserve heat for 5h, blow-cool the steel material to 750 ℃ with air, keep the temperature for 35min, heat to 850 ℃, preserve heat for 1h, oil-cool the steel material to 640 ℃ at the cooling speed of 45 ℃/min, preserve heat for 35min, and then water-cool the steel material to room temperature at the cooling speed of 55 ℃/min;
the second annealing is to heat the steel material to 880 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/min, preserve heat for 45min, then cool the steel material to 580 ℃ with the cooling speed of 30 ℃/min, then cool the steel material to 290 ℃ with the cooling speed of 40 ℃/min, then heat the steel material to 620 ℃, preserve heat for 1h, and then cool the steel material to room temperature with the cooling water;
the third annealing is to heat the steel material to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃/min, preserve heat for 4h, then adopt the method of water cooling and oil cooling circulation, firstly cool the water to 870 ℃ at the cooling speed of 60 ℃/min, preserve heat for 28min, then oil cool to 320 ℃ at the cooling speed of 50 ℃/min, preserve heat for 25min, then heat the steel material to 530 ℃, preserve heat for 36min, water cool to 320 ℃ at the cooling speed of 60 ℃/min, preserve heat for 35min, finally oil cool to room temperature at the cooling speed of 55 ℃/min;
and the fourth annealing is to put the steel material into a vacuum furnace, heat the steel material to 1050 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/min, preserve heat for 1.5h, blow-cool the steel material to 730 ℃ with nitrogen, cool the steel material to 500 ℃ at the cooling speed of 50 ℃/min, preserve heat for 40min, heat the steel material to 920 ℃, preserve heat for 1h, cool the steel material to 650 ℃ at the cooling speed of 40 ℃/min, preserve heat for 25min, and finally cool the steel material to room temperature with air.
And 3, phosphorization and saponification: and carrying out phosphorization and saponification treatment on the annealed steel material.
Step 4, extruding: and (3) feeding the steel material subjected to the phosphorization and saponification treatment into extrusion equipment for extrusion, and discharging to obtain the torque elastomer.
Through detection, the tensile strength of the prepared moment elastomer is 351MPa, the hardness is 258, and the elongation is 1.6%.
Example 3
The precision forging forming process of the torque elastomer for the 330MPa motor torque sensor comprises the following steps of:
step 1, blanking: selecting a product with the grade of 20CRMNTI as a raw material, and adopting a circular saw machine for blanking.
Step 2, spheroidizing annealing: and sequentially carrying out primary annealing, secondary annealing, tertiary annealing and fourth annealing on the blanked steel material to obtain the annealed steel material.
The specific processes of the first annealing, the second annealing, the third annealing and the fourth annealing are as follows:
the first annealing is to heat the steel material to 1100 ℃ at the speed of 70 ℃/min, preserve heat for 5h, blow-cool the steel material to 700 ℃ with air, keep the temperature for 40min, heat to 850 ℃, preserve heat for 2h, oil-cool the steel material to 630 ℃ at the cooling speed of 50 ℃/min, preserve heat for 35min, and then water-cool the steel material to room temperature at the cooling speed of 50 ℃/min;
the second annealing is to heat the steel material to 9000 ℃ at the speed of 55 ℃/min, preserve the heat for 40min, then cool the steel material to 580 ℃ at the cooling speed of 30 ℃/min, then cool the steel material to 290 ℃ at the cooling speed of 40 ℃/min, then heat the steel material to 610 ℃, preserve the heat for 1h, and then cool the steel material to room temperature by cooling water;
the third annealing is to heat the steel material to 1250 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/min, preserve heat for 2h, then adopt the method of water cooling and oil cooling circulation, firstly cool the steel material to 800 ℃ at the cooling speed of 45 ℃/min, preserve heat for 40min, then oil cool the steel material to 400 ℃ at the cooling speed of 35 ℃/min, preserve heat for 20min, then heat the steel material to 550 ℃, preserve heat for 30min, cool the steel material to 300 ℃ at the cooling speed of 65 ℃/min, preserve heat for 40min, finally oil cool the steel material to room temperature at the cooling speed of 55 ℃/min;
and the fourth annealing is to put the steel material into a vacuum furnace, heat the steel material to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/min, preserve heat for 2h, blow-cool the steel material to 750 ℃ with nitrogen, cool the steel material to 520 ℃ at the cooling speed of 50 ℃/min, preserve heat for 40min, heat the steel material to 930 ℃, preserve heat for 2h, cool the steel material to 670 ℃ at the cooling speed of 40 ℃/min, preserve heat for 30min, and finally cool the steel material to room temperature with air.
And 3, phosphorization and saponification: and carrying out phosphorization and saponification treatment on the annealed steel material.
Step 4, extruding: and (3) feeding the steel material subjected to the phosphorization and saponification treatment into extrusion equipment for extrusion, and discharging to obtain the torque elastomer.
The detection shows that the tensile strength of the prepared moment elastomer is 341MPa, the hardness is 263, and the elongation is 1.5%.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A precision forging forming process of a torque elastomer for a 330MPa motor torque sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, blanking: cutting the steel material for later use;
step 2, spheroidizing annealing: sequentially carrying out primary annealing, secondary annealing, third annealing and fourth annealing on the blanked steel material to obtain an annealed steel material;
and 3, phosphorization and saponification: carrying out phosphorization and saponification treatment on the annealed steel material;
step 4, extruding: feeding the steel material subjected to the phosphorization and saponification treatment into extrusion equipment for extrusion, and discharging to obtain a torque elastomer;
the first annealing is to heat the steel material to 1100-;
the second annealing is to heat the steel material to 850-;
the third annealing is to heat the steel material to 1200-;
the fourth annealing is to put the steel material into a vacuum furnace, heat the steel material to 1100 ℃ for heat preservation for 1-2h, then blow and cool the steel material to 750 ℃ for 700-.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein: in the first annealing, heating to 1100-1200 ℃ at the speed of 50-70 ℃/min, cooling at 40-50 ℃/min for oil cooling, and cooling at 50-60 ℃/min for water cooling.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein: in the second annealing, the temperature is heated to 850-900 ℃ at the speed of 40-60 ℃/min, the cooling speed of water cooling is 20-30 ℃/min, and the cooling speed of oil cooling is 30-40 ℃/min.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein: in the third annealing, heating to 1200-1250 ℃ at the speed of 60-80 ℃/min, cooling at the speed of 45-65 ℃/min for water cooling, and cooling at the speed of 35-55 ℃/min for oil cooling.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein: in the fourth annealing, the material is heated to 1000-1100 ℃ at the speed of 80-100 ℃/min, the cooling speed of oil cooling is 35-50 ℃/min, and the cooling speed of water cooling is 25-45 ℃/min.
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| CN202011237310.7A CN112359180A (en) | 2020-11-09 | 2020-11-09 | Precision forging forming process of torque elastomer for 330MPa motor torque sensor |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112974610A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-18 | 盐城市明佳机械有限公司 | Precision forging and stamping forming process of motor output shaft |
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