CN112354496A - Building emission reduction reactor based on photoelectrocatalysis system - Google Patents

Building emission reduction reactor based on photoelectrocatalysis system Download PDF

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CN112354496A
CN112354496A CN202011359364.0A CN202011359364A CN112354496A CN 112354496 A CN112354496 A CN 112354496A CN 202011359364 A CN202011359364 A CN 202011359364A CN 112354496 A CN112354496 A CN 112354496A
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pipeline
building
air
cathode
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白纪韬
李韦伊
郑鑫蕊
张思淼
徐杰
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

The invention provides a building emission reduction reactor based on a photoelectrocatalysis system, which comprises a photo-anode system, a dark cathode system and a direct current power supply, wherein the photo-anode system is arranged on the outer surface of a building, and the dark cathode system is arranged on the inner surface of the building. The invention fully utilizes the idle resource of the building wall with huge surface area and renewable solar energy, absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen by virtue of the photoelectrocatalysis reaction, thereby effectively controlling the building emission and improving the greening level of the building.

Description

Building emission reduction reactor based on photoelectrocatalysis system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of green buildings, in particular to a building emission reduction reactor based on a photoelectrocatalysis system.
Background
Of all the photoelectrocatalytic materials, TiO2Has the best development prospectOne of the green and environment-friendly materials is also the most deeply researched photocatalytic material in the field of green buildings at home and abroad at present. TiO is used in the current building science2The application research of the representative photocatalytic materials mainly focuses on four directions of pollutant gas purification, environment sterilization, building surface self-cleaning and antifogging, and air-conditioning refrigeration heat transfer performance reinforcement, and most of the photocatalytic materials exist in the form of composite building materials such as photocatalytic coatings, self-cleaning glass, functional ceramics, photocatalytic concrete and the like, but no effective and feasible technical route is provided for the photocatalytic technology in the aspect of relieving the greenhouse effect.
In addition, the existing green building technology has many limitations, for example, the emission reduction effect is limited, and the target of zero emission is difficult to realize; in addition, the design and construction are relatively complex, the cost is high, economic benefits cannot be generated, and the popularization is limited to a certain extent. These problems are not favorable for the green development of the building industry.
Therefore, a more efficient building emission reduction technology is urgently needed in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a building emission reduction reactor based on a photoelectrocatalysis system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a building emission reduction reactor based on a photoelectrocatalysis system comprises a photo-anode system, a dark cathode system and a direct current power supply, wherein the photo-anode system is arranged on the outer surface of a building, and the dark cathode system is arranged on the inner surface of the building;
the photoanode system comprises a phototropic photoanode, a first selective transmission film, a light-transmitting protective layer, a water pump, a first air pump, an anode solution pool, an acidic solution pipeline and a first air pipeline; the first selective transmission film is arranged on the outer side of the phototropic photoanode, the light-transmitting protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the first selective transmission film, the anode solution pool is arranged between the outer surface of a building and the light-transmitting protective layer and clings to the outer surface of the building, and the first selective transmission film is positioned at an interface between the solution in the anode solution pool and pumped airSeparating the solution from the gas, the first permselective membrane being in direct contact with both the solution on its inside and the pumped air on its outside and being capable of blocking H2O molecule and allow O2The molecule passing device comprises an anode solution pool, a water pump, a first air pump, a first selective permeation membrane, a light transmission protective layer, a water pump, a water replenishing pipe, a first air pump, a first air transmission pipeline and a second air transmission pipeline, wherein two ends of the acid solution pipeline are respectively connected with two ends of the anode solution pool;
the dark cathode system comprises Cu/Cu2O dark cathode, gas exchange membrane, protective layer, second selective permeation membrane, third selective permeation membrane, second air pump, cathode solution pool, methanol solution pipeline and second air pipeline, wherein the gas exchange membrane is arranged in the Cu/Cu2The protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the gas exchange membrane, and the cathode solution pool is arranged between the inner surface of the building and the protective layer and is tightly attached to the inner surface of the building; the gas exchange membrane is positioned at the interface between the solution in the cathode solution pool and the high-concentration carbon dioxide gas pumped in to separate the solution from the gas; the gas exchange membrane is in direct contact with the solution at the inner side and the pumped gas at the outer side and can block H2O and CH3OH through while allowing CO2And CO, CH4Passing; the outlet of the second air pump is connected with the air inlet end of the second air transmission pipeline, the second selective permeation membrane is arranged on the second air transmission pipeline, and the second selective permeation membrane can block CO2Molecular and allowability of O2And N2Passing a molecule; the exhaust end of the second gas transmission pipeline is arranged between the gas exchange membrane and the protective layer; the two ends of the methanol solution pipeline are respectively connected with the two ends of the cathode solution pool, the third selective permeation membrane is arranged on the methanol solution pipeline, and the third selective permeation membrane can block CH3OH molecule and H2Passing O molecules; what is needed isA methanol delivery pipe is arranged on one side, located at the upstream side, of the methanol solution pipeline of the third selective permeation membrane, and a drain pipe is arranged on one side, located at the downstream side, of the methanol solution pipeline of the third selective permeation membrane; the positive pole of the direct current power supply is connected with the phototropic photoanode through an anode main line, and the negative pole of the direct current power supply is connected with the Cu/Cu through a cathode main line2O dark cathode connection; the building wall is provided with a through hole, the anode solution tank and the cathode solution tank are communicated with each other through a connecting pipeline penetrating through the through hole, and a proton exchange membrane used for separating an acid solution from a methanol solution is further arranged in the connecting pipeline.
The phototropic photoanode is made of a cylindrical photoresponse hydrogel-silica gel carrier-photocatalyst nano-particle composite material.
The protective layer is made of glass or wallboard.
The acid solution in the acid solution pipeline is dilute sulfuric acid.
The anode solution pool and the cathode solution pool are both made of glass.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the anode and the cathode are respectively arranged on the wall bodies on the outer surface and the inner surface of the building, the idle resource of the building wall body with huge surface area and renewable solar energy are fully utilized, and the photoelectric catalytic reaction is utilized to absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, so that the building emission is effectively controlled, the greening level of the building is improved, and the habitability of the building environment is enhanced; meanwhile, the method plays a certain positive role in relieving greenhouse effect; in addition, chemical products such as methyl alcohol generated by the photoelectrocatalysis reaction can bring extra economic benefit for users or communities, so that the problem of poor economy of current green buildings is effectively solved, the reactor and the building wall can be assembled for use, the economic cost is saved, the applicability to buildings is stronger, and the influence on the appearance of the buildings is avoided due to the nearly invisible visual effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a second permselective membrane.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a third permselective membrane.
FIG. 4 is Cu/Cu2Partial structure schematic diagram of methanol generation area at O dark cathode.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a methanol solution of micelles.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments.
The photoelectric catalytic system-based building emission reduction reactor shown in fig. 1-4 comprises a photo-anode system, a dark cathode system and a direct current power supply, wherein the photo-anode system is arranged on the outer surface 7 of a building, and the dark cathode system is arranged on the inner surface 3 of the building.
The photoanode system comprises a phototropic photoanode 8, a first selective transmission film 10, a light-transmitting protective layer 9, a water pump 11, a first air pump 13, an anode solution pool, an acidic solution pipeline and a first air pipeline.
The phototropism photoanode comprises a phototropism photoanode, a phototropism protective layer, an anode solution pool, a light transmission protective layer, a first selective permeation film, a second selective permeation film and a third selective permeation film, wherein the first selective permeation film is arranged on the outer side of the phototropism photoanode, the light transmission protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the first selective permeation film, the anode solution pool is arranged between the outer surface of a building and the light transmission protective layer and is tightly attached to the outer surface of the building, the first selective permeation film is2O molecule and allow O2The molecules pass through, the two ends of the acidic solution pipeline are respectively connected with the two ends of the anode solution pool, the acidic solution is arranged in the acidic solution pipeline, the water pump is arranged on the acidic solution pipeline, and the water inlet of the water pump is further connected with a water replenishing pipe for supplying water to the acidic solution pipeline. The phototropic photoanode 8 material is an array formed by a plurality of monomers, is fixed at the bottom of a reaction channel on the outer surface 7 of a building after being implanted into a thin flexible conductor connected in parallel with an anode main line, and is made of a cylindrical photoresponse hydrogel-silica gel carrier-photocatalyst nano-particle composite material; connecting the columnar PDMAEMA-PAN i type hydrogel with a columnar B type silica gel carrier, and carrying out photocatalytic TiO purification2The nano particles are densely arranged on the light receiving surface of the silica gel carrier. When the inclined light irradiates the light anode, the temperature of the PDMAEMA-PAN i type hydrogel at the near light side is increased to be higher than that at the far light side, so that the material is bent towards the light due to larger deformation, namely, photosensitive response is generated. The photoresponse material bends towards light to drive the silica gel carrier to rotate towards the light, so that the surface of the silica gel carrier coated with the densely arranged nano catalyst particles is always opposite to the light, and the light energy capture efficiency of the photo-anode is improved. In addition, the silica gel carrier has the characteristics of porosity and large specific surface area, so that the silica gel carrier has a surface area far larger than the macroscopic surface area, the times of reflection and absorption of light on the surface of the material are greatly increased, and the capture capacity of the photo-anode to light energy is also improved to a certain extent.
The first permselective membrane 10 is capable of blocking H2O molecule and allow O2The light-transmitting protective layer 9 is provided outside the first permselective membrane 10 through which the molecules pass. The outlet of the first air pump 13 is connected with the air inlet end of the first air pipeline, and the air outlet end of the first air pipeline is arranged between the first selective transmission film 10 and the light-transmitting protective layer 9.
The dark cathode system comprises Cu/Cu2O dark cathode 1, gas exchange membrane 5, protective layer 4, second selective permeation membrane 14, third selective permeation membrane 15, second air pump 18, cathode solution pool, methanol solution pipeline and second air pipeline, Cu/Cu2The O-electrode is an array of multiple cells connected in parallel to a cathode main line located on the building interior surface 3. The gas exchange membrane 5 is arranged on Cu/Cu2The outer side of the O dark cathode 1, the protective layer 4 is arranged on the outer side of the gas exchange membrane 5, and the cathode solution pool is arranged between the inner surface 3 of the building and the protective layer 4 and is tightly attached to the inner surface 3 of the building; the gas exchange membrane 5 is positioned at the interface between the solution in the cathode solution pool and the high-concentration carbon dioxide gas pumped in to separate the solution from the gas; the gas exchange membrane 5 is in direct contact with both the solution on the inner side and the pumped gas on the outer side and can block H2O and CH3OH through while allowing CO2And CO, CH4Passing gaseous molecules; Cu/Cu2Through which O can take up CO2. The protective layer 4 is arranged outside the gas exchange membrane 5The outlet of the second air pump 18 is connected with the air inlet end of a second air pipeline, a second selective permeation membrane 14 is arranged on the second air pipeline, and the second selective permeation membrane 14 can block CO2Molecular and allowability of O2And N2Passing a molecule; the exhaust end of the second gas transmission pipeline is arranged between the gas exchange membrane 5 and the protective layer 4; the protective layer 4 is made of glass or wall plate, which is used in this embodiment to protect the cathode. The two ends of the methanol solution pipeline are respectively connected with the two ends of the cathode solution pool, the third selective permeation membrane 15 is arranged on the methanol solution pipeline, and the third selective permeation membrane 15 can block CH3OH molecule and H2Passing O molecules; the third permselective membrane 15 is provided with a methanol delivery pipe 17 on the upstream side of the methanol solution pipeline, and the third permselective membrane 15 is provided with a drain pipe 16 on the downstream side of the methanol solution pipeline. The positive pole of the direct current power supply is connected with the phototropic photoanode through the anode main line, and the negative pole of the direct current power supply is connected with the Cu/Cu through the cathode main line2O dark cathode connection; the building wall is provided with a through hole, the anode solution tank and the cathode solution tank are communicated with each other through a connecting pipeline penetrating through the through hole, a proton exchange membrane used for separating acid solution and methanol solution is further arranged in the connecting pipeline, and the proton exchange membrane can transmit hydrogen ions according to the needs of cathode and anode reaction.
In the photoanode system, the outermost light-transmitting protective layer 9 can allow sunlight to pass through, and the first selectively-transmitting film 10 can block H2Allowing O to pass through2Through, H2O is left in the anode solution pool to perform a photolysis reaction under the condition of illumination, and the generated O2Enters the first air pipeline, and simultaneously, the first air pump 13 pumps the air in the atmosphere into the first air pipeline to blow H2O generated by O photolysis2And the effluent medium is discharged into the air, and flows back to the reaction system after being supplemented with water through a water supplementing pipe 12.
In the dark cathode system, a second air pump 18 pumps atmospheric air into a second air line and through a second permselective membrane 14, as shown in FIG. 2, through which oxygen and nitrogen molecules pass but carbon dioxide molecules do not, thereby allowing CO to pass2Enrichment when the system is stableIn the steady operation, oxygen and nitrogen in the pumped air pass through the permselective membrane 10 and are discharged, while CO2The molecules do not selectively permeate through the membrane 14 and accumulate in front of the membrane to form a region of high concentration. Thus, high concentrations of CO are generated by the back stream2The gas is pressed into the subsequent gas transmission pipeline to enter the reaction channel until the gas passes through the gas exchange membrane 5 to reach the Cu/Cu2The O dark cathode 1 area participates in the reaction, and a small amount of byproducts CO and CH are obtained after the cathode reduction reaction4Equalizing the chemical fuel gas; CO and CH produced as by-products4The gases can pass through the gas exchange membrane 5 and be blown out, so that the gases are collected, and the atmospheric pollution is avoided. Meanwhile, in the methanol solution line, methanol, which is a main product generated by the reduction reaction, passes through the third permselective membrane 15, as shown in fig. 3, H2O molecule through CH3OH molecules are intercepted, redundant water is discharged through a water discharge pipe 16, and methanol is collected through a methanol delivery pipe 17 after being enriched; the low concentration methanol solution passing through the third permselective membrane 15 is refluxed to the corresponding reaction channel after discharging excess water, and a new cycle is started.
The overall and bipolar processes can be summarized as physicochemical processes shown in the following set of equations.
The overall process is as follows:
Figure BDA0002803540880000051
photoanode (architectural facade) process:
Figure BDA0002803540880000052
dark cathode (in-building) process:
Figure BDA0002803540880000061
a liquid column with width of l and height of h is drawn below the gas exchange membrane, and generated CH is set for the liquid column micro-element as shown in FIG. 53OH can diffuse uniformly in the vertical direction for a distance h within dt time. When the concentration distribution is stable, the fluid has any section CH3OH inflow equals outflow, so:
ldxadt+Qcdt＝Q(c+dc)dt
namely:
ladx＝Qdc
solving a differential equation to obtain:
Figure BDA0002803540880000062
wherein Q is the liquid phase input flow rate;
c0-liquid phase input concentration;
a-array per unit area CH3Average OH generation rate;
x-distance along the direction of liquid phase transport.
In practice, both l and x are bounded, so CH3There is a maximum in the OH concentration. C is the minimum concentration required for the combustion or explosion of the methanol solution under normal conditionslimTo ensure safety, the flow Q is set so that cmax<clim。
For CO2Due to its concentration distribution and CH3OH similarly, there are:
Figure BDA0002803540880000063
in the formula c' -CO2Concentration;
q' -gas phase input flow;
b-CO per unit area dark cathode array2An average consumption rate;
c′0CO input to the System2And (4) concentration.
Similarly, l and x are both bounded quantities, so CO2There is a minimum in concentration. Due to the absence of gas phase system operation and CH3OH similar potential safety hazard, so the input flow setting meets the reaction requirements, i.e.:
c′min>c′need
the invention fully utilizes the huge surface area of the building as an idle resource and renewable solar energy to realize effective control of building carbon emission, thereby improving the greening level of the building, relieving the greenhouse effect and enhancing the habitability of the building environment. Meanwhile, the economic income of users or communities is realized through the output of chemical products such as methanol and the like.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make several variations and modifications without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, which fall into the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A building emission reduction reactor based on a photoelectrocatalysis system is characterized by comprising a photo-anode system, a dark cathode system and a direct current power supply, wherein the photo-anode system is arranged on the outer surface of a building, and the dark cathode system is arranged on the inner surface of the building;
the photoanode system comprises a phototropic photoanode, a first selective transmission film, a light-transmitting protective layer, a water pump, a first air pump, an anode solution pool, an acidic solution pipeline and a first air pipeline; the first selective transmission film is arranged on the outer side of the phototropism photoanode, the light-transmitting protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the first selective transmission film, the anode solution pool is arranged between the outer surface of a building and the light-transmitting protective layer and is tightly attached to the outer surface of the building, the first selective transmission film is positioned on an interface between the solution in the anode solution pool and pumped air to separate the solution from the air, and the first selective transmission film is in direct contact with the solution positioned on the inner side of the first selective transmission film and the pumped air positioned on the outer side of the first selective transmission film and can block H2O molecule and allow O2The molecule passes through, the both ends of acid solution pipeline respectively with the both ends in positive pole solution pond are connected, acid solution has in the acid solution pipeline, the water pump sets up on the acid solution pipeline, the water inlet of water pump still is connected with moisturizing pipe, firstThe outlet of the air pump is connected with the air inlet end of the first air transmission pipeline, and the air outlet end of the first air transmission pipeline is arranged at the position between the first selective transmission film and the light-transmitting protective layer;
the dark cathode system comprises Cu/Cu2O dark cathode, gas exchange membrane, protective layer, second selective permeation membrane, third selective permeation membrane, second air pump, cathode solution pool, methanol solution pipeline and second air pipeline, wherein the gas exchange membrane is arranged in the Cu/Cu2The protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the gas exchange membrane, and the cathode solution pool is arranged between the inner surface of the building and the protective layer and is tightly attached to the inner surface of the building; the gas exchange membrane is positioned at the interface between the solution in the cathode solution pool and the high-concentration carbon dioxide gas pumped in to separate the solution from the gas; the gas exchange membrane is in direct contact with the solution at the inner side and the pumped gas at the outer side and can block H2O and CH3OH through while allowing CO2And CO, CH4Passing; the outlet of the second air pump is connected with the air inlet end of the second air transmission pipeline, the second selective permeation membrane is arranged on the second air transmission pipeline, and the second selective permeation membrane can block CO2Molecular and allowability of O2And N2Passing a molecule; the exhaust end of the second gas transmission pipeline is arranged between the gas exchange membrane and the protective layer; the two ends of the methanol solution pipeline are respectively connected with the two ends of the cathode solution pool, the third selective permeation membrane is arranged on the methanol solution pipeline, and the third selective permeation membrane can block CH3OH molecule and H2Passing O molecules; a methanol delivery pipe is arranged on one side, located at the upstream side, of the methanol solution pipeline of the third selective permeation membrane, and a drain pipe is arranged on one side, located at the downstream side, of the methanol solution pipeline of the third selective permeation membrane; the positive pole of the direct current power supply is connected with the phototropic photoanode through an anode main line, and the negative pole of the direct current power supply is connected with the Cu/Cu through a cathode main line2O dark cathode connection; the building wall is provided with a through hole, and the anode solution tank and the cathode solution tank are interconnected through a connecting pipeline penetrating through the through holeAnd a proton exchange membrane for separating the acidic solution from the methanol solution is also arranged in the connecting pipeline.
2. The photoelectrocatalysis system-based building emission reduction reactor of claim 1, wherein the phototropic photoanode is made of a cylindrical photoresponsive hydrogel-silica gel carrier-photocatalyst nanoparticle composite material.
3. The photoelectrocatalytic system-based construction emission reduction reactor as set forth in claim 1, wherein said protective layer is made of glass or wallboard.
4. The photoelectrocatalysis system-based building emission reduction reactor according to claim 1, wherein the acidic solution contained in the acidic solution pipeline is dilute sulfuric acid.
5. The photoelectrocatalysis system-based building emission reduction reactor of claim 1, wherein the anode solution pool and the cathode solution pool are both made of glass.
CN202011359364.0A 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 Building emission reduction reactor based on photoelectrocatalysis system Pending CN112354496A (en)

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